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EX LIBRIS The Cooper Union

THE GIFT OF Mrs. George F. Bateman

The Most Reliable Food for Nursing IMPERIAL GRANUM! Mothers, Infants, Children, Invalids, Convalescents, and the Aqed. ^ :• ILLUSTRATED-MARTHA'S-VINE- YARD- NANTUCKET-TAUNTON ® MEW-BEDFORD-FALL-RIVER * •

X X AN . ILLUSTRATED * GUIDE

TO . THE . CITIES OF FALL* RIVER

TAUNTON * NEW . BEDFORD • VINEYARD HAVEN COTTAGE CITY OAK BLUFFS

VINEYARD HIGHLANDS • EDGARTOWN

KATAMA . NANTUCKET . AND • THE

LESSER . RESORTS . OF . SOUTHEAST-

ERN . MASSACHUSETTS.

pOMPLIMENTS O F F. H, BULL, PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS, 73 WETBOSSET STJtHET, I'ROVJVElfCE, B. I- UArUIMCDYoFA... II D niTI/m 4 to 12 Gove St., and 28 to 32 ^^^^^^ mHuniNLnl Hi Di llllVllli EmiySt., providence, R,I. ALBERT W. HOLMES,

Successor to Josiati Holmes, Jr., -Wliolesale and Retail Dealer in Every Variety of f

I Best Quality Lehigh, Genuine Franklin, Fine Lykens Valley, Superior Sham-,

okin, Hard and Free White Ash, Best Grades Cumberland for !

' Steam, Manufacturing and Smiths' use. WOOT) of All Kinds. Jklso, I£.A.Tr and {STK.A.TV^. I Atlantic Wharf, Foot of Cannon Street, NEW BEDFORD, MASS.

ALBERT W. HOLMES. |

THE WM. ROGERS MFG. CO., I MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED ^ ROGERS GOODS> THE BEST ELECTRO SILVER PLATED

WARE THAT IS MADE IN THE WORLD. Bb sure to BU7 OUR MAKE OF GOODS.

TEA SETS, CAKE BASKETS, CARD STANDS, BONBON BOXES AND TRAYS, BERRY DISHES, CASTERS, PICKLES, ETC., ETC. SPOONS, FORKS, KNIVES, LADLES, CARVERS, SHELLS, ETC., ETC. -FACTORY:- NO- 66 MARKET STREET, HARTFORD, CONN.

P. O. Drawer, 30. fi THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. GLENWOOD

•IN EITHER-

Parlor Stove or alarm Air Fornaee, IS THE ACKNOWLEDGED STANDARD. Thousands have been sold and their merits are known and praised bv all who use them FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PAOIFIC- NO FAMILY CAN AFFORD TO BE WITHOUT A GLENWOOD. manufacturers for See them before you buy, and if they are not sold in your vicinity, write to the circulars and prices. WEIR STOVE CO., TAUNTON, MASS. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS.

Graceful Form I

HEALTH For LADIES and MISSES, and PERFECTLY BOYS and I GIBLS. COMFORT I COMBINED IN MADAME FOY'S THE VERY BEST GARMENT EVER MADE. 11/ MV because it Supports Stockinirs and Under- c'otbes from the has no SkirtSupportingCorset Wnl • SHOUL.DEKS, g(ijf cords, fits beautifully and with perfect It is one of the most popular in the market and for sale by ease and freedom. For sale by leading dealers. all leading dealers. Price by mail $1.40. Send for illustrated price list. FOY, HARMON & CHADWICK, New Haven, Conn. FOY, HARMON & CHADWICK, New Haven, Conp.

The Leading PIANO-FORTES of the World ShoningerPianos. ESTABLISHED 1850. Because they are the Best Now Made. No other can Compete with them. Will Sing Their Own Praise. Facts which cannot be better demonstrated than by the use of these celebrated instruments, -which have become so popular among- the music- lovin« publi Tlie .Shoninger.Sh Grand Uprig^ht Cabinet Pianos are constructed from the musician's1 standpoint as well as that of the mechanic, and are distin^ruisht'd for their pure and resonant quality of tone, containing- the g-reatest musical possibilities As the best work and best material invari- ably insure the best restilts, the .Slionincer I'ianos stand pre-eminently in the front rank, haviuK achieved the g-randest sucress in musical science ever known to this soul-inspiriug- art, and are tiusurpassed by any Piano- Fortes ever made. They have been pronounced by experienced connoisseur.s to be the embodiment of perfection, and are esiiecially adapted to withstand the SEVEHEST CLIMATIC CHANGES, close attention being- paid to this important feature. EVERY PIANO FULLY WARRANTED. In places vfliere we liave no authorized Agents we sell direct from tlie Factory to tlie Consumer. A liberal discount allowed. tt^~ Send for beautifully illustrated Catalogues and any desired iuforiiiation. Highest Honors Awarded at the U. S. Centennial Exhibition at Phila- deli>hia, 1876: Exposition Univorselle de 1878, Paris; Rotterdam, 1883; and at State and Agricultural Fairs where our instruments have been exhibited. For full particulars address, ^B. SHONINGER CO.^ Factories at New Haven, Conn.

Warerooms, 86 Fifth Ave., near 14th St., N. Y., 215 State SI., Chicago, III., U. S. A. J

THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. ROBERT M. DIAZ & CO.,

Importers and Wholesale Dealers in CUTLERY and FANCY HARDWARE.

393 ^Vashington Street, opposite School Street, If OSTOIV, JTIASS. MEDFORD FANCY GOODS CO.'S DOG COLLARS. New England Agents for

^- ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ULSTER KHIPE / 1 ^^ in !?*• Russell Cutlery Co.'s nn |

Table Cutlery, etc., i

A M E R I CA N 1847 Rogers Bros. Ai jx 111/" Silver-Plated Ware,

Itolt>ert ]Mvii'pliy's Oorkscre^vs a-ncl Steel Groods- THE CEIiEBRATED Lon^ Rea«b CM Skate.

WHITTEII, GODDIIIG & CO., IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

Cycles,Athletic, Gymnastic and Sporting Goods. PROVIDENCE, R. I. BASE BALL Tennis Goods In great variety.

SUITS, Blazer Coats,$ 4.00. Gloves, Masks, White Pants, 5.50.

AND General Caps, 25c. and 50c. Supplies. Belts, 35c. to $1.00. Everything at a sav- Ten per cent, less ing of ten per cent. than elsewhere. TANDEM SAFETY, $300.00. " The Holman Special " is the latest design for a Racquet. It is strung with choicest imported Gut, red and " " iS.OO; Dandy, white, Price, $6.50 ; The Holman Best American Gut, $5.00 ; The Narragansett, $4.00 Park, $2.50. Buy of us and save money. We take pleasure in 0811111? your attention to our larg-e and constantly increasiiiK business. We make it a rule to do the best work in our reyiairs possible, have the best goods that can be had, and secure the best patronage that nan be secured. Special attention to correspon- dence and mail orders. It is no trouble to answer questions or send circulars. If you live out of town or in town, we should be pleased to see you at our salesrooms in the Litrht Infantry Building', or at our Riding' Academy, S54 Westminster st. Tiadies' Safety, $133.00. Men's Safety, $133.00. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. RHODE ISLAND Hospital Trust Company,

60 South Main Street, Providence, R. I.

INCORPORATED MAY. 1867.

0.^1*10:^^.1^, :^ - #1,000,000,

HERBERT J. WELLS, President. SAMUEL R. DORRANCE, Vice-President. EDWARD S. CLARK, Secretary. r>IItECTOIlS:

AMOS C. BARSTOW, GEOEGE W. R. MATTESOX, WILLIAM BINNEY, HENRY J. STEERE, CHRISTOPHER LIPPITT, SAMUEL S. SPRAGUE. WILLIAM B. WEEDEN, HORATIO N. CAMPBELL. ROYAL C. TAFT, WILLIAM D. ELY, ROWLAND HAZARD, ROBERT KNIGHT, ROBERT H. I. GODDARD, ROBERT I. GAMMELL, EDWARD D. PEARCE, JOHN W. DANIELSON, HERBERT J. WELLS, JOHN C. PEGKAM, LYMAN B. GOFF.

Bills of Exchange and Letters of Credit furnished, available in all parts of the world. Deposits Received and Interest Allowed upon the Daily Balance. Deposits may be made with this Company upon the same principle as in Savings Banks, and will be entitled to participate in the profits of the Company.

^^This Company is Empowered by its Charter to act as ADMINSTRATOR, ASSIGNEE, OR RECEIVER, WHETHER BY APPOINTMENT OF COURT OR INDIVIDUALS. KILBURN, LINCOLN & CO., L oo:msliv^^IKIEIE^S OIF FOR COTTON and SILK WEAVING. FALL RIVER, MASS.

J. il. & % fl. HEID, Book and Job Printers,

POBlilSHEHS fl|lD EIiECTHOTYPEt^S,

fio. 24 Custom House Street, - Providence, % I.

One of the" Best Equipped Printing Offices in New England. Your orders solicited. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS.

SALUTING CANNON OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. BROWN'S ffpowiTsi pa FRENCH

FRENCH^ DRESSING FOR LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S LADIES'AND BOOTS AND SHOES. BREECH and MUZZLE LOADING, Awarded highest honors at MOUNTED ON YACHT AND FIELD CARRIAGES. Phila., 1876 I Melbourne, 18S0 Berlin, 1877 Frankfort, 1881 TBWKS.HWESs'j Beautifully designed and finished. Tiiey are not onlv Paris, 1878 | Amsterdam, i883 » cmiicETcPii-e. ^a effective but highly ornamental for ' MatHCTuao »'\/n New Orleans, 1884-85. Yacht or Lawu." Send for Paris Medal on every bottle. Circular and Price-Liist. ansTON.MASS Betvare of Imitations. STRONG FIRE ARMS CO., 83 COURT ST., NEW HAVEN, CONN., U. S. A. HARNESSES, BLANKETS,

ALL KINDS OF

Wheels., Carriage Woodwork and Trinunings ; Oiled Duck Horse and Wago?z Covers. CONGDON, CARPENTER & CO.,

ALEXAiER imm, Manufacturer of and Dealer in MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, CURSINGS, And all kinds of Cemetery Work in Granite or Marble. New and Original Designs always on hand. All orders promptly attended to, and workmanship first quality. No. 112 PROSPECT STREET, Near Oak Grove Cemetery. P.O. Box 147. FAI.I^ KIVER. SMALL BROS., Manufacturers of all kinds of

f ©otton Vs/rappin^ and "©rVi^^i^t^' Twine^, ©oUon

l^ope, ©lotl^e^ Liine^, £^:c. 83 Prospect Street, Fall River, Mass. TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. n

•:• ILLUSTRATED MARTHA'S VINE- YARD, NANTUCKET, TAUNTON,

NEW BEDFORD, FALL RIVER. •:•

A GUIDE AND SOUVENIR TO THE FAMOUS RE- SORTS AND NOTED CITIES OF SOUTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS, WITH MAPS, LIST OF HO- TELS, RATES, TIME-TABLES, ETC. © © © @ © ®

iecot|t) Qcjlfion.

ROBKRT ORIEVB, Bditor.

PROVIDENCE :

Copyrighted 1889 by J. A. & R. A. Reid. : E—PMafcTg iT^^^

Coi/5CRyAT0f\Y'or/AusiG

pai^klii/S(^uare Boston

The Largest Musical Institution IN THE WORLD!

Music, Literature, Elocution, Languages, Art, General Culture 40,000 Pupils, 49 States, Territories, Provinces, Countries. Faculty of Eighty-Wine Piv/essoi'S.

The Combined Advantages of the following thoroughly equipped Schools, viz. For the Piano; The Organ; The Formation and Cultivation of the Voice, Lyric, Art, Opera; The Violin, Orchestra, Quartette, and Ensemble Playing, Orchestral and Band Instruments, Art of Conducting; Harmony, Composition, Theory, Orchestration; Church Music, Oratorio,

Chorus Practice; Sight-Singing, Vocal Music in Public Schools ; Tuning, Regulating, and Repairing Pianos and Organs; General Literature, Modern Languages;

Elocution, Dramatic Action ; Fine Arts ; Physical Culture; College of Music; Home for Lady Pupils.

Instruction is given by ablest American and European artists and teachers, class and private lessons. Students in any one school have the free advantages of all the schools, such as concerts, recitals, sight-singing, and chorus practice, lectures, readinps, etc., also use of large musical library. The Home is supervised by the Director, Preceptress, Rpsident Physician, and Lady Teachers. The entire building is heated by i^team and lighted by electricity. Opportunities here offered not surpassed by any similar institution m the world.

to TDITION : $5, $10, $15, $20, and $25 per Term. Board and Rooms, $5 $7.50 per week. NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC,

Baautifally IlliiMtratetl Cntalogiie Free. FRANKLIN SQUARE, BOSTON, 330001 INTRODUCTION.

The first edition of our guide in its present form was issued in 1888. The articles on Fall River, Taunton and 'New Bed- ford were entirely new, and those on Martha's Vineyard and

Nantucket were new in the descriptive portions and in their accounts of recent mattei-s. This edition has been revised in all particulars, brought up to date, and considerable new material has been added. It has been received so favorably and was in such good demand that a second edition has become a necessity.

The book is published with a two-fold purpose in view:

First, to aid the tourist and stranger and direct him quickly to the special points of interest in the famous summer places mentioned; to entertain him and help enliven his way on his journey- ings, and to furnish him with a little reminder in an aftertime of pleasant days spent in pleasant places. Second, to make a permanent guide to the larger cities illustrated by pen and pencil in its pages, and one which shall be useful " all the year round."

It will be for sale at all seasons of the year at the permanent news-stands and bookstores in the territory it covers, and during the summer at the special places where books and newsj^apers are sold. Copies can also be obtained of the subscribers, at any time, by inclosing 25 cents for each copy.

THE PUBLISHERS, THIS CUT SHOWS WEIGJHT, 28 02. Manner of Using The "/-^ SIZE, 3 1-4x3 3-4 x 6 1-2. PRICE, Loaded for KODAK. -' Ona Hundred Exposures,

FOR SALE BY IF. HI. HTJUiL

Dealer in

Photographic > Materials OF ALL KINDS. Smatcur ©utfitd of all Grades a Spcdaltu.

73 Weybosset Street, - PROVlDEflCE, 1^. I.

Kodak Developing and Printing at Regular Rates.

Ite CeWeil Oat {[aoges.

our line of Oak Raniree, (viz. : Oak Leaf, White Oak and IjN Live Oak), offer we to the trade and buyer, whar is hc- , knowledged —I by those 8P)linfir tbem, and also by those tisinir them, the Leadek in this class of Kanges ; and, as the maiiutacturerp, we guarantee that the working of them ihe quality of iron and the workmanship are equal the most hijrb priced Kanges. ** The Direct Kindling Damper and Ventilated Oven are two excellent features of our Kanges which recommend them on Sold dealers by in nearly all the principal towns and cities, and fully warranted by *

THE NO. DIGHTON CO-OPERATIVE STOVE CO., MANUFACTURERS, TAUNTON, MASS. p. O. ADDRES.S. - . NORTH DIGUTON, MASS.

.&M.G.Smitli, BROADWAY, TAUNTON,

Agents for our full

line of goods, including the

Prize Oak Parlor Stove. CONTENTS.

Page. Fall River, ...... 13 Taunton, ...... 39

' New Bedford, ...... 55 Buzzard's Bay: ..... 79

Mattapoisett, . . . . .80 Marion, ...... 81 Onset Bay, ...... 82 Monument Beach, .... 82 Falmouth, ...... 83 Nonquitt, ..... 83

Elizabeth Islands, . . . . .84 YiNEYARD Sound, .... 87

Martha's Vineyard: . . . . .91 Cottage City, ..... 94

Kdgartown and Katama, . . .112

Gay Head, . . . . . 114 YiNEYARD HaVI^N, ..... 108 IN^antucket, ..... 117

Siasconset and the South Smoke, . . . 130

Other Interesting Localities, . . 131

Hotel List, ...... 139 Tide Tables, ...... 140 Strangers' Guides: ..... Fall River, ..... 31

Taunton, . . . . .52 Neav Bedford, ..... 74

Martha's Yineyard, . . . .114 N^antucket, ..... 136 THE PARKER GUN

Best and Lowest Priced Gun in the World. jfAMMERLESS AND HAMMER GUNS.®!^K-

Sold b_y the Trade Everywhere. Description Catalogue Mailed on Application. 1VIA.NUKACTURED BY PARKER BR0S., • MERIDEN, CONN. Showrcom, 97 Chambers Street, N. Y. THE ARMSTRONG MF'G CO., Bridgeport, Conn. Manufacturers of the ARMSTEONG CELEBRATED Rp OTHEH TOOliS, FOR Dies, WfiTElj, STEfllW 0t Stocks and GfiS FIHERS. We especially recommend our STOCK,New No. 2^ Threading Pipe from 3 to I4 Inch, Inclusive. AI..SO, BOI.T DIE.S I.ATHK ANI> CLAMP WOG.S, TAP WKENCHKS, ETC.

The High Jteputation Attained by these Goods, needs no Comment,

OH:E>iVF»KS1^ !

If You Cannot Get Them of Your Dealer, Send for Catalogue and Prices. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

page. Fall River : 13 B. M. C. Duifee High School, Borden, Robeson and Davol Mills, • 17 29 P\ill River from the Water, 21 Fall River Post-Office, ....

• 27 First National Bank, . • • Remodeled City Building, • 17 17 View of North Main Street,

• 25 View of Mills along the Qiiequechan, 81 • • • Landing of Gdsnold, . .

Martha's Vineyard :

• 91 Bathing Beach and Tower, Oak Bluti's, 9f Baptist Church, . • 105 Beach and Lover's Rock, Oak Bluffs, in the past. 93 Cottage City from the Sound,

• • 95 Circuit Avenue, a View on . 112 Edgartown, a Glimpse of . . 107 • • • • Island House, . 113 . • Mattakeset, Katama, . .

. 88 Map of Martha's Vineyard, . 99 • • • Oak Bluffs Club House, . 106 Sea View House, Oak Bluffs, lOI • • • Tucker's, Dr., Cottage, .

• 103 Trinity Methodist Church, Camp Giound, . 96 • • ' Union Chapel, • • 109 Vineyard Haven before the Great Fire, -~ ---Fo >

^^<^

rmy^^-^/a/^ /^ ^?^ //^ c/^^^'JA^.r r?ya?zJ, //^fi,n/mzce<^ i^ i<6f ^A^n^n/^^yyy^^/^^/ii>» //a/u/l/^4

Imperial Granum is the most remarkable medicinal food ever brought before the public It is a solid extract from the best growths of wheat, and is of a highly nutritious character. For invalids of all classes, and infants especiallj, it has no equal in the market It has long been before the public and is^endorsed by the most skillful physicians and recommended earnestly all bv" who have tested \\..—'' Christian In

Nantucket :

Map of Nantucket, . ' . . . . . • • • 88

Among the Breakers at 'Sconset, . . . . • • .129 Hermit of Quidnit, ...... 131

Low Beach, ...... • • 136

Nantucket Landing Place, ...... • > "9 Nantucket House, Brant Point, ...... 126 On the Beach at Nantucket, ...... 123 Ocean House, ...... 132 Springfield House, ...... I3S 'Sconset, Nantucket — A Shore Scene, ...... 127

Town of Nantucket, from the Harbor, ...... 121

Quarry, Abram, the last of the Nantucket Indians, ...... 138 Wreck on the Nantucket Shore, ...... 125 Ye Olde Mille, ...... 117

New Bedford : High School Building, ...... 67 Purchase Street, cor. Union, looking North, . . '. . . 55 St. James' Church, ...... <53 Unitarian Church, ...... 7^

View of City from the Harbor, . . • • • -65

Wharves, Views of, ...... • 61 Whale Ships, Views of, ...... 61 Whale Fishery, Commencement of, ...... 87

NoNquiTT, Gen. Sheridan's Cottage, . . . . . • . 85 Sailing on the Bay, ...... 83

Taunton :

Brickmakers, The — A Taunton Industry, . . . • • 4^ Hospital for the Insane, ...... 47

Herring Fisheries, The — A Taunton Industry, . . . . -45 North Dighton Co-operative Stove Works, ..... 49

Reed & Barton, Works of ...... -51 Street Views, ...... 36 High School, ...... 39 Presbrey Stove Lining Company's Works, ..... 50 The Yachtsman, ...... 79 a z Q -J

_1 o o u CO X g X w LU U-, Qi Q U

OQ I

ex' >

< Oh

U. O

UJ > *ALL River Rnt) frovidemce Steamboat io. Block Island Excursions! Seeisoxi of ISSO.

