AUGUST AUGUST 1915 THE CRISIS 1915

VOTES FOR WOMEN School of Medicine of Howard University Including Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutic Colleges

1867-1915 Stephen M. Newman, D.D., President Edward A. Balloch, M.D., Dean

The FORTY-EIGHTE ANNUAL SESSION will begin October 1, 1915, and continue eight months. Requires for admission to Aledical College two years of college work including courses in inorganic and organic chemistry, qualitative analysis, physics, biology and either French or German. Full corps of instructors, well equipped laboratories, unexcelled hospital facilities.

For catalog or information concerning Medical, Dental, Pharmaceutic or Post-Graduate courses write

w. c. MCNEILL, M.D., sec. Fifth and "W" Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located, healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa­ tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and practice.

Phis school oilers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers, carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE ITNCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention THE CKISIS THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement ol Colored People

Contents for August, 1915

PICTURES COVER. Abraham Lincoln and Sojourner Truth. Composite photo­ graph by Hinton Gilmore. Page Portraits of twenty contributors to the Symposium 180ff Tablet to Harriet Tubman _ 192 ARTICLES THE BLACK MAMMY. A Poem By James Weldon Johnson 176 VOTES FOR WOMEN. A Symposium By Rev. F. J. Grimke, Hon. Oscar De Priest, Benjamin Brawley, Bishop John Hurst, Hon. J. W. Johnson, Hon. R. H. Terrell, Dr. W. H. Crog- man, C. W. Chesnutt, Hon. J. R. Lynch, L. M. Hershaw, Mrs. Paul Laurence Dunbar, Mrs. M. B. Talbert, Mrs. C. F. Cook, Mrs. C. W. Clifford, Dr. M. F. Waring, W. S. Braithewaite, Miss N. H. Burroughs, Miss M. E. Jackson, Mrs. J. St. P. Ruffin, Mrs. A. W. Hunton, Miss M. L. Baldwin, Miss A. H. Jones, Mrs. B. K. Bruce, Mrs. E. L. Davis, Mrs. M. C. Terrell and Mrs. L. A. Turner 178 THE RAINS. A Story of Jamaica By Kelsey Percival Kitchel 193 DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE 163 MEN OF THE MONTH 169 OPINIONS 171 EDITORIAL 177 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL­ ORED PEOPLE 197

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip­ tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 160 THE CRISISADVERTISE R Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,(Formerl y Atlanta Baptist College) Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA. School. Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School manual training and domestic science. AmonAgn institution famous within recent yearf the teachers are graduates of Yale. Harvardfor, it s emphasis on all sides of manly develop­ Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six yearsment—th e only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed.devote d solely to the education of Negro GraduateStudentss comaree almosfromt aluniversalll partsy osuccessfulf the South.youn .g men. For further information address Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A, President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features. ATLANTA, GA. For information address Knoxville College JOHN HOPE, President Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. ST. MARY'S SCHOOL The Best Moral and Spiritual EnvironA­n Episcopal boarding and day school for ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmos­girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St phere. Noted for Honest and ThorougMaryh . Address: Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Offers full courses in the following departments: 611 N. 43d St W. Philadelphia, Pa. College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain- •ge. Expenses very reasonable. AVOID BAD SCHOOLS OpportunitFall yTer fomr self-help Begin. s September, 1915 Educate your children at home under our expert (cache** For information address Courses for Adults Pupils received at any time. Write to President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C. KNOXVILLE, TENN. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

THE AGRICULTURAL WILEY UNIVERSITY and MARSHALL, TEXAS Recognized as a college of the First Class TECHNICAL COLLEGE by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of of Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia represented on its faculty; students gath­ North Carolina ered from ten different states. (Formerly the A. 6s M. College) The 22d annual session will be­ Strongest Music Department in the West gin September 1. 1915. Board, M. W. DOGAN, President lodging and tuition $8.00 per month. Four year courses leading FISK UNIVERSITY to trade certificates. Four year NASHVILLE, TENN. college courses leading to degrees Founded 1866 of Bachelor of Science in Agricul­ Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, ture and Bachelor of Science in Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer Mechanics. in Negro music. Special study in Negro life. For cataloifor furtherlinformation 7 Ideal and sanitary buildings and ground*. Well-equipped Science building. Address ~ Christian home life. President Dudley, A. & T. College High standard of independent manhood and GREENSBORO, N. C. womanhood. For literature, etc., write

Mention C. W. Morrow, Acting President THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 161

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." REV. DR. CHARLES H. PARKHURST, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their studies under a Welleslev graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. \\ e can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year"

Downingtown Industrial LINCOLN INSTITUTE and Agricultural School Downingtown, Pa. Eleventh Session Begins Founded by Negro soldiers. Sup­ ported by Jthe State of Missouri. For SEPTEMBER 16, 1915 both men "and women. Faculty of 34 CO-EDUCATIONAL from the best schools and colleges of the country. College Department, offer­ Full Literary, Commercial, Domestic Science ing four years' course with degree and Art, Trades and Agricultural Courses. Eachelor of Arts; Normal Department, offering two years' course, followed by For information write Wm. A. Creditt, Presi­ four years of Standard High School dent, 628 So. 19th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or work, and leading to the Degree B. C. Burnett, Secretary, Industrial School, Downingtown, Pa. Bachelor of Pedagogy; College pre­ paratory course. Music, art, domestic science, elocution, agriculture, and PUBLISHER'S CHAT trades courses. Normal diploma. Life certificate to teach in the public schools The September CRISIS will be of Missouri. One of the best schools CHICAGO NUMBER in the country for students of limited devoted to an exposition of the splendid work of the means. Catalog on request. 50,000 colored people of Chicago. There will he pictures of the Eighth Regiment, its armory and its oflicers; biographies of prominent citizens; views of churches, buildings, etc. The October CRISIS as usual Opens September 1st will be CHILDREN'S NUMBER We want to publish 100 pictures of the most inter­ esting colored babies in America. All pictures must BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN be in this office before September first. Send us un­ conventional, stirring pictures and, if possible, do not President ask for the return of photographs. If returns must JEFFERSON CITY MISSOURI he made, mark plainly on the back, and enclose post­ age. Begin and send pictures now. They cannot come too early.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS E. ALDAMA JACKSON TONE-PLACING AND Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church VOICE- DEVELOPMENT Points explained, viz.: Breath in Teacher of Theory and Piano Singing, Trying the Voice, the Theory course embraces elementaryand advanced Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the Harmony or Counterpoint. Contralto, Tenor Leggiero OR High Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Private or Class Work Parts OF the Vocal Apparatus, the Mouth, the Tongue, Position when Studio: 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY Practising, Position when Singing, How to Practice, Good Rules for Singing. Comment from the conductor OF the Paulist Chor- YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE taters, the celebrated choral society which received (George Younfl the first prize awarded at the International Singing Contest held in Pan's ON May 25, 1912: Novel Souvenir Post Cards "Dear MR. Tinsley: "I take great pleasure in commending your very Colored Authors and Books on Race Problems •leful and succinctly written book ON 'Tone-Placing a Specialty. and Voice-Development.' YOUR own appreciation OF the psychology OF singing and the fundamental prin­ 135 W. 135th Street New York City ciples OF the art you have cleverly reduced to a •imple system. Cordially yours, "Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., Director Paulist Choristers OF Chicago." From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal exercises, and should be in the hands OF all vocal students." From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingh his 'Practical Method OF Singing' is a most concist and practical little manual, containing many valuable Learn Tocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all ambitious vocal students." HELPED HIM GREATLY Beauty Culture "Since I practised your exercises OF 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonani By Mail than it has been for years. It seems to me that 1 am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 lOtl Special Correspondence •t., N. W. Washington, D. C. t Course and Ten Dollars PRICE $1.00 worth of my Preparations Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 DREXEI Ave., Chicago, 111.; OR Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van FIFTEEN DOLLARS Buren St., OR Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. Write (or particulars

THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Through us school authorities, without expense OR Madam Barreau delay, get into communication with the strongest and most carefully investigated teachers in all lines. Bristol Building" Teachers who seek positions OR advancement should register with US and avail themselves OF our expert •ervice. Prompt and courteous attention to corres New Bedford, Mass. pondence. B. F. BOWLES, MANAGER, 2739 CONVERSE AVENUE EAST ST. LOUIS, III.

School Teachers Wanted We can place 3000 school teachers who wish to be pleasantly and profitably employed during their vacation time. Write us today for full information and free cir­ cular reproductions of our specialties. We will appoint you our representative and show you how to make from $2.00 to $10.00 per day and be your own boss. Agents wanted everywhere. Special offer for ministers.

DOUGLAS SPECIALTIES CO. 3S48 VERNON AVE. (DEPT. K) CHICAGO, 111.

ITrade Mark)

MENTION THE CRISIS THE CRISIS

VOL. 10 -NO. 4 AUGUST, 1915 WHOLE NO. 58

V. B. SPRATLIN MISS GOSSIN MISS LEALTAD L. H. RUSSELL

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

EDUCATION of Pennsylvania for work in mathe­ C? EVERAL cases of scholastic distinc- matics and physics. ^ tion have come to us since last D Russell Lee of Des Moines, Iowa, is month. Miss Catherine Deaver Lealtad eleven years of age and in three years graduated from McAlester College, St. has done the school work which a nor­ Paul, Minnesota, with first honors in a mal child takes five and one-half years class of twenty-five completing the to do. The principal of his school says: course in three years. She made the best "In all my experience as a teacher I have scholarship record in the history of the never seen a pupil make such remarkable college and received the Noyes' scholar­ progress." In a recent test in mathe­ ship prize. matics Lee ranked the whole school in CIn Denver, Colorado, Valaurez B. accuracy and efficiency. Spratlin a seventeen year old student ([Miss Bernice Sanders who ranked her was among the honor men in a class of class at Wilberforce University received two hundred and sixty-four graduates her degree "Summa Cum Laude" instead of the Denver East Side High School. of "Magna" as announced last month. Spratlin pursued his whole course with She attained "A" in every subject during his body encased in plaster of paris on her entire college course. She has been account of an attack of spinal meningitis. appointed a teacher in Wilberforce Uni­ Spratlin is also a brilliant pianist. versity with a year's leave of absence for study at Radcliffe. CIn the Museum of Fine Arts School, Boston, Massachusetts, Miss Susan P. (I Edith A. Stone of Minneapolis occu­ V. Gossin a great granddaughter of John pied the honor seat in the Whittier B. Vashon and great-great grand­ School the last three months of the year daughter of the Rev. Thomas Paul has and will enter the high school at the age been awarded a special scholarship for of twelve. excellence in the department of design. ([Miss R. A. Guinn of Xew Bedford is CLouis H. Russell received the degree a graduate of the Massachusetts College of Master of Arts from Cornell for of Pharmacy and has passed the exami­ work in physics and mathematics. nation for the State Board. •2 William B. Jason received the degree ([The colored school district of the of Master of Arts from the University Highland Park section, Louisville. Ken- 164 THE CRISIS

TRACK TEAM, PITTSBURG, PA., CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL tucky, has received five thousand dollars, Arkansas, have purchased land on which their proportionate share of a railway they plan to build an industrial school, condemnation compromise. Old Glory College, in the fall. £Mr. Julius Rosenwald has since Octo­ ([Miss Mary M. Gibson of Radcliffe has ber 1st, 1914, donated $6,191 toward the written the music for the class song. building of twenty-one school houses for ([A granddaughter of the late Bishop colored children of Alabama. The State Holly of Haiti was graduated this year of Alabama gave $3,150; white people from St. Paul's School, Lawrenceville, gave $1,570 and colored people them­ Virginia. selves raised $9,279, a total of $21,190. ([A permanent office of the Association Mr. Rosenwald is offering to help build of Negro Industrial and Secondary two hundred school houses in Alabama Schools has been established at 20 Vesey and the South during a period of five Street, New York City, with A. R. years and will donate in all about $70,- Burnett as executive secretary. The 000. The money is given on condition membership includes twenty-seven that the State and the colored people schools in ten states and the Association help. The fund is administered by the will be a center for publicity, methods, extention department of Tuskegee In­ standardized finance and co-operation. stitute. ([The Governor of Pennsylvania, the d James N. Saunders who holds a Hon. J. C. Napier, and the Rev. William Washington M Street High School N. DeBerry have been elected trustees scholarship was graduated from Syra­ of Fisk University. cuse University .and won a prize for ([Prof. William Pickens has been essay, writing. chosen Dean of Morgan College, Balti­ CT- D. Coleman a freshman of Bates more. College has been awarded a scholarship ([Miss Florence Anderson has been ap­ in Harvard College and a prize for ex­ pointed State Supervisor of Colored cellence in Greek. Rural Schools in Kentucky. ([Miss E. V. Johnson graduated in COn the twenty-fifth anniversary of music from the University of Pennsyl­ their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Tulius vania having made an excellent record. Rosenwald sent $5,000 to Tuskegee, to CThe track team of the Pittsburgh Cen­ be distributed among the teachers there. tral High School consists of eight mem­ C Fountain Peyton, a lawyer, has been bers ; four white and four colored. One appointed to succeed Dr. C. H. Marshall of the colored boys is captain. on the School Board of the District of ([Pisk University graduated thirty- Columbia. eight students ; twenty-one Bachelors of ([Mr. Harry C. Turner, Jr., son of Mr. Art; twelve normal graduates and five and Mrs. H. C. Turner of Boston, Mass.. with certificates in teaching. There are was on June 2d awarded the degree of 1,041 living alumni. Ch. B. from the Medical Department of ([Colored people of Jackson County, Boston University. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 165

SOCIAL UPLIFT Missions, which was held at the Panama PRESIDENT WILSON has issued a Kxposition. proclamation bespeaking national CBernicc Hartley is the first colored interest in the Negro exposition to be woman to register as a voter in Nevada. held in Richmond, Virginia, during the ([The Masons of Washington, D. C, month of July- The President says have begun work on their new temple. with characteristic diffidence : ([The National League on Urban Con­ "The action of Congress in this matter ditions has opened a home for convales­ indicates very happily the desire of the cents at White Plains, New York. nation as well as of the people of Vir­ CThe Stoddard Baptist Home, Wash­ ginia to encourage the Negro in his ington, D. C, a retreat for the aged, will efforts to solve his industrial problem." soon be opened. CHenry Taylor a colored man of Tren­ CThe Public School Board of Roslyn, ton, Tennessee, rescued a fifteen year old Long Island, has been ordered by the white girl from drowning. He will be court to admit the colored children recommended for a Carnegie medal. which it formerly segregated. At a later There are no threats of lynching. appearance at court they must show CA Virginia Lawn Tennis Association cause why this order should not be made has been formed and held an interesting permanent. tournament at Lawrenceville. CDr. S. C. Dickerson of Chicago, has CThe colored members of the Grand been placed upon the staff of the Rush Jury of Passaic County, New Tersey, Medical College. Messrs. Williams, Collins and Hopper CThe Rhode Island Pure Food and were banqueted at Paterson recently. A Drug Commission has made Roscoe white Episcopal clergyman presided and Heathman a member of its staff of drug the sheriff of the county was present. experts. CThe Chicago exposition has received CAfter passing a successful examina­ an additional grant of $25,000 from the tion, Arthur Sanderson, a patrolman of legislature on condition that they raise Oakland, has been advanced to the a similar sum. grade of corporal. ([Lyman Beecher Stowe and Emmet T- m Scott are at work on a life of Booker T. MEETINGS Washington. 'THE bronze statue of Wendell Phil- CJ- O. Hopkins was re-elected to the -"- lips, by French, was dedicated last City Council of Wilmington, Delaware month in Boston. It has been well for a second term. placed on a new boulevard. There were CBecause of ill health Mrs. W. H. speeches by prominent men of both races Baldwin, Jr., has resigned as chairman and singing by a large colored choir. of the National Urban League. CThe sixteenth annual session of the CThe City Federation of Colored National Medical Association will be Women's Clubs, Kansas City, Missouri, held in Chicago in August. celebrated its tenth anniversary with a CThe Iowa State Federation of Colored banquet in the gymnasium of the new Women's Clubs will hold its fourteenth $100,000 Y. M. C. A. Two hundred and annual session in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. twenty persons were present. The CDr. B. T. Washington was one of the Federation includes nineteen clubs in­ speakers at the Bloomington, Illinois terested in painting, needlework, phil­ Chautauqua. anthropy, school work and social study. CThe New York State Federation of £W. R. Dyke, of Goode, Bedford Coun­ Colored Women's Clubs unveiled a ty, Virginia, who rescued a baby from a monument to Harriet Tubman last burning house has received the Carnegie month in the Fort Hill Cemetery, Medal for heroism and one thousand Auburn, New York. dollars. C Semi-centennial celebrations of free­ ([Mrs. Mary C. Terrell was one of the dom will be held in Los Angeles and principal speakers at the session of the Keokuk, Iowa. White and colored peo­ Baptist Council of Women for Home ple will take part in both celebrations. 166 THE CRISIS

