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WADDEN SEA (Extension of the “Wadden Sea”, Germany / Netherlands)

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WADDEN SEA (Extension of the “Wadden Sea”, Germany / Netherlands) EUROPE / NORTH AMERICA WADDEN SEA (Extension of the “Wadden Sea”, Germany / Netherlands) DENMARK / GERMANY Denmark / Germany – Wadden Sea WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION WADDEN SEA (DENMARK / GERMANY) – ID No. 1314 Ter IUCN RECOMMENDATION TO WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: To approve the extension under natural criteria. Key paragraphs of Operational Guidelines: Paragraph 77: Nominated property meets World Heritage criteria. Paragraph 78: Nominated property meets integrity or protection and management requirements. Background note: In 1988 Germany nominated the mudflats of the Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony for World Heritage inscription. The Committee, at its 13th Session (Paris, 1989), recommended that the nomination of this property be deferred until a fully revised nomination of the Wadden Sea was submitted jointly by Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. In 2008 Germany and the Netherlands resubmitted a joint nomination and the Committee, at its 33rd Session (Seville, 2009), inscribed the Wadden Sea (Germany/Netherlands), on the World Heritage List under natural criteria (viii), (ix) and (x) (decision 33 COM 8B.4), covering an area of 968,393 ha. In 2010 Germany and the Netherlands submitted a Minor Boundary Modification to include the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park (13,611 ha) which was approved by the Committee at its 35th Session (Paris, 2011, decision 35COM 8B.47). Thus the property now covers an area of 982,004 ha. The Committee, at its 33rd Session (Seville, 2009) and at its 35th Session (Paris, 2011) encouraged the States Parties of Germany and the Netherlands to work with the State Party of Denmark and consider the potential for nominating an extension of the property to include the Danish Wadden Sea. A range of additional recommendations were also made regarding the property, and the relevant decisions are 33 COM 8B.4 and 35COM 8B.47. In response to the World Heritage Committee’s recommendations, the State Parties of Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark submitted in January 2013 a nomination to extend the Wadden Sea World Heritage property (968,393ha), to include most of the Danish Wadden Sea Conservation Area, and a further area offshore of the German Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony. 1. DOCUMENTATION Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Goeldner, L. (1999). The German Wadden Sea coast: reclamation a) Date nomination received by IUCN: 20 March 2013 and environmental protection. Journal of Coastal Conservation 5:23-30. Hötker, H., Schrader, S., b) Additional information officially requested from Schwemmer, P., Oberdiek, N., and Blew, J. (2010). and provided by the State Party: Following the Status, threats and conservation of birds in the technical evaluation mission the State Party was German Wadden Sea. Technical Report NABU. JMBB requested to provide supplementary information on 13 (2013). Breeding Birds in Trouble: Preparation of an December 2013. The information was received on 26 action plan for proper management of threatened February 2014. breeding birds in the Wadden Sea. Joint Monitoring Breeding Bird Group Workshop Report, Wilhelmshaven. c) Additional literature consulted: Christensen, S. M. Kempf, N., and Kleefstra, R. (2013). Moulting Shelduck (2008). Case study 5 - Wadden Sea National Park in the Wadden Sea 2010 – 2012: Evaluation of three Pilot, Denmark. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, years of counts and recommendations for future Annex to Commissioned Report No. 271. Christensen, monitoring. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, S. M. (2008). Case study 4 - Wadden Sea National Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group and Joint Park - Schleswig- Holstein Area, Germany. Scottish Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Wadden. Natural Heritage Research, Annex to Commissioned Kröncke, I., Zeiss, B., and Rensing, C. (2001). Long- Report No. 271. Dettmann, C., and Enemark, J. (2009). term variability in macrofauna species composition The Wadden Sea wetlands: A multi-jurisdictional off the island of Norderney (East Frisia, Germany) in challenge. In Sustaining the world’s wetlands, ed. R.C. relation to changes in climatic and environmental Smardon, 21–56. Springer Science, New York. Ens, B. condition. Senckenbergiana Maritima 31: 65–82. J., Blew, J., van Roomen, M.W.J., and Turnhout van, Kröncke, I., Reiss, H., and Dippner, J.W. (2013). Effects C.A.M. (2009). Exploring contrasting trends of of cold winters and regime shifts on macrofauna migratory waterbirds in the Wadden Sea. Wadden communities in the southern North Sea. Estuarine, Sea Ecosystem No. 27. Common Wadden Sea Coastal and Shelf Science 119: 79-90. Laursen, K., Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Hounisen, J.P., Rasmussen, L.M., Frikke, J., Pihl, S., Group, Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Kahlert, J., Bak, M., and Amstrup, O. (2009). Rastende IUCN Evaluation Report – April 2014 43 Denmark / Germany – Wadden Sea vandfugle i Margrethe Kog og på forlandet vest for Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation; the Tøndermarsken, 1984-2007. Danmarks Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture, and Innovation, Miljøundersøgelser, Aarhus Universitet. 