CO CO

Steamer MOUNT HOPE ! A. P. OK-iWELI-, Master. Commencing Saturdaj'i June 20, and throughout the Sedson. Steamer Mount Hope will make Excursions from Providence and Newport to Block Island,

Leave Providence from Company's Wharf, foot of Power Street, at 9.00 A. M. : Leave Newport from 0. C. S. B. Co.'s Wharf at 10.45 A. M. Retubning, leave Block Island, at 3.0U P. M., arriving' in Newport by 5.00 p. m. Connectiousj made at Newport for all points on the Old Colony K. K., by train leaving Newport at 5.13 P. M. EXCURSION TICKETS- Providence to Block Inland and Uetiirn. Adults $1.00 Children under 12 years 50c. One way Fare 76 NeTvport to Block Island and Return, Adults 75 Children under 12 years 40c. One Way Fare 50 8tate Koouis (12) sold on the boat only. Steamer Mount Hope was built expressly for the Block Island Service, and is as able and sea worthy a steamer as runs Long- Island Sound. Is also very fast, and is licensed to carry 2.000 passengers. D. C. liAWTON, Agent & Treas., address. Fall River., T. H. BROWNELL, Supt., Prov., R. I.

rde I ^Season of 1SS0. RiVERViEW Garden, Steep Brook, is a picturesque shore resort, but three miles from Fall River. In its dining hall 500 persons are seated to a shore dinner of the finest quality, served by a disciplined body of wniters. This place is distinguished for its freedom from all roughness and uncouthness. SHORE DINNERS EVERY Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Sunday. S'rSij^fcillis'^ii'"' Boating, Bathing. Fishing, Rowling- Alley, £tc.. Etc. Also, a Fine DANCE HALL FOR ACCOMMODATION OF.PARTIES. RICHARD WHITEHEAD, Prop. JOHN R SLADE & SON, Insurance Agents and Real Estate Brokers. REAL ESTATE MORTGAGES NEGOTIATED.

Insurance phiced on favorable terms in the Largest and most Rehable Companies of this Country and England. Dwelling House Property Insured in Mutual Companies Faying Dividends of 60 and 70 per cent, on Expiring ^-^-ear Policies,

Section "G," Granite 6locl(, cor, illlain and Central Sts., Fail River, Mass. t FGDHTGR'S « FAMOOS FAIRIGOII. jp Does Not Contain any F- p] POISONOUS WONDERFUL CURE ^— Ingredients or Stain. FOR ^^ F. — Baldness, A Perfectly Haroiless Thin Hair, Dandruff, HERB REMEDY. Falling Hair, Scurf. FAIRICON TAR SOAP F^c^^ter's Fairicon. unexcelled as a RETURNING GRAY HAIR Famous ,,• No 3. HAIRDRESSER. 75 cents. SKIIN CUK,E. to us..,..,„,Original C olor and \ .gor j,^^. g^^^^^ Dandruff, Falling Hah: C FAIRICON, h ' Sold by all ^ DRUGGISTS,

or !*ient on Fechter'sFamous Fairicon RECEIPT OF PRICE. The Great Hair Producer. For Complexion, Shaving, Shampoolngf, Cusp. nr«n Vonrs stmiding have beei oiired. Send for History and Chapped Hands, Rough Skin. genuine Testimonials. PAIKICON Nos. 1 and 2, price Sl.OO per Physicians reoommend it. bottle, for hfads ectirelv or partially bald. Special Conrite SIU.OO. Corre'^pondenceieolicited. 1-4 Doz. in Hauclstme Toilet Boxby Mail,60cts. The FECHTER REMEDY CO., Drawer 86, S. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 4i DEAL" IMPLEMENTS. For Reloading Cartridge Shell for Slifles^ S^istols, and ^hot Guns.

Pow^der and Stoot Measure. - Re-Capper & l>e-Capper.

Shell Extractor Hl r\.a.mmer

f-tilMIM^ A—Opening Mouth of Shell. B—Bullet Mould. C—Re-Capping. D—Loading Chamber. E—Bullet Slzer.

L Illustrated Circular with full Description and Prices Sent Free 3 on application. Address

"IDEAL" HAND CLOSER. IDEAL MANDFADTURIIII! 60., 10, 12 and 16 GAUGE ONLY. All the above complete by iMail $1.00. BOX 1004. NEW HAVEN, CONN, The B. M. C. Durfee High School, Fall River. PART FIRST.

fall Uhm. what its name suggests SITUATION THE PONDS AND RIVER THE MILLS AND TENEMENTS — THE FIRST FACTORIES — DEVELOPMENT OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION OF THE CORPORATION LOCATION OF THE MILLS — INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES MOUNT HOPE BAY AND THE HARBOR SHIPPING RAILROADS THE WATER WORKS — CHURCHES SOCIAL PHENOMENA THE UNDERGROUND RIVER VIEWS FROM THE HILLSIDES WALKS ABOUT TOWN.

The name Fall River suggests to the mind of the reader various things, according to the phases of its life and business with which he has been brought in contact. The traveler will associate it with the great line of Sound steamers fiir and to New York, having Fall River for their eastern port, and known business man and those interested in manufactures will wide by its name ; the 14 FALL RIVER.

refer to it as the chief cotton manufacturing centre in the country ; while those interested in social and industrial reforms will think of it as a community in which are presented on an extensive scale many of the phenomena that form the ground- work of the current economic discussions. But none of these impressions alone do justice to Fall River, as while it has all these various characteristics, it is a progressive, well-ordered city, with good schools, many municipal improvements and conveniences, and contains an industrious population. The city lies on the eastern border of Mount Hope Bay, at the mouth of the

Taunton River, and the greater portion is built on hillsides rising quite abruptly from the water's edge to a height of more than one hundred and fifty feet. From the summits of thes« hills the country extends back in a comparatively level table-land, on which a large section of the city now stands, and two miles eastward from the shore lies a chain of deep and narrow ponds, eight miles long, of an average width of three-quarters of a mile, and covering an area of 3.500 acres. These ponds are supplied by springs and brooks, draining a water- shed of 20,000 acres, and are connected with the sea by a stream which, originally flowing unconfined over an almost level course for more than a mil?, in the last half mile of its progress rushes down the hillside in a narrow, precipitous, rocky channel. In this distance the total fall is about 132 feet, and the volume of water 122 cubic feet per second. The Indian names of the lakes, Watuppa, meaning place of boats, and of the river, Qiiequechan — falling water — have been retained, and the term Fall

River is but a prosai:: translation of the poetic aboriginal appellation, Qiieque- teant — place of falling water — which was applied to the locality. Fall River is the principal seat of the cotton manufacture in the United

States, nearly one-seventh of the entire amount being carried on in its bordeis. Massive factories, eacli several hundred feet in length, and five and six stories in height, the majority of them built of granite, loom up in every section of the city and suburbs, and in their neighborhoods are the houses inhabited by the operatives, consisting in many instances of long buildings, or large, detached blocks in rows similar to the factory villages throughout New England, although in Fall River they are on a much larger scale, and some of the tenement blocks are as large as small factories elsewhere. These houses are mostly built of wood, although in a few instances the}' are of brick, and belong to the mill corporations. The number of corporations engaged in the cotton manufacture is thirty-nine, owning sixty-one mills, containing 1,893.944 spindles, and 43,875 looms, and employing 20,000 persons. The production of p'int cloths is the leading specialty, but in the past few years the making of wide goods, sheetings, twills, lawns, and various fancy patterns has been introduced. These goods have met with ready sale because the tlevelopment of taste has created a demand for a greater variety of style than had tornierly been manufactured. Besides the cotton corporations there are twenty others, not including railroad, steamboat, and telephone companies, engaged in various industries, namely, calico printing, bleaching and dveing of cotton gootls. manufacture of FALL RIVER. 15 cotton and other machinery, cotton thread, woolen goods, comforters, felt hats, boots, shoes, etc. In 1S88 there was considerable activity in mill building. The Hargreaves Mill Corporation was organized, and immediately began the erection of a mill at the Flint Village. The Sagamore corporation also began the construction

of a mill on the site of one burned several years since ; the Border City corporation started to build their third mill, and the Stafford corporation went to work on their second mill, four factories being thus in process of constructioii' during the spring and summer of 1888. This activity continued in 1S89. The Fall River Iron Works Company erected a laige brick mill on the water front between the Linen Mills and the American Print Works, the present edifice to be the first of four factories on these premises ; in order to provide for all these mills the company is building a mammoth chimney that will carry the smoke from their engines 345 feet into the air, and although it stands on low ground, almost at the sea level, the top will be as high as any structure on the hills of the city. The Border City Corporation began the construction of a second stone factory adjoining their

first one ; a new corporation engaged in the erection of a stone factorv to be known as the Cornell Mill at the Flint Village. Another mill, the Glen, is projected, and it is intended to locate it beyond the Globe Village, across the Rhode Island line. These new mills are both longer and wider than the majority of their predecessors, and when finished will make the number of cotton corporations in the city forty-one, and of mills, sixty-five. A few statistics of the cotton business will bring out some interesting points.

The pay roll per week in 1S87 was $118,005 5 the weekly production of print cloths was 175,000 pieces ; the yards of cloth produced was 480,500,000 ; bales of cotton consumed, 210,550; tons of coal, 159,550; gallons of oil, 172,350; and pounds of starch, 1,981,000. To run the mills 11 water-wheels were in operation, of a total of 1,555 horse-power, and 106 steam-engines of a total horse-power of 36,805. The remarkable advantages of the Quequechan as a mill stream have been utilized to the fullest extent, and at present its banks from the ponds to the sea are lined with cotton factories. From the brow of the hill to the foot, these establishments succeed each other so rapidly as scarcely to leave space between the buildings for light and air, and here, also, they are all built directly across the stream, most of the water-wheels of the older factories being placed in its bed. The river is uniform in its water supply and has never been subject to freshets, so that the building of the mills in this manner was perfectly safe. All the first mills were situated on the lower part of the stream from the brow of the hill downward.

In the year 1813, near the central part of what is now Fall River, was a small village of three hundred inhabitants, known by the name of Troy. There were about thirty dwelling houses, three saw mills, four grist mills, a fulling mill, a blacksmithy with trip hammer, several small stores, and a few small sloops constituted all the shipping. In that year, attracted by the unrivalled water-power, two manufacturing companies organized, and each erected a good i6 FALL RIVER.

sized cotton mill. One company, the Troy Cotton Manufactory, built its mill at the head of the falls, and the other, the Fall River Manufactory, built one nearly halfway down the hill. Between 1820 and 1S30, several other companies were organized and erected factories on the stream. In 1S21 the Fall River Iron Works were established, occujoying the lowest water-power, and for four decades this corporatioa exercised the controlling influence in building up and directing the industries of the place. Its managers and owners were the large land owners and leading

capitalists, and the corpoi'ation owned all that part of the shore line most eligi-i

ble for wharfage, so that this concern held the growing community in its arms. In 1825, for the purpose of the preservation and control of the water-power the Watuppa Reservoir Company was formed, and in 1832, they built a dam, two feet in height, above the dam of the Troy Company and just south of the present Troy building on Pleasant Street. This dam was built of quai'ried stone and occasioned a flowage of the low lands along the river banks, back to the mouth of the ponds, evidences of which can be clearly seen to the present day. In 18^9, a movement was begun which had a great influence on the future development of Fall River, and took eventually, the controlling interest in its affairs out of the hands of the Iron Works Company. In that year, the Union

Mills Company was started, the first corporation to raise its capital by general subscription, and such was the success of this venture, that in a few years other similar companies were formed, until to-day, the Fall River factories are all operated by joint stock corporations, and the business could not probably have

been developed to its present immense proportions except through this means of combining multitudes of small resources. Up to 1868, seven more corporations were organized, some of them building more than one mill, and all were very prosperous. The years 187 1-2, however, showed the most remarkable development of these corporations, as in that period fifteen were organized, factories erected involving an outlay of $13,000,000, adding 500.000 spindles ta those previously in operation, furnishing work for 6,000 people, and thereby adding to the population of the city 20,000 persons. In 1865, Fall River had fifteen cotton mills with only 241,218 spindles ; in 1875, there were thirty-eight mills with i .280,000 spindles, and during this same period the production of cotton cloth had increased from 30,000,000 to 330,000,000 yards per annum. The introduction of the principle of public subscription to the stock of the mill corporations in the case of the LTnion Mills was still further developed in 1867, when the Merchants Manufacturing Company was orgjjnized with a capital of $800,000 divided among 250 stockholders, and the Mechanics Mills in 186S, with a capital of $7^0,000, and 328 stockholders, no one of whom owned more than $2,500. The older mills, those built previous to 1S60, were nearly all located on the river on the last half-mile of its course, and were at first operated entirely by water-power. The mills built netween i860 and 1870 were mostly located on the banks of the river, from the brow of the hill back to near the head where it issued from the ponds, and were all steam-mills. Some of those built The Remodeled City Building, and a View of North Main Street, with a bit of the Borden, Robeson and Davol Mills, Fall River, Mass. 8

1 . FALL RIVER.

in 1871-2 and subsequently, were also erected in this region; others in the northern sections of the city on the banks of the Taunton River, and the remainder on Laurel Lake, a small body of water between the territory of Fall River and Tiverton to the south. the river The mills in Fall River are located in groups, namely, those on ; south, and a those at Bowenville, at the north ; those at Globe Village, at the small number on the shores of Mount Hope Bay. The oldest group is that on the lower part of the river, beginning at the bottom, with the Metacomet, then following, are the Annawan, Fall River Manufactory, Watuppa, Qtieque- chan, Pocasset, and Troy mills, all of them below the dam built in 1S33, which

increased the fall by two feet. On the stream above the dam, following nearly to its head along its east side, are the Wamsutta, three Union, three Durfee, two Granite, the Crescent, Merchants, Barnard, Wampanoag, Stafford, Flint, Seaconnet, Hargreaves, ]Merino and Cornell mills. The last eight corpoiTitions, with their tenements, form a community by themselves known as the Flint Village. On the west bank of the stream above the dam are the Tecumseh No. i, Robeson, Davol, Richard Borden, Tecumseh No. 3, Chace and Barnaby mills. Some two miles north of the stream, and along the bank of the Taunton River, at Bowenville, are the Mechanics, Weetamo, Narragansett, two Saga- more, and the three Border City mills. Two miles south of the stream, and on the highlands overlooking the bay, are the Slade, Montaup, Laurel Lake, Osborn, King Philip, and vShove

mills, all taking water from Laurel Lake. Beyond them, across the state line in Tiverton, are the Bourne and one of the Shove mills. The American Print Works, the Fall River Iron Works Mills, the Ameri- can Linen Company's two mills, and the Mount Hope Mill are located succes- sively on the bay southward from the stream. The territory of Fall River, north of the stream, was originally in the limits of Freetown, and that on the south in Tiverton. By a royal decree in 1746, five townships, previously within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, were

set oft' to Rhode Island, and Tiverton was one of them. The boundary between the towns was not clearly defined, and subsequently gave rise to vexatious com- plications when the city had attained some size. In 1803, that portion of Free-

town on the north of the stream was set oft' as a separate township, and named Fall River. In 1804 the name was changed to Troy, but the original name was again adopted in 1834. ^^^ 1S54 ^^^^ River was made a city. In 1856 that portion of Tiverton including Globe and Flint villages and up to the accepted boundary line of Massachusetts was erected into a Rhode Island town by the name of Fall River. Thus the compact place was not only under two local jurisdictions, but although all known by the same name was also in two states. By the settlement of the boundary question between the states in 1862, the Rhode Island town was ceded to the city, and Fall River acquired nine square miles of territory, an increase in population of 3,593, and $1,948,378 in taxable property. Fall River has often been called the " Border City," because of FALL RIVER. 19

being for so many years on the disputed boundaiy line between the states, and the name is perpetuated in Boi'der City Mills and village beyond Bowenville. Mount Hope Bay, nine or ten miles in length, and varying in wridth from three to five miles, is the northeast arm of Narragansett Bay. In shape it bears some resemblance to a human hand with the fingers spread out, but lack-

ing the thumb. The fingers are represented by four rivers flowing into it from the north, of which the largest is the Taunton River, coming in at the northeast, and at the mouth of which, but facing the bay. Fall River is situated. The other rivers are Lee's, Cole's, and Kickemuit, in the order named, westward from the Taunton River and flowing into the bay through wide estuaries. To the west the waters reach the main portion of Narragansett Bay, flowing past Mount Hope and between the peninsula of Bristol and the island of Rhode Island, while to the south they find their way to the ocean through the narrow and deep Seaconnet River. The whole bay is charming in situation and outline, and presents some of the most beautiful scenery on the Narragansett shores. As a roadstead it is broad enough to shelter navies, sufficiently deep for the largest vessels, and b}- its land-locked position is protected from storms on all sides. The hai'bor of Fall River at the mouth of the Taunton River is safe and commodious. Considerable coasting trade comes here, and a small number of foreign vessels annually arrive, bearing machinery or supplies for the mills. The main shipping is by the Fall River Line to New York, which during the year, besides its large passenger travel, carries an immense amount of merchandise. The Wiiisor Line also dispatches freight steamers from this port to Philadelphia, and does a good business. The Fall River and Providence Steamboat Company have run steamers -for freight and passengers between the two cities since 1828. The railroad advantages of Fall River are more than usually good. Along the whole extent of the water front the tracks of the Old Colony Rail- road run, making tide wafer connection possible at any point. This fact enables the line of Sound steamers to handle freight and passengers without any loss of time or energy, and makes this route a favorite one between Bos- ton and New York. By the Old Colony Railroad Fall River is fifty miles from Boston and nineteen from Newport. Trains also run direct to Providence by the railroad bridge over the Taunton River above Bowenville, and thence to Warren, where connection is made with the Warren and Bristol Division Old Colony Railroad. A railroad from New Bedford enters the city from the east, passing in over the " narrows " between the northern and southern sections of the Watuppa Pond, and then on a track built on piles on the border of the original channel of the Quequechan River, but on land that had been flowed by the building of the dam in the early manufacturing history of the place.

By this means its terminus is near the heart of the city, on the summit of the elevated plateau, but on account of this elevation no connection can be formed through the city with the main line of the Old Colony Railroad. Fall River has an excellent system of water works, which were first put in operation January, 1874. The water is pumped directly from the North Wa- tuppa Pond on the western shore, a short distance north from the Flint Village, 20 • FALL RIVER. and is much purer than that supplied to most of the cities in the country, analyzing

only 1.80 grains of solid matter per gallon, which is accounted for by the fact

that the pond is in a very sparsely settled territory. Two powerful engines supply the power for pumping, and two stand-pipes in a tower on a hill several hundred yards from the pond give a sufficient head of water to reach the highest points of the city. Looking out from Main Street along Bedford, this tower can be seen. At a height of seventy-two feet above the base of the tower, and 324

feet above the sea level is a balcony, three feet wide, from which is had a very extended view in every direction, covering the cities of New Bedford, Taunton, and Providence, and most of the country within a radius of twenty miles. The whole height of the tower from the base to the vane is 121 feet. The city has seven national banks, four savings banks, a loan and trust company, and three cooperative banks, the latter being in reality building asso-

ciations ; it has excellent police and fire departments ; its streets are lighted by

gas and electricity, and it has a fine public library of 32,850 volumes. No better illustration of the diversified character of the population could be afibrded than the fact that in the city fourteen denominations are represented, worshiping in thirty-seven churches. The largest number of any one denomi-

nation is of the Roman Catholics, who have ten churches. Next come the

Methodist Episcopal with seven, one of which is of colored people ; followed by

four, is French ; the the Episcopal, with four ; the Congregational, of which one

Christian, three ; the Baptist and Presbyterian, each two ; and one each of Unitarians, Primitive Methodists, Swedenborgians, Adventists, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and Society of Friends. The river for some distance back from the brow of the hill is now an im- derground stream, and to follow its course and recount its daily adventures and accomplishments would require the imagination of a Jules Verne or a Rider

Haggard to do it justice. What it accomplishes is, in reality, far more wonderful than any of the marvelous things told in story of the magic of Aladdin's lamp or the accomplishment of the genii in the Arabian Nights. Its waters move through dark passages, over ledges and precipices, and directed by the cunning brain and hand of man, work to such good purpose that for more than

three hundred days a year by the magic of their power, countless spindles i^e- volve and looms clatter and bang, producing clothing in abundance for the nations of the earth and the inhabitants of the isles of the sea, and adding greatly to the riches and conveniences of men. Let us follow its course, making only such an examination as a flying visit will warrant. In the rear of the Troy

building, corner of Pleasant and Fourth streets, the river first begins its underground journey, flows beneath the building, then under Pleasant Street, emerging to the light of day on the north side of the street. Keeping above ground

for a short distance, it disappears underneath the Troy Mill, where it first began

its labors and still carries on its daily toil. Emerging again for a longer period

than before, it flows past the rear of the new post-office and dives under Second Street, passes along by the foundations of the City Hall, under Main Street and the Granite Block, and becomes once more visible just before passing under-

neath the Qiiequechan Mill. From this point on, it appears and disappears so FALL RIVER.