CThe Nebraska State Federation of American violinist-composer, has con­ Women's Clubs held its tenth annual tinued the production of violin adapta­ session in Lincoln. tions of old plantation melodies and will ([At the recent meeting of the Southern offer the same to the South American Sociological Congress at Houston, music-lovers during his present concert Texas, the colored speakers were Dr. C. tour. V. Roman, Dr. L. K. Williams, Prof. J. ([The North Side Choral Club and W. Gilbert, Pres. J. A. Booker, Dr. R. Orchestra under the direction of J. R. R. Wright and Monroe N. Work. Rogers gave "Hiawatha's Wedding Feast" in Pittsburgh. m ([Miss M. L. York gave a piano recital MUSIC AND ART at the Bethel A. M. E. Church at New MISS SARAH M. TALBERT of Bedford, Mass. Buffalo, New York, daughter of CThe People's Choral Society of Phila­ Mrs. Mary B. Talbert, president of the delphia gave a benefit concert at Musical New York State Federation of Clubs, Fund Hall to assist Miss Marion E. was a graduating member of the piano Anderson, a young contralto with a very class of 1915, of the New England Con­ beautiful voice. servatory, Boston, Mass. CA Negro Folk Song Festival with five (JIN the Devonshire town of Exeter, the hundred voices under the direction of Exeter Oratorio Society gave a concert Mme. Lincolnia Haynes-Morgan was for the War Fund of England, at which given at the Texas Normal Industrial the first two parts of the Hiawatha Tri­ Institute at Dallas, Texas. Over fifteen logy were the cantatas presented. hundred persons attended. During the same month at Bourne­ mouth, England, the program of the m Pop Concert illustrating nationalistic PERSONAL tendencies, gave S. Coleridge-Taylor's MR. F. C. COOPER a colored tone-poem for Orchestra, "Bamboula," Jamaican and second year student as an example of British music. in medicine at Dalhousie University, ([On June 17th at the second concert or Halifax, has rendered a signal service to the Lyric Club, Charles Citv, Iowa, his college, as well as shown evidence of Coleridge-Taylor's "Low Breathing exceptional ability, in his chosen profes­ Winds" was sung by the club under the sion, by drawing a set of twenty-five direction of Frank Parker of Cedar charts, or diagrams in colors, for use in Valley Seminary. the Histological Department of the Medi­ ([Harry T. Burleigh's "The Glory of cal College. These diagrams are scien­ the Day was in Her Face," a song for tifically correct as well as artistically be­ high voice, the words by James Johnson, yond criticism, but further than that they is named by Musical America as an consitute a very valuable asset in the American composition worthy of recog­ teaching equipment. nition for teaching and public perform­ CMr. Charles Alexander has been put ance. in charge of the correspondence with "Heigh Ho," by Burleigh, was among colored people at the Panama Exposi­ the song offerings of Mr. Joseph tion. Mathieu, tenor, of the Stanley Quartet CN. H. Lane, the aged janitor of an of New York, at a concert given at office building in Los Angeles, groped his Kingston, New York. way through the smoke in the burning CThe pupils of Miss Georgine Glover, building and saved two men. pianist, of Boston, Mass., were heard in CMrs. Anna R. Copeland, widow of W. a successful recital at Court Hall on L. Copeland, whose brother was exe­ June 25th. cuted with John Brown, died recently in ([Another program of merit was pre­ Hot Springs, Va. sented by the piano pupils of Miss Mary CGustavus Milhiser, a wealthy mill L. Europe, on June 25th at Lincoln owner of Richmond, Va., bequeathed Temple, Washington, D. C. five hundred dollars to Rosa S. Dixon, ([Albert Spalding, the distinguished and a sum'to be placed in trust, from ALONG THE COLOR LINE 167

which she will derive five hundred dol­ ECONOMICS lars a year. HP HE Fair Publishing Company, CThe will of E. E. Des Verncy of backed by colored people, is said Savannah, Ga., disposes of $50,000. to be about to begin a series of weekly C^Ir. U. Buckner. a colored man, is newspapers published in Philadelphia trainer for the Chicago White Sox. and distributed with local additions in CThomas Rutling, the first tenor of the Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Balti­ famous Fisk Jubilee Choir, and its last more and Washington. W. W. Rouke surviving member, died recently at Har- is editor and Dr. A. T. Boyer president rowgate, England. of the corporation. CRev. T. W. Henderson, D.D., a prom­ CPlans are nearly complete for the re­ inent minister of the A. M. E. Church, opening of the bank in Mound Bayou. is dead. The old bank building has been bought CThe Delta Penny Savings Bank at In- and $10,000 deposited in the Cleveland dianola, Miss., has been certified by the Slate Bank. State Banking Department. CThe Tunnel and Subway Contractors' CE. C. Brown, who has conducted a International Union, New York City, successful banking business in Newport the Tobacco Workers and the United News, plans to open a bank in Washing­ Mine Workers of America, are three ton, D. C. unions that admit colored men freely. CMr. Chas. McQueen of Texas has in­ CTeachers of industrial arts in the vented a weight motor house-fan, that Baltimore and Washington schools have goes automatically by winding, like a formed an Interstate Industrial Arts clock. Association with Mr. D. A. Brooks as CDr. G. A. Buckner of Indiana, U. S. president. Minister to Liberia, who is home on leave, says that country is feeling the FOREIGN effects of the European War. The for­ eign trade of the country has stopped DELOS R. DAVIS, Kansas City, entirely. died recently in Amherstburg, CDr. Chas. H. Roberts, a leading den­ Canada. His father escaped to Canada tist of New York City, has gone to on the underground railroad. Paris to work in the clinic for the CAt the bead of the regiment of Egyp­ soldiers. tian artillery, now fighting on the Yser, is a young West African, Col. Pasquale Denoix, who made a brilliant record at THE CHURCH the Military Academy at Bordeaux. C INCE the establishment of the Cath- CA colored commissioner of St. Thom­ as, D. Hamilton Jackson, made a special ^ olic Board for Colored Missions, trip to Denmark and obtained from the forcy new missions have been started Parliament, freedom of speech for the and over five thousand children received islanders, full suffrage for natives, uni­ in school. The work which has been versity education in Denmark for grad­ done mainly in the South suffers from a uates of the island schools, replacement lack of priests and sisters. of white gendarmes by native police. CThe New England Missionary Bap­ The governor, who was the friend of tist Convention held its forty-first an­ the planters, has been recalled and the nual session at Mt. Olivet Baptist land which has been held by the planters Church, New York City. has been thrown open to the natives, who CA Census report, relating to the Negro can get loans from the government with Church, says there are four colored which to buy it. priests in the Roman Catholic Church in Mr. Jackson spoke before the King of the U. S. and one colored priest in the Denmark and was invited by the King Greek Church. of Sweden to visit him. He will pass CThe splendid new building of St. through New York shortly. James Presbyterian Church, in New CMrs. Sharp, who conducts a school York City was dedicated in June. for girls in the bush country, West 168 THE CRISIS

Africa, tells in a letter to friends here (JFear is expressed in a white news­ of the country's need for provisions, be­ paper that Negroes will be able to name cause of the stopping of all commerce. members of the City Council in Way- What little food is left is very high. She cross, Ga., if the new charter is adopted. also tells of the help Major Charles ([Mrs. Alice Jackson, a colored woman Young has given her. He heard of her who with Geo. Savage, white, was con­ school from the natives and built a road, victed of violating the Mann Act and cleared some land, planted rice and gave sent to prison, is in ill health. Savage her one hundred dollars. was pardoned by President Wilson but (IOne of a company of signalers,, at­ no thought has been given to the woman. tached to the First West India Regi­ ([A story comes from Oklahoma of the ment, now taking part in the fighting death-bed confession of Robert Lawson, against the Germans in Africa, displayed a white man, who says he killed and great bravery recently, under a thick robbed M. J. Scott, a wealthy resident fire. of Kingston, De Soto Parish, La., thirty- ([The official report from Paris tells of four years ago. At the time a Negro, the successful capture of a trench near Wash Allen, was quickly lynched for the the Dardanelles, under cover of the dark. crime. Following orders, a mixed company of ([Betty Hicks, who fell heir to an $80,- colored and white volunteers crept on 000 estate from the white father of her hands and knees, up the embankment, •children, has been declared insane by a and so surprised the Turks that they Tennessee jury. There is not the slight­ fired in the air and fled. est contention that she is insane but the ([Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell of the courts want to appoint a white guardian Methodist Episcopal Church, recently for her money. The case is still pending returned from Africa, says that the war in court and the lawyers are getting a is affecting every part of the country, large part of the estate. making living high and stopping busi­ ([John Donaldson, Frank Wickware ness. Fighting between the different and a Cuban named Mendez, all colored, colonial forces is going on all over the are said to be the equal of the best continent. pitchers in the major leagues. White ([Christopher A. Sapara Williams, a managers are aware of the splendid ma­ barrister, native of Sierra Leone, but terial they miss through color preju­ resident in Lagos, is dead. He was an dice. influential man in the colony and held ([Dr. T. T. Wilkerson, of Jersey City, many positions of public trust. left $10,000 to a former fiancee, who broke her engagement to him when she discovered he was colored. She is mar­ COURTS ried and lives in Jersey City. The rest T AWYER HARRY E. DAVIS of of his estate he left to charities in the Cleveland, Ohio, won a case some South. time ago under the Ohio Civil Rights law, where a restaurant had refused to S3 serve a colored man. The case was ap­ CRIME pealed to the highest court. Lately the ' I ' HE following lynchings have taken court has sustained the verdict against A place since our last record: At the restaurant people who were fined Round Oak, Jones County, Ga., S. fifty dollars. Thomas, W. Gordon and S. Farrar and "probably" Green and his son; an "un­ THE GHETTO known man" and perhaps "several /^•ASES which grew out of the mur- more," for the alleged murder of a white ^ der of Negroes by a mob in Pales­ planter who was forcibly collecting a tine, Tex., some years ago, have been "small debt." thrown out of court. At West Point, Mississippi, a Negro ([Senator Vardaman of Mississippi is accused of entering a white girl's room. speaking for Chautauquas throughout At Lewisville, Arkansas, Lon Healy, the west. His subject is always the race who shot and killed Roy Lester after a question. dispute concerning food on credit. MEN of the MONTH | CD £3, A NOTED SINGER time to studies and the education of A NITA PATTI BROWN was born her daughter. She had an extended • near Atlanta, Georgia, and as a knowledge of literature and history, was child showed unusual fondness for sing­ a keen student and singularly free from ing. Pier parents moved to Indianapolis, prejudices. She numbered the leading Indiana, where she sang in the choir but colored men of her day among her in­ her father did little to support the fam­ timate friends. Many of her relatives ily and before she was sixteen the girl attained prominence. Tier brother was was working in private homes for a liv­ the first colored physician of Charleston, ing. Eventually she came to Chicago South Carolina, and at one time post­ and married Mr. A. A. Brown who im­ master of the city. Another brother was mediately made it possible for her to section chief of the treasury department. carry on her studies. A sister was the wife of the late Andrew She won a scholarship in the Chicago T. Tones of Philadelphia. Musical College and soon began her con­ For several years Mrs. Matthews cert trips. She has traveled all over the made her home with her daughter at United States, the British West Indies Macon, Georgia, where her death took and South America and is without doubt place in the spring. one of the best soloists among Negro Americans and notable among Ameri­ cans of any race. A SOCIAL WORKER MRS. MUSETTE B. GREGORY A SOCIAL LEADER •*• • was born in Washington, D. C, MRS. EURETTA B O Z E M A N and educated in the public schools. She MATTHEWS afterward became a was born at Troy, teacher but finally New York, March married Mr. Eugene 28th, 1851. In 1876 Gregory, a graduate she came to Wash­ of Harvard and law­ ington as a teacher yer in New York a^d s o o n attained City. Mrs. Gregory p rominencc as a devotes much of her writer of short time to the work of articles. In 1883 she social uplift. She is a married William E. member of the board Matthews, a success­ of managers of the ful broker and leader Old Folks' Home of in social circles. He Newark and of the acquired a consider­ Music School Settle­ able fortune and ment of New York after his death in City; she is a member 1894 Mrs. Matthews and ex-President of carried on his work. the Phyllis Wheatley Finally, however, she Literary Society of retired from business Newark and founder and devoted her MME. ANITA PATTI-BROWN gj of the Urban Liter- 170 THE CRISIS

THE LATE MRS. E. B. MATTHEWS MRS. M. B. GREGORY

ary Society of Trenton. Most of Mrs. Committee of the Episcopal Cathedral of Gregory's time, however, is given to the St. John the Divine and is doing excel­ Home for Working Girls at 132 West lent service for working girls. The home 131st Street, New York City. This home has been in existence for five years and is under the patronage of the Missionary is now looking for larger quarters.

