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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 472e476

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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity

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Original article Two of japonicus Ashmead and Elasmus polistis Burks (: ) reared from nests of (Hymenoptera: ) in Korea

Il-Kwon Kim a, Ohseok Kwon b, Moon Bo Choi c,*

a Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea b School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea c Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

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Article history: Two species of Elasmus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are newly recognized in South Korea: Elasmus Received 15 March 2016 japonicus Ashmead and Elasmus polistis Burks. They were reared from the nests of Polistes (Hymenoptera: Received in revised form Vespidae): E. japonicus from Polistes rothneyi koreanus and E. polistis from Polistes snelleni and P. rothneyi 1 July 2016 koreanus. Both species are biparental and usually have more females than males. Accepted 15 July 2016 Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Available online 21 July 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Elasmus japonicus Elasmus polistis Eulophidae Korea Polistes

Introduction 1995; Herting 1975; Narendran et al 2008; Thompson 1954; Trjapitzin 1978; Verma and Hayat 1986). The family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is one of In particular, five species of Elasmus (Elasmus schmitti, Elasmus the largest families with 3,977 species currently identified, 283 biroi, Elasmus lamborni, Elasmus polistis, and Elasmus japonicus)are genera of which belong to 4 subfamilies across the world (Noyes known as primary of various paper (Hymenop- 1998). Most species of Eulophidae are useful , such as tera, Vespidae, Polistes)(Burks 1971; Graham 1995; Gumovsky et al wasps which provide biological control, but some spe- 2007; Makino and Sayama 1994; Trjapitzin 1978). Of them, cies are phytophagous and predatory. E. japonicus had been recorded only in the East Palearctic region Among them, the genus Elasmus Westwood is a cosmopolitan (Ashmead 1904; Iwata and Tachikawa 1966) but E. schmitti and E. genus of Eulophidae and currently contains 258 species worldwide polistis were recently recognized from this region (Yefremova and (Noyes 2015). It has long been treated as the only genus of the Strakhova 2010). family Elasmidae (e.g. Ashmead 1904; Graham 1995). Gauthier et al In South Korea, an unidentified Elasmus sp. was recorded for the (2000) transferred the genus into of the family Eulo- first time as a larval parasitoid of Caloptilia theivora (, phidae based on the result of molecular analyses using 28S se- Gracillariidae) by Lee et al (1995), and Yefremova and Strakhova quences with morphological supports. Most species of Elasmus are (2010) recently added Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer and Elasmus larval or pupal ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera and some species are viridiceps Thomson to the Korean fauna. ectoparasitoids (or hyperparasitoids) of larvae of hymenoptera In the present study, we report E. japonicus and E. polistis from families, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Bethylidae (Graham South Korea. We also provide a redescription, and basic biology from the nests of three Polistes species (including two new hosts).

Materials and methods * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.B. Choi). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and The specimens of Elasmus collected in this study were the Korea National Arboretum (KNA). emerged individuals from nests of Polistes in the Busan, Daegu and

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.07.005 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). IK Kim et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 472e476 473

Figure 1. Elasmus japonicus Ashmead, 1904. A, Habitus in lateral view, female; B, Habitus in dorsal view, female (wings removed); C, Head and antenna in lateral view, female; D, Forewing, female; E, Forewing, male; F, habitus lateral view, male.

