DOCSLIB.ORG

Heavy Storm CHRISTIAN on 28 October 2013 Contact: Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heavy Storm CHRISTIAN on 28 October 2013 Contact: Dr Heavy storm CHRISTIAN on 28 October 2013 Contact: Dr. Susanne Haeseler, Christiana Lefebvre; updated: 13 November 2013 Introduction In the last week of October 2013, the heavy storm CHRISTIAN moved across northern Europe (Fig. 1) causing destruction and travel chaos. Europe-wide it claimed at least 15 lives. Due to high wind speeds with hurricane force gusts, trees were toppled and buildings damaged. Power outages were reported not only from the United Kingdom and France, but also from northern Germany. Train services shut down temporarily, as e.g. in the southern United Kingdom and northern Germany, where the rail traffic was partly interrupted for several days. At London and Hamburg even the urban and underground railways were affected. Some streets were impassable. The Öresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden was closed. Flights were cancelled. The ferry services between Dover and Calais as well as to some North Sea Islands shut down. Many Hallig inhabitants experienced “landunter” (i.e. flooding of the lowlands of the island). One feature of the storm was its southerly track across the United Kingdom. Another one was the high amount of damaged and toppled trees, because many deciduous trees were still in leaf due to mild weather conditions and therefore more vulnerable to strong winds. Fig. 1: Track of storm CHRISTIAN from 27 to 29 October 2013. [Source: DWD] 1 Consecutively used time specifications: MEZ = Central European Time (CET) UTC = Universal Time Coordinated (= MEZ minus one hour) Development of CHRISTIAN and wind gusts Storm CHRISTIAN formed on Saturday, 26 October, over the western Atlantic as a second- ary depression of the low-pressure system BURKHARD. On its way eastward, the remnants of ex-tropical storm LORENZO provided for an additional input of energy, benefiting the de- velopment of CHRISTIAN to an intense low-pressure system. With a forward speed of 1200 km in 12 hours, CHRISTIAN was a rapid moving low. On Sunday the 27th at 18 UTC, CHRISTIAN was located southwest of Ireland with a central pressure of 990 hPa. At 22 UTC, the strong cyclone made landfall in the southwest coast of Great Britain. With a further intensification (central pressure of 986 hPa), the first hurricane gusts were measured on the Breton coast with wind speeds up to 133 km/h (station Oues- sant-Stief). On the night to Monday, CHRISTIAN relocated north-eastwards and crossed the south of Great Britain. On Monday morning at 07 UTC, the centre of the storm with a pres- sure of 977 hPa was located over the East Midlands, near the city of Grimsby. At the same time, a ship on the English Channel reported the so far strongest gust of 168 km/h. On its further track across the southern North Sea heading towards Denmark, the first hurricane gusts on the German North Sea coast were measured at 11 UTC. The weather station Borkum-Süderstraße recorded a gust of 148 km/h. On the Brocken, the highest hill of the Harz mountain range, hurricane gusts were observed already before that time. Figures 2a and 2b show the surface analyses on 28 October 2013 at 00 and 12 UTC, Fig- ure 3 the satellite image at 14 UTC and Figure 4 the sustained wind at 14 UTC. Fig. 2a: Surface analysis North Atlantic/Europe on 28 October 2013, 00 UTC. [Source: DWD] 2 Fig. 2b: Surface analysis North Atlantic/Europe on 28 October 2013, 12 UTC. [Source: DWD] Fig. 3: Satellite image acquired on 28 October 2013, 14:02 UTC. [Source: DWD] 3 Fig. 4: Sustained (10-minute) wind across north-western Europe on 28 October 2013, 14 UTC. [Source: DWD] In Germany, heavy storm CHRISTIAN caused the highest wind speeds between 13 and 14 UTC (14 and 15 MEZ) over the German Bight and on the west coast of Schleswig- Holstein (Fig. 5). At that time, the centre of the storm was located off the northwest coast of Denmark. As there is no measurement at exactly this site, the actual central pressure can differ from the measurement of 968 hPa on the coast by a few hPa. At the same time, the weather station of Sankt Peter Ording recorded with a gust of 172 km/h the maximum value in the meteorological network of Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service). During