BANQUET.OF.THEIFEDERATION OF COLORED WOMEN'S.CLUBS, KANSAS CITY, MO. (See p. 1651 Opinions

THE GRANDFATHER DECISION exalt itself as a tribunal of high and ex­ THE NORTHERN The mass (if opinion act justice, by this one splendid stroke." PRESS winch has been brought In the North there is much speculation out by the decision of as to the practical result of this decision. the Supreme Court is, on the whole, "It is a great victory for the colored most encouraging to believers in demo­ race; it is a great victory for civilization cracy, and a distinct warning to the re­ and citizenship," says the New Haven actionary South. The Oklahoma law (Conn.) Times Leader. which was declared unconstitutional is Some papers are very optimistic. The as follows: Gazette of Trenton, N. T., says: "No person shall be registered as an "It is possible that most of the legis­ elector of this state or be allowed to vote lation in the southern states to prevent in any election herein unless he shall be Negroes from voting will be upset, or at able to read and write any section of the least greatly modified." Constitution of the State of Oklahoma; The Gazette Times of Pittsburgh, Pa., but no person who was on January 1, adds: 1866, or at any time prior thereto, en­ "Congress has power to enact laws en­ titled to vote under any form of govern­ forcing the Fifteenth Amendment, and ment, or who at any time resided in it can reach into any state to regulate some foreign nation and no lineal de­ federal elections. The Democrats have scendant of such person shall be denied been talking of passing a cloture rule in the right to register and vote because of the Senate next winter, so that no meas­ his inability to so read and write sections ure can be talked to death and that ac­ of such Constitution." tion one way or the other can be secured. Several papers dwell on the unreason­ If they do that, and in the next or a suc­ able time it has taken the Supreme Court ceeding Congress the Republicans obtain to come to this case. "It has looked for contiol, then there is likely to be revival years," says the Troy (N. Y.) Times, of the effort to assure fuller voting "as if the United States Supreme Court rights to the colored men of the South. would never get face to face with the That opens illimitable possibilities of attempt to disfranchise the Negroes of contention." the South." The Bridgeport (Conn.) Post says: The Boston Post, the Helena (Mont.) "The importance of this ruling for the Record and the New York Evening Post North cannot be over estimated. Part comment upon this. The last paper says: of the Southern control of Congress "Everybody has always known that comes from the effect of such unconsti­ these discriminating suffrage statutes tutional laws. With equal suffrage in were shams and tricks. They pretended the South today that control would not to do one thing while compassing an­ exist in the incoming Congress. The de­ other. But now it is the technicality lov­ cision is of vital importance." ing judges who have brushed aside the The Times of Portsmouth, Ohio, technicalities, gone straight to the heart thinks that this decision "again opens of the case, and declared bluntly that no for contention those civic or quasi pub­ such thing as a 'subterfuge' franchise lic rights, such as the common admission can exist in this republic. All the talk to hotels, theatres, trains and other quasi for years past of doing something to en­ public places and amusements from hance the popular esteem for the courts which the Negro has been quite exten­ seems weak and pale compared with sively debarred." what the Supreme Court has done to Other papers are less optimistic, but 172 THE CRISIS nevertheless hopeful. The Democrat The Buffalo Express says: Chronicle of Rochester, N. Y., writes: "This may end the legal attempts to "The most that can be expected from keep Negroes from voting. But how the decision, in states where race bigotry about the illegal ones? When is the is rampant, is that the status of the col­ United States to suppress intimidation ored voter will be improved. The his­ and false counting?" tory of his struggle for his rights forbids The Norwich (Conn.) Record re­ any hope that he will at once be freely minds us that there are places in the accorded all that is his due. The thing South where a Negro would not dare most to be dreaded is a return to old even "to try to vote." forms of intimidation." The Binghamton (N. Y.) Press says: The New Bedford, (Mass.) Standard "But there is still a question unan­ inquires swered. The Federal Court can abolish "Whether the ingenuity of the south­ the 'grandfather clause,' but it can't ern states will be equal to devising an abolish the grandfathers, or the grand­ arrangement which will, in effect, dis­ sons, either. And the Negro citizen may franchise the majority of the Negroes find in Oklahoma, as they have found without violating the Fifteenth Amend­ elsewhere, that getting the right to vote ment." from the Supreme Court in Washington The Kansas City (Mo.) Journal is is not exactly the same thing as getting sure that "for the time being at least a the right from the election board in tb.eir halt has been called to the defiance of own voting district." the constitutional provision that the right Most of the papers dwell upon the of suffrage shall not be denied by reason essentially undemocratic nature of the of race, color or previous condition of "Grandfather Clause." "It reeked with servitude. Something must be devised injustice," says the Public Ledger of more ingenious than this crude attempt Philadelphia. "These 'trick laws' have to circumvent the plain letter of the 'been a disgrace,' " says the Philadelphia solemn and binding amendment to the Enquirer. It adds: federal constitution, an amendment writ­ "If Southern States were in actual ten in the blood of half a million men danger of being subjected to rule by who gave their lives on Northern and ignorant colored voters there would be Southern fields during four years of much sympathy for them. But there is civil war." no reason why they should be—that is And the Springfield Republican says: if they are willing to eliminate all illit­ "The South is again confronted with erate persons, whether white or black, the suffrage problem by reason of this from the voting franchise. They cannot decision. The nullity of the Oklahoma point to illiterate colored men and say law carries with it the nullity of all sim­ to them, 'You shall not vote,' unless at ilar laws. Practically the effect need the same time they shall point to the il­ not be the capture of the state govern­ literate whites and say precisely the same ments, the county governments and the thing to them." municipal governments by ignorant The Hartford (Conn.) Courant says: masses of voters again enfranchised. "If the South would accept the doc­ Literacy and property tests for voting trine that ignorance is just as bad in a applied as hitherto would insure govern­ white man as in a Negro, and make its ment by the educated portion of the political estimates on personal character population and also that portion having instead of the color of the skin or the a property stake in the community. What tint of the eyes, the white citizens and is now necessary is that the ignorant and the Negro citizens of that region would illiterate white as well as the ignorant soon work their problem out in satisfac­ and illiterate black shall be barred." tory shape." On the other hand, the Plain Dealer A few of the editors strike at the of Cleveland, Ohio, fears that further deeper questions involved. The Boston efforts to circumvent the Fifteenth Traveler, for instance, declares that: Amendment will not only be tolerated "The whites of the South have never, but "welcomed" in the South. as a body, shown any great degree of OPINIONS 17o reverence for any law that conflicted in the attitude of the South towards with their wishes, local or general. The woman suffrage. That section had been conditions prevailing at Atlanta, Ga., of rcpoited as generally opposed to equal late, where companies of soldiers have suffrage, fearing that it would give votes had to protect the Governor of the state to Negro women. Now it is said that from the fury of the mob because of the Democratic politicians in the South feel conscientious performance of his duty, that woman suffrage is their only salva­ is characteristic of die dangerous vaga­ tion. But, as that cause is based upon ries of the white people of the South. equal rights for all, if it is won how can Their neighborhood feuds and murders Negro women be ruled out of the voting are symptomatic of their attitude of class? And if they do vote, will not the mind toward matters of broader nation­ race trouble be as acute as it was be­ al importance. With many of them fore ?" prejudice and hatred are more powerful A fair statement of the conclusion of than statutes and courts. To many of level-headed thinkers is given in the them a lynching is a holiday and a 'nig­ Washington correspondence in the New ger hunt' an occasion of rare enjoy­ York Evening Post sent on the day of ment." the decision. The Milwaukee (Wis.) Leader says: "The most important race decision "The Farmers' alliance and the Popu­ since the Dred Scott holding, is the way list movements made it manifest to the in which the capital today regards the small white farmers that they had an Supreme Court's decision striking down identity of economic and political inter­ the 'grandfather clause' legislation of ests with the Negro renters. It was this the Southern States. Taken in connec­ very fact that made the Populist move­ tion with another of the court's decis­ ment so menacing to the ruling olig­ ions—all rendered yesterday—to the ef­ archies then in control of the Demo­ fect that a Negro not only has a consti­ cratic party. Though devoted to 'white tutional right to vote, but to have his supremacy' and opposed to Negro suf­ vote counted, it is believed that the Ne­ frage, the Democratic organizations in gro once more may become a potent such states as Alabama and Georgia only factor in the community in the South­ succeeded in maintaining their hold by land, wherever he may reside. gigantic ballot frauds in the black coun­ "By upholding a criminal conviction ties. They ceased, by their own showing of election officials in the Oklahoma case in ihe fraudulent election returns, to be for denying Negroes the right to vote, the choice of white majorities and owed and by approving the award of money as their election and continuance in power damages to Negroes turned away from to Negro votes. the registration booths in Annapolis, "The Supreme Court has interpreted Md., the court demonstrated that both and defined the law, but it can not very the penitentiary and the purse of election well invade every voting precinct in the officials are to be used as means of en­ South and place a ballot in the Negro's forcing the nation's supreme law that the hands. When the time shall come, when right of citizens to vote shall not be de­ economic conditions and the education nied or abridged by the United States or of the masses in the South shall awaken the States on account of race, color, or the men who toil and labor to their com­ previous condition of servitude." mon interests, the very class that is now so fearful of 'Negro sovereignty' will be m found appealing to the Negro voter to THE COPPERHEAD PRESS. help save 'Old Massa' from the scala­ SOUTHERN The New York Times leads wags who want to 'confiscate' his prop­ SYMPA- the "copperheads" in the erty. TIIIZEKS North with a long distribe "The Almighty Dollar knows no color against Negro suffrage and line." some fine heroics about "the determina­ The Paterson (N. JO Press says: tion of the white man to rule the land "One of the curious sequences of this wherein he lived!" discussion is the change it has brought The New York Sufi also declares that: 174 THE CRISIS

"There is no sentiment of substantial fessions of fact. The Columbia (S. C.) importance North or South for a radical State says, for instance: change in the political status of the "There are now in South Carolina Negro in the Southern States." about 180,000 white men of voting age "Legal attempts to keep the Negroes and about 175,000 Negroes. Of the from voting may stop," says the Knick­ latter about 33,000 are qualified to ob­ erbocker Press of Albany, New York, tain registration certificates as property- "but the illegal attempts are likely to holders, regardless of literacy and, ac­ continue and they are likely to be suc­ cording to the loose census definition, cessful, for the white people of the south only 40,000 of the Negro male adults are will continue to refuse to let Negroes illiterate. Probably 50,000 or 60,000 rule them through the ballot box. There Negroes in this State are lawfully quali­ is no law which is strong enough to over­ fied to register. In the last presidential come this race prejudice or to suppress election the combined Taft and Roose­ intimidation and false counting." velt vote was less than 2,000." "The situation is almost unbearable," J. C. Manning a banished southerner says the Union Advertiser of Rochester, writing for the Boston Traveler declares New York: that the white masses "voted against "The whites have proved that, if Alabama's disfranchising constitution" necessary, they will resort to force of but all in vain because "ratification was arms to prevent the blacks from gaining secured by the black belt frauds. Dallas the supremacy, and the Fifteenth county, for example, having 2,500 whites Amendment stands directly in the way and 8,000 colored male citizens of voting of their gaining what they will have by age, would return 8,000 majority for the legal methods. Intimidation, bad politics, ratification of the constitution. illegality have been the result of a seem­ "The results we see in Alabama today. ingly unsolvable problem." The present Governor of Alabama is The Waterbury (Conn.) American Governor by the grace of about 60,000 complains of being disturbed since "the voters. There are as many disfranchised country had for the most part become whites in Alabama as there are of dis­ reconciled to the devise by which the franchised colored. The motive of the South had overcome the constitutional legislation was not so much to disfran­ amendment which allowed the Negroes chise the Negro, as claimed, as to obliter­ to vote." ate the opposition to the Democratic The southern editor of the Chicago oligarchy. This fact is what the Ameri­ Tribune in a long and rather maudlin can people need to understand." editorial complains that we are thus The first impulse of the South is to "brought back to the existence of the dismiss such facts together with this de­ Fifteenth Amendment and to the great cision as unimportant. "It may be con­ problem its authors foolishly thought fidently predicted," says the Knoxville could be solved by words. But under­ (Term.) Sentinel, "that any expectations lying this situation there is a problem of of political revolutions in the near future the national mind which affects all our in the South that may be based upon the problems. We indulge ourselves in a decision declaring the 'Grandfather theoretical altruism for which we are clauses' unconstitutional are doomed to seldom willing to pay. We pamper our­ be disappointed." selves with an optimism which we will The Times Union of Jacksonville, not permit to be challenged by uncom­ Fla., is even more naive: fortable facts." "So the South does not need to discrim­ inate between voters on the color line. M The Negro cannot control anywhere, and is not even the balance of power any­ THE SOUTH. where. The Negro has increased the BOURBON The attitude of the South representation of Southern states in AND PRO- toward the Supreme Court Congress, and the vote of Southern GRESSIVE decision is most illuminating. states in the electoral college, and that First, there are certain con­ is all that remains of the effect of the OPINIONS 175

laws that gave him the ballot; and that race officials. But for many years there increase in representation in Congress has existed in these counties a white and in the vote in the electoral college man's league. It includes every reput­ is a Democratic increase, and would re­ able white man, irrespective of politics, main so if the grandfather clause were in the county. As soon as a new comer taken out of every state constitution in arrhes he is invited to join the league. which it has been inserted." Failing to do so, he can obtain no credit Even if there is any danger say or financial assistance from any member. other papers it can be easily "circum­ As these are strictly farming communi­ vented" by "contrivances." Thus the ties where the crops, principally cotton, Raleigh (N. C.) Times says, "It would are raised on credit, the efficiency of the not be hard to devise another amend­ plan is apparent. The white man's ment that would stand." league holds conventions, settles its own The News Observer of the same city differences, political and otherwise, and declares that "Those who think that it is makes its nominations for county offi­ impossible to frame suffrage laws to cers. meet the necessity fail to understand the "Now comes the place where the resource of the statesmanship of the Texas law lends its aid to the leaguers. South." The bonds of county officials must be The Louisville (Ky.) Times suggests signed by responsible individuals resid­ that: ing within the county. As every finan­ "Certain it is that the white man will cially responsible bondsman is a member not again submit to his political domina­ of the league only its nominee can tion as in the days of the Carpetbagger. qualify." The simple expedient of force will Small wonder that the Macon (Ga.) doubtless be used if all other means Nezcs declares "the white primary has fail." long since solved the problem of the On the whole, the faith of the South Negro in politics in this State, and even is pinned to the "White Primary" and if the Georgia registration law should we have two frank explanations of what ever be annulled by the Supreme Court the "White Primary" means. One is of the United States the Negro would from the Columbia (S. C.) State; only be able to participate in the general "As the Negroes ceased voting, in the elections and in the national electipn. early eighties, in the counties, primaries The Negro is eliminated from Georgia were instituted and these rapidly came to politics for good and for all time." be the deciding elections. In 1886 mem­ Several papers, however, see beyond bers of the National House of Repre­ their noses. The Louisville (Ky.) Post sentatives began to be chosen by primar­ pins its faith to the continued solid white ies and some years later the primaries vote of the South. The Charleston became the method of choosing State Nezvs and Courier sees, however, the un­ officers, too. fortunate results of this method of vot­ "In other words South Carolina went ing. "The net result of the 15th Amend­ back practically to the system that pre­ ment, the full force of which is now vailed in 1860. The primary became asserted by the Supreme Court, has been what the general election was then. The to prevent the white people of the South­ Negroes were gradually excluded from ern States from dividing upon political the primaries." questions into those natural divisions The Saginaw (Mich.) News adds this which are the rule elsewhere. It has not illuminating bit: given the Negro any practical advantage "Take for instance the so-called 'black- whatsoever. Instead it has made matters counties' of Texas. In many of these more difficult for him. But it has re­ counties, lying principally in the Colo­ pressed the development of a healthy rado and Brazos river bottoms, the political independence on the part of the Negro population numerically is the whites." largest, and without the methods adopted The real danger of intelligent efforts by the whites to control the majority the in the white South lies in the ignorance blacks could and would elect their own of white people. The Louisiana des- 176 THE CRISIS patch to the New York Herald says that The Houston (Tex.) Chronicle is the coming' constitutional convention most amusing. It practically says "sh!" "will face the problem of whether the "The less said about politics, so far as several thousand of illiterate white the Negro is concerned, and the less voters possessed of no property" shall laws passed and the less commotion in­ be "disfranchised or be admitted to the vited the better it will be for him and franchise through some new method." for the white people with whom he lives The Charleston News and Courier, and to whom, under favorable condi­ says "Wherever any considerable num­ tions, he is of tremendous economic ber of white men are unable to read and value." write there is a joint in the armor of white supremacy. This is the South's, "Southern journalist," writing in the real weakness, which ought to be cured Boston Transcript regards all this of without delay." little avail. He declares that "the gen­ Of course the corollary of this is that eral disqualification of the Negro in the the Negroes must be kept in becoming South by a literacy test is not possible," ignorance ! Meantime the plea to intelli­ and also that the Negro is becoming a gent Negroes not to want to vote and, property holder on a large scale. While not to let their followers vote bobs up, the Supreme Court decision is not likely again. The Nezvs Leader of Richmond, to have immediate political effect yet he Va., says: says: "The intelligent, law-abiding, self-re­ "It will, however, have a revolution­ specting Negroes, who are the product ary, though slow, influence on the whole of the South's 'restricted franchise legis­ social and industrial structure of the lation,' and who are in a position to South. It will be worth, in educational leaven the masses with higher aspira­ value, more than a direct appropriation tions, would be guilty of a crime against or endowment of millions for schools. their race if they did not discourage all It will, in a word, do more to reduce suggestion from any quarter whatever illiteracy than all the propaganda and that the decision in the 'grandfather, compulsory education laws put together. clause' cases stands for aught but what It is not an exaggeration, therefore, to appears on its face." say that the ultimate effect of the de­ The Chronicle of Augusta, Ga., is of cision on Southern development will be course sure that "politics is the greatest but slightly less than that exerted by the danger of the Negro." Emancipation Proclamation." THE BLACK MAMMY

By JAMES WELDON JOHNSON

O whitened head entwined in turban gay, So often hast thou to thy bosom pressed O kind black face, O crude, but tender The golden head, the face and brow of hand, snow; O foster-mother in whose arms there lay So often has it 'gainst thy broad, dark Th.i race whose sons are masters of the breast land! Lain, set off like a quickened cameo. It was thine arms that sheltered in their Thou simple soul, as cuddling that babe fold, With thy sweet croon, so plaintive and It was thine eyes that followed through the length so wild, Of infant days these sons. In times of Came ne'er the thought to thee, swift old like a stab, It was thy breast that nourished them to That it some day might crush thine own strength. black child? Editorial

LINCOLN AND TRUTH FRANK HE picture of Sojourner HE Frank case only offers Truth with Lincoln, on illustration of the truth the cover of your August that in the South all number, revives many things may be brought thrilling childhood mem­ about by an appeal to ories in my mind. So­ prejudice. This case dif­ journer Truth stayed with us dirough fers from similar cases principally in the time of one of the woman suffrage that the victim was a Jew instead of a conventions in New York City. I was a Negro and that a governor had courage little girl and very proud of my reading, enough at the last to resist the popular and I used to read to Sojourner. One clamor for his blood and base his decis­ day she told me, when I suppose I ion on the evidence in the case. The showed some surprise at her not being case also illustrates strikingly the inade­ able to read, that "she could not read quacy of our legal machinery in solving such little things as letters; that she read questions of justice. Frank escaped a men." legal lynching by the narrowest possible

HARRIOT STANTON BLATCH. margin. His sentence was commuted by Governor Slaton only a few hours be­ fore the time appointed for his death. 'VOTES FOR WOMEN" His appeal had been carried to the Su­ HE editor had naturally preme Court of the United States. The expected to embellish majority of the body like that of the this number of THE State Supreme Court based its adverse CRISIS with a particular­ decision entirely on points of law. It ly strong article on practically said that Frank had had a woman suffrage. He fair trial in law, if not in fact. was going to marshall arguments, use a It is also difficult, it seems, for Boards bit of sarcasm and end with some appeal of Fardon and Governors to deal with to justice and sentiment. an "atmosphere"—say such an atmos­ However, after he had read the sym­ phere as that of Atlanta, during the posiums sent us so quickly and court­ hours in which Frank's life hung in the eously by our friends from Boston to balance. Perhaps that is the real reason Tacoma and from St. Paul to Atlanta for the logical decision that a man of he saw no necessity of adding a singie whose guilt there is too grave a doubt word to what must be regarded as one to hang him, may still be found guilty of ihe strongest cumulative attacks on with enough certainty to spend his life sex and race discrimination in politics in a Georgia convict camp. At all events ever written. it is very like the law. VOTES FOR WOMEN

