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On the Occurence of Giant Males in Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) Postiça Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae)

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On the Occurence of Giant Males in Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) Postiça Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae) View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cadernos Espinosanos (E-Journal) Bolm. ZoolUniv. S. Paulo 8:11-16, 19ti4 ON THE OCCURENCE OF GIANT MALES IN NANNOTRIGONA (SCAPTOTRIGONA) POSTIÇA LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE, MELIPONINAE) LUCI ROLANDI BEGO Departamento de Ecologia Geral, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cai­ xa Postal 11U61, 01000 - Sio Paulo - SP CONCEIÇÃO APARECIDA DE CAMARGO Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia de Ribei rão Preto»Universidade de São Paulo,Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, (recebido em 20.11.1983) RESUMO - Machos normais e gigantes de Nannotrigona (Scapto - trigona) postiça Latr. foram analisados, através de caracte­ res morfológicos e morfométricos. Os resultados demonstram que não há diferenças entre os mesmos^ exceto em tamanho. A produção de machos gigantes nesta espécie é um fato raro , comparado com outras espécies de Meliponinae. ABSTRACT - Morphological and morphometric characters of nor­ mal and giants males of Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) postica Latr. were analyzed. The results show that there are no differences between them, except in size. The production of giant males in this species is a rare event compared with other Meliponinae. INTRODUCTION Queens in most Trigonini species are produced when larvae are fed more larval food than workers (Camargo,1972) In Meliponini (M e l i p o n a ) the system of caste determination is a result of an interaction of larval food and genetics (Kerr, 1950, 1966; Kerr & Nielson, 1966; Kerr, Akahira & Ca­ margo, 19 75) Nevertheless, other mechanisms which control the male and queen production by normal colonies are still not un - derstood (suitable conditions of the colonies, ethological factors, and so on) This paper is a by-product of our studies on social regulation in Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) postica. In the course of our research we noticed the presence of giant ma - les in normal and orphan colonies. 12 L.R. Bego & C.A . de Camavgo The aim is to report this fact based on morphometric and morphological characters, considering that this will be impor an for later studies on the biology of stingless bees, MATERIAL AND METHODS Several colonies of N. ( S . ) postioa were used for ex­ periments related to production of giant males "in vitro" The methodology used is reported by Camargo (1972) Other two colonies (normal and orphan) were kept in observation hives (Sakagami & Zucchi, 1963; Sakagami, 1966) The morphometric characters were evalueted by some usual measures in Meliponinae bees: Eye length, maximal in - terorbital distance, Lower interorbital distance, Maximum head width, Mesoscutum length and width, length of fore wing partial - (distance between M-Cu bifurcation and basal tip of marginal cell), hind tibia length. The measurements of genitalia are shown in Fig 2 which are: genitalia width (total - a - and partial - b -) maximal length of gonocoxite - c -, lower length of gonocoxi g°nostylus iength (partial) - e maximal valve width - f From the mean of the measurements (x) taken from sam­ pled specimens (N), the standart deviation (SD), the range of variation (RV), and the coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated, and are given in Table 1 . * RESULTS Table 1 and Pigs. i ancj 2 show the comparisons of nor • and giant males, stressing only the difference in thei? sizes. There are no distinctions in their external and inter nal morphology. — Over two years of intensive observations inside nor - mal colonies and at nest entrances it was possible to detect only one giant male. Another case was found in the course of experiments on social regulation made in an orphan colony. i n * f ^ ng tlm® °? orPhanage the workers built roy­ al cells and laid eggs inside them. The usual behaviour of workers in such circunstance is to destroy the brood cell and start anew one. So, to avoid this the royal cell Sas re moved from the colony to an incubator at 28°C until «»ml “ ce of the giant male. L’ untl1 emergen DISCUSSION „ /c. Based upon the experiences acquired on behaviour N. (S.) poatzaa along many years, it was possible to veni? that the occurence of giant males in this species is a p +■ mely rare event, compared with some species of MeliponinJ^- The production of giant males in stingless bees first reported by Nogueira-Neto (1951) Juliani (1967) shoS! ed that colonies of Plebeia julianii were able to produ them. 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