the storm‘s further shift towards southern Scandinavia, the Danish weather station of Kegnaes Fyr, a lighthouse on the Baltic Sea coast near the border of Schleswig- Holstein/Germany, recorded a gust of 193 km/h. Northern Schleswig-Holstein was particularly hit by CHRISTIAN, because the highest gusts mostly reached hurricane force (at least 118 km/h). In southern Schleswig-Holstein and in Niedersachsen as well as in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, gusts reached up to hurricane force in island and coastal areas. Hurricane-force gusts were also recorded at Hamburg, where the wind was strongest between 13 and 15 UTC (14 and 16 MEZ). In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern the wind speed was highest in the late afternoon. Storm gusts and accompanied damage occurred not only in northern Germany but also in the central parts. Peak wind speeds of more than 80 km/h were widespread registered in lowlands north a line Straßburg-Heilbronn- Hof-Dresden. 4 Fig. 5: Peak wind gusts between 13 and 14 UTC (14 and 15 MEZ) in northern Germany. [Source: DWD] The satellite image at 18 UTC shows the cloud swirl of CHRISTIAN across southern Scandi- navia (Fig. 6), where the centre was located at that time, and Figure 7 shows the wind rotat- ing anticlockwise around the centre of the storm. Fig. 6: Satellite image acquired on 28 October 2013, 18 UTC. [Source: DWD] 5 Fig. 7: Sustained (10-minute) wind across north-western Europe on 28 October 2013, 18 UTC. [Source: DWD] As would be expected in rapid moving lows like CHRISTIAN, the highest wind speeds were measured right (here south) of the centre, where displacement velocity and gradient wind (wind blowing around the centre of the low) add. On its track in north-eastward direction the cyclone weakened in the evening hours and the strong wind field did so as well. However, some central and northern European countries in the range of CHRISTIAN experienced a stormy night. Figures 8a-c show the fast relocation of the strong wind field of CHRISTIAN in north-eastern direction. 6 Fig. 8a: Maximum wind gusts (in km/h) on 28 October 2013, 12 UTC. [Source: DWD] Fig. 8b: Maximum wind gusts (in km/h) on 28 October 2013, 18 UTC. [Source: DWD] 7 Fig. 8c: Maximum wind gusts (in km/h) on 29 October 2013, 06 UTC. [Source: DWD] CHRISTIAN caused considerable rainfall amounts mainly in Schleswig-Holstein with region- ally more than 10 mm on the 28th (Fig. 9). Groß Wittensee, located southeast of Schleswig, even reported nearly 32 mm. Fig. 9: Precipitation total for Germany on 28 October 2013. [Source: DWD] 8 Wind speeds at Hamburg on 28 October Figure 10 shows the development of the wind speed (10-minute mean and peak gusts) at the airport Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel. The highest recorded gust of the day was 120.2 km/h occurring between 14:00 and 14:10 UTC (15:00 and 15:10 MEZ). Figure 11 depicts the development of the wind speed (1-minute mean and maximum gust) and the air pressure reduced to NN at the Seewetteramt (Maritime Weather Office) in Hamburg-St. Pauli. It shows impressively the strong increase in wind speed after the passing of the cold front at about 13 UTC (14 MEZ). The highest gust of 66.4 kn (122 km/h) was recorded at 14:35 UTC (15:35 MEZ). Fig. 10: Development of the wind speed (in km/h) at Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel on 28 October 2013. The sustained (10-minute) wind is coloured blue and highest gusts red. [Source: DWD] Fig. 11: Development of wind speed (in knots) and air pressure at Hamburg-St. Pauli on 28 October 2013. The sustained (1-minute) wind is coloured red brown, the highest gusts green and the air pressure light blue. [Source: DWD] 9 Storm surge in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg A storm surge alert was issued on account of CHRISTIAN. The water level at Hamburg- St. Pauli rose 1.74 m above the mean high water (Fig. 12) being not as high as suspected. © 2008 Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie Fig. 12: Current water level and forecast from 28 to 30 October 2013. [Source: BSH] There was also no severe storm surge in Schleswig-Holstein, and the damage to dykes was small. In a report of the Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume Schleswig-Holstein it says [text translated]: “In the evening hours of 28 October 2013, a storm surge occurred on the west coast and the Elbe. At the levels of Husum and Eiderstedt, the maximum water level exceeded the mean high tide by more than two metres. At other discharge sites in the Elbe, the maximum water levels were about 1.7 metres above the mean high tide. On the islands and Halligen in the North Friesian Wadden Sea as well as in the region of Dithmarschen, the maximum water levels were just below 1.5 metres above the mean high tide. ... On the west coast of Sylt losses of the foredunes occurred and in some areas on Amrum low sand losses.