Gangwon Province in South Korea, from 2010 to 2015. Polistes nests Elasmus japonicus Ashmead, 1904:160 were collected from August to December and deposited in plastic bags after removing the adults. The adults of Elasmus emerged from Redescription the Polistes nests from March to May of the following year and they Female. Body length 2.4e2.6 mm, length of forewing 2.8 mm were stored in 70% alcohol. The keys by Yefremova and Strakhova (Figure 1A). Color: head mainly pale yellow, upper part of frons and (2010, 2011) were followed to identify the Elasmus species. The vertex including ocellar region black with blue-greenish tinge. images were captured with an Axiocam HRc camera through a Antenna brown except scape and pedicel ventral yellow (Figure 1C). Discovery V20 stereomicroscopy and were produced with AxioVi- Pronotum black. Mesoscutum yellow with median weak longitu- sion40AC software (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Final plates dinal strip and three spots horizontally on midlobe, two spots each were prepared in Adobe Photoshop CS6. side of basal mesoscutum black, tegula yellow with horizontal strip, The terminology used in this paper is taken from Graham (1995) axillae black, scutellum yellow with a wide black spot, dorsellum and Yefremova and Strakhova (2010, 2011). projected V-shape yellow except anterior part black, propodeum black (Figure 1B). Mesosoma in lateral view black dorsal posterior Taxonomic accounts part of mesopleuron. Legs mainly pale yellow except for dorsal part Genus Elasmus Westwood, 1833 of coxa and dorsal margin of femur of hind leg black. Wings hyaline, Elasmus Westwood, 1833: 343. veins bright brown (Figure 1D). Metasoma mainly yellow or bright brown laterally, tergum of gaster (T) T1eT5 red-brown dorsally, Diagnosis. The genus can be easily recognized by the following black spot either side and one large black spot between them on T1, characters: antenna of female with two anelli, three-segmented a median large black spot on T2eT3, and faint median black spot on flagellum, and three-segmented clava; and male with trifurcate T4, T5eT6 almost black dorsally (Figures 1A, 1B). Head: head in four-segmented flagellum and two-segmented clava. Mesoscutum dorsal view almost smooth, vertex and frons setigerous with densely covered with hairs; scutellum with two pairs of long setae. setigerous punctures, subquadrate, 1.1 times as broad as long. Eyes Forewing with marginal vein elongated, postmarginal vein short, without setae. Postocellar distance (POL) 1.5e1.6 times ocellare and stigma vein slightly reduced. Hind coxa smooth, subdiscoidal ocullar distance (OOL); POL 1.5e1.6 times the minimum distance (or plate-like), and strongly enlarged; hind tibia with short setae between posterior ocellus and anterior ocellus (AOL); AOL almost forming continuous diamond-shape. Colorations are yellow, black, equal to OOL; OOL 1.7e1.8 times the longest diameter of the and brown, frequently with spots. anterior ocellus (OD). Length of forewing (FL) 1.4e1.5 times as long as pedicel; FL almost equal to F2 and F3; club 4.2 times as long as Elasmus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 일본쌍살벌살이좀벌(신칭) wide and 2.0e2.1 times as long as F3. Mesosoma: pronotum and 474 IK Kim et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 472e476