The Post-Office, Fall River. rapidly and frequently that only a most painstaking que*st will discover all its phases, but the evidence of its labors are ever present in the immense factories beneath which its force is employed. After spending itself through all the succession of mills on the hillside, it at last emerges in a small basin at the foot of the hill, meeting and mingling with the tide. By reason of Fall River's situation on the sides and summits of a range of hills, from many of its streets magnificent views are had of Mount Hope Bay and shore, of the country beyond, of portions of the city itself, and of the distant waters and islands of lower Narragansett Bay, and the reaches of the Taun- ton River. Probably the very best place from which to obtain a comprehensive view of the whole city with its settings of bay, river, and lakes, is from the observatory of the new High School. Westward lies the bay in all its beauty, while at our feet is the populous portion of the city. To the southeast is the 22 • FALL RIVER.

2:)opulous table-land^ the city, with the mills along the river, and the Flint Vil- lage in the distance, the most conspicuous object being the stand pipe tower and the pumping station on the shore of the North Watuppa Pond. Southwest are seen, looming up against the sk}', the mills at the' Globe Village. Unequaled views are also obtained from the upper portion of Rock Street. From Highland

Avenue, which runs along the brow of the hills to the north, there is a fine outlook on the Taunton River. Eight Rod Way which extends over the hills in a southern direction affords the best views of the great granite factories to be had in the city, and Broadway which runs from the Ferry Street station to the Globe Village, along the slope of the hills, brings the spectator into the immediate and continued presence of the greater portion of Narragansett Bay. The feasibility of building a road along the shores of the bay, commencing at the southern terminus of Bay Street and extending in a southerly direction over

Tiverton territory, has been agitated and it would indeed make a most beautiful

drive, for it is difficult to find in summer-time a more pleasing stretch of shore than in this locality.

One of the best starting points for the stranger desiring to see the city is the Ferry Street station of the Old Colony Railroad. This is situated but a few hundred feet from the water front, and within a short distance of the largest group of mills and the central part of the city. The large mills seen from the platform to the west between the railroad and the shore are those of the Ameri- can Linen Company, so called from the fact that during the first six years of the existence of the company, from 1852 to 1S5S, linen was manufactured, but since then they have been engaged in the production of cotton goods.

Across the street from the Linen Mills is the new brick factory of the Fall River Iron Works Compan\', with its tall chimney, 345 feet in height. Cross- ing the railroad, a few yards north of the station, running past the north side

of the mills to the water, is Ferry Street, so named from the fact that when the Fall River and Warren Railroad was built, in 1S65, a steam ferry-boat plied between its terminus on the opposite side of the river and the slip at the foot of this street, and continued to run until the completion of the Old Colony Railroad bridge over the river at Slade's Ferry, two miles above, in 1S75.

Crossing the railroad at its intersection with Ferry Street, we enter Water

Street, and pass on a long bridge over Grab Pond. To the left, on the shore, is the Fall River Iron Works Mill, and a short distance further, on Water Street, are the large stone buildings of the American Print Works, erected in 1S6S, the works having first been established in 1S35. Immediately beyond the Print Works are the docks and whanes of the Fall River Line of Steamers to New York, with a number of the large white-painted freight and passenger vessels lying alongside. Entering Annawan Street, which runs east out of Water Street from opposite the Print Works, and crossing the railroad tracks, we find ourselves at the foot of the hill. Ascending on the left hand side we pass in succession the Metacomet, the Annawan, the Fall River Manufactory, the Watuppa, and the Qiiequechan and Pocasset mills, the establishments of the oldest companies in the city, although sbme of the buildings are fine, large, and recent structures. FALL RIVER. 23

Halfway up the hill, to the left, at the Fall River Manufactory, Pocasset Street branches out of Annawan, and the factories above that concern border on it. At the top of the hill Pocasset crosses Main Street. Looking from the northwest corner, before us is the central business portion of the city. To the right, corner of South ]Main and Pleasant streets, is the Borden Block, an immense structure of pressed brick with freestone trimmings, four stories in height, and containing the Academy of Music, the largest auditorium in the citv. in which are held theatrical entertainments, lectures, meetings, etc. Li front of our position is the remodeled City Hall, the inside of which was burned jSIarch 19, 1SS6. Crossing Main Street, we have a view of the entire length of the Granite

Block, built in 1S44, and so named on account of the material of which it is built. It extends from Pocasset to Central Street, twenty-six windows in length, four stories in height, and is as large as a factory, although somewhat more pleasing in design. Looking in either direction from this position the chief business blocks are almost all in sight, and as one passes along, glimpses of the bay are obtained through Pocasset and Central streets. The wide portion of the street extending from Pocasset to Central Street, and out of which on the east run Pleasant and Bedford stieets, and at either end, respectively, Xortii and South Main streets, is called Main Street, and is the business centre of the city. From this central square the horse-cars traverse the city to all the chief

suburbs ; along South Main Street to the Globe Village ; down North Main to

Bowenville and Steep Brook ; eastward along Pleasant Street to the Flint Village.

Passing up Bedford Street from Main, on the second block to the right, is the United States Custom House and Post-Office, a reall}' magnificent edifice, and one of the finest government buildings in the countrs". It is built of gray rock-faced ashlar, with carvings, decorations, and trimmings in red and gray granite, is three stories in height with a steep roof, and at either end on the Bedford Street front are circular pavilions piojecting from the main body of the building from top to bottom. Between these pavilions or towers, on the ground floor, are the entrances to the post-office through five broad archways separated from each other by large monoliths of polished red granite, sur- mounted by elaborately carved capitals of gray granite. On this front, ^vhich is 115 feet long by 93 in height, there is considerable carved work of* a high degree of excellence. The building has a frontage on Second Street of eighty- four feet, and the design of the entrance way here is a beautiful piece of architecture. The construction of the building was begun in 1875 and it was ready for occupancy in 1S80. The whole cost, including land and the furniture, was about $500,000. Immediately beyond the Custom House Building, the end of the Troy Mill abuts on Bedford Street. This is one of the two oldest concerns in the city, and is at the head of the water-power on the stream. Rock Street runs out of Bed- ford Street to the left just beyond the government building, and leads up a gradual ascent. Going up this street the first noticeable structure is the Central Congregational Church on the left, between Bank and Franklin streets, erected 24 . FALL RIVER. ill 1S75, and consitl#red the most beautiful church edifice in the city. It is built of fine brick, with sandstone trimmings in the Victorian early English gothic style, and has a fine tower and spire. One street further up, on the left also, is the Church of the Ascension, Protestant Episcopal, built of stone, with brick trimmings. We now approach on the right the most beautiful building in the city, and which is, besides, a monument of the public spirit of a scion of one of Fall

River's most eminent and honored families. This is the magnificent edifice of the B. M. C. Durfee High School, situated on an elevated site near one of the highest points of land in the city. It is the most conspicuous object seen on approaching the city from the west or south, and from its towers commands comprehensive views of the entire landscape. The building is four stories in height, built of granite, with a slate roof, in the modern renaissance style. The principal features are a clock tower, an observatory tower, and a central pavilion with steep roofs. It was presented to the city by Mrs. Mary B. Young, as a memorial of her son, Bradford M. C. Durfee, who died September 13, 1872, in his thirtieth year. 'J'he construction was begun August 13, 1883, the building was dedicated June 15, 1887, and the title to the structure with its contents and furnishings, consisting of chemical, mechanical, and philosophical apparatus, and all necessary conveniences, was turned over to the city, accompanied by the sum of $50,000, the income of which is to be devoted to the use of the school in certain branches. The building is devoted to the purpose of a High

School for the city, and its equipment is probably unsurpassed in the country. It contains a fine gymnasium, a drill hall, laboratories, and an astronomical observatory. This observatory is in a tower specially constructed, which is sur- mounted by a dome made of iron and steel, weighing six tons, poised on rollers, and so evenly balanced that a child can move it. The dome is seventeen feet in diameter, and contains an equatorial telescope with an object glass eight inches in diam.eter made by Alvan Clarke & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass. In the south tower is a large clock and a chime of bells. This beautiful structure was erected under the supervision of Mr. John S. Brayton, a brother of Mrs. Young, who had entire charge of its construction.

Rock Street is the place of some of the finest residences in Fall River. Be- yond the High School, the street reaches the summit of the hill, and many of the residences here are palatial in their size and appointments. Looking westward, extensive views are obtained of the city, Mount Hope Bay, the shores of Bristol and Warren, and the islands and waters of Narragansett Bay. Fol-

lowing the street to the brow of the hill, a fine view northward is obtained of

a portion of Bowenville and some of its factories, and of the lower reaches of the Taunton River, with alternate capes and bays, and the white spires and houses of the town of Somerset on the western bank, miles away. Returning down Rock Street and feasting our eyes on the succession of views of the bay to be had, let us pass down Locust Street to North Main. Proceeding south toward the centre of the city, on the left, near the corner, is the Unitarian Church, a brown, wooden structure. One street beyond, and on the

left, back from the street, is the Friends' Meeting-house, a square wooden build- FALL RIVER.

View of the Mills Along the Qijec^echax, Fall River, ing. Almost across the street, on corner of Pine, is the brick church of the First Baptist Society, built in 1850. On the southern corner of Pine is the fine three-story Brown building on the second floor of which the Free Public Li- brary is now located. Next adjoining "is the Sargent building, a very beautiful structure. On the right, at the corner of the next street. Elm, is the stone church of the First Congregational Society, built in 1833. Across the street from the church is the substantial two-story brick building of the Fall River Savings

Bank, and next adjoining is a beautiful five-story edifice, the new Mellen House, erected in 1888 — the finest appointed hotel in the city. A short distance further, on the right, is a fine three-story brick building in which are located the- elegantly appointed offices of the B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit and Trust Co., and the First National Bank. We are now in a region of banks and hotels, and crossing one street more, we are in Main Street in front of Granite Block. To reach Bowenville, take a horse-car passing down North Main Street. After a ride of a mile and a half along this thoroughfare — the latter portion through a region of substantial residences of wealthy or middle-class citizens — the route leads down a sharp incline into Bowenville which is situated on a plain bordering the Taunton River. There are here seven large factories, and in the neighborhood of each are the corporation houses. There are also many houses owned by the w^orking people, or by persons other than the corporations. The spaces between these houses are ample, and the whole neighborhood gives the impression of roominess. Each corporation's tenements and the houses in the immediate neighborhood usually go by the name of the corporation, and constitute a separate village. On the lieights just south of the tenement district are the palatial residences of the north end of Rock Street and its neighborhood. To see the southern section of the city, let us proceed along South Main

Street. The first street to the right is Annawan, and looking down the street on 26 . , FALL RIVER.

the south side we^ee the United Presbyterian Church. The next building beyond the corner of Annawan, on North Main Street, is the First Methodist Episcopal Church, a large wooden edifice with a tall steeple and some stores built on the front. On the same side of the street, between Annawan and Spring streets, are the St. John's Episcopal and the Second Baptist churches. On Spring Street, a short distance up the hill from South Main Street, is St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, a beautiful gothic edifice, built of granite, and with a graceful tower. To reach Globe Village, the southern extremity of the city, take a South Main Street car. A ride of about half a mile will bring us to the park, which extends down the slope from the street to the bay, is sixty acres in extent, having a length of 3,800 feet and a breadth of Soo feet. The park is finely located to receive the benefit of the delightful breezes from the bay, and while still defec-

tive in certain points, is a pleasant place of resort on a warm summer afternoon.

On the upper portion of it is a fine band stand. Another mile brings us into Globe Village w^here, on the high lands around Laurel Lake, a small body of water, are a number of large factories. A small cotton mill was started here in

iSi [, but was not a success. The Globe was then in Rhode Island, and so continued until the settlement of the boundary in 1S62. The tenements here are 01 the same general character as those seen in other sections. Between the mills

on the hill and the Taunton River is the older ^Dortion of the village, which also contains several factories. The Globe Village in some portions has a more ancient appearance than any other section of Fall River.

The Flint Village is the eastern section ot the city, and is reached by the horse-cars along Pleasant Street. Between Main Street and the end of this route, the majority of the mills in the city are passed. As the car proceeds up

Pleasant Street, the first factory is the Troy Mill on the left ; then on the right, some distance back from the street and along the bank of the river, are the Wamsutta Woolen Mills. In quick succession then follow, on the right, the three Union and the three Durfee mills. The latter form the largest corporation in the country engaged exclusively in the manufacture of print goods, having about one hundred and fifty thousand spind'es in operation. Eight Rod Way, a fine broad avenue, leads southward out of Pleasant Street, just beyond the Durfee Mills. Across the Avenue is the Crescent Mill, and a short distance

up the Eight Rod Way is the station of the New Bedford Railroad. On the

other side of Pleasant Street from its junction with Eight Rod Way, are the

Granite Mills, and just beyond along the street is the Merchants Mill, the largest

single mill in the city. Nearly half a mile beyond, on the left, is the Stafford Mill, and another half mile brings us into the centre of Flint Village, where along the river bank are the Barnaby, the two Wampanoag, the Flint, the Seaconnet, the Merino and the two new mills, the Hargreaves and the Cor-

nell mills. This section of Fall River is newer looking than any other, but it is fast putting on a finished and comfortable appearance.

The valuation of Fall River, in iSSS, was: Real Estate, $28,489,100 ;

personal property, $16,884,900. The number of dwellings was 5,302 ; number of polls 16,135. FALL RIVER. 27

FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING.

'The above is a view of the building owned l)y the First National Bank of Fall River, and occupied by that Bank and the B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit & Trust Company. The First National Bank was the sixth in Massachusetts and the two hundred and fifty-sixth in the United States established under the National Banking Laws. There are now two hundred and fifty-three National Banks in Massachusetts, and thirty-one hundred and fifty-one in the United

States. John S. Brayton has been its President from its organization, on the twenty-fifth day of February, 1863. Everett M. Cook is Cashier. Its capital is four hundred thousand dollars, with a large surplus. This Bank has been very successful, and its facilities for the transaction of an extensive business are not surpassed by any financial institution. It has substantial correspondents in

all of the large business cities in the country ; it also furnishes Travelers' Letters of Credit which are good in all pai'ts of the world. It buys and sells exchange, and has a large line of depositors. Accounts of merchants, corpor:.- tions, and business men are respectfully solicited. B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit & Trust Company. — Incorporated by the Legislature of Massachusetts. — John S. Brayton, President ; Arthur W. Allen, Treasurer; Thomas E. Brayton, Vice-President. In its Banking De- partment money is received on deposit subject to check on presentation. Interest allowed on dailv balances and credited monthlv. Invites the accounts, 28 , FALL RIVER. great or small, ^f banks, bankers, corporations, municipalities, town treasuiers, manufacturers, firms, individuals, and those acting in any official or trust capacity Legally authorized to receive and hold money or property on trust or on deposit from executors, administrators, assignees, guardians, and to act as agent for the purpose of issuing, registering, or countersigning the certificates of stock, bonds or other evidence of indebtedness of any corporation or association. Safe Deposit Department, David S. Brigham, Manager. The vaults are large and capacious, and in their construction, in which no expense has beea spai"ed, they are made positive Fire, Burglar and Mob proof. In the vaults are individual Safe Deposit Boxes for rent to parties wishing absolute security for their valuables. Prices $io to $ioo per annum, according to size. Less time at those rates. These Boxes require the master-key and the presence of the Manager of tlie Safe Deposit department as well as the renter to open. One cannot without the other. Patrons may remove and replace their Boxes as often as desired during business hours. Storage Department for furs, silverware, laces, papers, books and all kinds of valuables at very low rates.

One of the most essential articles required in a cotton mill is what is tech- nically known as " banding," — which varies in size from coarse twine to an

inch rope and is used to transmit power from one part of a machine to another on spindles, cylinders, and drums. At 83 Prospect Street, Small Brothers make all varieties besides wrapping twine and clothes lines. The material

used is cotton yarn either in the cop, bobbin, or on the beam, and the banding

is made to the oi"der of the mills, many of which furnish the material. Badly tangled or raveled yarn is straightened out and utilized, thereby saving what would otherwise be waste. The different varieties of banding made are loop banding for spinning frames, mule spindle banding, drum, rim and scroll band-

ing, etc. Loop banding is a specialty for which they have a large demand. Over five hundred thousand spindles are now being run with the banding made here. The firm occupies a two-story wooden building, 42 x 40, with a covered rope walk 400 feet long. Their machines, of five varieties and numbering seventeen in all, are operated by a ten horse-power engine.

On the left-hand side of the beautiful entrance to Oak Grove Cemetery at the end of Prospect Street is the yard and monument works of Alexander Lawson. Here monuments, headstones, curbings, and all kinds of cemetery work in marble and granite are executed in excellent taste and style. New and

original designs are always on hand, and the quality of the workmanship is always equal to the best anywhere. Ten or twelve men are constantly employed, so that orders at any time can be executed promptly. The location of Mr. Law-

son's yard is particularly convenient, as it aflbrds facilities for the easy transfer

of the perfected work to its destination, while at the same time the position is most appropriate for the giving and receiving of orders for this class of work. FALL RIVER.

The only shore resort in the immediate neighborhood of Fall River is Riveniew Garden, in the village of Steep Bx-ook, three miles north of the city, on the Taunton River. It occupies an excellent position, fine view^s up and down the river being obtained from the grounds. Clam dinners are served in the regular Rhode Island style in a commodious and airy dining hall, capable of seating three hundred persons at once. On the grounds, which are quite extensive, are a covered ice cream cafe, an excellent set of swings, hobby horse, plenty of seats, grassy lawns, shade trees and awnings. North- ward from the main grounds is a large athletic ground which forms a natural amphitheatre, affording excellent opportunity from two stands, one at either end, and from the

banks surrounding it, for witnessing

games. The Steep Brook station is only three minutes' walk distant,

while the horse-car terminus is only two minutes' walk. Shore dinners are sei'ved every Tuesday, Thurs- day, Friday, and Sunday, under the personal supervision of Mr. Richard Whitehead, the proprietor. In the vicinity there are excellent facilities for boating, bathing, and fishing. In the large building on the street at

the entrance is a fine dance hall for the accommodation of parties.

In a manufacturing city such as

Fall River, with its numerous factories, many lines of work are developed with special reference to the

local demand. This is particularly true of the business of the Clarkson Steam Heating Company, 44 Second Street, whose principal work is heavy piping for mills, the putting 30 ^ FALL RLVER.

in of the immense quantities of steam and water pipes required tor the heating and sanitary arrangements in these mammoth structures. The company's specialty is heavy steam work, and the remodeHng in existing mills of their heating arrangements for the purposes of securing greater efKciency and economy. They do

any manner of work that can be done with piping, whether it relates to steam, air, gas, water, sewerage, or miscellaneous plumbing, either in mills or dwellings, but with the steam work they are particularly at home, and Mr. Clarkson's twenty years of experience in heating private dwellings with hot water or steam, enable them to make the claim that in this line they can do anything that experience has shown to be possible. All kinds of piping for engines, pumps, and boilers are executed in excellent style, and they also erect pumps, boilers, and small engines, and fit valves of all descriptions. Mr. Clarkson has had much experience in fitting up compound engines. Besides all this work the concern deals in steam, gas, and water pipe and fittings of every description, and also in engines, boilers, steam pumps, and engineer's supplies. Get the prices and estimates before going elsewhere.

The Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company, doing a large freight business from Fall River, and whose wharf is located between the Old Colony and American Printing companies' frontage, have a line from Boston carrying passengers. One of their magnificent steamers sails from end of Long Wharf, Boston, every Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 p. m., and from Philadelphia, every Tuesday and Friday, at 12 m. A capital ocean excursion, giving forty hours at sea. Fare each way $10, the round trip $18, which includes meals and berth. Service unexcelled.

