Evolving S-Boxes with Reduceddifferential Power
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The Design of Rijndael: AES - the Advanced Encryption Standard/Joan Daemen, Vincent Rijmen
Joan Daernen · Vincent Rijrnen Theof Design Rijndael AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard With 48 Figures and 17 Tables Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Springer TnL-1Jn Joan Daemen Foreword Proton World International (PWI) Zweefvliegtuigstraat 10 1130 Brussels, Belgium Vincent Rijmen Cryptomathic NV Lei Sa 3000 Leuven, Belgium Rijndael was the surprise winner of the contest for the new Advanced En cryption Standard (AES) for the United States. This contest was organized and run by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) be ginning in January 1997; Rij ndael was announced as the winner in October 2000. It was the "surprise winner" because many observers (and even some participants) expressed scepticism that the U.S. government would adopt as Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data an encryption standard any algorithm that was not designed by U.S. citizens. Daemen, Joan, 1965- Yet NIST ran an open, international, selection process that should serve The design of Rijndael: AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard/Joan Daemen, Vincent Rijmen. as model for other standards organizations. For example, NIST held their p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1999 AES meeting in Rome, Italy. The five finalist algorithms were designed ISBN 3540425802 (alk. paper) . .. by teams from all over the world. 1. Computer security - Passwords. 2. Data encryption (Computer sCIence) I. RIJmen, In the end, the elegance, efficiency, security, and principled design of Vincent, 1970- II. Title Rijndael won the day for its two Belgian designers, Joan Daemen and Vincent QA76.9.A25 D32 2001 Rijmen, over the competing finalist designs from RSA, IBl\!I, Counterpane 2001049851 005.8-dc21 Systems, and an English/Israeli/Danish team. -
A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance
United States Military Academy USMA Digital Commons West Point ETD 12-2018 A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance as it Relates to Cryptographic Attack Feasibility Daniel Hawthorne United States Military Academy, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd Part of the Information Security Commons Recommended Citation Hawthorne, Daniel, "A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance as it Relates to Cryptographic Attack Feasibility" (2018). West Point ETD. 9. https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd/9 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by USMA Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Point ETD by an authorized administrator of USMA Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD PERFORMANCE AS IT RELATES TO CRYPTOGRAPHIC ATTACK FEASIBILITY A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Computer Science By Daniel Stephen Hawthorne Colorado Technical University December, 2018 Committee Dr. Richard Livingood, Ph.D., Chair Dr. Kelly Hughes, DCS, Committee Member Dr. James O. Webb, Ph.D., Committee Member December 17, 2018 © Daniel Stephen Hawthorne, 2018 1 Abstract The advanced encryption standard (AES) is the premier symmetric key cryptosystem in use today. Given its prevalence, the security provided by AES is of utmost importance. Technology is advancing at an incredible rate, in both capability and popularity, much faster than its rate of advancement in the late 1990s when AES was selected as the replacement standard for DES. Although the literature surrounding AES is robust, most studies fall into either theoretical or practical yet infeasible. -
KLEIN: a New Family of Lightweight Block Ciphers
KLEIN: A New Family of Lightweight Block Ciphers Zheng Gong1, Svetla Nikova1;2 and Yee Wei Law3 1Faculty of EWI, University of Twente, The Netherlands fz.gong, [email protected] 2 Dept. ESAT/SCD-COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium 3 Department of EEE, The University of Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract Resource-efficient cryptographic primitives become fundamental for realizing both security and efficiency in embedded systems like RFID tags and sensor nodes. Among those primitives, lightweight block cipher plays a major role as a building block for security protocols. In this paper, we describe a new family of lightweight block ciphers named KLEIN, which is designed for resource-constrained devices such as wireless sensors and RFID tags. Compared to the related proposals, KLEIN has ad- vantage in the software performance on legacy sensor platforms, while its hardware implementation can be compact as well. Key words. Block cipher, Wireless sensor network, Low-resource implementation. 1 Introduction With the development of wireless communication and embedded systems, we become increasingly de- pendent on the so called pervasive computing; examples are smart cards, RFID tags, and sensor nodes that are used for public transport, pay TV systems, smart electricity meters, anti-counterfeiting, etc. Among those applications, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted more and more attention since their promising applications, such as environment monitoring, military scouting and healthcare. On resource-limited devices the choice of security algorithms should be very careful by consideration of the implementation costs. Symmetric-key algorithms, especially block ciphers, still play an important role for the security of the embedded systems. -