Figure 2. Elasmus polistis Burks, 1971. A, Habitus in dorsal view, female; B, Habitus in lateral view, female; C, Head in dorsal view, female; D, Mesosoma and metasoma in dorsal view, female; E, Forewing, female; F, Antenna, female; G, Habitus in lateral view, male; H, Antenna, male. mesoscutum covered with dense setae. Scutellum with two pairs of strips either side of anterior and posterior on mesoscutum, pale stout bristles, equal as wide as long. Mesoscutum 1.3 times as wide yellow tegula, legs pale yellow except for the dorsal margin of the as long. Forewing with isolated subcubital line of setae, length of mid femur, three-fourth dorsal part of coxa and dorsal margin of the fore wing (FWL) 3.2e3.3 times the maximum width of the fore femur of hind leg black. Wings hyaline, veins tan. Metasoma dark wing (FWW); postmarginal vein (PMV) 2.4 times as long as the brown or black with luster (Figures 1E, 1F). Head: head in dorsal stigmal vein (SV); marginal vein (MV) 1.9 times as long as the view 1.1e1.2 times as broad as long; vertex and frons in dorsal view submarginal vein (SMV); SMV 3.6 times as long as PMV. Metasoma: setigerous with setigerous punctures. Eyes without setae. POL 2.1 Gaster 2.1e2.2 times as long as broad. T1 1.7e1.8 times as long as times OOL; POL 2.0 times AOL; AOL 1.0e1.1 times OOL; OOL 1.7 T2; T4eT7 densely bristly. times OD. Scape 2.6 times as long as pedicel; pedicel 1.6 times as Variation. According to Yefremova and Strakhova (2011), body long as the length of antennal funicular segments (F1); F2 1.1 times length is 1.4e1.5 mm, mesoscutum has three brown spots on as long as F1; F3 1.1 times as long as F2; Branch 1 equal to Branch 2 midlobe, and T1 has three spots. In specimens of this study, how- and 1.1 times as long as Branch 3; F4 1.2 times as long as club. ever, body length is 2.4e2.6 mm, mesoscutum with a weak median Mesosoma: pronotum and mesoscutum densely covered with longitudinal strip (this strip seems to be connected weakly longi- setae. Scutellum smooth with two pairs of stout bristles and as tudinally to each spot at the anterior, middle, and posterior of wide as long. Mesoscutum 1.3 times as wide as long; FL 3.1 times as mesoscutum) and horizontally three spots on midlobe (sometimes long as the width of forewing (FW); PMV 2.4 times as long as SV; center spot appears to be triangular or anchor-like shape), and T1e MV 1.5 times as long as SMV; SMV 4.1 times as long as PMV. T5 each have one median large black spot, and faint median black Metasoma: gaster 2.5e2.7 times as long as broad; T1 2.0e2.1 times spot on T4. T5eT6 almost black dorsally (Figure 1B). as long as T2; T5eT7 densely covered with bristles. Male. Body length 2.4e2.5 mm, length of forewing 2.7 mm. Material examined. 17\,2_, Homyeong-ri, Jinbu-myeon, Color: head and mesosoma black with weak metallic green luster Gangwon-do, South Korea, N373907.8400 E12835015.8100, coll. 30 except mandibles yellow, antenna dark brown, two faint yellow viii 2013 (MB Choi), em. March to April, 2014 (emerged from the IK Kim et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 472e476 475 nest of Polistes snelleni); 7\,15_, Dugu-dong, Busan, South Korea, Material examined. 27\,2_, Gwanmun-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 351808.9900 E129 6045.4600, coll. 18 ix 2010 (MB Choi), em. March to SOUTH KOREA, N3554046.9000 E12832032.7300; coll. 16 xii 2014 April, 2011 (emerged from the nest of Polistes rothneyi koreanus) (MB Choi), em. March to May, 2015 (emerged from the nest of (many females escaped from the plastic bags in which Polistes nests P. rothneyi koreanus). were kept). Biology. Biparental. A parasitoid of Polistes annularis, Polistes Biology. Biparental. A parasitoid of P. snelleni Saussure (Ikeda and fuscatus (Burks 1971), Polistes instabilis (Lutz et al 1984), Polistes Sayama 1994; Makino and Sayama 1994), Polistes fadwigae Dalla exclamans (Nelson 1976), Polistes major (Krombein et al 1979), Torre (Iwata and Tachikawa 1966), P. rothneyi koreanus (new Polistes metricus (Reed and Vinson 1979), Polistes dorsalis (Macom record). and Landolt 1995), Polistes versicolor (Dorfey and Köhler 2011), P. Distribution. South Korea (new record), Japan. rothneyi koreanus (new record). Distribution. South Korea (new record), Germany (Gauss 1972), Elasmus polistis Burks, 1971 참쌍살벌살이좀벌(신칭) India (Verma et al 2002), USA (Burks 1971; Nelson 1976; Macom Elasmus polistis Burks, 1971: 195. and Landolt 1995), Russia (Yefremova and Strakhova 2011). Brazil (Dorfey and Köhler 2011). Redescription Female. Body length 2.2e2.5 mm, forewing length 1.9e2.0 mm Acknowledgments (Figures 2A, 2B). 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