“ Peak gusts and 10-minute sustained winds in Germany on 28 October 2013 Table 1 specifies peak gusts of Bft 11 (103 to 117 km/h) and Bft 12 (118 km/h or higher) rec- orded at German weather stations on 28 October, ordered by size, as well as the maximum sustained (10-minute) winds at these stations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Status, Threats and Conservation of Birds in the German Wadden Sea
    Status, threats and conservation of birds in the German Wadden Sea Technical Report Impressum – Legal notice © 2010, NABU-Bundesverband Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) e.V. www.NABU.de Charitéstraße 3 D-10117 Berlin Tel. +49 (0)30.28 49 84-0 Fax +49 (0)30.28 49 84-20 00 [email protected] Text: Hermann Hötker, Stefan Schrader, Phillip Schwemmer, Nadine Oberdiek, Jan Blew Language editing: Richard Evans, Solveigh Lass-Evans Edited by: Stefan Schrader, Melanie Ossenkop Design: Christine Kuchem (www.ck-grafik-design.de) Printed by: Druckhaus Berlin-Mitte, Berlin, Germany EMAS certified, printed on 100 % recycled paper, certified environmentally friendly under the German „Blue Angel“ scheme. First edition 03/2010 Available from: NABU Natur Shop, Am Eisenwerk 13, 30519 Hannover, Germany, Tel. +49 (0)5 11.2 15 71 11, Fax +49 (0)5 11.1 23 83 14, [email protected] or at www.NABU.de/Shop Cost: 2.50 Euro per copy plus postage and packing payable by invoice. Item number 5215 Picture credits: Cover picture: M. Stock; small pictures from left to right: F. Derer, S. Schrader, M. Schäf. Status, threats and conservation of birds in the German Wadden Sea 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 Technical Report 2 The German Wadden Sea as habitat for birds .......................................................................... 5 2.1 General description of the German Wadden Sea area .....................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Change of Mean Tidal Peaks and Range Due to Estuarine Waterway Deepening
    Change of mean tidal peaks and range due to estuarine waterway deepening Hanz D. Niemeyer1 Abstract: The deepening of estuarine waterways enforces essential changes of mean tidal water level peaks and range. Legal requirements ask for their determination by preservation of evidence. A method has been established to evaluate these effects quantitatively by statistical tools for each measure, even in the case of subsequent deepenings. Intruction Deepening of estuarine waterways enforce there changes of tidal water levels. They start immediately after deepening but continue after execution of dredging for a certain per- iod of time being necessary for the development of a new dynamical equilibrium between estuarine geometry and tides. The order of magni- tude of changes of mean tidal water levels is particu- larly of importance for water management and eco- logical zonation but is also regarded as a primary indi- cation for changes of tidal currents, salinity and storm surge levels. Therefore the quantitative determination of changes of mean tidal Fig. 1: Elbe estuary, southern North Sea 1 Coastal Research Station of the Lower Saxonian Central State Board for Ecology, P.O. Box 1221, 26534 Norderney/East Frisia, Germany 3307 3308 COASTAL ENGINEERING 1998 peaks and tidal range due to waterway deepening is given high priority in order to qualify its impacts. This is not only necessary for planning purposes but also for the environmental assessment studies and for the later preservation of evidence procedure due to legal require- ments in Germany. Preservation of evidence gets increasingly difficult if subsequent deepen- ings have been carried out and their impacts are still continuing at the beginning of the suc- cessive one.
