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Irsko Beara Peninsula Letní Pobyty 2016

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Irsko Beara Peninsula Letní Pobyty 2016 www.jekacs.cz, e-mail: [email protected] PRŮVODCE PRO VEDOUCÍHO SKUPINY DOPLNĚK IRSKO BEARA PENINSULA LETNÍ POBYTY 2016 JEKA–CS, K Lomu 889, 252 29 Dobřichovice, Praha západ, tel. 257 712 049, 602 398 263, 602 215 376, fax: 257 710 307, 257 710 388 V této části Průvodce naleznete podrobné informace a popisy městeček a obcí, přírodních zajímavostí, tras, památek megalitických, keltských i křesťanských, i poznámky k mytologii. Na své denní výlety si tak můžete vzít s sebou vždy jen několik stránek týkajících se vašich cílů. POLOOSTROV BEARA PENINSULA ..................................................................................................... 3 OBCE A MĚSTA NA POLOOSTROVĚ BEARA ...................................................................................... 11 OSTROVY BANTRY BAY A TRAJEKTY ............................................................................................... 28 BEARA WAY - PAMÁTKY A ZAJÍMAVOSTI NA TRASE ....................................................................... 42 PŘÍRODNÍ REZERVACE GLENGARRIFF ............................................................................................ 55 TURISTICKÉ CÍLE V MÍSTECH UBYTOVÁNÍ ...................................................................................... 58 DALŠÍ ZAJÍMAVÉ CÍLE NA TRASE DO/Z UBYTOVÁNÍ....................................................................... 61 WHISKEY A PIVO .................................................................................................................................. 63 DUBLIN……………. .............................................................................................................................. 64 Přílohou textových Průvodců jsou samostatné mapy: 1:50 000 - turistická mapa poloostrova Beara Peninsula a okolí, s vyznačenou trasou Beara Way. Mapy ostrovů nacházejících se v zálivu Beara Bay: Dursey Island, Bere Island, Whiddy Island a Garrinish Island s vyznačenými trasami a památkami. 2 POLOOSTROV BEARA PENINSULA Beara Peninsula Beara (irsky: Béarra) nebo Beara Peninsula je poloostrov na jihozápadním pobřeží Irska, ohraničený zálivem Kenmare Bay (nebo také Kenmare River) na severní straně a zálivem Bantry Bay na jihu. Od pevniny se odděluje v linii ústí řek Roughty na severu a Coomhola na jihu. Severní část poloostrova, od města Kenmare do obce Ardgroom je součástí hrabství Kerry, zatímco zbytek přináleží baronství Bantry v hrabství Cork. Historie jména Beara Podle legeny, v prvních stoletích našeho letopočtu, Conn Céad Cathach (Con ze sta bitev) bojoval divokou bitvu proti Owen Mór, král Irska na Cloch Barraige. Owen byl těžce zraněn v bitvě. Ti z jeho následovníků, kteří přežili, ho převezli do Inis Greaghraighe (nyní známé jako Bere Island), bezpečného místa pro zotavení. Zde ho víla Eadaoin ho vzala k sobě do „grianán“ (altánek), kde ho ošetřovala, dokud nebyl zase zdravý. Toto místo má dnes jméno Greenane. Owen a jeho následovníci pak se plavili jih, až dorazili do Španělska. Zde se Owen setkal s dcerou krále Kastilie, Hebera Móra, s Bearou a oženil se s ní. Později se Owen a Beara s velkou armáda se plavili nazpět a přistáli v Greenane. Owen vzal svou ženu na nejvyšší kopec na ostrově a při pohledu přes přístav nazval ostrov i celý poloostrov "Beara" na počest své manželky. Rossmacowen, Kilmacowen a Buaile Owen jsou s největší pravděpodobností pojmenovány po synech Owena Móra. Podle místní tradice Owenova manželka, princezna Beara, byla pohřbena v Ballard Commons, v odlehlém a klidném údolí mezi horami Maulin a Knocknagree. Poloha poloostrova Poloostrov probíhá ve směru od severovýchodu na jihozápad, jeho maximální délka je 51 km a maximální šířka 18 km. Minimální šířka je jen 0,5 km v oblasti mysu Crow Head. Směrem na jihozápad se poloostrov postupně zužuje a v západní části poloostrova vybíhají do oceánu malé poloostrovy zakočené mysy - Cod's Head, Black Ball Head, Garnish Point a Crow Head. Pobřeží je velmi členité, do pevniny se zařezávají mnohé zátoky a zálivy: na severu Lehid Harbour, Kilmakilloge Harbour, Ardgroom Harbour, na západě Coulagh Bay a Garnish Bay, na jihu Bear Haven, Adrigole Harbour a Glengarriff Harbour. Při jižním pobřeží leží ostrov Beara Island a v zálivu Glengarriff ostrov Garinish Island, při západním pobřeží Dursey Island, a u severního leží několik menších ostrovů, např. Inishfarnard, Ormond's Island, Dinish Island. Na východě zálivu Bantry Bay, u města Bantry, leží ostrov Whiddy. Města a obce Největším sídlem poloostrova je městečko Castletownbere/Castletown Bearhaven, mezi větší obce patří Glengarriff, Adrigole, Lauragh, Ardgroom, Eyeries a Allihies. Nejbližšími většími městy je Bantry ve východní části Bantry Bay a na severu Killarney, v hrabství Kerry. Pohoří na poloostrově Povrch polostrova