Li every manufacturing centre in connection with a great industry there are many smaller businesses that supply portions of the necessary materials or tools. One of the most essential subordinate manufactures in such a city as Fall River is the making of loom harnesses. In this business the firm of W. E. McLane and Company is engaged, and the quality of their product is such that an excellent business has been built up. They manufacture harnesses of every description, to order from the best of material. The premises occupied are at 88 Bedford Street, and consist of two rooms 30 x 100 feet and one 34x40 feet, in which are machines suitable for the work, all operated by a ten horse-power engine, and a force of twenty-five skilled hands are constantly employed. In connection with this business a roll covering shop is operated on an upper floor, where ten hands are employed. This department, while practically under the same management, goes under the name of Davis and Company. The covering of rollers is also a very necessary part of the preparatory work in the cotton manufacture, as on the skill and accuracy with which the inner cloth and the outer leather covering is put on the rollers used either on spinning mules or frames, depends largely the evenness of the yarn made on those machines. This business was established in 1S79, and after various changes in the firm Mr. McLane, who had been a partner since the beginning, became the head of the firm. He is a native of Fall River, and thoroughly familiar with the business. FALL RIVER. 31

For all varieties of iron and steel the best place in Fall River to go to is the fine establishment of Congdon, Carpenter & Company, 50 and 52 Pocasset Street. They have here constantly on hand a full line of heavy hardw^are, blacksmith's supplies, carriage woodwork and trimmings, tin plates and metals. A large stock of saddlery hardware and horse furnishings, harnesses, blankets, whips, robes, and everything necessary in these lines are constantly carried, and this branch of the business has been much enlarged and extended. This store is a branch of the well-known house of Congdon, Carpenter & Company,

Providence, R. L, and is under the efficient management of Mr. Field.

No improvement sets off an estate to greater advantage than carefully constructed walks, drives, and sidewalks, and undoubtedly the best materials for these purposes are the compositions so largely in use in recent years. Mr. Charles H. Williston, Si Pleasant Street, Fall River, makes a specialty of all the best varieties of asphalt and concrete work, not only for the purposes mentioned, but also for roofing, for which these materials are most excellently adapted. He has covered the roofs of some of the largest mills in the city with asphalt, for the preparation of which he possesses the best facilities east of New York, having a mammoth steam mixer by which the ingredients are so thoroughly assimilated with each that they form a perfect roofing or paving material. Much of this excellent result is due to the quality of the asphalt, which is a natural product obtained from the celebrated Lake of Trinidad. Mr. Willis- ton is agent for the asphalt concrete, for Warren's natural asphalt and double roofing, which for cheapness, durability, security against fire and water is unex-

celled ; and also for the Phenix brand roofing: materials.

The Providence Washington Insurance Company is one of the oldest and strongest underwriting institutions in the country, and has established a reputation from the Atlantic to the Pacific, which is a source of justifiable pride alike

to the city in which it is established, and to its broader home — New England. The company dates from 1799, and its name was formed by the merging into one of the Providence and Washington Insurance companies of Providence. The company does a general fire business in almost every state of the Union, and an extensive marine business. The cash capital at present is $400,000, and the assets on January ist, 1SS9, were $1,174,148.28. The offices of the company are at 20 Market Square, in the Providence Washington building, formerly known as the What Cheer building, and now owned by this company. Since its organization the company has only had four Sulli- presidents : first, Richard Jackson, father of Governor Jackson ; second,

van Dorr; third, John Kingsbury; and fouith, the present incumbent, J. H. De Wolf. The present vice-president is J. B. Branch, Geoi'ge E. Bixby is treasurer, and E. L. Watson is secretary. The directors have always been men prominentl)'^ identified with the business and manufactures in the state. The names of the present board, who are eminently men of the highest business

position and character, are as follows : Rowland Hazard, J. H. De Wolf, R. I. Wm. Grosvenor, Jr., Wm. Ames, Henry J. Steere, F. W. Carpenter, Gammell, E. Philip Mason, Royal C. Taft, Eugene W. Mason, John S. Palmer. The Strangers' Guide-Fall River.

POINTS OF INTEREST. Spinners' Hall, 109 1-2 South Main. Star Music Hall, County street. Academj- of Music, South Main, corner Plpasaut. St. Jean Baptist Hall, 32 Jencks. Almshouse. TLe City, Brownell. west of Highland ave. St. John's Hall, 64 Third. Americau Print Works, foot of Anuawan, corner of Temple Hall. Troy Building. Unity Hall, Troy Building. Athletic Club, The Fall River, Durfee Block. Waverly Hall, 48 Borden Block. Annawan Boat Club House, 76 Davol. Wiuslow's Hall, 649 North M-^in, Steep Brook. Arnjory Building. 1 to 13 Pocasset. Associated Charities, 60 North Main. WHAIIV£S. Bible Society. Dejiository 7 Granite Block. Borden Block, South Main, corner Pleasant. Bowenville wharf, Bowenville. Board of Trade. Manufacturers, Pocasset National Brayton's, Davol, corner Central. Buildiut?. Bank City. 76 Davol. Children's Home, 130 Walnut, east of Robeson. Derrick, near Old Colony Wharf. City Hall. Market Square, corner Main and Pocasset. Fall River Iron Works, foot of Central. City Hospital, at Almshouse Globe, foot of Shaw. Commercial Club, 8 Borden Block. L.ndsey's, foot of Central. Convent and Academy of the Sacred Heart, 70 Pros- Linen Mill, foot of Ferry. pect. Marine Railway, near Rolling Mill. Convent of Our Lady of Perpetual Succor, 12 Slade Massasoit, Davol, between Central street and Rodman's. street. Mechanics Mill, west of the Mills. Convent of the Ladies of Jesus Mary, Mason, corner New York Steamboat, near foot of Central street. Oil Works, 18 Davol, foot Pine. Co-operative Building, 112 to 120 Bedford. Providence Steanibeat, north side railroad depot, near House, Square. Court Court foot Central. Custom House, Second, cor. Bedford. Rodman's, 58 to 64 Davol. Fall River Bleachery, Laurel Lake, Globe Village. Rolling Mill, near Grab Pond. Fall River Hospital. Slade's, 14 Davol, near Central. Fall River Savings Bank Building. 83 North Main. Flint's Block, Pleasant, corner Third. First National Bank Building. 58 and 60 North Main. RAILROAD STATIONS AND STEAM- Fire Department. Central Building, 1 to 13 Pocasset. Grab Pond, between Ferry street and American Print BOAT LANDINGS. Works. Granite Block, Main, between Pocasset and Central. Bowenville Depot, Old Colony Railroad, Turner, corner High School, Rock, Locust, High and Cherry. Durfee. Laurel Lake, a pond about a mile in length, on the Fall River and Providence Steamers, near foot Central. hill, at Globe Village. New Bedford and Fall River Railroad, Eight Rod Way, Notre Dame Orphan Asylum, Bassett, corner Mason. near Pleasant. , _ Notre Dame College, 19 Bassett, near Ashtou. Ferry Street Station, Old Colony Railroad, foot of Pocasset Block, Main, between Pocasset and Pleasant. Ferry street. Pocasset National Bank Building, Main, corner Bed- Fall River line, steamers to New York, lauding and ford. railroad station on wharf, foot of Central. Post Ofhce. Bedford, corner Second. Public Library, Brown's Block, 92 to 96 North Main. Slade Ferry Bridge (railway and highway), spanning LOCALITIES IN CITY LIMITS. Taunton River from Remington street, Bowenville, to opposite shore. Bowenville, northern portion of city, near the river, Troy Bridge, Pleasant, corner Fourth. three-quarters of a mile from City Hall. Water Works, on shore of Watuppa Lake, end of Bed- Oopicut, east side of Watuppa Pond. ford street. Flint Village, eastern portion of city, along the north Mule Spinners Association, Fall River Spinner'j Hall, bank of Quequechan River. 109 1-2 South Main. Globe Village, southern part of the city, a mile and St. Vincent's Orphan's Home. Forest Hill Garden. a half south of City Hill. St. Catherine's Convent and Academy, 185 Second. Mechanicsville. a portion of Bowenville. St. Ann's Convent and Parochial School. 16 Grant. Mount Hope Village, a portion of the Globa^illage. United States Government Building, Second, corner Narragansett Village, rear of NarraganSett Mills, Bedford. North Main. Women's Union Day Nursery, 28 Robeson. New Boston, northeastern part of city. Women's Christian Temperance Union, 28 North Main. Oak Grove Village, east of Beattie's Stone Yard, be- Y. M. C. Association. tween New Boston Road and Locust street. HALLS. Steep Brook, northwestern part of the city. Academy of Music, South Main, corner Pleasant. COTTON FACTORIES. Albion Hall. 45 Pleasant. Brightman Hall, 400 North Main. American Linen Mills (two). Ferry. Brown's Hall. Annawan Mill, Annawan. Carrollton Hall, 107 South Main. Barnaby Mill, Quequechan, Flint Village. City Hall. Market Square, corner Main and Pocasset. Barnard Mill, Que(iuechan. Flint Village. Concert Hall. 45 Pleasant. Border City Mills (three). North Main, Bowenville. Forrester's Hall. Troy Building, Pleasant. Bourne Mills (one). Laurel Lake, beyond Globe Village Friendly Sons' Hall. 69^. South Main. in Tiverton, R. I. Garfield Hall. Troy Building, Pleasant. Chace Mills (one), Rodman. Grand Army Hall, Borden Block. Conanicut Mills (one). Bay. Knights of Honor Hall, Flint's Block, Pleasant, corner Crescent Mills (one). Eight Rod Way. Third. Cornell Mills, Flint Village. Knights of Pythias Hall, 83 North Main. Davol Mills (two), Hartwell. Lincoln Hall, 13 East Main. Durfee Mills (three). Pleasant. Ligano Hall, 117 South Main. Fall River Iron Works Mill, Water and Ferry sts., on Masonic Hall, 9 Franklin. shore. Metacomet Hall, 49 Bcdlord, Fall River Manufactory, Pocasset. Music Hall, 9 Franklin. Fall River Merino Mill, Alden, Flint Village. Odd Fellows' Hall, Bordou Block. Flint Mills (one), Alden, Flint Village. Pocasset Hall, over 10 Market Square. Globe Yarn Mills (three), GHobe street, Globe Village. CLARKSON STEAM HEATING CO., AGENTS FOR THE Spence HotWater Heater.

For Warming Dwellings, Public Build- ings, by Hot Water Circulation, adapted to climatic changes.

Healthful, Uniform, Eoonomical, Efficient, Sim- ple, Durable, and is to-day recognized as the best Heating Method in existence.

Plumbing, Sewering, and Gas Piping

In all its branches. Also, Dealers in STEA.>r, GAS, AND WATER PIPE AND FIT- TINGS OF FVEllY DESCRIPTION. EN- GINES, BOILERS, STEAM PUMPS, AND ENGINEERS' SUPPIilES. No. 44 Second Street, Fall River, Mass.

PHENIX I IRON » FOUNDRY,

Sole Manufacturers of the IMPBOTED NACLE POWER PUMP.

Also, Manufacturers of Bleaching. Dyeing and Printing Machinery, for finishing Cotton Goods, and of general Mill Work. Cotton, Paper, and Husk Rolls a specialty.

For Gears, Pulleys and Pumps, send for Catalogue.

C. R EARLE, Prest. and Treas. A. W. C. ARNOLD, Agent. M. W. GARDINER, Jr., Sec. ESTABLISHED 1857.

American Ship Windlass Co,,

->SBOX 53. 9«-

Original and only Build-

ers of the Celebrated" Prov- '^ idence " Steam and Hand Windlasses, and Steam, Crank and Power, Capstans,

H'l for Steam and Sailing Ves-

sels, Yachts, Tugs, Wreck-

ing Boats, Pilot Boats, Ele-

\ators, Dr}' Docks, Etc. And also Winter's Patent Hawse Pipe Stoppers and

^\'llarf and Ferry Drops.

The "Providence" Patent Capstan Windla:

The "Providence- Patent Capstan Wind- lass, WITH J. SOUTHARD'S MESSEN- T. The "Providence" Patent Pump Brake GER Chain Attachment. Windlass. New Style.

" The Providence" Patent Power The "Providence" Ratchet Gypsey Capstan. Windlass. ; .

FALL RIVER. 35

Granite Mills (two). Twelfth. Cambridge, corner Coral street; Canal street: Chace, ; street: Daniorth Har^eaves Mills (one), Flint Villap:e. Warren street Columbia street ; Covel King Phillip Mills (two), Laurel Lake, Globe \ illage. street; Davenport, Branch, corner Kourth street; Davis, Laurel Lake Mills (one), Broadway, Globe Village. Quequechan street; Ferry lane; Flmt street; High street; Massasoit Manufacturiuif Co. June street; Linden, corner Locust street: Lindsay Mechanics Mills (one), Mecliauicsville, Bowenville. street; Maple street; Morgan street; Mount Hope; Os- Merchants Mills (two). Fourteenth. born street; Pine street; Pleasant street; Slade SoutU MetacomttMill. Annawau. _ Main, corner Slade street; Town avenue; Third street. Mills (one\ North Main, BoweEviUe. Narragansett Mixed Schools. Osborn Mills (two), Laurel Lake, Globe Village. Pocasset Mills (three), Pocasset. Copicut ; Indian Town ; Lower New Boston ; Steep Quequechau Mills (one), Pocasset. Brook ; Upper New Boston ; Tucker street. Kichard Borden Mill (two), Rodman. Robeson Mills (one), Hartwell. Sagamore Mills (two), North Main, Bowenville. CHURCHES. Seiconnet Mills (one). East Warren, Flint Village. Shove Mills (two), on Laurel Lake; one in Globe V il- Baptist. lage, the other over the line in Tiverton, R. I. Firfct, North Maine, corner Pine. Slade Mills (one). Laurel Lake, Globe Village. Temple, 8& South :Maine, between Annawan and Springr. Stafford Mills (two). Quarry. Tecumseh Mills (two). Hartwell. „ ,^ , Congregational. Troy Mills (two), Troy, between Pleasant and Bedford. Uuibn Mills (three). Pleasant. First, North Main, corner Elm. Wampauoair Mills (two), Quequechan. Central, Rock, corner Bank and Franklin. Weetamoe Mills (one), Mechauicsville, Bowenville. Central Mission Sabbath School, Pleasant, cor. Sixth. Third. Hanover, corner Maple. POLICE STATIONS. French, Pleasant, corner Sixth. Christian. No. 1.—Court Square No. 2.—North Main, corner Brownell. Franklin street, Franklin, corner Purchase. No. 3.—Pleasant, comer Roclift'e. Bogle Street, Bogle. No. 4.—Freedom. North, Steep Brook. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Episcopalian. Church of the Ascension, 44 Rock. Central Building, 1 to 13 Pocasset. St. John's, 263 South Main. Fire Enoines and Stations. St. Mark's, Flint Village. St. James', North Main, opposite Narragansett Mills. No. 1.—Quequechan, J^rospect, corner Highland avenue. Methodist Episcopal. No. 3.—Metacomet. Central Building. No" 4.—Niagara, Niagara Building, Eight Rod Way. First, South Main, near Annawan. No. 5.—Massasoit. Freedom, Globe Village. St. Paul's, Bank, near North Main. No. 7.—Pocasset, Pleasiint, corner Rocliffe. Quarry Street, 21 Quarry. Bray ton. Globe, Globe Village. Hook a'd Ladder Companies. North, Steep Brook. Park, North Main, corner Hood. No. 1.—Reindeer, Central Station, Pocasset. Maple Street (African), 57 Maple. No. 2.—Antelope, 98 Bedford. No. 3.—Niagara Building, Eight Rod Way. Presbi/terian. Hose Companies. United Pearl, corner Annawau. Westminster, South Main, opposite Washington. No. 2.-King Phillip, 98 Bedford. No. 6.—Annawan. ^orth Main, corner Brownell. Roman Catholic. No. 8.—Cascade, 166 South Main, near Morgan. Church of the Sacred Heart, Linden. SCHOOL BUILDINGS. St. Joseph's. North Main. PUBLIC St. Mary's, Spring. St. Louis', Durfee avenue, corner Eagle. Grammar Schools. Notre Dame de Lourdes, Basset, opposite AsntoQ. B. M. C. Durfee High School, Rock. St. Ann's, Hunter, corner William. Borden, Brownell, corner High; Border City; Daven- St. Matthew's, St. Mary's street, Mechauicsville. Patrick's. Slade. port, Branch, corner Fourth ; Davis, Quequechan ; High St. Westall, Maple; Morgan; Slade, South Main, corner St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Snell. Slade. Immaculate Conception, Thomas, near County. Training School. Other Denominations. Robeson, Columbia street. Advent Christian, Coral, near Stafford road. Intermediate Schools. Friends, 99 North Main. New Jerusalem, 64 Rock, between Cherry and Locust. Annawan street ; Borden, Brownell street ; Border City, Primitive Methodist, Eight Rod Way.

North Main, Bowenville ; Bo wen street, Broadway; cor- Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day ner Division street; Brown, Bedford street; Brownell, Saints, Clatliu Brownell street, Cambridge, corner Coral street; Chace, Unitarian, 113 North Main.

Warren street ; Columbia street; Covel street; Danforth street; Davenport, Branch, corner Fourth: Davis, Que- quechau; Ferry lane; High street; June street; Linden, CEMETERIES. Lindsey street; street; Mount corner Locust; Morgan North Main, corner Hood. avenue; Pine street; Slade, South Main, corner Friends, Hope North Burial Grounds, North Main, corner Brightmau. made. Grove, head of Prospect. Primary Schools, Oak St. John's, Brightman. Annawan street; Bedford street; Border City; Bowen St. Mary's, Amity and Laurel. street; Broadway, corner Division; Brown, Bedford St. Patrick's, Highland avenue. line. street; Brownell, Brownell street; Bulfinton street; Notre Dame (French), Stafford Road, near B, I.

A. G.W^ILLIAMS & CO.

Lumber Yard, SASHES,

INGELL ST., Doors, Bii

steam Saw Planing Weir Jnnctiou

Deaiers iu all kinds of r^ XJ :\j: :b E> le Factory, 62 Weir St., TAUNTON, MASS.

E. C. STRANGE'S Pat. Combination Vise and Drill

This Combluation Vise and Drill will be found not only a useful Tool for the Ma- chine Shop, but indis- pensable to the Car- penter, Pattern Maker Wheelwright, Black- smith, Farmer. Den- tist, .Jeweler, Wood- Engraver, Cooper, or Amateur. Fur use on board Steam Ships and SailinK Vessels will be found peculiarly handy. Substantially made of the best materials. Every part fitted to standard. Any piece accidentally injured can be duplicated at once.

STRANGERS Champion Combination Foot Lathe,

PATENTED AUGUST 8th, 1876, M.\Nnr.\OTURED BY Strange's Machine Works, XAUNXON, MASS. In the combination here offered, we have in one machine all the advantages of the Turning £ialhe, Boring ITIachine, Circular and Jig Saw. ONE OR ALL PARTS MAY BE USED AT THE SAME TIME. It iiossesses superior advantag-es over all others for Turning-, Drilling:, Polishing-, Scroll and Circular Sawing-. It turns 22 inches long-, and 7 inches diameter. Weight complete, 175 lbs. Our facilities for manufacturing enable us to make prices low. SEND FOR ILLUSTBATED PRICE LIST. Cylinder Saw, Box Board and Stave ilfacliinery. BS^Bicycle Repairing a .Specialty. BROWNELL, ASHLEY & CO, MANUFACTURERS OF

24 to 38 FOURTH STREET, NEW REDFORD, MASS. Horse Shoeing and Carriage Repairing. MOORE & BOOTH steam Planing and Moulding Mill.

Cabinet and Door Work in all its branches. Mantels of all kinds a specialty,

MOORE & BOOTH, Cor. Mason and Myrtle Streets, - TAUNTON, MASS. fe-

lamwiatiiiiiiiiiiiii im

T.iE High School, Taunton. PART SECOND.

Taunton.

AN OFF-SHOOT OF PLYMOUTH COLONY — INDIAN NAMES AND INCIDENTS ELIZABETH POOLE — SITUATION AND TERRITORY — SHIPPING FACILITIES WATER POWER LOCALITIES IN THE CITY INDUSTRIES: EARLY MANUFACTURE OF IRON INCORPORATION CAUSES OF SLOW GROWTH — INSTITUTIONS AND CONVENIENCES CHURCHES INSANE ASYLUM —-DERIVATION OF NAME RAILROADS — WALKS ABOUT TOWN.

One of the sections of country first settled in New England by the white men was within the territory now under the jurisdiction of the city of Taunton. The original settlement of Plymouth by the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620 was only twenty miles away from the head of navigation on the Taunton River, and when they began to extend their settlements into the new country, they went westward along the Indian trails, and within ten years after the arrival of the Mayjioiver^ settlers had founded homes on the bank of the Taunton River. Bv 1639 there were enough settlers in the vicinity to form a self-governing community, and it was incorporated in that year under the Plymouth patent, being the oldest settlement in Bristol County, and the fourth in order of time in the colony.