    [Show full text]
  • Port Tariff Norden
    Port Tariff for the ports managed by Niedersachsen Ports GmbH & Co. KG Baltrum, Bensersiel, Langeoog, Norddeich, Norderney and Wangerooge effective as of 1/1/2021 Contents General Provisions ............................................................................................................................ 2 I. Scope of Application - Port Fees ................................................................................................... 2 II. Definitions/Concepts ........................................................................................................................ 3 Harbor Dues (Ship-Related Fees) .................................................................................................. 6 I. Definition/General ............................................................................................................................ 6 II. Harbor Dues for Oceangoing Vessels ......................................................................................... 6 III. Harbor Dues for Special Water Crafts ....................................................................................... 7 IV. Harbor Dues for Barges ................................................................................................................ 7 V. Harbor Dues for Inland Waterway Passenger Ships ............................................................... 8 VI. Harbor Dues for Passenger Ships ............................................................................................. 8 VII. Harbor Dues for
    [Show full text]
  • Improved Estimates of Mean Sea Level Changes in the South-Eastern North Sea Since 1843
    IMPROVED ESTIMATES OF MEAN SEA LEVEL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN NORTH SEA SINCE 1843 Jürgen Jensen1, Thomas Wahl1 and Torsten Frank1 Keywords: German Bight, regional sea level changes, tide gauge data, vertical land movements This contribution focuses on presenting the results from analysing mean sea level changes in the German Bight, the south-eastern part of the North Sea. Data sets from 13 tide gauges covering the entire German North Sea coastline and the period from 1843 to 2008 have been used to estimate high quality mean sea level time series. The overall results from nonlinear smoothing and linear trend estimations for different time spans are presented. Time series from single tide gauges are analysed as well as different ‘virtual station’ time series. An accelerated sea level rise in the German Bight is detected for a period at the end of the 19th century and for another one covering the last decades. In addition, different patterns of sea level change are found in the German Bight compared to global patterns, highlighting the urgent need to derive reliable regional sea level projections to be considered in coastal planning strategies. 1. INTRODUCTION Changing sea levels are one of the major concerns we have to deal with in times of a warming climate. Many authors recently studied observed global sea level changes based on tide gauge or altimetry data (e.g. Cazenave et al. 2008; Church and White 2006; Church et al. 2008; Domingues et al. 2008; Woodworth et al. 2009; Wöppelmann et al. 2009) and future projections have been assessed through numerical model studies (summarised in Meehl et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Correction of Water Column Height Variation on 2D Grid High-Resolution
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Correction of water column height variation on 2D grid high‑resolution seismic data using dGPS based methodology Ayobami Abegunrin1*, Daniel A. Hepp1 & Tobias Mörz1,2 Variations in the physical properties of water column usually impede exact water column height correction on high‑resolution seismic data, especially when the data are collected in shallow marine environments. Changes in water column properties can be attributed to variation in tides and currents, wind‑generated swells, long and short amplitude wave‑fronts, or variation in salinity and water temperature. Likewise, the proper motion of the vessel complicates the determinability of the water column height. This study provides a less time‑consuming and precise diferential Global Positioning System based methodology that can be applied to most types of high‑resolution seismic data in order to signifcantly improve the tracking and quality of deduced geological interpretations on smaller depth scales. The methodology was tested on geophysical profles obtained from the German sector of the North Sea. The focus here was to identify, distinguish and classify various sub‑surface sedimentary structures in a stratigraphically highly complex shallow marine environment on decimeter small‑scale. After applying the correction to the profles, the sea foor, in general, occurs 1.1 to 3.4 m (mean of 2.2 m) deeper than the uncorrected profles and is consistent with the sea foor from published tide corrected bathymetry data. The corrected seismic profles were used in plotting the depth of the base of Holocene channel structures and to defne their gradients. The applied correction methodology was also crucial in glacial and post‑glacial valley features distinction, across profle correlation and establishing structural and stratigraphic framework of the study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Küste 84