A Symposium by Leading Thinkers of Colored America

THE LOGIC OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE the social evil, and other demoralizing BY REV. FRANCIS J. GRIMKE influences, which directly affect the Pastor ijth St. Presbyterian Church, peace and happiness of the home, the Washington, D. C. kind of laws that are enacted, and the character of the men who are to enforce AM heartily in favor of woman suf­ them, have for women a peculiar, a spe­ I frage. I did not use to he, but it cial interest. was simply because I had not given the subject due consideration. The moment (2). The average woman is just as I began to think seriously about it, I well qualified to form an opinion as to became convinced that I was wrong, and the character and qualifications of those swung over on the other side, and have who are to be entrusted with power as been on that side ever since. I do not the average man. The average man is see how any one who stops to think, in no sense superior to the average who takes a common sense view of woman, either in point of intelligence, things, can be opposed to the franchise or of character. The average woman, for women. What is this right to vote, in point pf character, is superior to the after all? Is it not simply the right to average man ; and, in so far as she is, form an opinion or judgment as to the she is better fitted to share in the selec­ character and fitness of those who are to tion of public officials. be entrusted with the high and responsi­ (3). To deprive her of the right to ble duty of making laws and of admin­ vote is to govern her without her con­ istering the laws after they are made, sent, which is contrary to the funda­ and of having that judgment count in mental principle of democracy. That the selection of public officials? The principle is clearly expressed in the ballot is simply the expression of the in­ Declaration of Independence, where we dividual judgment in regard to such read: "Governments are instituted matters. Such being the case three among men, deriving their just powers things are perfectly clear in my mind: from the consent of the governed." (1). The interests of women are just Under this principle, which is a just as much involved in the enactment of principle, women have the same right to laws, and in the administration of laws, vote as men have. Are they not gov­ as are the interests of men. In some erned? And being governed, can the respects they are even more so. In government imposed upon them be just­ many things, such as the liquor traffic, ly imposed upon them without their con- VOTES FOR WOMEN 179

sent? It is simply to treat them as min­ wife and mother," says the husband in ors and inferiors, which every self-re­ Ibsen's play. "No," replies Nora, "be­ specting woman should resent, and con­ fore all else I am a human being." tinue to resent until this stigma is re­ There is one objection which many moved from her sex. The time is cer­ honestly find it difficult to overcome. tainly coming, and coming soon I believe, There are thousands of men in this when this just claim on the part of country who are theoretically in favor women will be fully recognized in all of woman suffrage, but who would be truly civilized countries. sorry to see their wives and sisters at the polls. They cannot overcome the feel­ m ing that woman loses something of her CHICAGO AND WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE fineness of character when she takes her BY HON. OSCAR DE PRIEST place with a crowd of men to fight out Alderman of the City of Chicago a live issue. Her very need of a pro­ I favor extension of the right of suf­ tector calls forth man's chivalry; take frage to women. The experience in Chi­ away that need and the basis of woman's cago has been that the women cast as in­ strongest appeal to man is gone. telligent a vote as the men. In the first Even this last objection, merely a campaign in which the women voted in practical one, can be overcome. The Chicago, a certain degree of timidity at­ finest and deepest culture is not that tended their advent. In the recent cam­ which keeps its possessor forever en­ paign, however, the work of the women closed in a Doll's House. It is rather was as earnest and the interest as keen that which looks at life in the large, with as that of the men and in some instances a just appreciation of its problems and the partisanship was almost bitter. As sorrow, and that labors in the most in­ far as the colored men are concerned, in telligent manner to right the wrongs that the aldermanic campaign of 1914 the are in existence. When once everywhere feeling was so high that it penetrated woman has entered the fray and helped social, church and other circles and some to clean up some of the graft in our friendships of long standing were threat­ cities and to improve the tone of our ened. In the campaign of 1915 when voting places, even this last fear will colored men were primary candidates for disappear. alderman, the women of the race seemed to realize fully what was expected of m them, and, with the men, rolled up a CHRISTIANITY AND WOMAN very large and significant vote for the BY JOHN HUKST, D.D., colored candidates ; and they were con­ Bishop of the African M. E. Church and sistent at the election, contributing to a Secretary of the Bishops' Council plurality of over 3,000 votes for the suc­ The earlier civilizations seem to have cessful colored candidate in a field of conspired to limit woman's sphere; her five. Personally, I am more than thank­ position and functions as member of the ful for their work and as electors be­ community were to extend so far and no lieve they have every necessary qualifica­ further. Intellectual accomplishments tion that the men possess. and graces could raise her beyond the m status of the slave, but not beyond the POLITICS AND WOMANLINESS estimate put upon a toy, a bauble or a BY BENJAMIN BRAWLEY common-place ornament. Often she was Dean of Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga. subjected to systems leading to degrada­ The argument is all for woman suf­ tion, stifling her soul and stealing away frage. More and more one who takes from her the qualities that make an in­ the opposing view finds himself looking dividual and a woman. The law for­ to the past rather than to the future. bidding her to abstain from the service Each woman as well as each man is a at the Jewish Synagogue, said she should child of God, and is entitled to all the not be seen. Amidst the civilization of privileges of that high heritage. We are classic antiquity, even down to the en­ reminded of the heroine in "A Doll's lightened age of Pericles, she was sub­ House:" "Before all else you are a servient to the caprices and rude pas- 180 THE CRISIS

DR. GRIMKE MR. LEWIS JUDGE TERRELL MISS JACKSON

sions of the other sex. Her fate was of a sound argument is generally a per­ disposed of with little regard to her son amenable to reason and open to con­ wishes. She had even no choice as to viction ; whereas, the holder of an ab­ whom she should marry. The sacred surd argument is always a person blind­ fire of love was not supposed to burn ed by prejudice or bound by some such upon the altar of her heart. She was consideration as custom or sentiment; a but a commodity, a chattel to be bartered person, indeed, to whom it is often im­ off. Under the Roman law, her status possible to prove that 2 and 2 make_4. was hardly that of a human being. The people who oppose votes for Whether under the Empire or the Re­ women are divided into two classes:— public, she had not even a first name. those who boldly declare that women But with the advent of Christianity, are inferior beings, neither fit nor cap­ the path for a true, honorable and last­ able of becoming fit to exercise the right ing civilization was laid. It discarded of suffrage, and those who apologetical­ and upset the teachings of the past It ly contend that the ballot will drag gave woman her freedom, and woman­ woman down from her domestic throne hood has been lifted to the place where and rob her of all gentleness, charm, it justly belongs. Christianity estab­ goodness,—this list of angelic qualities lished equality and community of woman may be extended to any length desired. with man in the privileges of Grace, as It takes only a glance to see the strik­ being heir together with all the great ing analogy between these two argu­ gifts of life; receiving one faith, one ments and the old pro-slavery arguments. baptism and partaking of the same holy The very ease with which they can be table. Its thundering message to all is disproved makes them exasperating. "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there But, regardless of all arguments, for is neither bond nor free, there is neither or against, woman is going to gain uni­ male nor female, for we are all one in versal suffrage. The wonderful pro­ Christ Jesus," and the echo of its teach­ gress made by the sex in the last century ings the world over is to "Loose her and and a half places this beyond doubt. let her go." This progress is nowhere more graphi­ cally indicated than by the fact that in the first edition of the Encyclopedia "ABOUT AUNTIES" Britannica (1771) the article "Woman" BY HON. J. W. JOHNSON, consisted of eight words, "Woman,—the Formerly U. S. Consul to Nicaragua female of man—See Homo." In the There is one thing very annoying edition of 1910 the article "Woman" about the cause of Woman Suffrage and takes up seven pages. Besides there are that is the absurdity of the arguments thirty women among the writers of the against it which one is called upon to Encyclopedia, and the work contains combat. It is very much more difficult articles on more than five hundred to combat an absurd argument than to women, distinguished in history, liter­ combat a sound argument. The holder ature and art. VOTES FOR WOMEN 181

Woman has made her place in the arts, porting them we will render our country she is making her place in the economic a great and much needed service. world, and she is sure to make her place in the political world. WOMAN IN THE ANCIENT STATE m BY W. H. CROCMAN, LITT.D., OUR DEBT TO SUFFRAGISTS Professor of Ancient Languages, Clark Uni­ BY HON. ROBERT H. TERRELL, versity, S. Atlanta, Ga. Justice of the Municipal Court, District of Slowly but steadily woman has risen Columbia from a state of servile dependence to her Of all the elements in our great cos­ legitimate position of respect and con­ mopolitan population the Negro should sideration, and it needs no prophetic be most ardently in favor of woman suf­ vision to see that the full recognition of frage, for above all others, lie knows her civic rights is near at hand. To what a denial of the ballot means to a form a just estimate of her achievements people. He has seen his rights trampled to date one must necessarily take into on, he has been humiliated and insulted consideration the point from which she in public, and he has brooded over his started, that is to say, the condition of weakness and helplessness in private, all her sex in the ancient state. because he did not possess the power For light on this we turn naturally to given by the vote to protect himself in the two most enlightened nations of an­ the same manner as other classes of cit­ tiquity. In the Homeric age woman izens defend themselves against wrong was treated, we should infer, with ten­ and injustice. To those who oppose the der and affectionate regard, and her right of women to vote it may be well virtues were sung by the greatest of to quote the stirring words of Benjamin poets. Even today, after twenty-seven Wade, of Ohio, uttered on the floor of centuries have rolled by, one cannot read the United States Senate, when he was without emotion and a thrill of admira­ advocating Negro Suffrage. He said: tion the story of Penelope's conjugal "I have a contempt I cannot name for fidelity to her absent husband. Nor are the man who would demand rights for we less affected by the scene of Hector himself that he is not willing to grant and Andromache with the babe in her to every one else." arms. Yet it would not be safe to con­ Finally, as a matter of sentiment, clude that these instances were fairly every man with Negro blood in his veins representative of the general status of should favor woman suffrage. Garrison, woman in the ancient state, for at the Phillips. Frederick Douglass and Robert same period there also existed cruelty, Purvis and the whole host of abolition­ brutality, treachery. Beside the fidelity ists were advocates of the rigfht. I often of Penelope may easily be placed the in­ heard it said when I was a bov in Bos­ fidelity of Helen and the perfidity of ton that immediately after the Civil War Paris. Women were captured in war Susan B. Anthony, Tulia Ward Howe, and subjected to the unspeakable. The greatest poem of the ages is but a recital Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other lead­ of the fatal quarrel of two brutal men ers of the women's rights movement at over the disposal of a captive maiden. the request of these men devoted all of Woman had practically no part in state their efforts towards obtaining the ballot affairs. Her duties were chiefly con­ for the Negro, even to the neglect of fined to the home. Says one writer: their own dearly cherished cause, hop­ ing, indeed, that the black man, who "At no time of her life could a woman would be in some measure the benefici­ be without a guardian. If her husband ary of their work and sacrifice, would was not alive, it would be her nearest in turn give them the aid they so sorely male relative, and this person remained needed at that time. Now what our her guardian even when she was mar­ fathers failed to do for these pioneers ried. After her husband's death her son who did so much for our cause before was her guardian. She could not legally and after the great war, let us do for make any contract beyond a shilling or those who are now leading the fight for two—there was no occasion for an woman suffrage. I believe that in sup­ Athenian to advertise that he would not 182 THE CRISIS

MISS BURROUGHS MRS. DAVIS MISS JONES MRS. TURNER

be responsible for his wife's debts—and other social classes, yet so far as women she could not bring actions at law." constitute a class as differentiated from And all this in Athens, in Athens at men, neither can their rights be left with the summit of her greatness ! entire safety solely in the hands of men. It is needless to sav that a somewhat In the gradual extension of statutory similar state of things existed at Rome rights, women are in many countries, where the father had the right of life the equals of men before the law. They and death over every member of the have always been subject to the burdens family. Verily it is a far cry from the of citizenship. The burden of taxation, rostrum of today, graced by the presence generally speaking, falls more heavily of a woman earnestly pleading for her upon them, perhaps because they are civic rights, to that dismal period when more honest in returning their personal she was a negligible factor in human property for taxation, or less cunning in affairs. concealing it. They are subject, equally with men, to the criminal laws, though there, I suspect, for sentimental reasons, WOMEN'S RIGHTS the burden has not fallen so heavily upon BY CHARLES W. CHESNUTT them. Their rights need protection, and Author of "The Wife of His Youth," "The they should be guarded against oppres­ Marrow of Tradition," etc. sion, and the ballot is the most effective I believe that all persons of full age weapon by which these things can be and sound mind should have a voice in accomplished. the making of the laws by which they I am not in favor of woman suffrage are governed, or in the selection of those because I expect any great improvement who make those laws. As long as the in legislation to result from it. The con­ family was the social unit, it was per­ trary, from woman's lack of experience haps well enough for the householder, in government, might not unreasonably representing the family, to monopolize be expected. Women are certainly no the vote. But with the broadening of wiser or more logical than men. But woman's sphere the situation has they enjoy equal opportunities for edu­ changed, and many women have inter­ cation, and large numbers of them are ests which are not concerned with the successfully engaged in business and in family. the professions and have the requisite Experience has shown that the rights experience and knowledge to judge in­ and interests of no class are safe so telligently of proposed legislation. Even long as they are entirely in the hands of should their judgment be at fault—as another class—the rights and interests men's judgment too often is—thev have of the poor in the hands of the rich, of fine intuitions, which are many times a the rich in the hands of the poor, of safe guide to action; and their sym­ one race in the hands of another. And pathies are apt to be in support of those while there is no such line of cleavage things which are clean and honest and between the sexes as exists between just and therefore desirable—all of VOTES FOR WOMEN 183

which ought to make them a valuable ful and encouraging indication. Let the factor in government. friends of equal suffrage take on re­ M newed hope. Victory, and that too on a national basis will ultimately be an ac­ STATES' RIGHTS AND THE SUFFRAGE complished fact. BY HON. JOHN R. LYNCH Major, Retired. U. S. Army; formerly Speaker of the House of Representatives of Missis­ DISFRANCHISEMENT IN THE DIS­ sippi; U. S. Representative, 6th District of TRICT OF COLUMBIA Mississippi, 43rd, 44th a)id 47th Congresses; 4th Auditor of the U. S. Treasury, 1889-93; BY I.. 11. 1IKKSIIAW etc. Of the United Slates Land Office What the friends and advocates of As regards the ballot, men and women equal suffrage have to fear more than are equal in the District of Columbia; anything else, is the dangerous and mis­ both are deprived of it. Citizens of the chievous doctrine of "States' Rights." District of Columbia have not voted Those who are opposed to equal suffrage since 1874, the year in which the ballot contend that it is a local and not a Na­ was taken from them by act of Congress. tional question—one that each State From time to time since then fitful must determine for itself. But what is efforts have been made to recover the a State ? It seems to be an indefinable lost right, but there has been no properly abstraction. "The United States," the organized sustained movement with that National Constitution declares, "shall object in view. guarantee to every state in this Union a The female population of the District republican form of government," but of Columbia exceeds the male popula­ this is a meaningless declaration. It has tion in round numbers by 16,000. In remained a dead letter since the adoption intelligence, in public spirit, in moral in­ of the constitution, because some of the fluence and in support of established in­ so-called states were and are nothing stitutions and philanthropies the female more nor less than despotic oligarchies. population is the equal, and in some in­ We have seen and now see that what is stances the superior of the male popula­ called the "State," in some parts of the tion. If suffrage is ever restored to the country, is simply a part of the white citizens of the District it should be made males who obtained (it matters not to include the women. The right of the how), possession of the local machinery woman to vote rests on the same basis which they call, and the National Gov­ as the right of die man: her humanity. ernment recognizes, as the "State Gov­ "Honio sum, et humani a mi nil alienum ernment." This government never allows puto ;"—I am a human being, and I con­ any of the inhabitants of the "State" sider nothing belonging to the human who are not identified with the ruling race foreign to me is the maxim consti­ oligarchy to have any voice in its govern­ tuting the major premise of the logic of ment. The friends of Equal Rights can human rights. To deny woman the right hope for no favorable action from such to vote is so far forth a denial of her governments as these, for they are not humanity. only close corporations, but they are de­ In the District of Columbia where termined to allow none to become mem­ neither man nor woman votes, the bers of the corporation that the mana­ woman is as worthy a member of the gers can not absolutely and easily con­ community as the man. If Congress trol. With a view of perpetuating them­ should reenact suffrage in the District selves in power through the local ma­ it is difficult to see how it could except chinery called "the State," some of them women from its exercise without fixing have, during the past twenty-five years, upon them an undeserved stigma. The practically nullified the fifteenth amend­ example of women voting in the District ment of the Federal Constitution. The would go a long way toward educating recent decision of the Supreme Court by the backward and unprogressive through­ which some of the different schemes and out the country to the necessity of doing devices for this purpose were declared justice to the other half of our common unconstitutional and void is a most hope­ humanity. 184 THE CRISIS