The Indian name for the locality on which Taunton nov\' stands was Cohan- net, and the settlers adopted this title at first, which is still retained in some 40 TAUNTON. local names of streets and other things. The word is said to have meant " the place of snow-drifts," because the aborigines had observed that more snow fell here on the plains and remained longer than on the sea-coast at Montaup, Sowams, and others of their haunts. Before the arrival of the Pilgrims a plague had raged among the Indians in this region of country, and had almost caused a depopulation of the land. The year after the Pilgrims landed at Pl}- mouth, one of their number, Edward Winslow, guided by an Indian, crossed the country from Plymouth to the head of the Taunton River, passed down along its banks on his way to see Massasoit, Chief of the Wampanoags, who had his home at Sowams, on the spot where Warren, R. I., now stands. Two years later Winslow made the journey aga.in, this time, however, being accompanied bv one John Hampden, supposed by some to have been th« celebrated English patriot of that name who took such an active and glorious part in the events leading up to the overthrow of Charles I. of England. A popular tradition to the effect that Taunton was founded by Elizabeth Pool.e, an English lady of quality, in 1637, was accepted to such an extent, that a monument erected in 1836, by the ladies of Taunton in her honor, describes her as the " Foundress of the town of Taunton." Her name, however, does not appear as one of the original proprietors, and according to the Hon. Edmund H. Bennett, in his historical address on the 250th anniversary of the founding of the city, " So far as we can now ascertain, the popular tradition of her purchase of the place with a jack-knife and a peck of beans, must be ranked with

the legends of Romulus and Remus as founders of Rome ; with that of William Tell as the deliverer of Switzerland, or of Pocohontas as the saviour of Captain

John Smith." It is quite clearly proved, however, that this lady was one of the most influential and public-spirited of the first settlers, that she with her household removed here from Dorcester, became a large land owner, was an active promoter of the interest of the community, and was a Avoman of great

virtue and energy, so that although perhaps not entitled to the title " foundress,"

she is worthy of remembrance for her work and character.

The city of Taunton is situated at the head of navigation on the Taunton River, seventeen miles north of Fall River. The city proper, comprising the compact community on the river, covers less than four square miles, but the

outlying country, principally to the west and north, is under the municipal

jurisdiction, and the whole territory is over ten miles in extent in its greatest

length, by nine in its greatest width, although in one portion it is only two

miles wide and is very irregular in outline, as many of the adjoining towns have

been formed out of its original bounds. The surface is generally flat and but slightly elevated above the sea level, the highest point being Prospect Hill, two and a half miles north of the centre of the city, and less than two hundred feet above tide water. Taunton, although so far inland, has excellent shipping facilities, furnished by the river of the same name which flows around the city to the eastward and has its sources in several small streams in Plymouth County. At East

Taunton, four miles from the city, is a dam which furnishes a head of water for the Old Colony Iron Works located there. The tide of Mount Hope Bay TAUNTON. 41

A Taunton Industry — The Brickmakers.

•ebbs and flows to this point, and tugs and scows ascend thus far with freight. The head of navigation for sailing vessels is at Weir Village, the southern end of the city. The Mill River enters the city from the north, and flowing thi'ough the villages of Whittenton, Britanniaville, and Hopewell, furnishes power for manufacturing establishments in these places and in the central portion of the city, and unites with the Taunton River at the Neck o' Land a short distance above Weir Village. In the westerly part of the territory the Three Mile River flows, furnishing power for mills in the villages of Oakland and Westville, and unites with the Taunton River at the village of North Dighton, three miles below the city. In the easterly part are several ponds which afford power at their outlets for saw-mills. There are some forests of considerable extent in the outlying regions, the largest being in Great Cedar Swamp to the northeast. The city itself consists of the central and most compact portion on the Mill

l^iver about half a mile from its junction with the Taunton River, the villages of Hopewell, Britanniaville, and Whittenton, north of the central part in the order named, and the village of Weir, south on the Taunton River, and the port of the entire community. The villages to the north are separated by comparatively thinly settled sections from each other and from the central part Avhich, however, merges into Weir on the south, there being no large unoccu- pied spaces as at the north.

Taunton has probably more varied industries than any city of its size in New England. The leading ones at present are the manufacture of cotton goods, tacks, nails and spikes, locomotives, cotton machinery, printing presses, stoves and stove linings, copper and zinc in all mercantile fonns, britannia ware and bricks, besides which there are a large number of other manufactures carried on in small establishments. In the vicinity of Taunton iron works were established as early as 1656, and during the eighteenth century on all available spots along the numerous streams in the township, forges and " bloomeries " were put in operation to convert the native ore into iron. Dur- ing the latter part of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth, ingots of iron were used as money in this region. At the villages of Hopew^ell and Whittenton where cotton mills now exist, the original industry

4 42 • TAUNTON. was the iron manufacture. This early start in the basal manufacture in a new country resulted in giving Taunton a much diversified industry, as the con- verting of the native ore into bar iron was soon followed by attempts to manufacture it into necessary implements, tools, and supplies. The nail manufacture has always been a leading business, and the improvements in machinery have been fully utilized in this industry in the establishments here. In January, 1865, Taunton became a city, and its population was 16,005. In 1875 the number of inhabitants was 20,445, ^" increase of 4,440, which the Massachusetts State Census said was from the natural growth, as " the burning of the Taunton Car Company's Works, the removal of the American Screw Company's Works to Providence, R. I., the depression in the iron and brick businesses were causes which prevented a large increase in population." From a total of an 1875 to 1S85 the city gained 3,229 in population, making 23,674, / annexation of a portion of Taunton to Berke- increase of 15.79 P^^' cent. The ley, and the removal of a mill from East Taunton, made the percentage of increase smaller than it otherwise would have been. The proportion of persons of foreign birth is slightly less in Taunton than in New Bedford, and very much less than in Fall River. This is undoubtedly accounted for by the fact of the greater diversity of employment in Taunton, and also that the industries carried on have required a larger proportion of skilled workmen. The city has all the modern conveniences now considered so requisite for municipal well-being. 'An admirable system of water-works was put in operation in 1876, on the Holly System of direct pumping, the supply being obtained from the Taunton River above tide-water. A free Public Library was established in 1866, and has since been maintained in excellent condition. Taunton is the home of a noted association, the Old Colony Historical Society, organized in 1853, which has always held its meetings in the city, its object being the preserving of the history and records of the Old Colony in Massachusetts. Numerous papers on the early and recent history have been read before this society, some of which have been published in its proceedings. A horse-car line runs the entire length of the populous portion of the city, from Whittenton to Weir Village, and shorter routes run across from the City Hall to some distance out on Winthrop Street and to the Agricultural Fair Grounds. By these routes the community is very well served, as the lines reach every part of the city. A daily and two weekly newspapers are published in the city. Taunton was the original county seat of Bristol County, but when New Bedford became a large and populous place during the palmy days of the whale fishery, terms of the courts were also held there, and when, later on. Fall River began to increase from its condition as a small village, it, too, was elevated to the position of a court town. In the city and adjoining villages there are twenty-one churches, several of those in the central part being stately and beautiful edifices. Eight denominations are represented, the Congregationalists and Methodists having each five churches, the Roman Catholics four, the Baptists and Episcopalians two each, and the Unitarians, Presbyterians, Universalists, one each, and there are several mission chapels. The Associated Charities of Taunton is an organization sus- TAUNTON. 43

tained by the churches and charitable associations, and has accomphshed very excellent work in its chosen field.

One of the finest institutions of the kind in the country is the Taunton Hospital for the Insane, situated on a slight elevation across the Mill River from Hopewell Village. It was the second establishment of the kind in Massachu- setts, and was finished and ready for use in the early part of the year 1S54. Since then various additions have been made to the buildings, until now they constitute a large and imposing pile, and are so located among pleasant lawns and woods that the best results for their unfortunate inmates are obtained. The city is named after Taunton in Somerset, England, from which place a number of the first settlers came. Rev. Charles H. Brigham, in a lecture before " the Old Colony Historical Society, in 1S55, said : The word Taunton is genuine GjeHc, and means ' town on the banks of the river.' " It is a curious fact that a number of the names of towns and villages in the neighborhood of Taunton, are similar to the names of places near the English Taunton, among which are Bridgewater, Norton, and Tiverton, showing unmistakably the nativity of the first settlers. Two lines of the Old Colony Railroad run through Taunton, namely, the main line betw^een Newport and Boston, and the Northern Division between New Bedford and Fitchburg, crossing each other at Weir Junction. The principal depot is the Central Station on Wales Street. Other stations are Dean Street, on the east side, Weir and Weir Junction Stations in the suburbs of that name, and Whittenton Station at the north.

Taunton River is famous for its herring fisheries and large quantities of shad and alewives are taken from the river in April and May. Weir Village gets its name from the weirs or seines formerly used here to snare the fish. The story goes that the Taunton fishermen or skippers when hailed by other vessels and asked as to where they were from, would answer, " Taunton, good Lord!" in a tone of voice and with a manner implying thankfulness that they were not outside barbarians from Rhode Island or other such outland- ish places.

Almost since the time of the first settlement of Taunton brickmaking has been a prominent local industry. Within the present century as the town begun to assume larger proportions, the business increased, and was carried on in many yards, the work being done by hand, and a production of 300,000 was considered a large amount. With the improvements in machinery occurring in the last half century, and more especially in the last twenty-five years, the methods of brickmaking have also been revolutionized by the use of machinery.

A large amount of shipping is owned in Taunton, probably aggregating nearly 50,000 tons, a large proportion being schooners of over r,ooo tons burden. These vessels are mostly employed in general coasting business, only making occasional trips up the river. They cannot come up to the city, but discharge at Somerset or Dighton. The manufactured products, such as nails, stoves, tacks, bricks, etc., are largely carried by water away from the city to the market, in New York and Boston. 44 TAUNTON.

The 250th anniversary of the founding of Taunton, was celebrated on the 4th and 5th of June, 1S89. On the 4th an elaborate programme of musical and literary exercises was gone through in Music Hall, the principal features of which were an historical address by the Hon. Edmund H. Bennett, and a poem by Henry W. Colby. A banquet was then indulged in at the Agricultural Ground, and in the evening there was a grand ball at Armory Hall. On the 5th the chief feature of the celebration was a military, civic, and trades procession. Many distinguished men from other towns and cities in Massachusetts, and also from other states were present and participated in the ceremonies. Walks About Town.— If the visitor wishes to obtain a clear idea of

Taunton, the location of its industries and of its residences, the best starting point is the Central Railroad Station on Wales Street. Across the tracks from the station are the works of the Mason Machine Company, consisting of manv brick buildings, extending for more than 500 feet along the tracks, and the entire premises cover between nine and ten acres of land. The company manufacture locomotives, cotton machinery and machinists' tools. South of the station and across Wales Street from it, are the Taunton Locomotive Works, also located along the railroad tracks, and covering a large area. Up Wales

Street, on the corner of the second street fi-om the railroad, is the Eagle Cotton Mill, a small brick factory. A short distance further are the works of the Leonard Cooperative Foundry Company. From the railroad track on the north side of the Mason Locomotive Works runs Oak Street, and the third street to the right running out of it is Agricultural Avenue, at the end of which are the fair grounds, where the annual fairs of the Bristol County Agricultural Society are held. Leaving the station let us proceed across the open space to the east, and enter High Stieet. On the right are the buildings of the Taunton Locomotive Works. A few steps bring us to the Four Corners formed by the junction of Cohannet and High streets. The large square brick building to the right is the

Cohannet Street Grammar School. Beyond it is the St. Thomas' Episcopal church, a fine stone structure fronting on High Street. Across the street from the Grammar School, and adjoining the premises of the Locomotive Works, is the Central Methodist Church, a plain wooden edifice. From this position the rear of the large brick structure of the Winthrop Street Baptist Church looms up. Turning up Cohannet Street, we pass on the left the Winslow Church,

Congregational, also known as the Third Trinitarian, and a little further Music Hall. Now we are on the bridge over the Mill River, looking north from which on the east bank are seen the tack and nail works of Anthony & Cushman. We soon emerge on City Square, the business centre of the city, a square plat of land, the centre consisting of the " Green," so-called, inclosed with an iron rail- ing, and bordered with trees. Streets run along the four sides of the Green, on which, and on the portions nearest the square of those leading out of it, are banks, offices, and the majority of the retail stores in the city. All the principal streets in the city run from the square. Court Street runs out of the square at the northwest corner. On the right, as we leave the square, are the County Court House and the Cpunty Building, TAUNTON. 45

A Taunton Industry — The Herring Fisheries. both substantial brick edifices, and on the othei" side are the police station and the First District Court. On the left, back from the street on the river bank, are a number of manufacturing establishments. A short walk brings us into Washington Street, turning into which on the left we come to another bridge over the Mill River. North of the bridge are the Park Mills. Just beyond them can be seen on the west bank the County Jail and the Canoe Mill, fronting on Chandler Avenue. The Mill River was originally known as the Canoe River. About a quarter of a mile above Canoe Mill, but on the east side of the river, are the Cohannet and Elizabeth Poole mills, engaged in the manufacture of cotton yarns, hosiery, etc. In this section the dwellings are chiefly factory tenements. On the north side of Washington Street, a short distance eastward from the bridge, is the new High School, erected in 1884. It is a large brick building with a fine observatory tower, and many modern conveniences.

Returning to City Square and leaving it by Main Street, which runs out of it on the east, we pass on the right Oak Hall, a long three story brick edifice^ the largest building in the business section. On either side of the street are a number of fine brick buildings, and in this section are many retail stores. A walk of a little more than a hundred yards brings us out at the junction of Sum- mer and Main streets, forming a large triangular open space. Facing this space, on Summer Street, is the City Hall, a tasteful brick building, and east of the junction is the Unitarian Church, a stone edifice erected in 1S30. It stands In an extensive yard bordered on the street side by a low stone wall, on the inside of which are lines of fine elm trees, and close to the church are a number of 46 TAUNTON.

* evergreens. The entire yard is a triangular piece of ground bounded by Sum-

mer, Main, and Spring streets, and the eastern portion is a small park known as the Church Green. The society worshiping in this edifice dates its existence back to 1637, '^^^ '^ consequently much the oldest in the city. Across Spring Street from the Church Green is the Bristol Academy, a private institution of learning. In this neighborhood are the finest residences in the city. Looking from the junction of Summer and Main streets down both these avenues, we gaze through over-arching vistas of trees, which with the arbors formed by those surrounding the church, forms a number of beautiful pictures. Dean

Street, which is a continuation of Main, leads to the station of that name on the Old Colony Railroad. Whittenton and Hopewell villages are reached by the horse-cars running out of the square through Broadway. On the corner of this street the most conspicuous building on the square is the City Hotel, from the front* of which, on Broadway, our car starts. On the right we first pass the double building containing the Bristol County Savings Bank, and the Free Public Library. The stone church just beyond on the same §ide is the Trinitarian Congrega- tional. Two streets fuilher on the left, but fronting on Washington Street, is the New Presbyterian Church, and at the upper corner on the right is the St. Mary's Catholic Church, the finest edifice belonging to that denomination in the

city. This portion of Broadway is a wide avenue lined with trees and bordered by pleasant residences. After passing St. Mary's Church we enter the sparsely settled district, and to the left we see the Cohannet and Elizabeth Poole mills, while the buildings of the Taunton Lunatic Asylum, half a mile away across the river, are the most conspicuous objects in sight. About half a mile beyond St. Mary's Church, we pass through the village of Hopewell containing the dwellings of the opei^atives, a few stores, and the two stone mills on the river bank. A short distance from Hopewell we come to the Four Cor- ners, houses lining the sti'eet all the way, and the Corners wears the appearance of a busy place. The horse-car turns into Britannia Street on the right and makes a long detour, the line forming a loop, passing through, first, the village of Britanniaville, and then at the bottom of the loop Wlwttenton, returning through a thickly settled region to the Four Corners. Whittenton and Britannia villages are both collections of factory houses, but the Four Corners

and its neighborhood contains some very tasteful residences and a number of stores. The Britannia Works are very extensive and are the largest of their

kind in the country. The Whittenton Mills is the largest cotton manufacturing concern in the city. The horse- cars run from Whittenton through Broadway across City Square and through Weir Street to Weir Village. Weir Street leaves Cit}' Square from the South and runs in a direct line to Weir Village. On the right as our car passes down the street, w^e obtain glimpses between the houses of the buildings of the Taunton Tack Factory on the river bank, but in the rear of the street.

Soon the river is crossed and then High Street is reached, on corner of which,

on the left, is the Universalist Church, Oft' to the left along the river bank is a large group of buildings, the tack and nail factory of the Albert Field Tack TAUNTON,

The Taunton PIospital for the Insane.

Company. Just beyond, on the right corner of Somerset Avenue, is the Grace Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. Haifa mile furtherthe street crosses the railroad at grade, and just before the crossing is reached, on the right, is the First

Methodist Episcopal Church, and on the left is Weir Junction, where the Northern line and the line between Boston and Newport, of the Old Colony

Railroad, cross each other. Below the crossing Weir Street turns to. the right into West Water Street, and we have arrived at Weir Village. West Water Street runs along the east bank of the river for about half a mile, and for the greater part of this distance the river bank is built into a wharf. On the land side of the street, at the horse-car terminus, are a number of retail stores, but further on are a succession of manufacturing establishments, namely, the Phoenix Manufacturing Company, Cobb Stove & Machine Company, Taunton Crucible Company, Taunton Copper Company, Union Stove Lining Works, Taunton Iron Works, in the order named, and back some distance from the river are the Presbrey Stove Lining Company and the Taunton Stove

Lining Company. The river in front of all these concerns is the width of about three ordinary schooners, and is deep enough for a vessel of several hundred tons burden.

One of the principal establishments in Weir Village is the Williams Brick Company. The business was started April, 1S70, by Mr. A. H. Williams, and in 1873 his son became a partner. The Pug-mill mixing machines are used, and the moulds are sanded by a machine, which effects a great saving in labor. No other concern in Taunton employs this impi-ovement. A new engine of forty horse power, put in 18S7, furnishes power. The works and yards cover twelve acres, the brick sheds are 200 x ^o feet, the engine house 14 x 20, and 48 TAUNTON. there is a fine office and commodious barn on the premises. From forty to fifty men are employed during the season. The bricks here made are exceedingly well adapted for all kinds of building and paving, and are in demand for large buildings and factories.

There are but few of the many elegant private residences that are now being so profusely erected in this section of the country but have attached to them most of what are designated as modern improvements in the way of heating, lighting and draining the dwelling-

house and its premises. x'Vmong the most popular

and valuable of these improved inventions is the Elec- tric Gas-Lighting Apparatus as applied to dwelling- houses by the Taunton Electrical Supply Company, A. N. Dyer superintendent, located at No. 44 Main Street, Taunton, where the business has been established for four years. This company contracts for fitting private residences, hotels and business houses with the latest and most approved elech-ical apparatus, at short notice, without tlis- turbing the occupants or injuring the premises. Burglar alarms, annunciators, speaking tubes, bell work, and all other electrical appliances for domestic uses put up and repaired, job and experimental work done promptly, with first- class workmanship, at reasonable prices. Architects, builders, decorators, and others, will find their full ai^d fine display of electrical appliances worthy of a critical examination.

One of the most necessary of all mill supplies are shuttles. In Taunton this manufacture is conducted by S. A. Dudley, on Cushman Street, Weir Junc- tion, where he makes all styles of shuttles for cotton, woolen and silk mills, his

speciality being a patent inside catch shuttle spindle, for carrying bobbin filling, which is rapidly taking the place of cops in all the latest improved machinery, and is acknowledged to be the best shuttle spindle now on the market. Another improvement recently made and for which an application for a patent is now pending is a stub spindle with a double outside catch, the design of which is shown in the two illustrations. Mr. Dudley started to work with his father in the town of Sutton, Mass., nineteen years ago and in 18S4 started in business with a partner, whom he bought out April, 18S8. He superintends the business personally, his experience enables him to fill all orders satisfactorily, and to see that all work is executed to the best advantage. The shop has all the modern appliances, its dimensions being 75x35 feet, and eight men are employed. An increase in the business is constantly going on. TAUNTON. 49

Works of the North Dighton Cooperative Stove Company.

