Contemporary Clothing Issues of Women Who Are Post-Mastectomy" (2011)
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Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 1-2011 Contemporary Clothing Issues of Women Who Are Post- Mastectomy Carol Beard Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Fashion Design Commons, Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Beard, Carol, "Contemporary Clothing Issues of Women Who Are Post-Mastectomy" (2011). Dissertations. 348. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/348 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTEMPORARY CLOTHING ISSUES OF WOMEN WHO ARE POST-MASTECTOMY by Carol Beard A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Advisor: Kieran Fogarty, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 2011 CONTEMPORARY CLOTHING ISSUES OF WOMEN WHO ARE POST-MASTECTOMY Carol Beard, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2011 The intent of this three-paper format dissertation is to examine three topics germane to the clothing requirements and clothing acquisition of women who are post- mastectomy. Each paper’s focus resides within a broader theme of addressing a population that has specialized clothing needs. While each study is independent in nature, they build on each other. The first paper describes the demographics of the population and how those demographics and treatment path for breast cancer provide a different framework for reaction to the retail offerings currently on the market. The next paper focuses on the association between demographics and treatment path of post- mastectomy women and the preferences associated with venue selection for procuring clothing. Specifically, paper two looks at the importance of brick-and-mortar atmospherics as it relates to the characteristics of the fitting rooms as well as the importance of a sensitive and knowledgeable staff in the fitting room area. Lastly, looking through the framework of the differing demographics and treatment paths, paper three reviews discharge information needed to assist in clothing selection and modification. Paper three also addresses written information that women who are post- mastectomy desire in relation to clothing selection and modification after breast cancer surgery, as well as potential clothing issues to expect throughout the treatment process and post-surgery stages. Results from the first study develop an overarching concept to the design modification needed for the broad target market of women represented by the term post-mastectomy. The second study yields the breadth of issues germane to the challenges posed by physical surroundings when selecting clothing, based on demographics and treatment path. The third study defines the discharge information post-mastectomy women desire in the clothing transitions required to address issues throughout the treatment process. UMI Number: 3496350 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3496350 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 Copyright by Carol Beard 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank the following people who were my tireless cheerleaders: Richard, my husband, who had patience with me and never let me give up; my children, Joshua, Virginia, Andrew, Stephen, Paul, and Laura, who believed in me and were so proud of this journey that I embarked on in the sunset years of my life; my sister Janice and my niece Megan, who read these papers and gave me endless critiques. I would also like to thank the members of my Ph.D. cohort who embarked on this journey with me, with a special thanks to Angelique Day, who was my personal cheerleader and study partner and kept me on track. In addition, my cohort brothers, David Wingard and Michael Shoemaker, helped me keep my sense of humor and emailed me words of encouragement when the going was hard—I will be eternally grateful to all of you. A very large thanks goes to my committee members: Kieran Fogarty, my chair, who called me, emailed me, and gave me courage and determination when I felt like I had none left; Barb Frazier, who was an incredible mentor and very generous with her time; Usha Chowdhary, for her knowledge, inspiration, and constant words of encouragement. In addition, I express a special thanks to the entire faculty of the Interdisciplinary Health Sciences program for their knowledge, instruction, and guidance, and their willingness to be there for their students—Drs. Nicki Nelson and Amy Curtis. I would also like to thank the statistic consulting department at Central Michigan University who helped me ii Acknowledgments—Continued navigate the extensive PASW output of log linear regression and JiZeng, my statistical consultant, who assisted me in using R and SAS to extend my analysis. Carol Beard TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 Background................................................................................................... 1 Physiological Concerns........................................................................... 1 Psychosocial Morbidity........................................................................... 8 Clothing................................................................................................... 11 Review of Relevant Research................................................................. 16 Summary of Previous Research Findings..................................................... 24 Related Purposes of the Three Studies.......................................................... 26 Significance................................................................................................... 28 References..................................................................................................... 29 II. CLOTHING PROCUREMENT ISSUES OF WOMEN WHO ARE POST-MASTECTOMY ..................................................................................... 35 Body Image and Appearance Concerns ........................................................ 37 Appearance Management with Clothing....................................................... 38 Relevant Past Research Related to Apparel and Post-Mastectomy Women.......................................................................................................... 39 iv Table of Contents—Continued CHAPTER Research Questions....................................................................................... 41 Methodology................................................................................................. 42 Questionnaire.......................................................................................... 42 Procedures............................................................................................... 42 Measures................................................................................................. 43 Analysis................................................................................................... 44 Results........................................................................................................... 45 Findings................................................................................................... 45 Discussion..................................................................................................... 50 Strengths and Limitations....................................................................... 52 Implications............................................................................................. 52 References..................................................................................................... 54 III. IMPORTANCE OF FITTING ROOM ATMOSPHERICS FOR WOMEN WHO ARE POST-MASTECTOMY: WHICH ATMOSPHERICS INFLUENCE SELECTION OF A RETAIL SETTING FOR CLOTHING PURCHASES ................................................................................ 57 Background and Significance....................................................................... 60 Store Atmospherics................................................................................. 62 Fitting Rooms.......................................................................................... 63 Store Patronage......................................................................................