VOTES AND LITERATURE forms are shown by ottr own state Com­ BY MRS. PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR missioner, Miss Katherine B. Davis. Matthew Arnold defined literature as Advanced methods in school reforms are a "criticism of life." By that he meant shown by Mrs.Ella Flagg Young, Super­ life in its entirety, not a part of it. intendent of Education of Chicago. Ad­ Therefore, if a woman is to produce real vanced methods in the treatment of literature, not pretty phrasing, she needs childhood and adolescence, are shown by to have a firm grasp on all that makes life the bureau of child welfare under Mrs. complete. The completion and perfec­ [ulia C. Lathrop. Each of these women tion of life is love—love of home and have been most kindly toward the family, love of humanity, love of coun­ colored women. In our own race ad­ try. No person living a mentally starved vanced methods of industrial training existence can do enduring work in any are shown by Miss Nannie Ii. Bur­ field, and woman without all the possi­ roughs, Mrs. Charlotte Hawkins Brown, bilities of life is starved, pinched, and Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, and poverty-stricken. It is difficult to love numbers of other colored women in vari­ your home and family if you be outcast ous lines have blazed the path of reform. and despised by them ; perplexing to love By her peculiar position the colored humanity, if it gives you nothing but woman has gained clear powers of ob­ blows; impracticable to love your coun­ servation and judgment—exactly the try, if it denies you all the rights and sort of powers which are today pecu­ privileges which as citizens you should liarly necessary to the building of an enjoy. j :?' ideal country. George Eliot, George Sand, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote great novels be­ cause they looked at life from the point "VOTES FOR MOTHERS" of view of the masculine mind, with a BY MRS. ( OKA LIE FRANKLIN COOK Member of the Board of Education, District background of centuries of suffrage. of Columbia Yet each was peculiarly feminine. It is I wonder if anybody in all this great- a significant fact that the American and world ever thought to consider man's English women who are now doing the rights as an individual, by his status as real work in literature—not necessarily a father? yet you ask me to say some­ fiction—are the women who are most thing about "Votes for Mothers," as if vitally interested in universal suffrage. mothers were a separate and peculiar people. After all, I think you are not so WOMEN AND COLORED WOMEN far wrong. Mothers are different, or ought to be different, from other folk. BY MRS. MARY B. TALBERT Vice President-at-large, National Association The woman who smilingly goes out, of Colored Women willing to meet the Death Angel, that a - Tt should not be necessary to struggle child may be born, comes back from that forever against popular prejudice, and journey, not only the mother of her own with us as colored women, this struggle adored babe, but a near-mother to all becomes two-fold, first, because we are other children. As she serves that little women and second, because we are one, there grows within her a passion to. colored women. Although some resist­ serve humanity ; not race, not class, not ance is experienced in portions of our sex, but God's creatures as he has sent country against the ballot for women, them to earth. because colored women will be included, It is not strange that enlightened I firmly believe that enlightened men, womanhood has so far broken its chains are now numerous enough everywhere as to be able to know that to perform to encourage this just privilege of the such service, woman should help both to ballot for women, ignoring prejudice of make and to administer the laws under all kinds. which she lives, should feel responsible The great desire of our nation to pro­ for the conduct of educational systems, duce the most perfect form of govern­ charitable and correctional institutions, ment, shows incontestible proofs of ad­ public sanitation and municipal ordi­ vance. Advanced methods in prison re­ nances in general. Who should be more VOTES FOR WOMEN 135 competent to control the presence of bar in teaching, directing and executing, to rooms and "red-light districts" than a degree far greater than that of the mothers whose sons they are meant to lather. At his mother's knee the child lure to degradation and death? Who gets his first impressions of love, justice knows better than the girl's mother at and mercy ; and by obedience to the laws what age the girl may legally barter her of die home he gets his earliest training own body? Surely not the men who in civics. have put upon our statute books, 16, 14, More and more is it beginning to be 12, aye, be it to their eternal shame, even understood that the mother's zeal for 10 and 8 years, as "the age of consent!". the ballot is prompted by her solicitude If men could choose their own for her family-circle. mothers, would they choose free women That the child's food may be pure, or bond-women? Disfranchisement be­ that his environment shall be wholesome cause of sex is curiously like disfran­ and his surrounding sanitary—these are chisement because of color. It cripples the things which engage her thought. the individual, it handicaps progress, it That his mind shall be properly de­ sets a limitation upon mental and spirit­ veloped and his education wisely direct­ ual development. I grow in breadth, in ed ; that his occupation shall be clean vision, in die power to do, just in pro­ and his ideals high—all these are things portion as I use the capacities with which of supreme importance to her, who be­ Nature, the All-Mother, has endowed gan to plan for the little life before it me. I transmit to the child who is bone was even dreamed of by the father. of my bone, flesh of my flesh and Kindergartens, vacation-schools, play­ thought of my thought; somewhat of my grounds ; the movement for the City own power or weakness. Is not the Beautiful; societies for temperance and voice which is crying out for "Votes for for the prevention of cruelty to children Mothers" the Spirit of the Age crying and animals—diese and many other out for the Rights of Children? practical reforms she has brought to !fii pass, in spite of not having the ballot. "VOTES FOR CHILDREN" But as she wisely argues, why should she be forced to use indirect methods to BY MRS. CARRIE W. CLIFFORD Hditorary President of the Federation of accomplish a thing that could be done so Colored Women's Clubs of Ohio much more quickly and satisfactorily by It is die ballot that opens the school- the direct method—by casting her own house and closes the saloon; that keeps ballot ? the food pure and the cost of living low; The ballot! the sign of power, the that causes a park to grow where a means by which things are brought to dump-pile grew before. It is the ballot pass, the talisman that makes our dreams that regulates capital and protects labor; come true! Her dream is of a State that up-roots disease and plants health. where war shall cease, where peace and In short, it is by the ballot we hope to unity be established and where love shall develop the wonderful ideal state for reign. which we are all so zealously working. Yes, it is the great mother-heart reach­ When the fact is considered that ing out to save her children from war, woman is the chosen channel through famine and pestilence; from death de­ which the race is to be perpetuated; that gradation and destruction, that induces she sustains the most sacred and intimate her to demand "Votes for Women," communion with the unborn babe; that knowing well that fundamentally it is later, she understands in a manner truly rcallv a campaign for "Votes for Child­ marvelous (and explain only by that ren." ^ vague term "instinct") its wants and its needs, the wonder grows that her TRAINING AND THE BALLOT voice is not the first heard in planning . BY MARY FITZBUTLER WAKING, M. D. for the ideal State in which her child, as Chairman of the Department of Health and future citizen, is to play his part. Hygiene, N. A. C. W. The family is the miniature State, and In the earlier ages, the thought was here the influence of the mother is felt common among the nations of the worid, 186 THE CRISIS

BISHOP HURST MRS. ASBERRY MRS. BRUCE MRS. TERRELL

that woman was not the equal of man. strict obligations which are defined by Socially, religiously and politically she the nature of their idealisms. Art alone was compelled to take an inferior posi­ has kept her covenant with Democracy. tion and to submit to the will and wiles Art is the embodiment of spiritual of man. In some countries she was not ideals. There is no human progress even considered as the legal parent of without a previsioning of the aspiration her own child. through one of the symbolic languages The ability to weigh the merits of the of art. All the great craving desires of persons to fill office and the value of humanity have been promised and at­ ordinances which govern the people, re­ tained through the message of art. Art quires a knowledge of men and affairs. cannot flourish in a democracy, is the A trained mind, no matter in what pro­ critical opinion common to a good many. fession, is more capable of making logi­ I say, that in the future, art will not cal deductions; therefore the people flourish without democracy. All that naturally turn for information to the en­ democracy has gained in the last twenty lightened. The question of sex is of no years it has owed to the ideals of art. importance. Was the social conscience of America The work of the professional woman vitalized by religion or the justice and just as that of the professional man wisdom of political enactments? No; places her in a position to help the many but by an art, the art of poetry. The with whom she necessarily comes in con­ undemocratic methods of industrial tact, and therefore her influence is a power, did the Christian church protest power to be reckoned with. The ethical against it? No; it was a poet with a relations of the professional woman passion and a message. Now, art has makes her, ofttimes, the confidant and seen to it that public opinion consider all advisor of others and for that reason she the rights and demands that democracy should he well informed on political makes towards the justification of its issues and aspirants for public office. ideals. These have not all been accom­ Trained judgment is needed every­ plished. It has got to eliminate racial where and it should alwavs lie armed prejudice which has governmental sanc­ with the ballot. tion, and it has got to win sufferance for M all citizens alike. Art is bringing democ­ racy face to face with beauty, and beauty DEMOCRACY AND ART knows neither race, caste nor sex. The BY WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHEWAITE Author of Anthologies of Magazine Verse, etc. social vision of art is complete. And its We find that at almost every stage of light is ever shining upon the luminous its development Democracy has been be­ figure of Democracy, the ideal Mother trayed by one or another of its idealist of human hopes, the hopes of lite re­ professors, except one. Democracy has jected, of the denied, of the subjected its source in political ethics, but neither individual. religion nor social justice have per­ The voice of art expressing the spirit formed towards it, in practice, those of democracy is beautifully illustrated in VOTES FOR WOMEN 187 this passage from Mr. Witter Bynner's learn that the Negro woman is quite recently published poem "The New superior in bearing moral responsibility. World:" A comparison witli the men ol her race, "To stop the wound and heal the scar in moral issues, is odious. She carries Of time, with sudden glorious aptitude the burdens of the Church, and of the Woman assumes her part. Iler pity in school and bears a great (leal more than a flood her economic share in the home. Flings down the gate. Another striking fact is that the She has been made to wait Negro woman carries die moral destiny Too long, undreaming and untaught of two races in her hand. I lad she not The touch and beauty of democracy. been the woman of unusual moral But, entering now the strife stamina that she is, the black race would In which her saving sense is due. have been made a great deal whiter, and She watches and she grows aware, the white race a great deal blacker dur­ Holding a child more dear than property, ing the past fifty years. She has been That the many perish to empower the left a prey for the men of every race, but few, in .spite of this, she has held the enemies That homeless politics have split apart of Negro female chastity at bay. The The common country of the common Negro woman is the white woman's as heart." ^ well as the white race's most needed ally in preserving an unmixed race. BLACK WOMEN AND REFORM The ballot, wisely used, will bring to BY MISS N. II. BURROUGHS her the respect and protection that she Secretary of the Woman's Auxiliary to the National Baptist Convention needs. It is her weapon of moral de­ The Negro Church means the Negro fence. Under present conditions, when woman. Without her, the race could not she appears in court in defence of her properly support rive hundred churches virtue, she is looked upon with amused in the whole world. Today they have contempt. She needs the ballot to reckon 40,000 churches in the United States. with men who place no value upon her : She is not only a great moral and spiri­ v rtue, and to mould healthy public senti- tual asset, but she is a great economic m:nt in favor of her own protection. asset. I was asked by a southern white woman who is an enthusiastic worker THE SELF-SUPPORTING WOMAN AND for "votes for (white) women," "What THE BALLOT can the Negro woman do with the bal­ BY MISS M. E. JACKSON lot?" I asked her, "What can she do Of the Civil Service of the State of Rhode without it?" When the ballot is put into Island, President of the R. I. Association the hands of the American woman the of Colored Women's Clubs world is going to get a correct estimate Looked at from a sane point of view, of the Negro woman. It will find her all objections to the ballot for women are a tower of strength of which poets have but protests against progress, civilization never sung, orators have never spoken, and good sense. and scholars have never written. "Woman's place is in the home." Because the black man does not know Would that the poorly paid toilers in the value of the ballot, and has bartered field, work-shop, mill and kitchen, might and sold his most valuable possession, it enjoy the blessed refreshment of their is no evidence that the Negro woman own homes with accompanying assur­ will do the same. The Negro woman, ance that those dependent upon them therefore, needs the ballot to get back, might be fed, clothed, properly reared by the wise use of it, what the Negro and educated. man has lost by the misuse of it. She Each morning's sun beholds a mighty needs it to ransom her race. A fact army of 8,000,000 souls marching forth worthy of note is that in every reform to do battle for daily bread. You inquire in which the Negro woman has taken who they are? Why, the mothers, wives, part, during the past fifty years, she has sisters and daughters of the men of been as aggressive, progressive and de­ America. "The weaker vessels," the pendable as those who inspired the re­ majority of whom are constrained from form or led it. The world has yet to necessity. 188 THE CRISIS

DR. WARING DR. CROGMAN MRS. TALBERT PRESIDENT HOPE

There is no field of activity in the Julia Ward Howe, Ednah Cheney, Abby country where women are not success­ Morton Diaz and those other pioneer fully competing with men. In the agri­ workers who were broad enough to in­ cultural pursuits alone, there are over clude "no distinction because of race" 900,000. In the ministry 7,000 dare with "no distinctions because of sex." I preach the gospel with "Heads un­ feel that a movement inaugurated by covered." And 1,010 possess the cour­ men and women of such wisdom and age to invade the field of the Solons, vision as that of the early workers, can­ bravely interpreting the laws, although not dwindle or be side-tracked, and that their brothers in all but twelve of the today, as in those early days, the big forty-five States (so far as the ballot is women, the far seeing women, are in the concerned), class them with criminals, ranks of the suffragists. We can afford insane and feeble-minded. to follow those women. We are justified The self-supporting woman out of her in believing that the success of this earnings, pays taxes, into the public movement for equality of the sexes treasury and through church, club and means more progress toward equality of civic organization gives her moral back­ the races. I have worked, along with ing unstintingly to her Country. other colored women with those pioneers Imagine if you can the withdrawal of in the Abolition movement, in the vari­ this marvelous economic force,—the ous movements to open educational op­ working women of America! It is a portunities for women, business oppor­ fundamental necessity of modern civili­ tunities for women and to equalize the zation. laws; the longer I have been associated The laboring man has discovered be­ with them, the more deeply I have been yond peradventure that his most effec­ impressed by this farsightedness and tive weapon of defence is the ballot m broadmindedness of the leaders, both his own hand. The self-supporting early and late, in the Woman Suffrage woman asks for and will accept nothing Movement. less.

"TRUST THE WOMEN!" Y. W. C. A. BY MRS. JOSEPHINE ST. PIERRE RUFFIN BY MRS. A. W. HUNTON Pioneer in the elub movement among Colored Formerly Adviser to the National Board of Women of the United Stales Directors. Y. W. C. A. Many colored men doubt the wisdom A membership of more than a half of women suffrage because they fear that million, representing some seventeen it will increase the number of our politi­ nationalities, makes the Young Women's cal enemies. I have been in suffrage Christian Association a world move­ work in Massachusetts for forty years ment. and more. I have voted 41 times under In the United States three hundred the school suffrage laws. I was wel­ thousand members, distributed in 979 comed into the Massachusetts Woman's college, city and county associations have Suffrage Association by Lucy Stone, as their objective the advancement of the VOTES FOR WOMEN 189

"physical, social, intellectual, moral and selves, and to have an important in­ spiritual interests of young women." fluence on the quality of the persons One of the most unique and wonderful chosen to direct the schools. characteristics of the association is the At the outset teachers will be con­ adaptability to meet the needs of all fronted by the temptation of power—the types of women, so that its membership temptation to use it for personal or sel­ is as diversified as women's lives and in­ fish ends. What, as a class, will they do terests. This diversified membership, with this temptation! What motives constituting at once the governing and will lie behind their advocacy of men sustaining force of the association, is its and measures? What tests of fitness strongest barrier to any creed save that will they apply to the candidate for their upon which the movement is founded. votes? Will they decline to recognize However difficult it is to express any line qualities for school service in one relation between the association and the who may hold heretical views about in­ suffrage movement, it is not difficult to crease of salaries, or length of vaca­ understand that the association spirit tions? These questions, which would dominating womanhood would count foj test any group of workers, I cannot righteousness in the solution of this im­ answer. I can only submit what seems portant question. an earnest that this group may stand the Acutely suffering from the wrongs test. and humiliations of an unjustly re­ The profession of teaching has a rich stricted suffrage, it is but natural that inheritance. These convictions were be­ the colored woman should feel deeply queathed to it, to have and to hold: that and keenly wherever the question of suf­ the dearest interests of life are in its frage arises. But the colored woman keeping; that its peculiar service to within the association, in common with society is to nourish and perpetuate thousands of her sisters who have been those noblest aspirations called its ideals ; touched by other spiritual forces, is ani­ that to do such work one must be de­ mated by a fine spirit of idealism—an voted and unselfish. idealism not too far removed from This tradition still inspires the teacher. everyday existence to find expression in Some of the unrest, the dissatisfaction service. Hence she is giving her energy with conditions that are everywhere has largely to the development of the highest penetrated her world, but probably no qualities of mind and soul—for these other work is done less in the commercial alone can give to the nation the best spirit nor any service more expanded there is in citizenship. beyond what "is nominated in the bond." Many school rooms are moving pictures m of this spirit at work. VOTES FOR TEACHERS One is warranted in thinking that BY MISS MARIA L. BALDWIN teachers will transfer to their use of the Principal of the Agassis Public School. Cambridac, Mass. ballot this habit of fidelity to ideals. Women teachers in those states where school suffrage has already been granted WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND SOCIAL them have found out that even so meagre REFORM a share of voting power has given them BY MISS ANNA H. JONES a definite influence, and has brought Chairman of the Department of Education, about a few notable results. In several National Association of Colored Women cases local schools have been kept, by Of the four great institutions of the women's vote, from the control of human uplift—the home, the school, the persons who threatened all that was best church, and the State, woman has a di­ in them. Candidates for election to rect controlling force in the first three school boards reckon early with the institutions. In the State her influence "teacher vote" and hasten to announce at present is indirect. Since her control their "rightness" on this or that issue in the three is unquestioned, should she supposedly dear to teachers. It is wholly not have the legal means—the ballot—to reasonable to infer that the extension widen and deepen her work? of the suffrage will enable teachers to In terms of today, her work is the secure more consideration for them­ conservation and improvement of the 190 THE CRISIS