    Die Küste, 84 (2016), 95-118 Sedimentologische Untersuchungen auf den Halligen Volker Karius, Malte Schindler, Matthias Deicke und Hilmar von Eynatten Zusammenfassung Die nordfriesischen Halligen und niedrige Bereiche der ostfriesischen Inselmarschen ste- hen vor der Herausforderung steigender Wasserstände (relative mean sea level, RMSL, mean tidal high water, MThw, highest tidal high water, HThw). Quantitative Aussagen über das natürliche Anpassungspotential der regelmäßig überfluteten Bereiche zu treffen war das Ziel des Teilprojektes D (03KIS095) im Verbundprojekt „ZukunftHallig“ (JENSEN et al. 2016). Mittlere Sedimentaufwuchsraten im Zeitraum 1986–2011 belaufen sich auf 1.4±0.6 mm/a (Hooge), 1.6±0.7 mm/a (Langeneß) und 3.2±1.6 mm/a (Nord- strandischmoor). Auf den ostfriesischen Inseln wurden im Zeitraum 2011-2013 mittlere Raten von 2.4±1.0 mm/a (Norderney, östlicher Grohdepolder) und 0.75±0.25 mm/a (Juist, südlicher Billpolder) gemessen. Dem steht ein Anstieg des RMSL gegenüber, der derzeit 2.6 mm/a (Pegel Wyk auf Föhr) beträgt bzw. ein Anstieg des MThw von 5.0 mm/a (Pegel Wyk auf Föhr). Durch die Diskrepanz zwischen Höhenentwicklung der Halligmarschen und der Wasserstandsentwicklung resultieren steigende hydrodynamische Belastungen auf die Marschen und die Warften. Diese bestehen aus höheren Wasserstän- den während eines Landunters sowie einem potentiell höheren Wellengang. Die Sedi- mentakkumulation auf den Halligen Hooge und Langeneß wird maßgeblich von der An- zahl an Sturmfluten gesteuert, die eine Höhe von 1.54 m über MThw überschreiten. Die Hallig Nordstrandischmoor profitiert dagegen auch von Überflutungen mit geringeren Wasserständen. Sedimente werden auf Langeneß bevorzugt dicht hinter der Uferlinie ab- gelagert, auf Hooge liegen die Gebiete mit hoher Sedimentdeposition in der Nähe der Sieltore, während auf Nordstrandischmoor die Sedimente weitgehend gleichmäßig über die Fläche verteilt werden.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Heritage of German Coastal Engineering
    HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF GERMAN COASTAL ENGINEERING Hanz D. Niemeyer, Hartmut Eiben, Hans Rohde Reprint from: Copyright, American Society of Civil Engineers HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF GERMAN COASTAL ENGINEERING Hanz D. Niemeyer1, Hartmut Eiben2, Hans Rohde3 ABSTRACT: Coastal engineering in Germany has a long tradition basing on elementary requirements of coastal inhabitants for survival, safety of goods and earning of living. Initial purely empirical gained knowledge evolved into a system providing a technical and scientific basis for engineering measures. In respect of distinct geographical boundary conditions, coastal engineering at the North and the Baltic Sea coasts developed a fairly autonomous behavior as well in coastal protection and waterway and harbor engineering. Emphasis in this paper has been laid on highlighting those kinds of pioneering in German coastal engineering which delivered a basis that is still valuable for present work. INTRODUCTION The Roman historian Pliny visited the German North Sea coast in the middle of the first century A. D. He reported about a landscape being flooded twice within 24 hours which could be as well part of the sea as of the land. He was concerned about the inhabitants living on earth hills adjusted to the flood level by experience. Pliny must have visited this area after a severe storm surge during tides with a still remarkable set-up [WOEBCKEN 1924]. This is the first known document of human constructions called ‘Warft’ in Frisian (Fig. 1). If the coastal areas are flooded due to a storm surge, these hills remained Figure 1. Scheme of a ‘warft’ with a single building and its adaptions to higher storm surge levels between 300 and 1100 A.D.; adapted from KRÜGER [1938] 1) Coastal Research Station of the Lower Saxonian Central State Board for Ecology, Fledderweg 25, 26506 Norddeich / East Frisia, Germany, email: [email protected] 2) State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests of Schleswig-Holstein.