78 s. – Faglig Regional Policy Department North; Mayors of the rapport fra DMU nr. 702. Laursen, K., Blew, J., Tønder, Esbjerg, and Fanø Municipalities; Ornithological Eskildsen, K., Günther, K., Hälterlein, B., Kleefstra, R., Society; Hunters Association; Agricultural Society; Lüerssen, G., Potel, P., and Schrader, S. (2010). Military Commander; and many other stakeholders. Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1987- 2008. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No.30. Common Wadden Sea e) Field Visit: Dr Wendy Strahm and Dr Oliver Secretariat, Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in Avramoski, 19-23 August 2013 the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Laursen, K., Kristensen, P.S., and Clausen, P. (2010). f) Date of IUCN approval of this report: March 2014 Assessment of blue mussel Mytilus edulis fisheries and waterbird shellfish-predator management in the Danish Wadden Sea. Ambio 39: 476-485. Lotze, H. K., 2. SUMMARY OF NATURAL VALUES Reise, K, Worm, B, van Beusekom, J. E. E., Busch, M., Ehlers, A., Heinrich, D., Hoffmann, R. C., Holm, P., The Wadden Sea, which covers the intertidal zone in the Jensen, C., Knottnerus, O. S., Langhanki, N., Prummel, south-eastern part of the North Sea, is considered to W., Vollmer, M., and Wolff, W. J. (2005). Human represent the largest unbroken system of tidal sand and transformations of the Wadden Sea ecosystem mud flats worldwide with natural dynamic processes through time: a synthesis. Helgoland Marine proceeding in a widely unimpaired natural state. The Research, 59, 84-95. Marencic, H. (Ed.), 2009. The proposed extension encompasses and complements all Wadden Sea - Introduction. Thematic Report No. 1. In: the biophysical and ecosystem processes that Marencic, H. & Vlas, J. de (Eds), 2009. Quality Status characterise the Wadden Sea. It includes most of the Report 2009. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25. Common Danish Wadden Sea Conservation Area (DWSCA; Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and 121,616 ha) at the most northern part of the Wadden Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Sea, and an offshore extension of the Lower Saxony Rasmussen, L. M. (2008). The Danish Wadden Sea as Wadden Sea National Park, Germany (WSNPLS; 40,628 Breeding Ground and Crossroad for Birds. Dansk ha). The location and size of both the inscribed and Ornitologisk Forening, BirdLife Denmark. Reise, K., nominated component parts of the property were Baptist, M., Burbridge, P., Dankers, N., Fischer, L., provided in the nomination dossier (table 1). The total Flemming, B., Oost, A.P. and Smit, C. (2010). The area of the property if the proposed extension is Wadden Sea – a universally outstanding tidal approved will amount to 1,143,403 ha. No buffer zone to wetland. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 29. Common the nominated property is proposed. Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Pp. 7-24. van Roomen, M., Laursen, K., van Turnhout, C., The DWSCA was designated by Statutory Order on the van Winden, E., Blewc, J., Eskildsen, K., Günther, K., Nature and Wildlife Reserve Wadden Sea, 1982 and its Hälterlein, B., Kleefstra, R., Potel, P., Schrader, S., later amendments. The boundaries of this area are Luerssen, G., and Ens, B. J. (2012). Signals from the mostly delimited by man-made dikes along the mainland Wadden sea: Population declines dominate among coast and surrounding the three inhabited islands of waterbirds depending on intertidal mudflats. Ocean Rømø, Mandø and Fanø, with one small area inland of & Coastal Management 68: 79-88. Toonen, T. A. J. the dikes included (most of the artificially managed (2009). Good Governance for the Wadden: The wetland of Margrethe Kog which was reclaimed in 1982). organisation of decision-making for sustainability. In the few areas that are not diked, the area is delimited Paper written for presentation at the Workshop in by the highest daily water level including the high sands. Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Offshore the nominated property is delimited by the 3 (IU) Bloomington (IN), USA, June 3-6. Wolff, W.J., nautical sea mile boundary. The state boundary between Bakker, J.P., Laursen, K. and Reise, K. (2010). The Denmark and Germany constitutes the southern Wadden Sea Quality Status Report—Synthesis boundary of the proposed extension. In the north, the Report 2010. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 29. Common proposed extension includes the peninsula of Skallingen Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Pp. and the Ho Bay. Some of the state-owned parts of the 25-74. WWF (1991). The Common Future of the islands such as the beaches of Rømø are included in the Wadden Sea. World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF- nomination. The proposed extension does not include Wattenmeerstelle, Husun, Germany. the shipping lane to Esbjerg, the military exercise area on the island of Rømø, a small area around the Rømø d) Consultations: 7 desk reviews received. The mission harbour (as there are plans to enlarge the harbour) and also met with representatives from the Nature Agency, a small area in the northern part of the Margrethe Kog Denmark; from the Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, reclamation area.
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