MRS. HUNTON MR. CHESNUTT MAJOR LYNCH MR. HERSHAW child ; child labor laws, inspection of the The special object of that conference health of school children, safeguarding was to repel and refute a vicious state­ the youth in the home, in the school, in ment by an evil minded individual who the court, in the street, in the place of had given currency to his false and mis­ amusement. Her work is the prevention leading statements in book form. A of vice with its train of physical and national association called The National moral evils; the enactment of laws to Federation of Colored Women, was secure and regulate sanitation, pure formed at this conference. food, prohibition, divorce; the care of The first convention of the new or­ the aged, the unfortunate, the orphan. ganization was called to meet a year All the questions touch in a very direct later in July 1896, in Washington, D. C. way the home—woman's kingdom. In August of 1896 the first convention When an experiment has been tried of the National League of Colored for a certain purpose it seems logical to Women was held. The two organiza­ refer to its success or failure. A review tions united under the name, National of the States in which women have had Association of Colored Women. In 1916 the ballot will show that their exercise this organization will hold its tenth bi­ of the franchise has been along the lines ennial session in Baltimore, Maryland. of reform mentioned above. Her ballot One year ago in Wilberforce, Ohio, the has not been cast against the forces of largest and most successful convention right. Is it probable that in the other, in its history was held. Over four hun­ the more conservative States, her course dred delegates, representing 50,000 will be less judicial ? women organized in clubs throughout It may take a little time for woman to the country, were present. The dele­ learn to make the ballot count for gates came from the East, the West, the righteousness, but her closer view, and North, the South. The burden of the sympathetic touch will be of material song of the numberless reports and ad­ assistance in the solution of the social dresses was social service not alone for problems that confront her as the home- colored people but for humanity. Miss maker. Zona Gale said of the meeting that she The century awaits the "finer issues" had never attended a convention which of woman's "finely touched spirit." so confirmed her belief in the possibili­ ties of the common human race. m One thousand clubs are numbered COLORED WOMEN'S CLUBS with The National Association of BY MRS. B. K. BRUCE Editor of the official oraan of the National Colored Women. In 1912-13 these clubs Association of Colored Women raised $82,424. Over $60,000 was spent The national club movement among in purchasing property for Orphans' colored women began definitely in 1895, Plomes, Working Girls' Homes, Chris­ when a call was sent out from Boston tian Association Homes, Social Settle­ bv Mrs. [osephine St. P. Ruffin to a ments and so on. In 1914 the valuation number of prominent colored women to of the various properties exceeded $100,- meet in conference. 000. VOTES FOR WOMEN 191

VOTES FOR PHILANTHROPY women are advanced to prove that BY MRS. ELIZABETH LINDSAY DAVIS colored men should not be allowed to National Organiser, National Association of vote. The reasons for repealing the Colored Women Fifteenth Amendment differ but little The New citizen is no longer a novelty from the arguments advanced by those nor an experiment. She is demonstrat­ who oppose the enfranchisement of ing at all times her fitness for her duties women. Consequently, nothing could be and responsibilities by study ; by insist­ more inconsistent than that colored peo­ ent investigation of all candidates for ple should use their influence against public office regardless of party lines; by granting the ballot to women, if they be­ an intelligent use of the ballot in correct­ lieve that colored men should enjoy this ing the evils arising from graft, dis­ right which citizenship confers. honesty and misappropriation of public funds; by persistent agitation to arouse What could be more absurd and civic consciousness, until now she is a ridiculous than that one group of indi­ potent factor in the body politic. viduals who are trying to throw off the yoke of oppression themselves, so as to Men recognize her intuitive ability to get relief from conditions which handi­ think and decide for herself, respect her cap and injure them, should favor laws opinions and bid for her vote. and customs which impede the progress The keynote in the music of the of another unfortunate group and hinder Twentieth Century is Social Service, and them in every conceivable way. For the in no better way can systematic philan­ sake of consistency, therefore, if my thropy be done than by using the power sense of justice were not developed at of the ballot upon the heads of the great all, and I could not reason intelligently, corporations and private individuals to as a colored woman I should not tell my direct their attention to the serious con­ dearest friend that I opposed woman sequences of present day industrial and suffrage. social unrest, the crime, disease, and poverty emanating from bad housing But how can any one who is able to and unwholesome environment, to train use reason, and who believes in dealing their hands to give systematically to the out justice to all God's creatures, think cause of human betterment. it is right to withhold from one-half the Woman is a pioneer in the forward human race rights and privileges freely movement for Social uplift, racial and accorded to the other half, which is community development, whether for neither more deserving nor more capable the abandoned wife, the wage earning of exercising them ? girl, the dependent and delinquent child For two thousand years mankind has or the countless hordes of the unem­ been breaking down the various barriers ployed. which interposed themselves between The highest and most successfully de­ human beings and their perfect freedom veloped philanthropical work depends to exercise all the faculties with which absolutely upon the control of political they were divinely endowed. Even in influence by the best American citizen­ monarchies old fetters which formerly ship, men and women working in unity restricted freedom, dwarfed the intellect and cooperation at the polls. and doomed certain individuals to nar­ row circumscribed spheres, because of the mere accident of birth, arc being WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND THE 15TH loosed and broken one by one. In view AMENDMENT of such wisdom and experience the BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL political subjection of women in the Honorary President of the National Associa­ United States can be likened only to a tion of Colored Women relic of barbarism, or to a spot upon the Even if I believed that women should sun, or to an octopus holding this repub­ be denied the right of suffrage, wild lic in its hideous grasp, so that further horses could not drag such an admission progress to the best form of government from my pen or my lips, for this reason : is impossible and that precious ideal its precisely the same arguments used to founders promised it would be it seems prove that the ballot be withheld from nothing more tangible than a mirage. 192 THE CRISIS

VOTES FOR HOUSEWIVES might exclude a large portion of present BY MRS. LILLIAN A. TURNER voters. But my concern is with the Honorary President of the Minnesota Associ­ housewife, the future voter, as tested by ation of Colored Women's Clubs the wise man's definition. That the housewife, that great reason- Now, Sentiment is the housewife's er, will vote intelligently, is my happy most cherished possession; to this asser­ conclusion, after reading the ponderous tion all agree—the man, the anti-suffra­ decision of a wise man, who protests that gist and the rest of us. Furthermore, voters should be "only those who are lack of excessive use will keep it so, for able to substitute reason for sentiment." the housewife early learns to substitute It is such a relief to have an impartial Reason for Sentiment. When Sentiment definition even though its close analysis wails because husband walks two steps ahead instead of beside her; weeps because Boy's curls are shorn; foolishly resents the absence of the old at­ tentions, and more foolishly dwells on an infinite variety of things, Reason comes nobly to the rescue and teaches her that none of these things are necessary to life. Reason is the constant substitute for her. cherished Sentiment. But Reason's assertion, that protection from vice for Son of the Shorn Curls, is im­ practicable for busi­ ness reasons, is too difficult for mental gymnastics. Sentiment conquers, and the housewife unreason­ ably demands the bal­ lot to protect Son! However, Reason be­ ing already so well de­ veloped through "dis­ cipline by substitution" (still quoting the wise man) I have ceased to tremble when I hear dire predictions of the ruin that is expected to follow the rapid ap­ proach of woman's franchise.

[Articles were received too late for insertion from Presi­ dent John Hope, Hon. C. W. The bronze tablet in memory of Harriet Tubman erected at Auburn, Anderson, Mrs. G. W. Mor­ New York. Designed and cast by John Williams, Inc. gan, Hon. W. H. Lewis and Bronze Founders, New York. Mrs. N. J. Asberry.l THE RAINS A Story of Jamaica By KELSEY PERCIVAL K1TCHEL

"Some love too little, some too would find the boy employ­ long, ment. There is scant room for Some sell and others buy; younger sons at Home. Some do the deed with many The letter brought Colonel tears, Willoughby in person to see the son of his long ago chum. And some without a sigh: And rather excitedly, for he For each man kills the things was old and addicted to the use he loves." of planters' punch, he besought The Ballad of Reading Teddy to take the place of Gaol. head-man at Blenheim, which was one of the Colonel's estates laid edgewise on the WHEN Teddy Bamaby South side of the Blue Moun­ " * sailed for Jamaica he tains. With the situation carried mingled feelings of went the princely remuneration heroism, heartache and hope in of two hundred pounds a year. his youthful breast. He was thoroughly alive, so he told his So Teddy packed his Lon­ friends, to the grave impor­ don clothes and his French tance of his departure for the novels in the two tin boxes distant wastes of the tropics. which the Colonel had insisted How could there be a real civ­ he would need to protect his ilization so far from Hyde belongings from the ants and Park he questioned. rain, and the two men drove His eyes stung a bit as he to Gordon Town; there they watched a certain little figure found pack-mules and the lean grow dim on the wharf as the hill horses waiting to take them "Port Antonio" slid into deep up the narrow trail to the water. Oh, yes, he loved her mountains. truly, the pink-and-white girl Riding past sugar - banana - standing there waving her and coffee-plantations and then handkerchief and crying. He into the steamy darkness of the promised himself for the hun­ virgin forest Teddy Barnaby dredth time to make haste to stared about him with a .faint earn enough for his return to distaste: Jamaica was too England for the wedding they crude; he preferred England. had planned together so often. And this fact he told his Then he considered the para­ mother and his promised wife disaical season that should be in almost all of the fat letters theirs in Devon after which She.would he sent home. He described too, as go back with him to the islands. He vividly as possible his one-room tin was sorry for himself. From self pity house and his loneliness—especially the his thoughts ran on to the hazy but loneliness. limitless schemes he had for fortune- In time he discovered that the island­ making in the coffee-fields. ers were really civilized enough to have Once in Kingston he settled comfort­ tea in their precipitous rose-gardens just ably in the slow gait of tropic life, wait­ as the people in England did. ing unconcernedly for the issue of a let­ Daily he amused himself by imagining ter his father had sent to a friend of the how the dainty pink-and-white person Rugby days, gone years before to the would adorn the rose-embowered cottage West Indies. It had been hoped he among the cloud-capped mountains; and 194 THE CRISIS he planted roses against the corrugated- He braved them for two weeks. Then iron walls preparing for the future. something in him snapped—the tender This, too, he wrote about to the two threads which bound him to the outer women who secretly cried a little and world, the White world of the north. kissed the letters much. The interminable ages between a day­ But as the months scarcely varying in light and a dark came full of a hideous, heat, passed, his enthusiasm for the new dread. A longing for companionship work wore away and Teddy looked gripped him. Pie wondered how he about for diversion; letter-writing could could endure the night of shadows ; the not fill all the long blank evenings after prying fingers of the rain about the roof ; the Rains came. the phantoms tapping at the door till in The Rains were partly responsible for spite of himself he opened to them to his choice of diversion. find nothing but a wild breath of the They march over the mountains mountain spirit which blew mockingly straight and heavy without wind or upon his cheek wetting it with warm thunder; shutting out hill after hill, tree rain. Fretfully he would slam the thin after tree ; the rocks seem to gush water; door shut and sit nursing his thoughts springs start from under a man's very which were anything but wholesome. feet; and the rivers roar and groan under Something in him snapped, that night, their burden. When, at rare intervals indeed. the clouds break, the unfathomable blue of the tropical sky is revealed an 1, per­ After the two months passed and the haps, the palpitant pale line of the sea ; -breaking clouds let the streaming, smok­ then the light and color vanish behind ing hills extend their vast backs in the the grey circle of snoring rain. And al­ warmth of the revivifying sun, Teddy ways from the valleys rises the deep took up his life where he had left it off song of running water. or near enough to the old way to deceive Teddy sat in his one room shuddering himself. with loneliness. And so, when slender Astride his Waler he went among "the black Phema came with the regularity of people" as they gathered the scarlet the early nightfall to prepare his tea and cherries on the hill-sides; he dogged the light the lamp, he found himself making "boys" cutting "bush," and when the excuses for her to stay and listen to him spirit moved him he flicked the bent talk. He was very lonely. backs with the curling whip which was The Rains may be borne for a day or always tucked in his belt. In return two or for a week, but when the narrow they loved him ; loved him for the very ring of rain curtains the newcomer for welts and bruises which he lavished on a month or more, he stands in danger of them. And added to the reverence and many things. He must have iron nerve affection for him as the better man or no imagination to live the first wet which stirred the hearts of the male season through alone without a scar on blacks, the women worshipped him. mind or conscience. The older planters Through the picking he was always pass the time with bottle or book ; with far afield and Phema brought his lunch­ accounts or butterfly collections, or in eon daily down the steeps. The tray, whist at ha'penny points. But Teddy, laden with curried fowl and boiled remembering the Summer storms at plantain and covered neatly with a serv­ home idled at his window waiting for iette from the interested gaze of _the the clouds to lift. people, made the journey on her head; He was the only white man on the she never raised her hand to steady it as mountain then, for the Colonel had be­ she swayed between the coffee-trees, her taken himself to England to drink the slim body balancing from rock to rock, wine of his youth, and Teddy was left her skin showing blue-black through the in charge of "Blenheim." He should rags of her bleached blouse. have known better—the Colonel—his She was attractive in her way and it head-man was too young and too ignor­ was a way that Teddy liked. There was ant of hill-life to watch out the first a pleasure for him in her eyes as from Rains alone. under her vivid handkerchief they THE RAINS 195 sought his with the glance of abject little longer than usual but he could not love; he liked her fresh, damp lips pro­ bring himself to tell her any more. truding childishly as though she pouted She watched him ride singing down ever so little; he liked the supple play the path, and she waited for his home­ of her body at the waist, and the small coming. She put the tin house in faultless breasts under the coarse linen. order ; she cooked his ricey-coco, and she Placing the tray beneath some or­ waited. ange-tree she would kneel waiting her Then a whisper grew and stirred master's will. In the ring of shade, lean­ among the people that the Young Mas­ ing over his trav he would toss a word ter had gone Home to take a wife. Pa­ to her now and then at which her face tiently Phema denied and waited. would light and flinging her arms The roses which Teddy had planted across her chest she would rock with flourished, half-covering the unsightly joy, crooning some black girl's bewitch­ walls and Phema tended them, still wait­ ing song of the hills. ing. The black women shunned her and And Teddy was content. laughed behind their hands for she had He dropped into the way of calling her been too simple and too happy to throw by names which his tongue had learned an>' cloak of concealment over her great in England—names belonging to a fairer enchantment. So in her solitude she woman. waited. When he thought of home it was Teddy Barnaby and his wife stepped vaguely ; when letters came he read them from the gang-plank of the "Port An­ carefully, affectionately, but his fancy tonio" six months later and he carried did not fly so often to the possibilities of his head with the conscious pride of the the rose-embowered cottage. man who walks beside a woman more At last the crop was in and rejoicing than pretty and who is all—his. at die respite from his labors, Teddy It was not reluctantly that they had his horse saddled for a journey to mounted their horses and started on the Kingston. Meekly Phema packed the upward climbing path to the cloudy clothes of civilization in the tin box; hills. The future held so much for both then with her dog-like eyes she followed of them that they were eager for each him down the bridle-path till he disap­ day's dawning. peared behind a shoulder of the moun­ She looked with curiosity about her; tain. At once she set about preparing a so lately come from bland and urban feast for his return. England the ride through the virile, She learned that season to face him primal jungle was an awakening. She dry-eyed when he announced his inten­ had only known tamed trees and fields tion of departing for "the bottom." He and flowers and fragrant blossomed disliked tears. She tried to reason out hedgerows along quiet lanes; she had some comfort for herself but always only known passionless, faint skies and ended with the simple wish that he she gazed wide-eyed at the raw gigantic would never go away from her again. wilderness. She felt, so she told Teddy, So the year ran out that kept the as though behind the lush trees, the Colonel in England. beetling cliffs, the blazing sky there He arrived at last in his big stone lurked a Thing with enigmatic smile, house and he brought many messages waiting, brooding . . . from two women for Teddy. And in He laughed outright at her. "That's fond remembrance of long sweet Eng­ silly, you know, little woman!" and lish days that caused him to wink quick­ thereafter she kept her fears to herself. ly in recalling, he offered the boy six The path twisting on itself wound months' leave and a generous advance through teak and mahogany forests. upon the two hundred a year. Tall wild begonia and heliotrope brushed Teddy, with all the stored-up heart- the face of Teddy's wife "As though hunger of eighteen months' absence from thev were trying me!" she thought with everything that he held dear, exulted as a little shiver. In the indentures of the he ordered Phema to pack his boxes. highlands—creases left by some dead He intimated that he might be gone a volcano—singing burns danced down 196 THE CRISIS