    [Show full text]
  • WADDEN SEA (Extension of the “Wadden Sea”, Germany / Netherlands)
    EUROPE / NORTH AMERICA WADDEN SEA (Extension of the “Wadden Sea”, Germany / Netherlands) DENMARK / GERMANY Denmark / Germany – Wadden Sea WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION WADDEN SEA (DENMARK / GERMANY) – ID No. 1314 Ter IUCN RECOMMENDATION TO WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: To approve the extension under natural criteria. Key paragraphs of Operational Guidelines: Paragraph 77: Nominated property meets World Heritage criteria. Paragraph 78: Nominated property meets integrity or protection and management requirements. Background note: In 1988 Germany nominated the mudflats of the Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony for World Heritage inscription. The Committee, at its 13th Session (Paris, 1989), recommended that the nomination of this property be deferred until a fully revised nomination of the Wadden Sea was submitted jointly by Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. In 2008 Germany and the Netherlands resubmitted a joint nomination and the Committee, at its 33rd Session (Seville, 2009), inscribed the Wadden Sea (Germany/Netherlands), on the World Heritage List under natural criteria (viii), (ix) and (x) (decision 33 COM 8B.4), covering an area of 968,393 ha. In 2010 Germany and the Netherlands submitted a Minor Boundary Modification to include the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park (13,611 ha) which was approved by the Committee at its 35th Session (Paris, 2011, decision 35COM 8B.47). Thus the property now covers an area of 982,004 ha. The Committee, at its 33rd Session (Seville, 2009) and at its 35th Session (Paris, 2011) encouraged the States Parties of Germany and the Netherlands to work with the State Party of Denmark and consider the potential for nominating an extension of the property to include the Danish Wadden Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 167: 25-36, 1998 Published June 18 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Long-term changes in macrofaunal communities off Norderney (East Frisia, Germany) in relation to climate variability 'Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Abteilung fiir Meeresforschung, Schleusenstr. 39a, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 'Max-Planck-Institut fiir Meteorologic, Bundesstr. 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany 3GKSS, Institut fiir Gewasserphysik, Max-Planck-Strasse, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany ABSTRACT: Macrofaunal samples were collected seasonally from 1978 to 1995 in the subtidal zone off Norderney, one of the East Frisian barrier islands. Samples were taken with a 0.2 m' van Veen grab at 5 sites with water depths of 10 to 20 m. Interannual variability in biomass, abundance and species number of the blota were related to interannual climate variability using multivariate regression models. Changes in the biota were described in relation to human impact and seasonal and long-term meteorological variability. Our analyses suggest that macrofaunal comnlunities are severely affected by cold winters, whereas storms and hot summers have no impact on the communiti~sIt appears that mild meteorological conditions, probably actlng In conjunction with eutrophicatlon, have resulted in an Increase in total biomass since 1989 A multlvariate model found the follo~vingstrong relationship: abundance, species number and [less clear) blomass in the second quarter are correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The med~atorbetween the NAO and benthos IS probably the sea- surface temperature (SST) in late wlnter and early spring. On the basis of our results, we suggest that most of the interannual variab~l~ty111 macrozoobenthos can be explained by climate var~ability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Violent Mid Latitude Storm Hitting Northern Germany and Denmark, 28 October 2013 (With F
    Dagebüll, Northern Frisia, 28 October, 14:00 The violent mid latitude storm hitting Northern Germany and Denmark, 28 October 2013 (with F. Feser, C. Lefebvre and M. Stendel as coauthors) H. von Storch, F. Feser, C. Lefebvre and M. Stendel (Institut für Küstenforschung, HZG; Seewetteramt, DWD, Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut DMI) Conference "Climate Change - the environmental and socio-economic response in the Southern Baltic Region -II", Szczecin, Poland • German name: Christian Storm Christian / Allan • Danish name: Allan Based on • von Storch, H., F. Feser, S. Haeseler, C. Lefebvre and M. Stendel: A violent mid- latitude storm in Northern Germany and Denmark, 28 October 2013, submitted • Woetmann Nielsen, N., 2014: To ”efterårsstorme” i 2013. Vejret 138, 2-13 • Haeseler, S., and C. Lefebvre, 2013: Orkantief CHRISTIAN am 28. Oktober 