Occurrence and Function of Natural Products in Plants – Michael Wink
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Applications of Pueraria Lobata in Treating Diabetics and Reducing Alcohol Drinking
Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (2019) 141–149 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chinese Herbal Medicines journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chmed Review Applications of Pueraria lobata in treating diabetics and reducing alcohol drinking ∗ Jing Liu a, Yeu-Ching Shi b, David Yue-Wei Lee a, a Bio-Organic and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA b Taiwan Indigena Botanica, Taipei 10684, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Pueraria lobata is one of the most important medicinal herbs used traditionally in China. According to Received 31 January 2018 Shanghan Lun ( Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease ), it has been used traditionally to relieve body heat, Revised 29 June 2018 eye soring, dry mouth, headache associated with high blood pressure, and stiff neck problems. Modern Accepted 19 December 2018 studies in the 1970s revealed that isoflavonoids extracted from P. lobata were the bioactive components Available online 5 April 2019 of an herbal remedy namely Yufeng Ningxin Tablets for the treatment of patients after stroke. This article Keywords: reviews recent application of P. lobota in the treatment of diabetics and in reducing alcohol drinking. In diabetics view of its low toxicity profile, P. lobota stands an excellent chance to be developed as a phytomedicine Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi for treating human diseases. reducing alcohol drinking ©2019 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Historical use of Pueraria lobata . -
Medicinal Plants & Their Importance
Фомина Т.Н. MEDICINAL PLANTS & THEIR IMPORTANCE РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ – МСХА имени К.А. ТИМИРЯЗЕВА [Введите название организации] Фомина Т.Н. 0 МОСКВА 2014 Т.Н. Фомина Английский язык в области производства и переработки лекарственных и эфиромасличных культур учебное пособие Рекомендовано к изданию учебно-методической комиссией факультета садоводства и ландшафтной архитектуры (протокол № 2 от 06 октября 2014 г.) ФГБОУ ВПО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Издательство РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва 2014 1 УДК 802.0[663.8+665.52/.54](075.8) ББК 81.432.1:42.14я73 Ф 76 Фомина Т.Н. Английский язык в области производства и переработки лекарственных и эфиромасличных культур – Medicinal plants & their importance. Professional English for cultivation and processing technology of medicinal and essential-oil plants: учебное пособие/ Т.Н. Фомина. – М.: Изд-во РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, 2014. 138 с. Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено магистрам и аспирантам аграрного вуза, обучающихся по программе подготовки "Технологии производства продукции овощных и лекарственных растений" для направления 35.04.05 "Садоводство", а также студентам и аспирантам всех форм обучения агрономических специальностей и пограничных дисциплин сельскохозяйственных вузов и слушателям дополнительной образовательной программы «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации». Рецензенты: Попченко М.И., к.б.н., доцент кафедры ботаники - РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Буковский С.Л., к. пед. н., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков - РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева © Фомина Т.Н. © ФГБОУ ВПО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, 2014 2 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 4 Part I: Plants and people 6 Part II: Plants & their importance as alternative medicine 13 Part III: Classification of medicinal plants 25 Part IV: Plants list 37 Part V: Cultivation and management 53 Part VI: Obtaining raw material 62 Part VII: Industrial use 77 Part VIII: Essencial oils 89 Part IX: Standards and quality control. -
On Adulteration of Hydrastis Canadensis Root and Rhizome by Michael Tims, Phd Maryland University of Integrative Health, 7750 Montpelier Road, Laurel, MD 20723
on Adulteration of Hydrastis canadensis root and rhizome By Michael Tims, PhD Maryland University of Integrative Health, 7750 Montpelier Road, Laurel, MD 20723 Correspondence: e-mail Keywords: Hydrastis canadensis, goldenseal root, adulterant, adulteration Goal: The goal of this bulletin is to provide information and/or updates on issues regarding adulteration of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) root to the international herbal industry and extended natural products community in general. It is intended to present the available data on occurrence of adulteration, the market situa- tion, and consequences for the consumer and the industry. 