Near the North Dighton Station of the Old Colony Railroad, in South Taunton, Mass., are the works of the North Digliton Cooperative Stove Company. The company was organized June, 1886, and work was commenced in the foundry in July of the same year. In the beginning only fifteen hands were employed, but the demand for the stoves and ranges turned out has increased so steadily that a continued and constant enlargement of the business has been necessary, so that at present about forty hands are employed. The first year about one thousand stoves and ranges were manufactured, but the last year — the third of the business — between three and four thousand were made, and they were sent not only all over New England, but beyond to many of the great business centres, New York, Buffalo, Chicago, and San Francisco,— from these places supplying the retail trade in many sections of the West. They are superior in style and workmanship, and consequently the introduction of a few in a new locality soon creates a demand for more. The names by which their different styles are known are. White Oak, Oak Leaf, and Live Oak ranges, and the Prize Oak Parlor Stove. The celebi^ated Almoner Ranges, also, are manufactured by this same enterprising company. It is for the interest of the company, in a business where there is so much competition, to have all the work well finished and fitted, and as ma?ty of the workmen are stockholders, they manage to turn out quite a superior grade of goods. The officers of the corporation are a board of seven directors, one of whom is president ; an agent, and a treasurer. The treasurer is ^Ir. Charles H. Evans, and the agent Mr. William B. Hathaway. 5<^ TAUNTON.

Works of the Presbrey Stove Lining Company, Taunton, Mass.

The oldest concei-n in the city of Taunton engaged in the manufacture of stove lining and fire bricks, is the Presbrey Stove Lining Company, 212 Som- erset Avenue. The enterprise was first started in 1826, and is consequently one of the oldest establishments in the country in that line. The company was

incoi-porated under its present name in 1S66. Three acres and a quarter of ground are covered by its works, which compi-ise eleven buildings, each devoted to some particular branch of the manufacture. The machinery is very efficient, and the appliances are of the very best that can be made available. The officers are Mr. Henry T. Root, president, and Mr. B. C. Pierce, treasurer.

The largest brick making establishment in Taunton is that of the Taunton Brick Company. Their main yard is located on the eastern outskirts of the

city, on Winter Street, a short distance north of the Dean Street Station ; and they have a smaller yard on the east side of the liver, near Neck of Land. The business was established in 1S6S, and has since been conducted successfully, the demand increasing from year to year. At the main yard there are four machines, two of which are run at a time, and have a daily capacity of 75,000 bricks. At the other yard are two machines, one of which is run at a time, with a daily product of 15,000. At both yards about one hundred and thirty men are employed. The corporation has a capital stock of $30,000, and the works are under the direct management of Mr, Chailes F. Johnson, who is also treasurer. He has had a large practical experience in the business. The other officers are, Edmund H. Bennett, president; Edmund H. Bennett, John E. Sanford, Alex H. Williams, Saul W. Eddy, and Henry H. Robinson, directors. TAUNTON. 51

Works of Reed & Barton, Taunton, Mass.

The largest electro-plating works in the United States are those of Reed & Barton at Taunton, about a mile from Cit}- Square. The group of large brick buildings cover four acres along both banks of the Mill River. The silver plated goods here manufactured are considered the best in the market, and this is undoubtedly owing to the fact that this special business was first made a success, and the methods of manufacture were originally developed in these works. The specialties at present are the manufacture of the finest electro-plated white metal hollow ware, nickel silver spoons, forks, ladles, and all kinds of nickel silverware. The entire works are supplied with the best machinery and devices so far designed for the manufacture of these goods, and the ample rooms and splendid facilities in general give great opportunity for the production not only of the best work, but for its rapid execution. Eight hundred operatives ai'e constantly employed and the machinery is operated both by steam and water-power. Artists of talent and long experience are employed to design the new patterns con.stantly being put forth. The firm are thereby enabled to produce articles of a high degree of artistic excellence. These works were first established in 1S24, on a small scale, and as new methods have been di'-covered and put in practice, the business has developed from the very insignificant beginning to its present splendid proportions. The goods are not only in demand in the United States but large orders are being constantly received from foreign countries. The elegant silver plated articles cannot be distinguished from real silver, and in beauty, finish, durability and excellence of design compare favorably with genuine silver plate. In competition with domestic and foreign manufacturers at expositions and industrial exhibitions the electro-plated goods of the firm have come out triumphant from every trial, and a long list of medals were awarded them on these occasions. The salesrooms are situated at the factories at Taunton, and at 37 Union Square, New York. At these emporiums, are all descriptions of useful and ornamental articles in almost endless variety, and they are likewise for sale by all the principal dealers in silver and plated ware in America, Europe, South America, the West Indies, and Australia. The members of the firm are Messrs. H. G. Reed, George Brabrook, F. L. Fish and George H. Fish, all of whom have had great practical experience in the business. The Strangers' Guide-Taunton.

INTEREST. St. Thomas'. Episcopal, High. POINTS OF St, John's, Episcopal, Bay. cor. Kine. Winthrop Street Baptist, 37 Wiuthrop. Almshouse, Norton avenue. Freewill Baptist, North Taunton. Block. 9 Armory Hall, Leonard Summer. First Methodist Episcopal. Weir, near First. Agricultural Fair Grounds, about a mile west of Wales Episcopal, Cohannet, near High. avenue. Central Methodist Street Railroad Station, end Ag-ricultural Methodist Episcopal, Weir, corner Somerset ave- street. Grace Bristol .\cademy. Sprint? nue. ^ Bristol County Natiouul Bank. 43 City Siiuare. Presbyterian. Washington, near Broadway. 35 Broadway. Bristol County Savings Bank, First Uuiversalist, High, corner Spring. City Hall, 13 to 19 Summer. ^ , ^ ^ St. Mary's Roman Catholic, Broadway, corner Wash- a mile east of Wales street City Square, about half inifton. Railroad Station. Heart (R. First, near Somer- near Square. Church of the Sacred C), County Building, Court street, avenue. Weir Village. and Court street. set Court House, corner City Square of the Holy Eam'ly (R. C), East T.aunton. a mile east of Wales Church Dean Street Railway Station, Church of the Immaculate Conception (R. C), Bay, Street Station. avenue. Square. corner Alger District Court, Court street, near Worcester Street Methodist Episcopal Chapel. Gas W'orks, Franklin street. Zion's Mission, Methodist Episcopal, rear 49 West High School. Washington Water. Contains library and ^ , Historical Hall, Cedar street. Uniou Chapel, .\rlington, corner School. historical collections of Old Colony Historical Society. Congregational, Oakland Village. Chandler avenue. Oakland CliaT>el. Jail, Hodge.s avenue, corner Unitarian (First Congregational Society), Summer, Music Hail, 41 Cohannet. Spring. of City Square. between Main and The Green, the enclosed space centre Winthrop street, Westville. corner Adams. • Westville Contfree-ational, Old Ladies' Home, 96 Broadway, Congregational, East Taunton. Police Office. 16 Court Salvation Army, Wilbur Hall, Trescott, near Fruit. Post Office, a7 and 29 Broadway. Public Library, over Bristol County Savings Bank. State Lunatic Asylum, Morton street. INSTITUTIONS, BANKS, ETC. The Neck o' Laud, the i)enin8ula formed by union of Mills and Taunton rivers, near end Summer streets. Associated Charities, basement Historical Building. Old Colony Historical Society, Historical Hall, Cedar. Bristol County Agricultural Society, grounds at end of FIRE STATIONS AND APPARATUS. Agricultural avenue. Board of Trade, 10 Weir. School—Niagara, Steamer No.l; Ed- Leonard, corner Taunton Trust Co., 24 Court. ; and Ladder No. 1. ward Mott. Steamer No. 2 Hook Indigent Women, 96 Broadway, Albro, Steamer Home for Aged and Bay, rear East Brittania street—Charles corner Adams. No. 4; Hose No. 4. Mechanics Co-operative Bank, Bay, corner West Bri- Hose No. 5. Olney Street— tannia. Colony Steamer No. 6. East Taunton—Old Morton H6spital. 88 Washington. Whittenton—Lovering Hose Co., No. 2. (Private.) Taunton Co-operative Bank, Court Building, Court. Weir Village—Hose No. 3. Old Colony Central Relief Association. Westville-Hose No. 6. Bristol County Mutual Aid Society. Hose No. 7. South Taunton— Machinist National Bank. 4 City square. Oakland—Hancock Engine Company. Taunton National Bank, 9 City square. Taunton Savinirs Bank, 9 City square. INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. Women's Christian Temperance Union, 3 Summer. Albert Field Tack Company. Spring. Anthony & Cushman Tack Company. 24 Court. HOT^ELS. Campbe'U Printing Press and Manufacturing Co., Oak near Railroad. City, City square, corner Broadway. Canoe River Mills, Chandler avenue, on river bank. Hotel Bristol, 42 Cohannet. Cobb Stove and Machine Co., 7 Hurd. Cohannet Mills, Adams, corner Clay. Dighton Furnace Co. VILLAGES AND DISTRICTS IN Eagle Mill, Wales street, corner Reed Elizabeth Poole Mill. Adams. TAUNTON. Hooewell Mills, Albro avenue, Hopewell Village. Huoer Printing Press Co., High. Britauniaville, a mile and a half north of the Green, be- Leonard Co-operative Foundry Co., Wales. tween Hopewell and Whittenton. Mason Machine, from Wales to Oak streets, ocross rail- Crane's Depot, on Northern Division, O. C. Railroad, road tracks from depot. near Norton Line. Railroad, about New Process Twist Drill Co., 34 Court. East Taunton, on Middleboro Branch North Dighton Co-operative Stove Co., North Dighton. four miles from City square. Oakland Mills, Tremout, near Worcester, at Oakland Hopewell Village, a mile north of the Green. Village. Oakland Village, on Tremont street. Old Colony Iron Co., East Taunton. Weir Village, a mile south of the Square, on bank of Park Mills, Washington, opposite Court. river. Phenix Manufacturing Co., West Water, near Third. Westville, on WMnthrop street, west from depot. Presbrey Stove Lining Co., 212 Somerset avenue. Whittenton Village, two miles north of the Green. Reed and Barton Corporation, Britannia ville. Taunton Brick Co., Winter street. CEMETERIES. Taunton Copper Co., West Water. Taunton Crucible Co.. West Water. Catholic, East Britannia, near Broadway. Taunton Electric Lighting Co., 12 Mechanics lane. May Flower. Hill, Broadway, Washington, Thrasher, Taunton Gas Light Co., 21 Franklin street. and East Britannia street. Taunton Iron Works, Weir Village. Mount Pleasant, Cohannet, Barnum and Crocker Taunton Locomotive Works, Wales street, opposite streets. depot. Oakland, at Oakland Village. Taunton Nickel Plating Co., West Water, near Fifth. Plain. Broadway near Dartmouth. Taunton Oil Cloth Co., Wales, corner Oak. Pine Hill, Stevens, corner Pine Hill steeet. Taunton Stove Lining Co., Somerset avenue, corner Highland avenue. Taunton Tack Co., Weir street. COURTS. Union Stove Lining Co., West Water, corner Fifth. Judicial Court, term meets at Taunton Weir Brick Co., Hart, near Weir.Iunction. Supreme Jury Bristol, Nantucket and Dukes, the Weir Stove Co., West Water, near Fourth. for the counties of in April ; for the law term, same counties, Whittenton Manufacturing Co., Whittenton Village. third Tuesday on the fourth Tuesdays of October. Brick Co., Williams Court, ott' Somerset ave- Williams meets for Civil business, nue. Superior Court in Taunton Bristol Coucty, first Jlondays of March and Septem- H. A. Williams Manufacturing Co., Cushman street, ber; for Criminal business, hrst Mondays in February near W'eir Junction. and November. Probate Court meet in Taunton first Fridays of CHURCHES. March, June, September, and December. Trinitarian Congregational, Broadway. First District Court of Bristol, held daily in District W'inslow (Congregational), Cohannet. cor. Franklin. Court House, Taunton, at 9 a. m., for Criminal business, Union Congregational, West Britannia, cor. Rockland. and on each Monday, at 10 a. m., for Civil business. t

JONAT^HAN HANDY, Successor to Watkins & Handy, Dealer in BAR IRON and STEEL. WCO iJ

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CO P5O W No. 13 Centre St., cor North Front St., New Bedford. Telephone Connection.

IS^O. V'^srV'^sr ISSO. HATCH & CO;S Express. -OLD NEW BEDFORD LINE.-

ESTABLISHED 1840 .

Now Running in Connection with the New York & Boston Despatch Express Company. AGENTS FOR OLD COLONY RAILROAD, TO ALL POINTS NORTH, EAST, SOUTH AND WEST. THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY that forwards express matter on PASSENGER TRAINS.

Only one rate of charg'e is marie between New Bedford and points on Main Line, Cape Cod and Northern Division of Old Colony Kailroad. The public are reminded that between New Bedford and Boston, in addition to the Passenger Train Service, this Company operates a FREIGHT EXPRESS.

It is the desire of tlie Management to offer their Patrons every Facility and Accommodation.

OiniB^ICIES. Boston: New York; New Bedford 105, 107, 109 Arch Street, 304 Canal Street. 5 Ricketson Block. 63 and 940 Broadway. NANTUCKET. COTTAGE CITY. VINEYARD HAVEN. EDGARTOWN. I. H. SHaRTLEFF.

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Mtip MtHfotii,

ITS SITUATION CLARK'S POINT ACUSHNET HEIGHTS — FAIRHAVEN ACUSHNET AND ACUSnNET RIVER — THE HARBOR — FACILITIES FOR ROWING AND SAILING — FORT PHENIX THE BEAUTY AND ADVANTAGES OF THE CITY — EARLY HISTORY WHALE FISHERY: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND DECAY NAME AND INCORPORATION — COTTON MANUFACTURES OTHER INDUSTRIES A GENERAL Vlfew OF THE BUSINESS OF THE CITY SCHOOLS, LIBRARIES, ETC. CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS

RESIDENCES PUBLIC BUILDINGS SECTIONS OF THE CITY : THE CENTRE ; WAM-

SUTTAVILLE ; THE WATER FRONT WHARVES WHALE SHIPS ARRIVAL OF A WHALER THE PORTUGUESE QUARTER THE SOUTH END THE NEGRO qUARTER — CHURCHES — HOW TO GET THERE HOTELS.

New Bedford may be called the city of the southern shore, for it is, in fact, the central point of the line vv^here Massachusetts meets the sea on the south. It is situated on the western side of Acushnet River, one of the principal northern inlets of Buzzard's Bay. The city occupies a gentle slope which runs north and south two and a quarter miles on the river line, extending a mile to a mile and a half back, and 56 NEW BEDFORD/ faces the rising sun. The streets run in two general directions, north and south, and east and west, crossing each other at right angles. Those lying north and south nearly all run the entire length of the city, while in the other direction they begin mostly at the water's edge and run directly up the hill. At the south, Clark's Point, a long tongue of land from half to three-quarters of a mile wide, a mile and a half in length, and rising in the centre to a considerable elevation, extends into the bay. On its west side is Clark's Cove, a large, cup-shaped inlet, the resort of many fishermen. At the extremity of the point is an United States fort on which is a lighthouse. It is a strong fortification, begun during the Rebellion but left unfinished, probably in expecta- tion that it never would be needed. A macadamized road, known as French Avenue, or the Point Road, three miles in length, runs around the entire peninsula, close to the water's edge, and a drive or walk along this seaside avenue affords fine and varied views of the bay and surrounding shores. To the north of the city are Acushnet heights, from which extensive views of the bay and the surrounding country can be obtained. On a clear morning in summer the prospect from these heights is really magnificent — to the southeast the long reaches of the bay beyond Fairhaven, with the intervening masses of land, and in the hazy distance, like clouds against the horizon, the opposite shoi'es of the bay and the Elizabeth Islands — a scene fit to inspire either a poet or a painter. Opposite, on the east side of the river, is Fairhaven, a town of 3,000 inhabitants, originally a part of New Bedford, but made a distinct municipality in

181 3. At one time it was largel}'^ engaged in the whale fishery, but is now in a very dormant condition. It is connected with the city by a bridge 4,000 feet long, which crosses Pope's and Fish islands. Three miles above the city is the village called " Head of the River," or " Acushnet," the latter being the Indian naine of what is now the township of New Bedford. This village antedates New Bedford by half a century.

In the Acushnet River are a number of islands : Palmer's, at the mouth of the harbor, with a lighthouse on its northern end ; Fish Island near the New

Bedford shore, and Pope's Island near Fairhaven ; Crow Island, a small, sandy

islet near the Fairhaven shore ; about a mile north of the bridge is Marsh Rock, which is an island at high water.

One of the finest harbors on the Atlantic coast is that at New Bedford, being commodious, deep, well sheltered, and easy of approach through the wide extent and deep waters of Buzzard's Bay. The harbor proper is an almost circular basin inclosed by the adjacent shores on the east and west. Palmer's Island on the south, and the bridge on the north, and is about a mile in diameter. The principal wharves of both New Bedford and Fairhaven front on it, although the city has many wharves and docks above the bridge. It is an excellent haven of refuge, and is often visited by coastwise schooners bound for other ports, by vessels of the fishing fleets, and during the summer is one of the chief and favorite rendezvous of the yacht squadrons. Above the bridge is an inner harbor, equal in extent to the lower one, and connected with it by a drawbridge between NEW BEDFORD. 57

Fish Island and New Bedford. This is an excellent place for rowing or sailing as the water is almost always smooth. For rowing races in summer it has unequaled advantages, as there is a straight course two miles in length, and when southerly winds prevail the water is scarcely ruffled. The inner and outer harbors afford splendid facilities for boating, while the bay beyond others unsurpassed opportunities for sailing and fishing. The advantages, too, are well utilized. On a pleasant summer evening row-boats may be seen darting in all directions, with gay parties of young people, and on moonlight nights the sound of music and the voice of song is wafted merrily over the waters from all points. When a suitable breeze is blowing the cat- boats and sloops of the yacht club fill the lower harbor with their white sails, and on gala days dash across the bay to various havens among the islands or along the shores of the upper bay. Good row-boats can be hired at a number of places along the river front for from ten to twenty cents an hour, and sail- boats from twenty cents an hour upwards or by the day. Boat races are of frequent occurrence, particularly between sail-boats, and a commendable spirit of rivalry is maintained in the matter of the speed and sea-worthy qualities of the sail-boats and yachts belonging in the harbor, through means of a prosperous yacht club, which has a good house and anchorage at the southern extremity of Pope's Island. When the yacht squadron, on its annual summer cruise, anchors here the scene presented in the evening is very unique. A half hundred vessels or more, nearly every one illuminated with Chinese lanterns, and from many of them fireworks being discharged, lie quietly at anchor while a

tug boat with a band on board is sailing in and out among them ; the water is literally covered with boats of every description, and a large proportion of the city's population crowds the wharves to enjoy the unique and beautiful sight. Fort Phenix, in Fairhaven, which can easily be reached by a sail across the hai"bor, by the horse-cars, by carriage, or on foot, is now much resorted to by parties on pleasant days and moonlight evenings in summer. The fort, which is now only a dismantled open fortification, is situated on a rocky headland at the mouth of the harbor, and from it a most excellent view is obtained of the city and harbor. The following graphic description of the city was given by the Hon. Wil- liam W. Crapo in his Centennial address in 1S76: " Beautiful indeed for situation is the city of New Bedford. Few places are there on this continent, or elsewhere, which so well unite the institutions, benefits, and advantages of the city with the freshness, simplicity and comfort of rural life. Lying betw^een green pastures on the one hand, and the still waters of the river on the other, fronting upon this bay, which is as charming as the Bay of Naples, and rising with conscious pride from its shores, its physical condition and position are delightful beyond exception. Its well-made

and well-kept avenues and streets shaded by long lines of trees ; its complete and cleanly drainage, which the incoming and outgoing tides make perfect and efficient ; its abundant and pure water, distributed and available for all purposes, and its possession of all the requisites and conveniences of modern city life, render it a pleasant and enjoyable place to live in, and make it a very desirable place for summer visiting." 38 NEW BEDFORD.