je hodně členitý s řadou nízkých pískovcových hor. Východní část pokrývá pohoří Caha Mountains (irsky: a Cechach). Nejvyšší horou je Hungry Hill (685 m n. m.). Další vrcholy jsou Knockowen (658 m n. m.), Coomnadiha (642 m n. m.), Caha (608 m n. m.), Lackabane (602 m n. m.), Coomacloghane (598 m n. m.), Sugarloaf Mountain (573 m n. m.) Západní část poloostrova pokrývá poměrně úzké pohoří Slieve Miskish Mountains. Z desítek vrcholů jsou pojmenovány jen čtyři hory: Knocknagallaun (376 m n. m.) Knockgour (481 m n. m.) Knockoura, irsky: Cnoc Cumhra (490 m n. m.) a Miskish Mountain (386 m n. m.). "Sliabh Mish" je prý pojmenováno po mytologické keltské princezně, která byla známá svou krutostí. Předěl mezi pohořími tvoří silnice R571 mezi Castletownbere na jihu a Eyeries na severu poloostrova. --- Mapky některých vrcholů s popisy cest různých návštěvníků poloostrova zde: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/240/?PHPSESSID=p05tlic4qf6s681q9tdk7a0oi0 Fotografie: http://www.johneaglephoto.com/bearamountains.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungry_Hill Přírodní zajímavosti Nejteplejší místo Irska je v obci Adrigola, u Adrigole Bridge. Sladkovodní mušle, které žijí v oblasti u obce Ardgroom jsou více než 100 let - nejstarší žijící měkkýšů na poloostrově. Poloostrov Beara je domovem pro jednoho z nejvzácnějších ptáků v Irsku - Chough/kavče Nejvyšší bříza v Irsku roste v Lauragh, je to 25 m vysoká bříza pýřitá/Betula pubescent. V lese Glengarriff Forest rostou nejstarší duby v Irsku. 3 Vodstvo Řeky na poloostrově jsou krátké. Nejdelší z nich pramení v pohoří Caha Mountains, stéká nejdříve na východ okolo Bonane a vlévá se u Kenmare do zálivu Kenmare Bay (nebo též Kenmare River). Mnoho potoků a říček vytéká z horských jezer. Především v pohoří Caha se nachází několik ledovcových jezer, například: Lough Inchiquin, Cloonee Loughs, Glenbeg Lough, Glanmore Lake, Barley Lake, Glenkeel Lough, Lough Shanoge, Lough Derreenadavodia a Cummer Lough. U obce Adrigole se nachází u hory Hungry Hill největší irský vodopád Mare's Tail. Je to kaskádový vodopád, který je napájen vodou z jezera Coomadavallig nad údolím Coomgira a přístavem v Adrigole. Vodopád, dříve známý jako Mare Mane, měl vždycky velkou přitažlivost pro místní obyvatele a turisty. Vodopád je za pěkného počasí nepřehlédnutelný. V roce 2012 byl ve filmu Neila Jordana „Byzantium“ zbarven načerveno. http://ringofbeara.com/gems/the-mares-tail-waterfall/ Poloha vodopádu u Hungry Hill: viz mapa Bantry Bay je jedním z nejlepších a nejbezpečnějších přístavů v Evropě. Záliv je velmi hluboký a dobře chráněný, proto byl využíván už od nestarších dob rybáři a obchodním loďstvem jako bezpečný přístav. Po staletí tu kotvily flotily z Anglie, Španělska, Francie a Holandska, platily přístavní poplatky a rybářské daně O'Sullivanu Bére, který záliv kontroloval. K historii klanu O'Sullivan Beare Beara bylo tradiční sídlo moci klanu O'Sullivan Beare. Klan O'Sullivans byl vyhnán ve 12. století Normany z Knockgraffon, poblíž Clonmel, a usadil se později po obou stranách zálivu Kenmare Bay a na poloostrově Beara peninsula. O'Sullivanovi byly králem Irska Turlough Mór O'Connor přiděleny pozemky v okolí Bantry Bay jako odměna za útok na klášter v Cong. Ppozději si stejné místo zvolili i mniši z hrabství Mayo. O'Sullivan spolu s mnichy kontrolovali záliv a přístav. Jako opevnění a ochrana obchodu byl vystavěn hrad Tower House, Reenavanny Castle of O'Sullivan Bere. Hrad byl zbořen během Cromwellových válek a nakonec podlehl v bouři v roce 1920. Hrad Dunboy byl jedním z posledních míst irského odporu po v bitvě u Kinsale. S klanem O'Sullivan je spojeno 32 hradů, ale jen 4 z nich nebo jejich pozůstatky dodnes existují. Podrobně viz oddíl Obce a města na poloostrově Beara a Beara Way: Castletownbere(Dunboy Castle), Kealkill (Carriganas Castle) a Tuosist (Ardea Castle) http://tuosist.com/history/Entries/2013/6/26_OSullivan_History_And_Genealogy.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O'Sullivan Bantry Bay je jedním z nejlepších a nejbezpečnějších přístavů v Evropě. Záliv je velmi hluboký a dobře chráněný, proto byl využíván už od nestarších dob rybáři a obchodním loďstvem jako bezpečný přístav. Po staletí tu kotvily flotily z Anglie, Španělska, Francie a Holandska, platily přístavní poplatky a rybářské daně O'Sullivanu Bére, který záliv kontroloval. https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beara_%28polostrov%29 http://www.bhs.ie/ http://www.discoverireland.ie/Ireland-s-Islands/South-West-%28Kerry%29 K mytologii Bohyně Cailleach Beara (Chailleach Bhéarra) je jednou z nejstarších mytologických bytostí v Irsku. Cailleach Beara je obvykle spojována zejména s regiony Kerry a Cork. Cailleach Beara je bohyní, která má ve své moci dávat králům právo vládnout v jejich zemi. Obvykle se objevuje jako stará žena, která např. hrdinu vyzve ke společné noci a poté
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