1 General Information 1.1 Common name: Goldenseal1,2 1.2 Other common names: English: Yellow root, yellow puccoon, ground raspberry, wild curcuma*, Indian dye, eye root, eye balm, Indian paint, jaundice root, Warnera3,4 French: Hydraste du Canada, hydraste, fard inolien, framboise de terre, sceau d’or5 German: Goldsiegelwurzel, Kanadische Gelbwurz, Kanadische Orangenwurzel5 Italian: Idraste, radice gialla6 Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis Spanish: Hidrastis, hidrastis de Canadá, raíz de oro, scello de Photo ©2016 Steven Foster oro5 1.3 Accepted Latin binomial: Hydrastis canadensis7,8 1.4 Botanical family: Ranunculaceae 1.5 Plant part and form: Whole fresh or dry roots and rhizomes, powdered dry roots and rhizomes, hydroalcoholic and glycerin-water extracts and powdered dry extracts.9,10 Dried whole or powdered roots and rhizomes complying with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) are required to contain -
Phenolics in Human Health
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 5, October 2014 Phenolics in Human Health T. Ozcan, A. Akpinar-Bayizit, L. Yilmaz-Ersan, and B. Delikanli with proteins. The high antioxidant capacity makes Abstract—Recent research focuses on health benefits of polyphenols as an important key factor which is involved in phytochemicals, especially antioxidant and antimicrobial the chemical defense of plants against pathogens and properties of phenolic compounds, which is known to exert predators and in plant-plant interferences [9]. preventive activity against infectious and degenerative diseases, inflammation and allergies via antioxidant, antimicrobial and proteins/enzymes neutralization/modulation mechanisms. Phenolic compounds are reactive metabolites in a wide range of plant-derived foods and mainly divided in four groups: phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and tannins. They work as terminators of free radicals and chelators of metal ions that are capable of catalyzing lipid oxidation. Therefore, this review examines the functional properties of phenolics. Index Terms—Health, functional, phenolic compounds. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, fruits and vegetables receive considerable interest depending on type, number, and mode of action of the different components, so called as “phytochemicals”, for their presumed role in the prevention of various chronic diseases including cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Plants are rich sources of functional dietary micronutrients, fibers and phytochemicals, such -
The First Comprehensive Phylogeny of Coptis (Ranunculaceae) and Its Implications for Character Evolution and Classification
RESEARCH ARTICLE The First Comprehensive Phylogeny of Coptis (Ranunculaceae) and Its Implications for Character Evolution and Classification Kun-Li Xiang1,2, Sheng-Dan Wu3, Sheng-Xian Yu1, Yang Liu4, Florian Jabbour5, Andrey S. Erst6,7, Liang Zhao8, Wei Wang1*, Zhi-Duan Chen1 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China, 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China, 3 College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China, 4 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269–3043, United States of America, 5 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75005, France, 6 Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya str. 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, 7 Laboratory of Systematics and Phylogeny of Plants, National Research Tomsk State University, prospekt Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, 8 College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Xiang K-L, Wu S-D, Yu S-X, Liu Y, Jabbour F, Erst AS, et al. (2016) The First Comprehensive Abstract Phylogeny of Coptis (Ranunculaceae) and Its Implications for Character Evolution and Coptis (Ranunculaceae) contains 15 species and is one of the pharmaceutically most Classification. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153127. important plant genera in eastern Asia. Understanding of the evolution of morphological doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153127 characters and phylogenetic relationships within the genus is very limited. -
The Use of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Graduate School Professional Papers 2010 The seU of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities Joshua Bryant Phillips The University of Montana Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Recommended Citation Phillips, Joshua Bryant, "The sU e of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities" (2010). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1100. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1100 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE USE OF NATURAL PRODUCT SUBSTRATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LIBRARIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE, NEW CHEMICAL ENTITIES by Joshua Bryant Phillips B.S. Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, 2002 B.S. Microbiology (health pre-professional), Northern Arizona University, 2002 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Chemistry The University of Montana June 2010 Phillips, Joshua Bryant Ph.D., June 2010 Chemistry THE USE OF NATURAL PRODUCT SUBSTRATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LIBRARIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE, NEW CHEMICAL ENTITIES Advisor: Dr. Nigel D. Priestley Chairperson: Dr. Bruce Bowler ABSTRACT Since Alexander Fleming first noted the killing of a bacterial culture by a mold, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, being able to treat, and often cure life-threatening illnesses and making surgical procedures possible by eliminating the possibility of opportunistic infection. -
Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites)
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem, R. Jones, Eds. © 2000, American Society of Plant Physiologists CHAPTER 24 Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites) Rodney Croteau Toni M. Kutchan Norman G. Lewis CHAPTER OUTLINE Introduction Introduction Natural products have primary ecological functions. 24.1 Terpenoids 24.2 Synthesis of IPP Plants produce a vast and diverse assortment of organic compounds, 24.3 Prenyltransferase and terpene the great majority of which do not appear to participate directly in synthase reactions growth and development. These substances, traditionally referred to 24.4 Modification of terpenoid as secondary metabolites, often are differentially distributed among skeletons limited taxonomic groups within the plant kingdom. Their functions, 24.5 Toward transgenic terpenoid many of which remain unknown, are being elucidated with increas- production ing frequency. The primary metabolites, in contrast, such as phyto- 24.6 Alkaloids sterols, acyl lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and organic acids, are 24.7 Alkaloid biosynthesis found in all plants and perform metabolic roles that are essential 24.8 Biotechnological application and usually evident. of alkaloid biosynthesis Although noted for the complexity of their chemical structures research and biosynthetic pathways, natural products have been widely per- 24.9 Phenylpropanoid and ceived as biologically insignificant and have historically received lit- phenylpropanoid-acetate tle attention from most plant biologists. Organic chemists, however, pathway metabolites have long been interested in these novel phytochemicals and have 24.10 Phenylpropanoid and investigated their chemical properties extensively since the 1850s. phenylpropanoid-acetate Studies of natural products stimulated development of the separa- biosynthesis tion techniques, spectroscopic approaches to structure elucidation, and synthetic methodologies that now constitute the foundation of 24.11 Biosynthesis of lignans, lignins, contemporary organic chemistry. -
Natural Products. a History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development
Natural Products. A History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development Gordon M. Cragg NIH Special Volunteer [email protected] David J. Newman Natural Products Branch Developmental Therapeutics Program National Cancer Institute EARLY DOCUMENTATION OF USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/collections/archives/index.html • Mesopotamian ~2,600 B. C. E. • Egyptian ~ 1,800 B. C. E. • Chinese – ~1,100 B. C. E. and continuing • Indian ~ 1,000 B. C. E. and continuing • Greek ~ 500 B. C. E. Greco-Roman expertise preserved and coordinated with other traditions by Islamic cultures during the Dark Ages ~ 400-1,100 CE Avicenna. Persian pharmacist, physician, poet, philosopher author: canon medicinae – “final codification of Greco-Roman medicine” Great Moments in Pharmacy Collection APhA Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery • 80% of the world population resides in developing countries • 80% of people in developing countries utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs • Global pop. ca. 7 billion ca. 4.5 billion people utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs Farnsworth NR, et al. Medicinal Plants in Therapy. Bull. W.H.O. 63:965-981 (1985) Fabricant and Farnsworth, EnViron. Health Perspect. 109, 69-75 (2001) Cordell and Clovard, J. Nat. Prod., 75, 514-525 (2012) Norman Farnsworth 1800s. Discovery of some active principles of major herbal preparations Newman and Cragg. Natural Product Chemistry for Drug Discovery, eds. Buss and Butler, M. S., Royal Soc. Chem., Cambridge, 2010, pp. 3-27 European chemists (apothecaries) revolutionized drug discovery and development. 1817. Sertϋrner reports isolation of morphine from Papaver somniferum. -
Chemical Investigations of Fungal Natural Products for Drug Discovery Danielle H