The ground where New Bedford now stands was originally occupied by the Acushnet Indians, a division of the great tribe of the Wampanoags. Bar- tholomew Gosnold, who first discovered the Elizabeth Islands, is thought to have touched here in 1602. The first settler in the vicinity is supposed to have been Ralph Russell who set up a forge at what is now Russell's Mills in Dart- mouth, a few miles west of New Bedford, about 1650. In 1652 the territory now included in New Bedford and the towns of Fair- haven, Acushnet, Dartmouth, and Westport was purchased from the Indian chief VVasamequin and Wamsutta, his son, the price paid being " thirty yards of cloth, eight moose skins, fifteen axes, fifteen hoes, fifteen pairs of breeches, eight blankets, two kettles, one cloak, £2 in w^ampan, eight pair stockings, eight pair of shoes, one iron pot, and ten shillings in another commoditie." The present site of the city was a forest in the year 1750, through which a rough cartway led to a try-house on the shore, which with five farm houses on the County Road, were the only buildings. The most of the land in the vicinity was owned by Joseph Russell, a great grandson of Ralph, and he was engaged to a limited extent in whaling, carrying on at the same time his farm and doing a freighting business. He had his residence at the present head of William Street, with Union Street for his cart path to the river. The site of his house

is now occupied by a stately residence. Far and wide over the world has the fame of New Bedford been heralded as the greatest of all whaling ports, for here this business reached its highest development, and the ships of her citizens visited every sea in pursuit of their gigantic game. The business had its real beginning in 1765, when Joseph Rotch, a Qiiaker, came over from Nantucket. With more capital, greater experience and better methods than had previously been employed, he gave an

impetus to the business that always remained with it. According to the custom of the times, he set up his "try-works" on the shore and fished for whales from the bank, as boys now do for pickerel, only with somewhat different tacklings. Whales were then very numerous and familiar, and often came up to the very M'harves, where they sniffed the odors from the " works" in which they were soon to be tried for their faith in " friend " Joseph, and for their fat. For a long time vessels were obliged to go only a short distance, and the blubber was cut up, packed on board, and brought home to be tried out. After- wards more extended voyages were made, and try-works were built on board ship. In 1765 four sloops were engaged in the business, and at the time of the Revolution from fifty to sixty, most of which were then destroyed. Afterwards

it revived, but was again prostrated by the War of 18 12. From that time, how-

ever, it continued to increase till 1853, when the products were 103,077 barrels sperm, and 260,114 of right whale oil, and 5,652,300 pounds of bone. In the year 1857 the whaling fleet numliered 324 vessels, worth more than $12,000,000, and requiring the services of 10,000 seamen. During the war of the Rebellion, tlie whaling interest suffered severely. The Alabama burned many whaling vessels in 1862, near the Azores, and other rebel cruisers added to the destruction at other times and places. The Shenandoah, in June, 1865, captured, in Behrings Straits, twenty-seven Ladd Watch Case Co., MANUFACTURERS OF THE-V— FINEST STANDARD GOLD STIFFENED AND SILVER

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FINE SILVER PLATED WARE IS COMPLETE. STYLE AND DURABILITY UNEXCELLED. VIEWS OF WHARVES AND WHALERS, NEW BEDFORD. 6z NEW BEDFORD. whaling vessels, burning twenty-four of them, and of these seventeen belonged in New Bedford. The loss to New Bedford was more than a million of dollars. A great disaster overtook the whaling fleet September, 1S71, "when in a single day thirty-three ships were abandoned in the Arctic Ocean hopelessly crushed or environed in the ice." Of these vessels, twenty-two belonged in New Bed- ford, the loss on which was $1,090, 000.

The business has steadily declined since about 1S57, ^^^^^ New Bedford has maintained her relative position as the chief whaling port not only in America, but in the world. Within the past few years a large percentage of the New Bedford vessels composing the North Pacific fleet have been transferred to San Francisco, and the whalers sailing from that port in iSSS numbered twenty-one vessels. The number of vessels now belonging in New Bedford was, Janu- ary I, 1888, seventy-four, of a tonnage of 18,911, and of these, seventeen were port, and some of them will probably not be again sent out. The cause of the decline of this business has been the increasing scarcity of the whales from year to year, necessitating voyages into more remote seas at a largely increased cost, while at the same time mineral oils have supplanted whale oils for many purposes, so that even with the continued decrease in the amount the price has steadily gone down. This has been much more marked in the case of sperm oil than in the oil obtained from the right whales, the former having declined fully one-half in value from the rates that prevailed previous to 1S60, while the latter with the exception of the past two or three years

has maintained about the same figure as it did before the war. On the other hand the price of whalebone has increased from thirty-nine and a half cents per pound in 1854, to $3.12 in 1887, and while last year the amount obtained was

Duly 585,011 pounds, the price received for it was nearly two millions of dollars, about one and a half times as much as was received for six times the quantity of bone in 1S54. The whaling business has, evidently, not touched bottom yet,

but that it has a considerable future is quite certain, and it may experience a

revival, although it will probably never reach its former dimensions. The profits of the whale fishery were so great that before the war of the Rebellion New Bedford was the wealthiest city in proportion to its population in the country, and this wealth has been utilized both before and since the decline

in the business in other industries, at first largely in enterprises outside the city, but in recent years in New Bedford itself, so that instead of declining the city is now one of the niost active and progressive manufacturing centres in the coun-

try, and its industries are sufficiently varied to insure continued and equable prosperity. When Joseph Rotch came from Nantucket in 1765, he soon made the acquaintance of Joseph Russell, and they two were instrumental in fixing upon the name Bedford for the village, to which the " New" was subsequently pi'e- fixed. New Bedford was set ofl'from Dartmouth, the present town next west

it, it the is of in 1787 ; received a city charter in 1S47. ^^^^ origin of name from the title of the Duke of Bedford, the English head of the Russell family. The most important business at present is the cotton manufacture, the city ranking fourth in the amount of capital invested, and in the capacity of its fac- NEW BEDFORD. 63 tories, being only surpassed by Fall River, Lowell, and Manchester, N. H. The first cotton factory was erected in 1847, and is still standing as the No. i mill of the Wamsutta corporation.

It is a stone building 2 1 2 x 70 feet, four stories in height, with 15,000 spindles and 300 looms. About 1854 another mill was built of the same general dimensions but thirty- three feet longer, and with 1,000 more spindles. In 1S60 a duplicate of the second mill was erected, these three mills all being of stone. A mammoth brick ST. JAMKS" CHURCH, NP:W BEDFORD. mill was built in 1868 with granite foundations, 495 feet long by seventy-five wide, five stories high, with 38,000 spindles and 1,100 looms. On a line with this fourth mill, No. 5 was built, in 1875, five stories in height, 433 in length, and ninety-three in width, containing 50,000 spindles and 1,000 looms. And finally in 1882 the last of the series so far, No. 6, was erected. It is 569 1-2 feet long, ninety-five feet wide, three stories in height, and contains 53,000 spindles and 1,072 looms. These large factories are situated in one cluster on the bank of the Acushnet River at the North End. Nos. 2 and 3 are in a line with each other with a clock tower connecting them, and Nos. 4 and 5 are also on a line with each other, being connected by a two-story picker-house, the width of No. 5, and connected with both mills. The combined length of the two buildings with their connecting link is over a thousand feet, and they present an imposing sight as seen from any train entering the city. The Wamsutta corporation employs in its six mills about 2,600 persons, operates 203.786 spindles, and 4,214 looms, and the capital stock is $3,000,000. One engine runs the two large mills, Nos. 4 and 5. It is a double Corliss engine similar to the celebrated machine by the same inventor that operated the machinery at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876, but the Wamsutta engine is larger and more powerful to the extent of 600 horse- power, its total power being 2,000. This engine has a stroke of ten feet ancl the weight of its fly wheel is fifty tons. The goods manufactured are the celebrated Wamsutta sheetings which have always had a first-class reputation, and were the sole product until a short time before the erection of the No. 5 mill when various varieties of checks and stripes in white goods were introduced and have been successfully manufactured. The primary and continued success. ot this corporation was mainly owing to the enterprise and ability ot Mr. 64 NEW BEDFORD.

Thomas Bennett, Jr., who was the superintendent and agent from the beginning until 1S74. He was then succeeded by Mr. Edward Kilburn who held the position until 1887. Mr. E. R. Milliken was then agent for a few months, and

in January Mr. William J. Kent, the present agent, came into office. For many years the Wamsutta Corporation was the only cotton manufacturing company in the city. In 1S71, however, another one was formed, and a

mill known as the Potomska was erected at the extreme south end. It is a four- story brick structure, 427x92 feet, with a large weaving shed 108x97 ^^^^ attached. In 1S77 ^ second mill was built, four stories in height, 348 x 92 feet, and the total capacity of both mills is 106,328 spindles and 2,424 looms, engaged in the manufacture of lawns, satteens, cretonnes, and print goods, and employing 1,200 operatives. The years 1881-3 witnessed a great increase in the cotton manufacture in New Bedford, the erection of new mills almost doubling the capacity, and putting the city in the front rank in this industry. Four mills were erected, three of them being very large, and the fourth one was a yarn mill. One of the large mills has already been mentioned, Wamsutta No. 6. In\i883, just south beyond the Potomska Mill the Acushnet Mill was erected, and in the spring of 1888 another one was added, making the combined capacity about 100,000 spindles and 2,000 looms, and employing over 1,000 persons. The Grinnell Mill, a mammoth structure, 666 feet long by 98 feet wide and three stories in

height, was built in 18S2, near the Wamsutta Mills, and it contains 1,560100ms and 70,000 spindles, and employs 700 persons. The New Bedford Manufact- uring Company erected a mill in the central portion of the city in 1883 near the water front, for the manufacture of cotton yarns, and they now operate 35 ,000 spindles. During the boom in business in 1882, a woolen mill was erected at the north end, half a mile beyond the Wamsutta mills — out in the woods, in fact. This is known as the Oneko Mill, employs 175 hands, and runs twelve sets of cards and sixty-three looms. Another yarn mill corporation was organized in 18S8, under the name of the Howland Manufacturing Company, and a mill was erected overlooking Clark's

Cove from the northwest. It is a brick structure, four stories in height, contains over thirty thousand spindles, and employs about one hundred and fifty operatives. The City Manufacturing Company erected a yarn mill on the water front, at the foot of Grinnell Street, in 188S, and began manufacturing in

December of that year. Its capacity is about the same as the Howland Mill. December, 1888, the Hathaway Manufacturing Company was organized for the manufacture of cotton cloth, and began the erection of a mill of 30,000 spindles just south of the Acushnet Mills. There is invested in New Bedford in these mills about $7,500,000, and more than 600,000 spindles and 10,000 looms are operated, furnishing employment to more than 6,000 operatives. Thus, while in the first part of the century the whale fishery was the Ham- let of the play in New Bedford, as it began to decline and to carry the place with it in its fall, the manufacture of cotton stepped in, and not only enabled the NEW BEDFORD. 65

community to retain its place, but to advance to a higher position in population and business than ever before, so that at the present time

" Cotton is King," although he is not an absolute monarch, as in Fall River. Next to the cotton factories the most prominent industry in the

city is the Morse Twist drill and Machine Company, v^diich control many patents on their own produc- tions and have consequently a very large field to themselves. They have extensive works in the south part of the city. The Cordage

Company dating from 1846, is a considerable establishment in the western portion of the city, and the Copper Works, between the

Wamsutta Mills and the water, is also a large concern, having begun operations in i860. The Mount Washington Glass Company, at

the south end, is one of the oldest concerns in the city. o JO Among recent enterprises of D magnitude are the Pairpoint Man- ufacturing Company, silverware, and the Applegate Boot and Shoe Lasting Company. There are besides, boiler works, brass foun- •dries, candle and soap works, several shoe factories, a number of carriage manufactories, two of them large establishments, several .small boat building yards, gas works, electric works, and other manufactories too numerous to anention in detail. To sum up the business of the city it may be said that according to the census of 18S5, $15,069,695 were invested in its manufactures in 420 establishments of all kinds. The assessed valuation of real estate in 1888 was $18,023,700 ; personal property, $^5'430'647' The city proper covers five square miles, with a population 66 NEW BEDFORD.' approximating 40,000, but its entire territory is about twenty-five square miles- in area; it has 120 miles of accepted streets in excellent condition, twenty-six

public school buildings, nine of them fine, brick structures ; thi'ee parochial

schools, and a number of good private schools ; and two daily papers, the Siandard and the Mercury^ both of which issue weekly editions. Another weekly, the Whaletnan^ s Shipping- List, devoted to the whale fishing interest, was established in 1S43, but was discontinued in the spring of 1889. There are five national banks with a capital of over $4,000,000, and a combined surplus of over $1,100,000; two savings banks with deposits amounting to about $15,000,000, and a cooperative bank or loan association organized in 1881. Lining the harbor are twenty-seven granite and pile wharves, and at their heads are many large warehouses not much used at present, owing to the decline of the whale fishery. The capital invested in the whaling business is about $1,750,000. If the United States Government should dredge the bay and harbor to but a slight extent, the largest vessels could come up to the wharves. The number of assessed polls in the city is 9,434. A live organization in existence since 1SS4 is the Board of Trade, now numbering about three hundred- members, and it is taking a lively interest in business, and has contributed somewhat already to the building of the city. The New Bedford and Fair- haven Street Railway was put in operation in 1883. In 1SS4 the Acushnet Street Company was organized, and built tracks all through the city to compete with the older company. Early in 18S7 the two companies were consolidated under the name of the Union Railroad Company. They had respectively, the New Bedford and Fairhaven Railroad Company, 9.78 miles of track, and the Acushnet, 8. 03 miles, but the consolidated company has not had occasion to use all this length of line, and a small part of it has been pulled up or is allowed to remain idle, so that probably the entire length in use is about fifteen miles. But not only in business affairs has New Bedford excelled. The early acquired and large wealth obtained through the whale fishery enabled its citizens to establish comfortable homes, and their world-wide commerce tended to liberalize their minds and to create a desire for culture that resulted in the founding of schools, lyceums, and libraries. The New Bedford Lyceum, established in 1S28, was one of the earliest organizations to engage scholarly and eminent men for public lectures on literary and scientific subjects, and continued to do so until the decadence of this form of public instruction and amusement. The first free public library in the United States was established in New Bedford in 1S52, the present building was finished in 1857, ^"^ ^ large addition was completed and opened September 6, 1886. Here may be found a perfect copy oi Awduhon's Sirds of Af?terica, with an unusual number of other rare and costly works. The library contains about fifty thousand volumes. One hundred thousand dollars per year are expended on the public schools, which are excellently conducted. Their work is supplemented by the High

School, on Middle and Summer streets, a fine brick structure costing $126,000 ; the Friends Academy on Morgan Street, and the Swain Free School. Organizations for benevolent and charitable purposes are numerous in New NEW BEDFORD. 67

The High School, New Bedford.

Bedford. One of the earliest and best known of these is the New Bedford Port Society, with a ladies' branch for the improvement of seamen, which maintains a Bethel and a Seamen's Home on Second Street. The Ladies' City Mission Society has a Mission Chapel on South Water Street. The Union for Good Works was established in 1870 for the promotion of religious, educational and charitable purposes, and has commodious quarters on Purchase Street, comprising a reading room with a good library, arid an amusement room with suitable appliances for many kinds of games. Both rooms are open to the public, and are largely patronized by young people. The association is also engaged in eftective charitable work. The Orphan's Home, corner of Cove Street and French Avenue, at the southern extremity of the city, was established in 1S43, and is supported by contributions and the income of invested funds. The Asso- 68 NEW BEDFORD. ' • ciation for the Relief of Aged Women has a large fund. There is a Young Men's Christian Association, three posts of the Grand Army of the Republic, with lodges of Mason, Odd Fellows' and numerous other fraternal and bene- ficial orders. The city is also provided with two excellent hospitals, St. Luke's on Fourth Street and St. Joseph's on Pleasant Street, both admirably conducted. Fine private residences abound in the city. On County Street, especially in the central and southern portion, are many large and elegant mansions seated in pleasant grounds, the majority of them back from the street. These are the homes of the leading families who made their mone}- in the whale fisher}^ But all through the city the character of the residences is equal if not superior to any citv of its size in the country, and the situation on a hillside gives an excellent drainage, which taken in connection with good service in municipal matters has gi\ en the city always a very neat and clean appearance. On all the streets, with the exception of the business portion of the main thoroughfai-es, are lines of shade trees, which together with the general fine appearance of the dwellings and the cleanliness of the streets make the city as a whole, one of the most beautiful in New England. The public buildings of New Bedford are numerous and some of them are beautiful and stately structures. Among the finest of these the Public Library and the High School have already been mentioned. Opposite the library is the City Hall on William and North Sixth streets, a granite building, costing $60,000.

The Custom House is at the foot of William Street, and the Court House, House of Correction, and Jail, on Court Street. The fact that New Bedford is one of the three shire towns of Bristol County accounts for the last three. The business centre of New Bedford is the section compi'ised in the portions of William and Union streets extending from Pleasant to North Water, and including the cross streets between, as well as Purchase Street in this space and for a short distance further north. Here are nearly all the large business blocks. The City Hall and Library buildings are at the west end of the section, the Custom House a little below the centre, and all the retail clothing, dry goods, and other stores, banks, newspapers, etc., are in these limits. At the north end of the city, a full mile from the centre, are the large mills of the Wamsutta corporation with their tenement houses, and the business community that is made necessary by the army of work people employed in these and adjoining works. The tenement houses belonging both to the Wamsutta and Grinnell corporations consist of rows of detached blocks, each containing on an average about four families, and they form considerable villages to the west and north of the factories. On that portion of Purchase Street opposite the mills the retail business of this section is concentrated. For half a mile it has the appearance of a considerable town and a number of handsome buildings have been erected within the past few years. Beside the factory houses there are many private dwellings belonging to work people and others, the whole forming a busy community. There are three churches, a French Catholic, the St. James Episcopal and the North Baptist, all situated on the hill. The storage reservoir of the water works and the pumping station are close to the railroad track at the north of this locality, while half a mile west on Aciishnet NEW BEDFORD. 69

Heights is the distributing reservoir and a tall stand-pipe. The city merges into this factory district, the space between here and the busy central part being filled with residences, and on the main street, Purchase, are a few stores. The railroad depot is on the water front, about a quarter of a mile south of the Wamsutta mills. From the platform the whole expanse of the inner harbor lies in view, with the bridge, Pope's Island, and Fairhaven, its spires and shipping to the southeast, the red-roofed house of the Yacht Club on the southern extremity of Pope's Island being quite conspicuous ; to the north the huge bulk of the Wamsutta mills looms up. The depot is a roomy and picturesque stone structure, finished early in the summer of 1882. On the landward side is a small park. A few steps from the new depot, up Pearl Street, is the old depot, which is a low wooden shed graced, or disfigured, by a Corinthian front with two pillars. This structui-e was much ridiculed for many years, as it was so glaringly out of keeping with the business and taste of the city, and if it could have been transported, it would have been accepted at the

Centennial Exhibition as a relict of the last century. At present it is used as a freight station.

Just west of the railroad station is the Common, the only park in the city, extending up the hillside from Purchase to County Street, and on its lower portion dotted over with trees. A fine granite monument to the soldiers and sailors, about three hundred in number, who fell during the war, stands near the centre, surrounded by a fence of bronze. It cost $13,000, was dedicated " July 4, 1866, and bears this inscription : Erected by the city of New Bedford, as a tribute of gratitude to her sons who fell defending their country in its strug- gle with slavery and treason."