2013, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 13. November 2013 Surface pressure map oof FU Berlin, 28 October 2013, 12 UTC Satellite imagery 28 October 2013, 14:02 UTC. Woetmann Nielsen, 2013 Station Höhe (m) max. Böe (Km/h) Kiel-Holtenau111,6 27 Sankt Peter-Ording 5 171,72 Bastorf-Kägsdorf (SWN) 51 111,24 UFS Deutsche Bucht 0 168,48 Zugspitze 2964 109,08 Putlos 5 108,72 Strucklahnungshörn 7 165,96 Brake 1 108,72 Brocken 1142 162,36 Itzehoe 21 108,72 Hallig Hooge 4 162 Schwerin 59 106,92 Büsum 7 158,76 Groß Lüsewitz 34 106,92 List auf Sylt 26 157,32 Friesoythe-Altenoythe 5,7 106,56 Spiekeroog (SWN) 14 157,32 Fichtelberg 1213 106,56 Borkum-Süderstraße 11,6 148,32 Dörnick 26,3 106,2 Bremervörde 10 105,12 Helgoland 4 147,24 Emden 0 104,76 Schönhagen (Ostseebad) 2 143,64 Putbus 39,5 104,04 Norderney 11 136,44 Verlauf von Windgeschwindigkeit und Luftdruck in Flensburg (Schäferhaus) 41 131,76 Hamburg St.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore Wind Resource Assessment with Wasp And
    WIND ENERGY Wind Energ. 2007; 10:121–134 Published online 13 December 2006 in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/we.212 Research Offshore Wind Resource Assessment Article with WAsP and MM5: Comparative Study for the German Bight Barbara Jimenez, For Wind—Center for Wind Energy Research, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Francesco Durante, DEWI—Deutsches Windenergie-Institut, Wilhelmshaven, Germany Bernhard Lange*, R&D Division Information and Energy Economy, ISET—Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik, Koenigstor 59, D-34119 Kassel, Germany Torsten Kreutzer, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany Jens Tambke, For Wind—Center for Wind Energy Research, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Key words: In this study,two different approaches to estimate the wind resource over the German Bight wind resource in the North Sea are compared: the mesoscale meteorological model MM5 and the wind assessment, resource assessment program WAsP.The dynamics of the atmosphere of the year 2004 was mesoscale modelling, WAsP, offshore wind simulated with the MM5 model, with input from the NCEP global model, without directly resource utilizing measurement data. WAsP estimations were calculated on the basis of six mea- surement stations: three on islands, two offshore and one onshore.The annual mean wind speed at onshore,offshore and island sites is estimated by both models.The predictions are compared both with each other and with measured data.A spatial comparison of the wind resource calculated by the two models is made by means of a geographical information system.The results show that the accuracy of the WAsP predictions depends mainly on the measurement station used as input.
    [Show full text]
  • National Parks in Germany: Wild and Beautiful
    NATIONAL PARKS IN GERMANY Wild and Beautiful Western-Pomerania Lagoons National Park Bavarian Forest National Park Jasmund National Park Im Forst 5 Freyunger Straße 2 Stubbenkammer 2 a D-18375 Born /Germany D-94481 Grafenau /Germany D-18546 Sassnitz /Germany Phone: +49 (0)38234 502-0, fax -24 Phone +49 (0)8552 9600-0, fax -100 Phone: +49 (0)38392 350-11, fax -54 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.nationalpark-vorpommersche- www.nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.de/english www.nationalpark-jasmund.de boddenlandschaft.de Berchtesgaden National Park Kellerwald-Edersee National Park Doktorberg 6 Laustraße 8 Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park D-83471 Berchtesgaden /Germany D-34537 Bad Wildungen /Germany Neuenfelder Straße 19 Phone: +49 (0)8652 9686-0, fax -40 Phone: +49 (0)5621 75249-0, fax -19 D-21109 Hamburg /Germany [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +49 (0)40 42840-3392, fax -3552 www.nationalpark-berchtesgaden.de www.nationalpark-kellerwald-edersee.de/en/home/ www.nationalpark-wattenmeer.de Müritz National Park Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park Eifel National Park Schloßplatz 3 Virchowstraße 1 Urftseestraße 34 D-17237 Hohenzieritz /Germany D-26382 Wilhelmshaven /Germany D-53937 Schleiden-Gemünd /Germany Phone: +49 (0)39824 252-0, fax -50 Phone: +49 (0)4421 911-0, fax -280 Phone: +49 (0)2444 9510-0, fax -85 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.mueritz-nationalpark.de/cms2/MNP_prod/ www.nationalpark-wattenmeer.de www.nationalpark-eifel.de/go/eifel/english.html MNP/en/Homepage/index.jsp www.nationalpark-wattenmeer-erleben.de Saxon Switzerland National Park Hainich National Park An der Elbe 4 Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park Bei der Marktkirche 9 D-01814 Bad Schandau /Germany Schlossgarten 1 D-99947 Bad Langensalza /Germany Phone: +49 (0)35022 900-600, fax -666 D-25832 Tönning /Germany Phone: +49 (0)361 5739140-00, fax -20 poststelle.sbs-nationalparkverwaltung@smul.
    [Show full text]