Performance and Energy Efficiency of Block Ciphers in Personal Digital Assistants
Performance and Energy Efficiency of Block Ciphers in Personal Digital Assistants Creighton T. R. Hager, Scott F. Midkiff, Jung-Min Park, Thomas L. Martin Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA {chager, midkiff, jungmin, tlmartin} @ vt.edu Abstract algorithms may consume more energy and drain the PDA battery faster than using less secure algorithms. Due to Encryption algorithms can be used to help secure the processing requirements and the limited computing wireless communications, but securing data also power in many PDAs, using strong cryptographic consumes resources. The goal of this research is to algorithms may also significantly increase the delay provide users or system developers of personal digital between data transmissions. Thus, users and, perhaps assistants and applications with the associated time and more importantly, software and system designers need to energy costs of using specific encryption algorithms. be aware of the benefits and costs of using various Four block ciphers (RC2, Blowfish, XTEA, and AES) were encryption algorithms. considered. The experiments included encryption and This research answers questions regarding energy decryption tasks with different cipher and file size consumption and execution time for various encryption combinations. The resource impact of the block ciphers algorithms executing on a PDA platform with the goal of were evaluated using the latency, throughput, energy- helping software and system developers design more latency product, and throughput/energy ratio metrics. effective applications and systems and of allowing end We found that RC2 encrypts faster and uses less users to better utilize the capabilities of PDA devices. -
A Novel and Highly Efficient AES Implementation Robust Against Differential Power Analysis Massoud Masoumi K
A Novel and Highly Efficient AES Implementation Robust against Differential Power Analysis Massoud Masoumi K. N. Toosi University of Tech., Tehran, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT been proposed. Unfortunately, most of these techniques are Developed by Paul Kocher, Joshua Jaffe, and Benjamin Jun inefficient or costly or vulnerable to higher-order attacks in 1999, Differential Power Analysis (DPA) represents a [6]. They include randomized clocks, memory unique and powerful cryptanalysis technique. Insight into encryption/decryption schemes [7], power consumption the encryption and decryption behavior of a cryptographic randomization [8], and decorrelating the external power device can be determined by examining its electrical power supply from the internal power consumed by the chip. signature. This paper describes a novel approach for Moreover, the use of different hardware logic, such as implementation of the AES algorithm which provides a complementary logic, sense amplifier based logic (SABL), significantly improved strength against differential power and asynchronous logic [9, 10] have been also proposed. analysis with a minimal additional hardware overhead. Our Some of these techniques require about twice as much area method is based on randomization in composite field and will consume twice as much power as an arithmetic which entails an area penalty of only 7% while implementation that is not protected against power attacks. does not decrease the working frequency, does not alter the For example, the technique proposed in [10] adds area 3 algorithm and keeps perfect compatibility with the times and reduces throughput by a factor of 4. Another published standard. The efficiency of the proposed method is masking which involves ensuring the attacker technique was verified by practical results obtained from cannot predict any full registers in the system without real implementation on a Xilinx Spartan-II FPGA. -
Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard
Volume 126, Article No. 126024 (2021) https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard Miles E. Smid Formerly: Computer Security Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA [email protected] Strong cryptographic algorithms are essential for the protection of stored and transmitted data throughout the world. This publication discusses the development of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, which specifies a cryptographic algorithm known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES was the result of a cooperative multiyear effort involving the U.S. government, industry, and the academic community. Several difficult problems that had to be resolved during the standard’s development are discussed, and the eventual solutions are presented. The author writes from his viewpoint as former leader of the Security Technology Group and later as acting director of the Computer Security Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he was responsible for the AES development. Key words: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); consensus process; cryptography; Data Encryption Standard (DES); security requirements, SKIPJACK. Accepted: June 18, 2021 Published: August 16, 2021; Current Version: August 23, 2021 This article was sponsored by James Foti, Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The views expressed represent those of the author and not necessarily those of NIST. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 1. Introduction In the late 1990s, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was about to decide if it was going to specify a new cryptographic algorithm standard for the protection of U.S. -
Productivity Revisited: Shifting Paradigms in Analysis and Policy
Productivity Revisited Productivity Revisited Shifting Paradigms in Analysis and Policy Ana Paula Cusolito and William F. Maloney © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 21 20 19 18 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Execu- tive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immu- nities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Cusolito, Ana Paula, and William F. Maloney. 2018. Productivity Revisited: Shifting Paradigms in Analysis and Policy. -
The Importance of Sample Size in Marine Megafauna Tagging Studies
Ecological Applications, 0(0), 2019, e01947 © 2019 by the Ecological Society of America The importance of sample size in marine megafauna tagging studies 1,17 2 3 4 5 6 6 A. M. M. SEQUEIRA, M. R. HEUPEL, M.-A. LEA, V. M. EGUILUZ, C. M. DUARTE, M. G. MEEKAN, M. THUMS, 7 8 9 6 4 10 H. J. CALICH, R. H. CARMICHAEL, D. P. COSTA, L. C. FERREIRA, J. F ERNANDEZ -GRACIA, R. HARCOURT, 11 10 10,12 13,14 15 16 A.-L. HARRISON, I. JONSEN, C. R. MCMAHON, D. W. SIMS, R. P. WILSON, AND G. C. HAYS 1IOMRC and The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia 2Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810 Australia 3Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000 Australia 4Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC – UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain 5Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia 6Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia 7IOMRC and The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia 8Dauphin Island Sea Lab and University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528 USA 9Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060 USA 10Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109 Australia 11Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO Box 37012 MRC 5503 MBC, Washington, D.C. -
Optimization of Core Components of Block Ciphers Baptiste Lambin
Optimization of core components of block ciphers Baptiste Lambin To cite this version: Baptiste Lambin. Optimization of core components of block ciphers. Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]. Université Rennes 1, 2019. English. NNT : 2019REN1S036. tel-02380098 HAL Id: tel-02380098 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02380098 Submitted on 26 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE RENNES 1 COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE Ecole Doctorale N°601 Mathématique et Sciences et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication Spécialité : Informatique Par Baptiste LAMBIN Optimization of Core Components of Block Ciphers Thèse présentée et soutenue à RENNES, le 22/10/2019 Unité de recherche : IRISA Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Marine Minier, Professeur, LORIA, Université de Lorraine Jacques Patarin, Professeur, PRiSM, Université de Versailles Composition du jury : Examinateurs : Marine Minier, Professeur, LORIA, Université de Lorraine Jacques Patarin, Professeur, PRiSM, Université de Versailles Jean-Louis Lanet, INRIA Rennes Virginie Lallemand, Chargée de Recherche, LORIA, CNRS Jérémy Jean, ANSSI Dir. de thèse : Pierre-Alain Fouque, IRISA, Université de Rennes 1 Co-dir. de thèse : Patrick Derbez, IRISA, Université de Rennes 1 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier en premier lieu mes directeurs de thèse, Pierre-Alain et Patrick. -