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School July 2017 Chemical Investigations of Fungal Natural Products for Drug Discovery Danielle H. Demers University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Scholar Commons Citation Demers, Danielle H., "Chemical Investigations of Fungal Natural Products for Drug Discovery" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6825 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chemical Investigations of Fungal Natural Products for Drug Discovery by Danielle H. Demers A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Bill J. Baker, Ph.D. Lindsey N. Shaw, Ph.D. James W. Leahy, Ph.D. Edward Turos, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 27, 2017 Keywords: screening, epigenetic modification, Phomopsis , Penicillium , ESKAPE, leishmaniasis Copyright © 2017, Danielle H. Demers Dedication This work is wholehear tedly dedicated to my incredible family. To say I wish to thank my parents, Chris and Sharon, hardly sounds like enough . In my entire life, t hese two have never doubted me for one second. I would not be the person I am today without their ceaseless support, enc ouragement, sacrifice, and love. Truly, this body of work would not exist were it not for all the phone calls, packages, emails, and visits that made Florida feel a little less far f rom home over the past 6 years. -
Plant Secondary Metabolites: an Opportunity for Circular Economy
molecules Review Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy Ilaria Chiocchio , Manuela Mandrone * , Paola Tomasi, Lorenzo Marincich and Ferruccio Poli Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (I.C.); [email protected] (P.T.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (F.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0512091294 Abstract: Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by- products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on Citation: Chiocchio, I.; Mandrone, neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, M.; Tomasi, P.; Marincich, L.; Poli, F. -
The Role of Genetic Engineering in Natural Product-Based Anticancer Drug Discovery
Chapter 7 The Role of Genetic Engineering in Natural Product-Based Anticancer Drug Discovery Claudia Eva-Maria Unsin , Scott R. Rajski, and Ben Shen Abstract Genetic engineering is the process of altering, in a premeditated fashion, the genetic makeup of an organism and has started to play an increasing role in the production and development of clinically signi fi cant antitumor compounds. Genes can be introduced into the microbial producer of medicinally relevant secondary metabolites or inactivated to achieve changes in the metabolic pro fi le. The pharma- ceutical use of natural products with anticancer activity is most often limited by factors such as low production titers or poor solubility. Genetic engineering has provided an alternative to circumvent such dif fi culties by affording recombinant strains capable of high titers, as well as, recombinant strains able to produce novel analogs with characteristics superior to those of the parent natural product. This chapter highlights recent genetic engineering advances that have been successfully applied to the development of natural product and natural product-based anticancer agents. Titer improvement and combinatorial biosynthesis in actinomycetes to produce new compounds will be discussed in detail. C. Eva-Maria Unsin • S. R. Rajski School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Wisconsin , 777 Highland Avenue , Madison , WI 53705-2222 , USA e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] B. Shen (*) Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, #3A1 , Jupiter , FL 33458 , USA e-mail: [email protected] F.E. -
Antimicrobial Natural Products: an Update on Future Antibiotic Drug Candidates
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue REVIEW www.rsc.org/npr | Natural Product Reports Antimicrobial natural products: an update on future antibiotic drug candidates Muhammad Saleem,*a Mamona Nazir,a Muhammad Shaiq Ali,b Hidayat Hussain,c Yong Sup Lee,d Naheed Riaza and Abdul Jabbara Received 13th August 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 25th November 2009 DOI: 10.1039/b916096e Covering: 2000 to 2008 Over the last decade, it has become clear that antimicrobial drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the evolution of pathogen resistance. There is therefore a continuing need to search for new antibiotics, especially as new drugs only rarely reach the market. Natural products are both fundamental sources of new chemical diversity and integral components of today’s pharmaceutical compendium, and the aim of this review is to explore and highlight the diverse natural products that have potential to lead to more effective and less toxic antimicrobial drugs. Although more than 300 natural metabolites with antimicrobial activity have been reported in the period 2000–2008, this review will describe only those with potentially useful antimicrobial activity, viz. with MICs in the range 0.02–10 mgmLÀ1. A total of 145 compounds from 13 structural classes are discussed, and over 100 references are cited. 1 Introduction resistance against them, a problem compounded by the fact that 2 Alkaloids new drugs only rarely reach the market. Moreover, bacteria can 3 Acetylenes acquire drug resistance in a multitude of ways, so getting 4 Coumarins around the resistance problem is not a straightforward matter.