over massed rocks and between high broths; or else hemming sundry gar­ fern. On one side rose the sheer hills ments ; once he said to her: to the scintillant sky; on the other they "Don't poke about too much; you may fell away till rivers and verdure below run across a skeleton!" and they both were lost in mist. Sometimes a string laughed. Gradually her dread of the of galled donkeys laden with coffee Thing grew less. would pass, crushing Teddv and his wife As for Teddy, he had not seen Phema close to the warm red rocks. since his return and he harboured a hazy Lianas reached across the path; hope at the back of his brain that the orchids flickered in the trees like living Colonel must have "heard something" flame; John Crows hung motionless and sent her to another estate; he was waiting for the ever-present death to a good sort, the Colonel, and he would feed them. To Teddy's wife everything do that, Teddy was quite sure. So he seemed to be waiting. pushed his memories aside. Darkness fell and the homely little But there came a morning when as • lights shone out from the tenants' huts the black girl cleared the breakfast table, and in the air was the sharp smell of she glanced toward Teddy's wife filling wood fires and frying yams. The Peak- a shallow bowl with flaunting orchids, shouldered up into the brightening stars and some obscure emotion rose in her, and in the stillness of the hill-night some world-old race-hate for the flower­ Teddy and his wife came to Blenheim. like face. The Colonel, pushing aside his own "Phema, she sick, Missus," she said punch which was dearer to his heart laconically. than all the grapes of Italy, honored Instantly the orchids dropped and the them with his imported bottles. And as mobile countenance, reflected the sympa­ thev laughed and lingered over dinner he thy of the voice that asked where Phema told how the tin house had undergone a was to be found and who Phema was. change for the bride's sake—it was "now "She yonder, Missus," and the girl a bungalow over which I trust you arc pointed to a thatched hut below the to reign in happiness!" he said gallantly. bungalow. He led them there in the starlight and "Why, I didn't know anyone lived it was the rose-embowered cottage of there! You girls have always said the Teddy's dreams come true. And then hut was empty—" and Teddy's wife the Colonel left them with their new hastily filled the bowl with her flowers, happiness and their old love. then clasping a jar of broth in her hands Teddy's wife was provided with two and with a bancra full of medicines on black girls who were to obey her house­ her arm, she scrambled down the coffee- wifely commands and to serve the meals fields to the hut. in the jalousied dining-room. Teddv no The acre of ground surrounding it longer staved in the fields for luncheon was planted in scallions; a dishevelled but rode the hot steep miles to sit in the banana grew beside the step and in the bungalow with the girl whose face path wallowed a scraggy hog. haunted him all the hours he was away The door and single window were from her,—the face with its fearless tightly closed in order to keep out the eyes and mouth to be crushed with kiss­ "duppy" that seeks to enter a house of ing. sickness. Teddy's wife tapped, expect­ But she bein? mistress of so small a ant of the dozen friends who hover- dwelling found, that prolong it as she round the bed of an afflicted black, but might, she could occupy but a portion there was no answer. She lifted the of each day in the care thereof, sought wooden latch and stepped within, blind­ out the "poor" as she called the blacks. ed at first with the dark of the airless For the whole of a London season she room. Faintly she heard the broken had slummed and now she threw herself speech of delirium. enthusiastically into the life of the peo­ Over and over the voice said a name. ple. Teddy's wife shrank against the door, Teddy came home from the coffee- a catch in her throat—why must it be fields to find her brewing gruels and that name of all there were in the world, N. A. A. C. P. 19/ she thought. Then goaded by the spec- Ah! yo' buckra will not even let us tre-thing smiling, waiting in the great black people die in peace! W use us hideous jungle—smiling at her and her fo' yo' work or to' yo' pleasure like de puny fear—she walked across the room. mules, until we die—den yo' come to She leaned over the tossing bundle in look an' laugh !" the corner and her clasp on the jar of Teddy's wife shivered again and the broth tightened; her heart beat thickly jar of broth slipped from her fingers. and she shivered a little for in the crook Phema's small, choked whisper con­ of the black woman's arm lay a child tinued : but a few hours born and it was nearly "Yo' be de wife Young Massa went white. to England to fetch out. Me know! The mother's eyes, blued with pain Me watched yo' in de house wid he. . . . and the shine which precedes death, Yo' kep' he from me t'rough one dry opened and the clouded mind struggled season and de Rains . . . an' yet, Young to understand the meaning of the face Massa did gib me—dis!" She touched that had risen from the silence to stare the child; her red-brown eyes met the at the baby in that dreadful way. Rea­ blue ones of Teddy's wife while over son came presently and Phema snatched each face crept die grey of death—one the baby close to her meagre breast and of the body—one of the soul. whispered: And outside in the hard, white sun­ "Why, Missus,.-hab yo' come? Yp' light Teddy Barnaby rode singing home want my baby? . . . His baby? . . . to luncheon.

National association for the advancement of colored people--^^^rfK ^^Uati^MBi

VITALIZING THE FIFTEENTH which those who were entitled to vote AMENDMENT prior to January 1, 1866, those who were The decision of the United States then foreigners, and their lineal descend­ Supreme Court handed down by Chief ants were exempted. Chief Justice Justice White, a Southerner and ex- White handed down first the Court's Confederate soldier, and declaring the opinion in the Oklahoma case of Guinn "Grandfather Clause" laws void, is the and Beal and that made the ruling out most important decision affecting colored of the Maryland statute inevitable. The people rendered by the Supreme Court Court was unanimous in the two princi­ in twenty-five years. It vitalizes the pal cases. Mr. Justice Lamar dissented Fifteenth Amendment. The National in the case from Oklahoma wherein Mr. Association which through its President, fustice Holmes delivered the opinion. Mr. Moorfield Storey, filed a brief in the Mr. Justice McReynolds took no part in Guinn and Beal case from Oklahoma the cases. had a part in this important proceeding. The Constitution of Oklahoma, upon Three cases were before the Court: one which that territory was admitted to from Maryland where the clause was the Union as a State, gave something embodied in a law relating to registration like manhood suffrage. Prior to the and municipal elections ; two others from election of 1910, however, an amend­ Oklahoma where the clause was em­ ment was adopted restricting the fran­ bodied in an amendment to the Constitu­ chise by a "Grandfather Clause." The tion which imposed a literacy test from case from Oklahoma known as the 198 THE CRISIS

case of Frank Guinn and J. J. Beal recognized to have from the beginning, vs. the United States arose from the but that its provisions were wholly in­ indictment and conviction of certain operative because susceptible of being election officers in Oklahoma for their rendered inapplicable by mere forms of part in enforcing- the State Constitu­ expression embodying no exercise of tional Amendment in question at the gen­ judgment and resting upon no discern­ eral election in 1910. The opinion of the ible reason other than the purpose to Supreme Court was technically an an­ disregard the prohibitions of the amend­ swer by that Court to questions certified ment by creating a standard of voting to it by the United States Circuit Court which on its face was in substance but of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. a revitalization of the conditions which, The United States Government was when they prevailed in the past, had represented by its Solicitor General who, been destroyed by the self-operative on the request of our President, Mr. force of the amendment. * * * It is Storey, permitted him to file a brief for true it contains no express words of an this Association. This was done in exclusion, from the standard which it October, 1913, and Mr. Jackson Ralston, establishes, of any persons on account an eminent lawyer of Washington, D. C. of race, color, or previous condition of who presented the brief to the Court for servitude prohibited by the Fifteenth Mr. Storey, wrote that the Solicitor Amendment, but the standard itself in­ General had expressed himself as being herently brings that result to existence, extremely sympathetic with regard to since it is based purely on a period of the position taken by this Association, time before the enactment of the Fif­ and confident as to what he apparently teenth Amendment and makes that regarded as the necessary result of the period the controlling and dominant test argument. of the right of suffrage. The Association's offer of assistance "We are unable to discover how, un­ to the colored men concerned in the less the prohibitions of the Fifteenth Maryland cases brought to test the Amendment were considered, the slight­ validity of the Annapolis Election Law est reason was afforded for basing the was refused. It afterward developed classification upon a period of time prior that these suits were set on foot by the to the Fifteenth Amendment. Certainly State Central Committee of the Repub­ it cannot be said that there was any lican Party during the campaign of 1909. peculiar necromancy in the time named which turned upon the issue of a dis­ which engendered attributes affecting franchising amendment to the State Con­ the qualification to vote which would not stitution. This amendment was defeated. exist at another and different period un­ The suits were tried in the lower court less the Fifteenth Amendment was in by the Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte and view." other counsel. Mr. Bonaparte did not, m however, argue the cases in the Supreme Court. It is reported that immediately LOUISVILLE SEGREGATION after Judge Morris of the United States ORDINANCE District Court of Maryland declared the The National Association has also put Election Law invalid, the town of Elli- its legal work on record in the Louisville cott, Md., was unable to hold its election segregation case passed upon by the because both Republicans and Democrats Kentucky Court of Appeals on June 18 refused to serve as election officers. when the Court declared the segregation ordinance valid. This case was carried The Chief Justice of the United States through the lower courts to the Court of Supreme Court summed up the opinion Appeals by the Louisville Branch of the of the Court in these words : N. A. A. C. P., with the assistance of "There seems no escape from the con­ the National office. The Branch began clusion that to hold that there was even its activities in this case about a year ago possibility for dispute on the subject when the Chairman of the Board of would be but to declare that the Fif­ Directors of the National Association teenth Amendment not only had not the and Mr. Brinsmade, who was then its self-executing power which it has been attorney, addressed a mass meeting in N. A. A. C. P. 199

Quinn Chapel, Louisville, called to pro­ drawn. The makers of the Louisville test against the passage of the ordinance. ordinance claim that its strength is in its The decision of the Court of Appeals protection of vested right9. In giving was anticipated by the National Associa­ the decision of the Kentucky Court of tion and a representative from Head­ Appeals, the Judge said that if colored people did not like the parts of the city quarters was in pLouisville when the Court declared the ordinance valid. A in which they were segregated, they series of meetings was immediately held could improve them as whites have im­ by the local Branch culminating in a proved the sections they occupy! mass meeting at which the work of the One of the most aggravating things Branch was endorsed and a Committee about diis ordinance is that it does not of One Hundred and More of its mem­ represent the real feeling of the best bers organized to begin a campaign to white people of Louisville who have gen­ raise part of the funds necessary to carry erally been friendly to colored people. It the case up to the Supreme Court of the is the result of the work of a few poli­ United States. The Committee of One ticians who represent the interests of a Hundred and More represents all ele­ small group of white property owners. ments of the city including churches, Many of the white people of Louisville, schools, and secret societies, and is work­ although they are indifferent and would ing under twenty-five captains. The take no active part against the ordinance, National office has agreed to furnish the disapprove it, and some openly express balance of the funds necessary and to their condemnation. The only ones, cooperate with the Branch with legal ad­ however, who had the courage publicly vice. A full account of the work of the to protest were three white women, rep­ resentative Southerners, who when the Committee will appear in a later issue of measure was before the Mayor, went to THE CRISIS. him and urged him not to sign it. The The importance of the Louisville ordi­ Men's Federation took no'action what­ nance is far reaching: Birmingham, Ala., ever on this ordinance. In this con­ and other cities are watching the out­ nection it is interesting to note that this come of this case before proceeding to club, which claims to represent the civic pass segregation ordinances. A segrega­ interests of Louisville, does not include tion case brought by the Baltimore in its membership Unitarians, Roman Branch to test the new city ordinance is Catholics, Jews or colored people! now pending in the highest court of Maryland, and in St. Louis our Branch Just before this ordinance passed, an is endeavoring to check the attempt attempt was made by another group of which local real estate men are making property owners to introduce Jim Crow to pass a segregation ordinance by means cars. This group of white people who of an initiative petition. are developing a new suburb, to reach In the Louisville case, C. H. Buchanan, the heart of the city are obliged to ride a white man, is suing William Warley, through a colored section of the town a colored man, for failure on the part of in cars which are often crowded with the latter to fulfil his contract in paying colored people. It is reported that the for a lot which he purchased from failure of this effort to bring in the Jim Buchanan and on which one hundred Crow car was largely due to some broad- dollars has already been paid down. Mr. minded white women. Warley, who is President of the local It will be remembered that the Na­ Branch, refuses to pay the balance, on tional Association refused to associate the ground that he is prevented from with counsel in the Jim Crow car case using the lot by the segregation ordin­ brought from Oklahoma known as Mc- ance. The men who are responsible for Cabe et al. vs. Atchison, Topeka and the Louisville ordinance are reported to Santa Fe Railway Company, although in have taken many suggestions from the order to help Mr. Harrison, the colored decision of the Maryland Supreme Court lawyer who had charge of the case, the which, in declaring the former Baltimore Association paid one hundred and eighty segregation ordinance invalid, pointed dollars to print the record. Mr. Storey out how a valid ordinance might be refused to file a brief or appear before 200 THE CRISIS the U. S. Supreme Court on the ground Elizabeth C. Putnam, was attended by that the case was not properly drawn. one hundred and twenty-five guests. Mr. As was noted in the CRISIS for January, Garrison, the President, resigned the his comment on the case almost a year chair to Mr. Butler R. Wilson who pre­ before the opinion of the Court was sided. The object in giving the supper handed down, was almost identical with to Miss Putnam was-happily presented that of Judge Hughes, who said that if by the Rev. Horace Bumstead, and Miss the case had come before the Court in Putnam responded in a most interesting proper form it would have had a good address, largely reminiscent, giving the chance of having been decided on its history of the relations of her family merits. with colored people as far back as the It is the purpose of the Association to Revolution. There were short addresses bring a succession of cases to the Su­ by Dr. Ernest Gruening, Miss Maria L. preme Court until it has placed that Baldwin, the Rev. Benjamin F. Swain Court on record on Jim Crow cars, se­ and others. A selection of songs was gregation and the race question in gen­ given by Mrs. Mattie McAdoo. eral. Among the generous contributions which the Association has recently re­ ceived, is a check for $91.03 from Mrs. BRANCHES Butler R. Wilson of Boston, the balance Baltimore: of the proceeds from a series of musi- Mr. Carl J. Murphy, a graduate of cales and assemblies arranged by Mrs. Harvard, 1913, and instructor in Ger­ Wilson which have already netted the man, has been refused admission to the Association $67.20. summer courses of Johns Hopkins Uni­ California, Northern: versity on the ground that "no provision has been made for colored students." This Branch gave a reception to Mr. The matter was referred to the National Moorfield Storey, the National Presi­ office and a letter of protest immediately dent, at which Mr. Storey made an ad­ sent to the university authorities. dress emphasizing the necessity of Mr. Julius C. Johnson was elected thorough organization, the need of a President of the Branch in place of Dr. strong working fund, of the development F. N. Cardozo, whose resignation was of a central scheme for work, and the accepted with regret and with a vote of dropping of petty differences. Short appreciation for his services. Under addresses were made by Mr. Walter A. Dr. Cardozo's leadership the Baltimore Butler, Mr. T. M. Jackson and others. Branch has grown in influence and mem­ Cleveland: bership until it ranks among the best in This Branch reports that it has suc­ the Association. Dr. Cardozo, although ceeded in having a teacher who discrim­ a busy physician, has been an indefatig­ inated against colored pupils removed able worker for the Association. He from the public schools and that it has has given generously of his time and of also been able to place men in positions his income as his unselfish devotion to which had previously been closed to col­ the cause often compelled him to neglect ored applicants. It has held several suc­ his practice. He has never received cessful meetings with Judge Thomas M. remuneration of any kind for his serv­ Kennedy, Hon. John P. Green, Mrs. ices and was always anxious that pub­ Mary Bethune, the Rev. B. F. Bradley lic recognition should be given to his and Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford of Wash­ associates rather than himself. The As­ ington as speakers. sociation knows it will have his coopera­ Columbus: tion in the ranks as heartily as when he A committee of this Branch, uniting was president. He has set a high stand­ with churches and other organizations, ard of idealism and achievement for his filed a protest with the Chief of Police successor. requesting the investigation of the shoot­ Boston: ing of a colored woman, Miss Hallie The reception and supper which the Harris, who happened to be passing Boston Branch gave in the vestry of the along the street when two police officers,. Park Street Church in honor of Miss Thomas Robinson and William Bragg,. N. A. A. C. P. 201 were trying to arrest a colored boy with­ series of questions requested an expres­ out warrant for an alleged misdemeanor. sion of opinion on the following matters The shooting took place about three to be decided at the coming election: o'clock in the afternoon. The petition Single telephone plan, the initiative or­ demanded the suspension of the police dinance relating to jitney busses which officers pending investigation. permits discrimination against colored District of Columbia: people, an ordinance creating a censor­ Discrimination in the Post Office in ing board vested with sufficient authority Washington has again been reported to to prohibit pictures against the public the National office and a strong protest interest, and an ordinance prohibiting sent to the Postmaster General who has discrimination in the matter of seats in replied that the matter is being investi­ motion picture houses. The Los Angeles gated. P'ost, in publishing a summary of the The President, Air. Grimke, has suc­ answers and in recommending that ceeded in getting two colored girls rein­ colored people vote for those candidates stated on the temporary force in the whose answers showed them alive to the Department of the Auditor of the Post interests of colored people, emphasized Office. In presenting the matter to Mr. that the N. A. A. C. P. did not endorse Kram, Chief of this department, Mr. any political parly or candidate. Grimke pointed out that in discharging Pittsburgh: these girls who were the only colored Although this Branch has only been employees, the Department had dis­ organized a few months, its membership missed 100 per cent, of the colored tem­ is over four hundred. This increase is porary force, at the same time discharg­ largely due to the splendid work of the ing only about 35 per cent, of the corres­ Membership Committee which has as­ ponding white force. sociated with it a number of representa­ The Branch closed its campaign for tive women in sub-committees whose new members with an enrollment of energetic efforts in a short time brought 1100. Mr. William Miner, of the com­ in almost one hundred and fifty mem­ mittee, secured the largest number, six­ bers. ty-six new members and fourteen sub­ The Pittsburgh Branch united with scribers to the CRISIS. The report of other organizations in a public protest this committee, of which Prof. Thomas against "The Birth of a Nation" and a W. Turner is Chairman and Miss Mary committee from the Branch called upon Cromwell, Secretary, was received too the Mayor to protest*. An ordinance late for publication this month. The prepared by Mr. William M. Randolph, greater part of it will be printed in the the President, prohibiting moving pic­ next issue. ture plays "which shall tend to prejudice Des Moines: the public mind against any class of law- On June 2 this Branch held a second abiding citizens" was referred to the educational meeting with Dr. G. H. City Law Department by the Mayor. Sumner, Secretary of the Iowa Board Through the activity of the Branch of Health as the chief speaker. This discrimination in one of the large de­ wa9 one of a series of meetings arranged partment stores has been checked. A by the Educational Committee which is committee is now conferring with the giving the colored people of the city an officers of the Boy Scouts in regard to opportunity to hear lectures by some of conditions on which colored boys can be the State's most distinguished citizens. admitted to that organization. Los Angeles: The quarterly meeting of the Branch The Los Angeles Branch addressed a on June 23rd, was attended by about circular letter to the candidates for 500. Miss Nerney made the principal Mayor and the City Council which in a address.