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ORDER TRANSPORTATION JO 7340.2E FEDERAL AVIATION Effective Date: ADMINISTRATION July 24, 2014 Air Traffic Organization Policy Subject: Contractions Includes Change 1 dated 11/13/14 https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/CNT/3-3.HTM A 3- Company Country Telephony Ltr AAA AVICON AVIATION CONSULTANTS & AGENTS PAKISTAN AAB ABELAG AVIATION BELGIUM ABG AAC ARMY AIR CORPS UNITED KINGDOM ARMYAIR AAD MANN AIR LTD (T/A AMBASSADOR) UNITED KINGDOM AMBASSADOR AAE EXPRESS AIR, INC. (PHOENIX, AZ) UNITED STATES ARIZONA AAF AIGLE AZUR FRANCE AIGLE AZUR AAG ATLANTIC FLIGHT TRAINING LTD. UNITED KINGDOM ATLANTIC AAH AEKO KULA, INC D/B/A ALOHA AIR CARGO (HONOLULU, UNITED STATES ALOHA HI) AAI AIR AURORA, INC. (SUGAR GROVE, IL) UNITED STATES BOREALIS AAJ ALFA AIRLINES CO., LTD SUDAN ALFA SUDAN AAK ALASKA ISLAND AIR, INC. (ANCHORAGE, AK) UNITED STATES ALASKA ISLAND AAL AMERICAN AIRLINES INC. UNITED STATES AMERICAN AAM AIM AIR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AIM AIR AAN AMSTERDAM AIRLINES B.V. NETHERLANDS AMSTEL AAO ADMINISTRACION AERONAUTICA INTERNACIONAL, S.A. MEXICO AEROINTER DE C.V. AAP ARABASCO AIR SERVICES SAUDI ARABIA ARABASCO AAQ ASIA ATLANTIC AIRLINES CO., LTD THAILAND ASIA ATLANTIC AAR ASIANA AIRLINES REPUBLIC OF KOREA ASIANA AAS ASKARI AVIATION (PVT) LTD PAKISTAN AL-AAS AAT AIR CENTRAL ASIA KYRGYZSTAN AAU AEROPA S.R.L. ITALY AAV ASTRO AIR INTERNATIONAL, INC. PHILIPPINES ASTRO-PHIL AAW AFRICAN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIBYA AFRIQIYAH AAX ADVANCE AVIATION CO., LTD THAILAND ADVANCE AVIATION AAY ALLEGIANT AIR, INC. (FRESNO, CA) UNITED STATES ALLEGIANT AAZ AEOLUS AIR LIMITED GAMBIA AEOLUS ABA AERO-BETA GMBH & CO., STUTTGART GERMANY AEROBETA ABB AFRICAN BUSINESS AND TRANSPORTATIONS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF AFRICAN BUSINESS THE CONGO ABC ABC WORLD AIRWAYS GUIDE ABD AIR ATLANTA ICELANDIC ICELAND ATLANTA ABE ABAN AIR IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ABAN OF) ABF SCANWINGS OY, FINLAND FINLAND SKYWINGS ABG ABAKAN-AVIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION ABAKAN-AVIA ABH HOKURIKU-KOUKUU CO., LTD JAPAN ABI ALBA-AIR AVIACION, S.L. -
A CELEBRATION of BURGUNDY an Auction of Finest & Rarest Wines
SATURDAY, MARCH 28, 2015 A CELEBRATION OF BURGUNDY An Auction of Finest & Rarest Wines 8:30AM AT TRU RESTAURANT TRU Restaurant 676 N. St. Clair Street Chicago Those bidding or sending inquiries should refer to this auction as Sale #1503 “MCKINLEY” Lots 1 - 1440 HART DAVIS HART WINE CO. 1511 W. 38TH STREET, CHICAGO, IL 60609 tel: 312.482.9996 fax: 312.335.9096 www.hdhwine.com Table of Contents Letter from the CEO 3 HDH Event: Fête des Chablis 4 HDH Event: A Celebration of Burgundy 5 HDH Retail Selections 6 Lots 1 - 1440 7-122 Index of Wines 123-168 Grower Index 131-140 Half-Bottle & Large Format Index 140-142 OWC Index 142-143 Ullage, Bottle Size Descriptions & Abbreviations Used in this Catalog; Our Auction Venue: TRU Restaurant 145 Procedures for Bidding & Payment 146 Conditions of Sale 147 Collection, Delivery & Storage 148 About HDH & How to Sell your Wines with HDH 150 Delivery & Collection Instructions Form 151 Absentee Bidding Form 153-154 Upcoming Auction Dates: May 16, 2015 June 27, 2015 September 19, 2015 Photo Pictured on Front Cover: “Savigny-les-Beaune” by Michel Joly Photo Pictured on Back Cover: “Le Montrachet” by Michel Joly March 2015 On behalf of the entire HDH team, I want to thank our bidders and consignors who participated in the February 13th auction, our fi rst of 2015. The auction was full of impressive consignments and we saw record demand and strong results in nearly every category. It’s only because of your interest and support that we are able to bring you auctions of this caliber, and we sincerely thank you. -
How Far Can We Go Beyond Linear Cryptanalysis?
How Far Can We Go Beyond Linear Cryptanalysis? Thomas Baign`eres, Pascal Junod, and Serge Vaudenay EPFL http://lasecwww.epfl.ch Abstract. Several generalizations of linear cryptanalysis have been pro- posed in the past, as well as very similar attacks in a statistical point of view. In this paper, we de¯ne a rigorous general statistical framework which allows to interpret most of these attacks in a simple and uni¯ed way. Then, we explicitely construct optimal distinguishers, we evaluate their performance, and we prove that a block cipher immune to classical linear cryptanalysis possesses some resistance to a wide class of general- ized versions, but not all. Finally, we derive tools which are necessary to set up more elaborate extensions of linear cryptanalysis, and to general- ize the notions of bias, characteristic, and piling-up lemma. Keywords: Block ciphers, linear cryptanalysis, statistical cryptanalysis. 1 A Decade of Linear Cryptanalysis Linear cryptanalysis is a known-plaintext attack proposed in 1993 by Matsui [21, 22] to break DES [26], exploiting speci¯c correlations between the input and the output of a block cipher. Namely, the attack traces the statistical correlation between one bit of information about the plaintext and one bit of information about the ciphertext, both obtained linearly with respect to GF(2)L (where L is the block size of the cipher), by means of probabilistic linear expressions, a concept previously introduced by Tardy-Corfdir and Gilbert [30]. Soon after, several attempts to generalize linear cryptanalysis are published: Kaliski and Robshaw [13] demonstrate how it is possible to combine several in- dependent linear correlations depending on the same key bits.