The sum of the matter is this: Half the governed, even in culture lands, have no voice in their government. This is zvrong. Next November you may help right this zvrong. Will you do it? Remember that one step toward the abolition of unjust Race discrimina­ tion is the abolition of unfair discrimination because of Sex. 202 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

When Will I Be Insurable ?

There comes once in the lifetime of every man the opportunity to do the thing which he ought. If he fails then, that chance never comes again. The things which we fail to do are the greatest tests of our lives. We do not realize until we look backward and see. Most of us have more hindsight than foresight. Consequently, all our chances are behind us rather than before. And the chance that is behind never comes again. Not long ago, one of our men received a letter. "If you will call and sec me at once, I will take that insurance we were talking about," wrote a man whom he had solicited for months. He called and was shocked to note the changed appear­ ance, the slackened step, the lusterless eye of a man who three months before had been an example of physical vigor. Yesterday, I learned of that man's death. He made the mistake that men so often make of WAITING UNTIL HE WAS READY TO DIE BEFORE PREPARING FOR IT. He put the matter off until later. But when he was ready to insure HE WAS NOT INSURABLE.

Now, you who read this, and you who have for several months been reading this series of talks, have you ever stopped and asked yourself seriously: "When will I be insurable?" When a life insurance agent talked to you last, maybe you put him off until LATER. But do you know that in insurance LATER does not come? You know you are going to die. There is no doubt of it. Do you intend to wait until you realize that Death is near before insuring? You are making a mistake. Whenever the realization dawns on you that you. have not long to live, the physician who examines you. if he is honest, and most of them are, knows the same thing. When you get so near death that you want insurance, you are too near for a life insurance company to take a risk on your life.

You are insurable today; but when you will be in the future, nobody knows. You have no mortgage on the future, neither have you any mortgage on continued good health. The greatest thing in the world is life insurance. It is the only one of a man's assets that his death automatically converts into cash. The poorest thing in the world is the oft-repeated intention to insure. The widow and the children can get no bread with the intentions you had to insure. The supreme test of your life is: Will you insure NOW, or will you put it off until later? We will send you an application blank and rates for the asking. Our physician will examine you no matter where you live. Clip the coupon now and mail it, and then ACT when we reply.

A COPY OF THE STANDARD LIFE YEAR BOOK Please \ FREE FOR THE ASKING.

send me '.f particulars \ about insurance. STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO. Amount $ •-. 200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Sex '. A«e Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.0© Weight '•. Over One Million and a Half Insurance in Force Occupation : Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 Name \ . Address \ HEMAN E. PERRY, President (C. August, 1915) HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 203

A VALUABLE BOOK The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861

The History of the Education of the Colored People of the United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War By CARTER GODWIN WOODSON, Ph. D. (HARVARD)

460 pp. $2.00; by mail $2.15

"This book is neither a controversial treatise on Negro education nor a study of recent problems. Dr. Woodson has given us something new. He has by scientific treatment amassed numerous facts to show the persistent strivings of ante-bellum Negroes anxious to be enlightened. What they accomplished is all but marvelous." The author aims to put the student of history in touch with the great movements which effected the uplift of the Negroes, and to determine the causes which finally reduced many of them to heathenism. The titles of the chapters are: "Introduction," "Religion with Letters/' "Education as a Right of Man," "Actual Education," "Better Beginnings," "Educating the Urban Negro," "The Reaction," "Religion without Letters," "Learning in Spite of Opposition," "Educating Negroes Transplanted to Free Soil," "Higher Education," "Vocational Training," "Education at Public Expense." In the appendix are found a number of valuable docu­ ments. The volume contains also a critical bibliography and a helpful index.

OPINIONS "I like it very much. You seem to have loosened up on your style a bit and you have done an excellent piece of research. ... I hope that your book will have a good sale."—Edward Chan- mng, McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History, Harvard University. "It seems clear to me that you have made a substantia^ contribution to the subject and I know I shall profit by it."—Frederick J. Turner, Professor of History, Harvard University. "I thought at first it would be out of my line, but on turning its pages, I discovered that it may well hold the attention of everybody with an intelligent interest in the colored people. You write easily and flexibly and have certainly compiled important material in the true spirit of scholarship. I congratulate you sincerely."—Ferdinand Schevill, Professor of History in the Uni- versity of Chicago. "It seems to me that you have taken a field of which little has been known and developed in it a most interesting and valuable book. I am glad to have it in my library and rejoice that I have had the privilege of some personal acquaintance with the author."—Francis W. Shepardson, Professor of History in the University of Chicago. "I am delighted with the thoroughly scholarly way in which it has been put together and I know enough about the subject to appreciate what it has cost you in time and effort to perform this work."—Dr. Robert E. Park. "It is the story of the effort on the part of certain agencies to educate the Negro. It is above all the story of the strivings of the Negro himself under tremendous difficulties and opposition, to learn things,, to know more, to be more. . . . Apart from the fund of information on the subiect which Dr. Woodson has here offered, the supreme point of this study is the unconquerable will of the Negro. . . . The book, as a whole, is an illumination of the recent development of education among the colored people."—The Washington Star.

THIS BOOK MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHOR 2223 Twelfth Street, Northwest Washington, D. C. 204 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The Haitian Revolution or Side Lights on the French Revolution By T. G. STEWARD

Second Edition

"No more interesting book has been written than this of Chaplain Steward's on the revolution which converted the colony of St. Domingo into the Republic of Haiti."—Army and Navy Register.

"It cannot fail to be serviceable for an understanding both of the Negro race and the relations of France with the West Indies."—Professor Albert Bushnell Hart. Agents wanted Address: T. G. STEWARD, Wilberforce, Ohio

"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" Atlanta University Ten poems by EFFIK T. BATTLE, A.M. "Mrs. Battle has an individual gift of melody." Studies of the —Springfield Republican. "You owe it to your race to publish your poems in Negro Problems book form."—Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad­ vocate. 18 Monographs Sold Separately "Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear, reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and Address true inspiration."—George W. Cable. PRICE 25 CENTS. ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ADDRESS: OKOLONA INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA, GA. Okolona, Miss.

The Curse of Race Prejudice

By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. "THE LIFE AND WORKS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR" An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham­ Containing his COMPLETE POETI­ pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing CAL WORKS, his best short stories, arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for numerous anecdotes and a complete clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be­ biography by Lida Keck Wiggins. This longs in the library of every friend of social justice. great book should be in every Negro Price 25 cents. Send order to home. Dunbar was the World's Great- — est Negro Poet and his work stands in « a class alone. Contains 430 pages—60 JAMES F. MORTON, JR. full-page illustrations Price $1.75 net. 211 West 138th Street -:- New York, N. Y. Postage extra 15c. AGENTS WANTED. TEXAS COLORED TEACHERS' AGENCY Book Department, Desk D 1025 Boll St. Dallas, Texas Make Extra Money Each Week Note to Teachers—A post card will Light, pleasant and very profitable work. Take bring information concerning our teach­ orders for our high grade calling cards at 50 for 25 ers* placing agency. We recommend cents with name and address. Big demand every­ competent teachers to positions all over where. Large commissions. Exclusive territory. the South. Address inquiry to Regis­ Write now for samples and terms. tration Department. THE HOUSE OF CHOWINIING. Indianapolis, Ind.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 205 teachers Th* ne* efficiency era calls A Race LEJAL.ntjita for thc modern way of Enterprise. •electing teachers, through A live agency that furnishes * c£nnect*n8[ medium in a business way, saves time of school officials, relieves teachers of the einbarrass- Modern m^xrt °^ ^untin8 and covers the whole country. We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, Improvements. Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mis­ sissippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Office und Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Lobby on and West VIRGINIA. First Floor. Our list of teachers covers even A wider territory.

THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Rates to 1403 New York Avenue Washington, D. C. Convention Delegates. H. Geo. Davenport

Handy for Exposition Visitors.

A Hotel for Your Wife, Daughter or Mother.

34lb St., and Wabash Ave., South HOTEL BROWN CHICAGO, ILL. Start a Mail Order Business and Make MoneTaky e State Street car, get off at 34th and State Streets, walk one block to Wabash Avenue. You can operate in your own home during spare F. C.-BROWN, Proprietor, formerly of Hotel Brown, Charleston, time. The parcel post has opened up the doors of W. Va., and Owner of Hotel Brown, of Springfield, 111. "ft _ opportunity to YOU. Others are making $20 to $500 a week. Why can't you? By our method you can start with $5 and up. We offer you thirty live, money-making mail order plans. You can make 95 cents profit of every dollar order. We furnish cir­ culars, printed matter and place your advertising at BETTER lowest rates. Send 10 cents for complete outfit. Do Closes Sept. 15 The Ocean House KNOWN AI it today—Nowl SEA ISLE CITY MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE The Gordon Sea View, N. J. 517 Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. Personally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee. THIS is the only property we own on the Atlantic Beach front. Every room opens on the ocean. Bathing, boating, fishing, music, dancing. A beautiful view of $25.00 PER WEEK the ocean while dining from our new conservatory may BE made in commissions BY parties HANDLING dining room. "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-AMERICAN Special rates to school teachers for July. War" combined with "History of the Negro LACE." Write for rates. Address: 400 PAGES, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. Address: E. A JOHNSON MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y. After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J. 154 Nassau Street NEW YORK

pnnf" To Every Woman m mm W^L ^™ m wr*tes< one c°Py °»: "Ladies Cyclopedia of Health and HOTEL LINCOLN H B H Beauty." This book contains in­ (American or European Plan) formation indispensable to every woman; on every subject women are most interested in. Tells how to cultivate health and beauty, what M±ee"Z to use and how to use it. Opens May 15th LOUIS MCCREARY Combines the restful 1312 Farnam Street Omaha, Neb. quiet of the country and sea-shore with thegaye- ties of a great city. Only a few minutes' ride by REGALIA train separates New York City from this de­ lightful spot. HOTEL A RACE ENTERPRISE LINCOLN is within three minutes' walk of Manufacturing Badges, the beach where there are bathing, boating and Banners and Supplies fishing. 26 magnifi­ cently appointed rooms, for all Fraternal and single or en suite. Every Church Societies. Cat­ convenience to suit the most exacting.' alog upon request. EXCELLENT CUISINE-MODERATE, RATES—BEST OF SERVICE CENTRAL REGALIA CO JOS. L. JONES, PRES. For information write C. A. BRECKENRIDGE, Prop. CORNER 8th And PLUM STREETS, CINCINNATI, OHIO Telephone 1417 Hammels Arverne, Long Island

Mention THE CRISIS 206 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Wealth is Power pianos player pianos

TO The Union Development Company's Factory Home stock is a wealth producer. $40,000.00 of stock for sale at $10.00 per share. Stock is now paying 7%. Every dollar invested in first class improved business property, located in the heart of the city; no risk, no failure. Company duly chartered under the laws of Georgia; is BY MY PLAN composed of some of the most successful OF SELLING DIRECT FROM FACTORY TO HOME, F CAN SAVE YON FROM $110 TO $200 ON MY CELEBRATED EVANS_ARTI8T and influential business men and women MODEL PIANOS. of the city and has great earning possi­ TWP TO FOUR YEARS TO PAY THE' EASIEST KIND OF TERMS, WEEKLY, MONTHLY, QUAR-- bilities. Send at once for free circular TERLY OR YEARLY PAYMENTS TO SUIT YOUR CONVENIENCE. ALL MIDDLEMEN, JOBBERS, DEALERS AND AGENTS giving full information. PROFITS CUT OUT. NO CHARGE FOR SALESROOM EXPENSE FOR MY OFFICE IS IN RNY FACTORY. THESE ARE SOME OF THE REASONS WHY I CAN SELL THE EVANS ARTIST MODEL PIANOS FOR SUCH LITTLE MONEY. LET ME SEND YOU THE OTHER REASONS WRITE TODAY. 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL Union Development Co. WE ALLOW ALL FREIGHT CHARGES, LET YOU.USE Hs&//V BEAUTIFUL EVANS ARTIST MODEL PIANO FOR THIRTY ^»/// 458 West Broad Street Savannah, Ga. FREE. IF YOU ARE NOT ENTIRELY SATISFIED, WE WILL ta^^y^jf IT BACK WITHOUT ANY' COST TO YOU—YOU ARE THE SOLES' JUDGE TO DECIDE- IF YOU WANT TO KEEP IT, YOU RNAV^x^V* DO SO ON OUR LOW FACTORY WHOLESALE PRICE ON/S?-' MOST CONVENIENT TERMS. COLORED AGENTS WANTED FREE MUSIC LESSONS LIBERAL COMMISSION; A POSTAL BRINGS PARTICULARS. TO KVEEY CUSTOM M / WE WILL GIVE A TWO YEAR* CORME OF PIANO "V&XCR.^^ THE PATRICK-LEE REALTY CO. INSTRUCTION FREE. ASK ABOUT OAR LNSUK A DEPT. O., 2743 WELTON STREET, DENVER, COLO. PLAN AND OUR METHOD OL SAVING //, YOU MONEY. WRITE TODAY. ,fi^ F. O. EVNS PIANO CO.

DEPT. 81 LEGAL DIRECTORY

™ I . ft , /Central 104-W Telephones: { Main 61 PERSONAL CARDS HARRY E. DAVIS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW NOTARY PUBLIC Telephone 5277 Morningside 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market SURGEON DENTIST Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market 188 W. 135th Street New York CITY GEORGE A. DOUGLAS COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building WILLIAM L. BELL ERNEST W. KING 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. Associate Architects General Practice Notary Public WILLIAM R. MORRIS 300 Odd Fellow Bldg. ATLANTA, GA. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Minneapolis Minn. BROWN S. SMITH J. E. ORMES ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block ACCOUNTANT Near Third and Hennepin AUDITA SYSTEM! Minneapolis Minn. BUSINESS INFORMATION BY MAIL. OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENTS JULY AND AUGUST GEORGE W. MITCHELL BOX 25, WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY ATTORNEY-AT-LAW WILBERFORCE, O. 908 Walnut Street Philadelphia Pa.

Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben AGENTS WANTED FOR EDGAR P. BENJAMIN ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW W. T. McKissick & Co's. 34 School Street Boston, Mass. FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS Telephone Connection No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen FOR SCALP, HAIR AND SKIN HAWKINS & McMECHEN P. O. BOX 102, WILMINGTON, DEL. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md.

Mention THE CRISIS A New Book by Dr. Du Bois THE NEGRO By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of the Negro American," etc. This is the authentic romance of the black man. IT is a history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas­ cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back­ ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that in which most Americans have seen him. 256 Pages—3 Maps—Cloth Bound

AT THE LOW PRICE OF 50 CENTS NET—BY MAIL 56 CENTS Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be­ come acquainted.

These book* may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York The Home University Library It made up of new books by leading authorities. The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER and J. ARTHUR THOMSON. Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per r*/\ „ • volume. Each complete and sold separately - - OUC< Ilcl "A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment. Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority —and at the nominal price of 50 cents."—Hartford Courant. SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES: EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C Pigou 94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

34 T HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY :E™

Mention THE CRISIS A Selected List of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

HOUSE BEHIND THE CEDARS. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50 HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous) 1.20

LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

THE MARROW OF TRADITION. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

THE SPORT OF THE GODS. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25

RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN. (Franz Boas) 1.50

AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50

JOHN BROWN. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25

NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford) 1.00 LIBERIA. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

THE NEGRO. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 50

FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 STORY OF THE NEGRO. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00 MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50

POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 THE AFRICAN ABROAD. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00

AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

THE COLORED INVENTOR. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A CHILD'S STORY OF DUNBAR. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address THE CRISIS' 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention THE CRISIS