Seven miles north of the city an excellent water supply is obtained from a storage reservoir, 300 acres in extent, and which drains a water shed of 33,000 acres. The water was first introduced into the city December, 1869. The Acushnet brook is the primary source of supply for the reservoir, but in 1886 connection was made with the Middleboro Ponds, thus ensuring an abundance for the growing needs of the city. The water flows from the storage reservoir through an oval-shaped conduit with interior diameters of thi-ee and four feet, and of a total length of nearly six miles, into a receiving reservoir situated alongside the railroad track in the north part of the city. From there it is pumped into a distributing reservoir on Acushnet Height, a half mile westward, where the surface of the water is 154 feet above the tide, from thence flowing over tlie city by the force of gravity. The wharves are not such busy places as they were in the heyday of the whale fishery, but the growing manufacturing interests have brought an annually increasing life to them. The gas works, the Mount Washington Glass Works, a flour mill, several extensive lumber yards, oil works, and coal depots, one of which is a mammoth concern, are all situated on the water front, some of them directly on the wharves. The best places are, however, yet reserved for the whale ships. A number of thein are always in port, and they generally present a dismantled appearance, unless they have just arrived or are ready to sail. Some remain for years in this 7o . NEW BEDFORD. condition, and tlicre are usuall}' a number of old hulks which have outlived their usefulness or are out of commission, either through the caprice or misfortune of their owners that lie and rot at the docks, emblems of the departed glories of the business. The voyages of the whalers are generally of several years' duration, and befoie being sent out they are always overhauled very carefully and refitted throughout. The arrival of a whaler is always an interesting event. By a system of signals, displayed from Round Hill Lighthouse at the entrance to Buz- zard Bay, seven or eight miles south of the city, the approach of an incoming ship is ascertained as soon as it comes within view of the lighthouse, and a considerable period before it enters the bay. These signals are discerned either from the Custom House observatory, or from outlooks of the whaling agents on the high buildings, and the news soon passes along the street. Sail boats immediately go out to meet the vessel, crowded with boarding-house keepers, ship agents, reporters, and other interested parties. In his own boat, also, the boarding officer of the customs sets out, and the vessel is met out in the bay and boarded by the several boats. On the wharf a crowd has collected by this time, as from the lookouts it has been definitely learned who the vessel belongs to, and its landing place therefore ascertained. Soon the ship is brought into the dock, tied up, and immediately the work of unloading the oil and stripping the vessel of her sails and outfit begins. The oil is rolled out on the wharves,

Avhere it may remain for years packed away under layers of seaweed. Mean- while the sailors are the object of much solicitude to the various boarding-house keepers, especially if the voyage has been a good one. In the old days their revenues were large, as they not only boarded and lodged the seamen, but adv^anced money to them on their shares, and acted as shipping agents. The sharp practices of which this class were guilty gained for them the name of "sharkers" or " land sharks," conveying the idea, which was unfortunately true, that the poor sailor was shown as little mercy by many of them on land as he would be by the " tiger of the sea " if at his mercy in the water. The manner of conducting a whaling voyage is to give each participant a certain lay or share in the oil or bone obtained, in proportion to their rank or value of service. There have been instances where sailors after a long and good voyage have had nothing coming to them, the whole due them having been absorbed by their extra expense. Then in other cases what the sailor did bring home has been taken by the "sharkers" through his machinations. At the south part of the city on the streets near the water, New Bedford has a considerable population of Portuguese, so-called commonly, but in reality natives of the Azores or Western Islands, under the jurisdiction of Portugal, and whose inhabitants are of the Portuguese race. These people came to New Bedford on the whale ships, which on their outward voyages often call at the Azores to I'ecruit their crews. The natives of these islands in the city in 1SS5 numbered 1,445, and there are many of this descent of the second generation, as the incoming of these people dates back to the palmy days of the whale fishery. A large proportion of the males still follow the sea, although many are now engaged in other occupations. A large Portuguese Catholic Church was erected several years ago. Beyond the Portuguese quarter at the extreme south NEW BEDFORD. end are the PotomsUa and Acushnet mills, employing altogether more than two thousand hands, and the factory settlement here is similar, though smaller in size, to that at the other extremity of the city. The land here is low, and the factories and their tenements occupy the neck of the peninsula of Clark's Point. "During the days of slavery, New Bedford was a city of refuge for fugitive slaves, and the proportion of colored people in the population is still considerable. The Quaker influence here, THE UNITARIAN CHURCH, NEW BEDFORD. as in Philadelphia, has al>vays nurtured a strong anti-slavery feeling. Fred. Douglass, perhaps the most eminent man of the colored race in this country, came to New Bedford, a runaway slave, and there, w^hile engaged in dail}', manual labor for his support, received the rudiments of his education." The present colored population is a little over 1,500, of whom about 800 are mulattoes. They reside in the western part of the city, in the vicinity of Kempton Street. They now have four churches, two Baptist and two Methodist. A large proportion of the persons engaged in the factories are of foreign birth. By the census of 1885, the principal elements of the whole population of the city were: Irish, 2,795; English, 3,189; French Canadians, 2,175; Western Islanders, 1,445. Comparatively few of the last named are employed in the factories, but the other three are almost wdiolly so employed. In the central part of the city are a number of fine churches. The North

Congregational, commonly called the Stone Church, is a substantial granite edifice on Purchase Street, and it has a square tower in which is a large clock. On the same street, one block north, is the North Christian Church, a large, wooden building with pillars in front, tall and a spire ; it is known as the "White House," from its color. One of the newest and handsomest edifices in the city is the Grace Church, Episcopal, on County Street, which was dedicated in 1 88 1, and took the place of an edifice formerly standing on the site now occupied by the new Opera House on Union Street. On Union Street, near County is the Unitarian, originally the First Congregational, and an orthodox body until the schism which caused a secession, in the early years of the century, from the Congregational body. This was the first church society in New Bed- ford, and worshiped originally at Acushnet. The present edifice was erected in 1838. The preachers of this church have numbered several men eminent in NEW BEDFORD. 72 .

American literature. Orville Dewey occupied the pulpit for a number of years, from 1823. He was followed by Ralph Waldo Emerson, who, however, was not settled in the church. John Weiss was the resident preacher for a series of as a liberal years, from 1847. Since 1S59 Rev. W. J. Potter, well known writer, has been the preacher. The North Congregational is an off-shoot from this church, and the Trinitarian is the child of the North Church. The Metho- dists have four churches, three of them large edifices, and one, the County Street, a beautiful, brick structure. The Baptists have two churches. There are thirty-four places of public worship in the city. The first building for worship was the Friends' Meeting-house, built in 1785, on what is now the east side of Third, between school and Walnut streets. We may enter the city from the land by either of three lines of railroad, princi- all now under the control of the Old Colony Railroad Company. The and makes pal of these is the line from Taunton, which comes in from the north, there also a direct route from New Bedford to Boston, via Taunton, connecting with the Northern division of the Old Colony for Mansfield, South Framing- with ham, Fitchburg, etc., at all of which points connections are readily made diverging railroads. The traveler can also reach New Bedford from Boston by the the Fairhaven branch of the Old Colony Railroad, which connects with by Cape Cod branch at Tremont. This line is connected with New Bedford horse-cars from Fairhaven. The Fall River Railroad, now also a part of the Old Colony system, con- miles in nects Fall River with New Bedford. This line is about fourteen station as the road length, and has its terminus in New Bedford at the same any other from Taunton, but in Fall River it forms no direct connection with any station on the railroad, its terminus being more than a mile distant from main line of the Old Colony that passes through Fall River. shore of The depot in New Bedford is at the north end of the city, on the if are on your way to the the upper harbor at the foot of Pearl Street ; but you the steamboat Vineyard or Nantucket, the train will take you a mile further, to steamer to wharf. From New York you may come all the way by rail, or by

distances are : Stonington, Providence, or Fall River, and thence by rail. The Worcester, Boston, ; Lowell, ; From New York (via Mansfield), 238 ; 55 75 Taunton, 20; Fall River, 14 miles. 71 ; Providence, 35 ; between New Bedford A line of freight steamers has for many years plied two and New York. When the railroad was extended to tide-water in 1873-4, were put on new steam propellers, with good accommodations for passengers, name of these boats the line, and ran in connection with the railroad. The continued run- were City of New Bedford and City of Fitchburg, and they and steamers passed ning about five years. At the end of that time the railroad the passenger line into the hands of the Old Colony Railroad Company, and by the rail- was discontinued. The freight line,niowever, is still maintained Bedford by a line road company". Martha's Vineyard js reached from New and three times- of steamers which make several trips daily during the summer, Nantucket. a week during winter, and the same vessels^also run to NEW BEDFORD. 73

SouLE Piano and Organ Investment Co. — New Bedford has the best

of advantages for the purchase of Pianos and Organs ; and one remarkable fact

which is to the credit of the musical capitalists, is that they manufacture the

Nickerson Piano, one of the finest in the country. For it is well known that in the art of piano making, actions, cases, and other component parts are produced as a specialty by manufacturers. Some of these are made by this com-

the action is the pany, celebrated Wessell, Nickel & Gross ; the tuning mechanism is the invention of H. B. Nickerson, of this city, doubtless the finest in the world, guaranteeing the piano standing in tune two to four times as long as any pin block piano. The Soule Piano and Organ Investment Co. has the agency for this piano. The manager, L. Soule, has secured the agency because

it he considers one of the finest pianos now made ; he secured the agency of the Mason & Hamlin Piano, (with the same tuning mechanism virtually) when

it was first introduced. Mr. Soule is an inventor, having pi'oduced several improvements on tack and nail machinery while superintendent of the A. Field & Sons Tack Co., Taunton. At first scarcely one was found to acknowledge

the merits of the Mason & Hamlin stringer, but to-day it is an established fact that their piano matches the best in the land, and stands in tune as above claimed. The Company controls the territory of South Eastern Massachusetts for the Ivers & Pond Piano, which to-day has the greatest record in the world for merit in the schools and colleges over the land ; the Decker & Son, the original " Decker," established in 1856, and the William Bourne & Son, established in 1S37, the celebrated Mason & Hamlin, Worcester, Packard, and other organs.

These instruments and those mentioned above, are offered for sale at No. 7 Pleasant Street. The company also has headquarters in Taunton and Brock- ton. The business was established by L. Soule, seven years ago, and has so increased that it requires a larger capital than a man of limited means could furnish. By the counsel of those wise in such matters, Mr. Soule sought and secured leading musical business men to join him in forming a stock company.

This business as conducted, is of unusual interest, for it demonstrates and makes true the old adage, that " Honesty is the best policy."

Mrs. Hetty Green, of New York, reputed to be the wealthiest woman in

America, is a native of New Bedford. She is the granddaughter of Gideon

Howland, a member of I. Howland, Jr. «S: Co., a whaling firm, which has existed since before the beginning of the century. Gideon Howland had two daughters, Sylvia Ann and Abigail. The former died in 1S65, leaving $3,000- 000, and bequeathed $100,000 toward the introduction of water into New Bed- ford, a like sum for educational and literar}' purposes, and a large sum for the benefit of the aged women of the city. One-half of the second bequest, $50,000, was set apart for the Free Public Library, and is known as the Sylvia Ann

Howland Fund, the income from it being about $3,000 annually. Abigail married Edward Mott Robinson, and their daughter Hetty Howland Robinson married Edward Green, of New York. Miss Robinson inherited $5,000,000 from her father and $1,000,000 from her aunt. .

THE STRANGERS' GUIDE- NEW BEDFORD.

POINTS OF INTEREST. COTTON FACTORIES. Almshouse, Clark's Point. Acushnet, foot of Delano, Board of Trade, 33 North Water. City Manufacturing Co., fool Grinnell (yarn). Common, at north part of city, on Purchase, between Griunell, Kilburu, corner North Front, Pearl and Pope. Hathaway Mill, South Water. Central Police Station, 5 South Second, near Union. Howland Mill, Clark's Cove (yarn). City Hall, Market square. Potoniska (2). 269 South Water. City htable, 64 High. Wamsutta (6), north end of city. County Court House, County, between Court and New Bedford Manufacturing Company, foot of Hill- TJniou. man (yarn). Custom House, William, corner North Second. Friends' Academy, Morg-an, near County. NATIONAL BANKS. Liberty Hall, corner William and Purchase. Hig^h School, Summer. Citizens, 96 North Water, corner New Bedford Institution for Savings, William, First, Union, corner South Second. North Second. Mechanics, North Water, foot of William. Old Colony R. R. depot. Pearl. Mechanics, North Water, foot of William. Opera House, 249 to 253 Union. National Bank of Commerce, 35 North Water. Public Library, William, corner Pleasant. Police Court. 5 South Second, near Union. Post Oifice, North Second, corner William. SAVINGS BANKS. St. Luke's Hospital, 109 Fourth. St. Joseph's Hospital, Pleasant, corner Campbell. New Bedford Five Cents, 71 Purchase, corner Mechan- Steamboat Square, foot of School. ics lane. Soldiers' Monument, at Centre Common. New Bedford Institution for Savings, William, corner Swain Free School, 391 County. North Second. River View Park, Acushnet avenue, two miles from City Hall. Woodlawn Park, Clark's Point, west side. LOCALITIES IN CITY AND Yacht Club House (the New Bedford), Pope's Island. Quarantine Grounds; Butler's Flats on the South, the VICINITY. east shore of Clark's Point on the west, the Eleven Foot Bank on the north, and the Egg Island on the east. Acushnet, a village usually known as the Head of the The Bridge, foot of Middle Street. Biver, three and a half miles northerly from City Hall. The Fort, extremity of Clark's Point. Acushnet Heights, elevations northwest portion of the Lighthouse, Palmer's Island. city. Water Works Pumping Station, Purchase street, north Belleville, one mile south of Acushnet, on bank of end. river. Water Works reservoir, Acushnet Height, and at Pump- Caunonville, in western part of city. ing station, C!ommon, north part of city, bounded by County, Pur- chase, Poi>e and Pearl streets. Clark's Point, southerly part of city. MANUFACTURING ESTABLISH- Fish Island, in harbor near New Bedford side, the bridge to Fairhaveu passing over it. MENTS. Four Corners, the intersection of Water and Union streets. Clark's Cove Guano Co,, west side of Clark's Cove. Palmers Island, at entrance to harbor. Has a govern- Gosnold Mills. oMfi Acushnet avenue. ment litrhthouse on north end. Morse Twist, Drill and Machine Co., 20 Bedford, corner Pope's Island, near Fairhaven shore. Bridge to Fair- Fourth. haven passes over it. Mount Washington Glass Co., Prospect. Rockdale, a mile north of Cannonville. New Bedford Copper Co., North Front, rear Wamsutta Jesseville, west of Wamsutta Mills, on the slope of the Mills. hill. New Bedford Boiler and Machine Works, 24 South Wamsutta Village, at north end. Front. New Bedford Cordage Co., Court. CEMETERIES. New Bedford Gas Co., 73 WilliHiii. Oueko Woideu Mills, head of Purchase. Grove, west part city. North Smith and Parker, Prospect, corner Oak Pairpoint Manufacturing Company, a mile northwest from City Hall. Howlaud. Pine Grove, near Acushnet Village. Kdsou Electric Light Co Rural, Dartmoiith, m south part of city. Union Boiler Works, 32 Commercial. Hathaway, Soule & Harrington's Shoe Factory, North Second, corner North. WHARVES. J. B. Paulding & Co.'s Shoe Factory, 112 and 114 North Water Atlantic, foot of Cannon, between Eddy and Leonard Tinkliam, Reed & Gififord's Shoe Factory, 19 and 21 Wharves. North Second. Baltimore Slip, foot of Union, and between Tabers and Delano's Oil Works, 20 South Second, corner South. Merchants' W harvos. W. A. Robinson & Co., Oil, Candle and Soap Factory, Central, foot of Centre, 50 South Water. City Wharf and Railway, opposite 67 South Water, next Hersou's Soap Works, Fish Island. north of Gas Works. Hastings Oil Works, Grinuell, corner Prospect. Commercial, foot of Commercial, next south of Mer- Brownell & Ashley, carriages, 24 to 38 Fourth. chants' Wharf. George L. Brownell, carriage manufacturer, Acushnet Durfee's, foot of Maxfleld. avenue, corner Cannon. Fairhaven Ferry Slip, South Front, foot of School. Clarence Lowell, carriage manufacturer, 278 Acushnet Fish Island, directly east of foot of Middle, with avenue, which it is connected by the bridge. Is nearly sur- Acushnet Coffee and Spice Mills, 28 Union. rounded by extensive wharves. Water, at works, New Bedford Iron Foundry, 90 and 92 South Water. ! Gas Conmany Wharf, South Thayer & Judd ParaiUne Co., Botch's Wharf. George Howlaud's, foot of North, north side. rear Gosnold Mills. W. F. Nye's Oil Works, Fish Island. I Gosnold's, Thos. M. James. INSURANCE.

BEST OF COMPANIES. LOWEST RATES.

PROMPT PAYMENT OF LOSSES.

44 NORTH WATER STREET,

Thos. Hersom & Co., Soap Manufacturers -AND DEALERS IN SPERM, WHALE, NEATSFOOT, PALM and CASTOR OILS.

I would call particular attention to my best Soaps, namely: "BEST" "NORTHERN BELLiE" and "CENTEN- NIAIj IjAUNDKY." These Soaps are equal to the best iu the market. They are made of Tallow, and are free from any adulteration. The "BEST" and "NORTHERN BELLE" are highly perfumed, and therefore good for the Toilet or Bath. Also, Manufacturers of 46 ITALIAN SAPONE," the best granulated Soap iu the market. Please irive them a trial. We have constantly nn hand GROUND BONE, OR BONE MEAL,

which is absolutely pure. A conceded fact that Bone Meal has no equal as a fertilizer for Farms, Gardens and Lawns, if properly applied. We can give the best of references from the most practical farmers and gardeners in our vicinity, if desired, as to its results.

•9

New Bedford, - - - ^ ^ - Mass. CHARLES F. BORDEN, t?affa<-H

-Aivr>- Model :im[^^k:e^s^.

Also Mauiifacturer of the

Tremont Turbine Water Wheel,

Which for Cheapness, Durability and Power,

we know of no Wheel that equals it.

Grearing^ Shafting^ Iron and Wood Pulleys, li^.ll1'E;E.S« SI^BB^AIIS'I

I also keep a large assortment of PLANS OF MANTELS, SIDEBOARDS, ETC.,

In addition to my other industries, I have now added STAIR Building

IN Alili ITS BRANCHES.

Newels, Balasters, Rails,

ETC., ETC.,

IN EITHER SOFT OR HARD WOOD.

Stone Bnilding, Second Floor,

Gor. SOUTH WATER & COFFIN STREETS, New Bedford Mass.

CHARLES F. BORDEN. .

NEW BEDFORD. 77

Hart & Akiu. 90 South Water. Primitive Methodist, High street. Hastings & Co., foot of Grinnell. Rochdale Free Chapel, Rochdale. Hazard's, opposite 77 North Water. Seamen's Bethel, Bethel street, between William and Howlaud'.s, J. & J,, foot of Middle, south of Parker's. Union. Leonard's, foot of Leonard street. Presbyterian (has no church building). Merchant's, foot of High. Merchant's, foot of Union. INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETIES, ETC. Merrill's, between Walmit and School. Packet Slip, foot of Centre, between Central and Association for the Relief of Aged Women. Eotch's wharf. Ladies' City Mission Society. Parker's, foot of south of the l)ridge. Middle, next Board of Trade, 31 North Water. Philadelphia and Reading' Coal and Iron Co.'s. foot of New Bedford Dorcas Society. Walnut. New Bedford i^oet Society. of near Mills. Kailroad. north Kodman's, and Wamsutta Women'H Christian Association, hi Pleasant. Rotch, near foot of Hamilton and Rodman. Union for Good Works, Hicks Building, Purchase, cor- Samuel Rodman'.'*, foot of Hillman. ner Mechanics Lane. Steamboat, foot of School. Young Men's Christian Association, Robeson Building, of Union, between Central and Taber's. next north 57 William. Merchants' wharve.s. Orphans' Home. French avenue, corner Cove. Wamsutta. foot of Wamsutta street. St. Joseph Hospital, Pleasant, corner Campbell. foot of North. Wilcox & Richmond's, St. Luke's Hospital, 1H9 Fourth. Woman's Reform and Lelief Society, temporary home CHURCHES. Merrimac, corner Pleasant. Baptist. FIRE STATIONS AND APPARATUS. First, William, above Sixth. No. 530 Purchase, foot of Franklin — Onward Engine, Second, Middle, west of Sixth. North, County, corner Merrimac. No. 1. Purchase Street, rorner Mechanics Lane—Progress En- Salem, North Sixth, near Market square. gine No. 3; Franklin Hose Carriage, No. 1; Pioneer Hook and Ladder, No. 1. Christiatt. South Sixth, corner Bedford—Cornelius Howland En- gine, No. 4. Middle Street, Middle, head of North Sixth. County, corner Hillman — Zacharlah Hillman Engine, North, Purchase, corner Middle. No. 5. South, Bouney. corner Sherman. Fourth, head of Potomska — Frederick Macy Engine, Spruce Street, Spruce, corner Smith. No. 6. Hancock Hand Engine, No. 9, at Head of the River. Congregatiotial First. Acushnet Village. SCHOOLS. Trinitarian, Fourth, corner School. North, Purchase, corner Elm. High, between Summer, Chestnut, North aud^Mill. Fifth Street Grammar. Episcopal, Middle Streot Grammar. Parker Street Grammar. Grace, County, corner School. Thompson Street Grammar. St. James, County, corner Linden. Swain Free School, 391 County. Olivet, Fourth street, corner of Rivet. Primary Schools. Methodist Episcopal. Arnold Street, Acushnet Avenue, Cedar Street, Cedar Grove Street, Dartmouth Street, Fourth Street, Grove, Allen Street, Allen, corner County. Kempton Street, Linden Street, Maxlield Street, Merri- Bethel (African), Kempton, west of County. mac Street, North Mill School, Cedar Grove, South Mill County Street, County, corner Elm. School, Thompson Street, William Street. Fourth Street, Fourth, south of Walnut. Pleasant Street, Pleasant, corner Sycamore. Country Schools. Zion, Elm, west of County. Acushnet, Cannonville, Clark's Point, Farm' School Roman Catholic, North, Plainville, Rockdale. St. Lawrence's, County, near Hillman, Private Schools. Church of the Sacred Heart (French), Ashland, corner Eobesou. Friends' Academy, Morgan. (Portuguese), Winer, corner Fifth. St. John Baptist Aimswell School, North, near Foster. St. Hyaciuthe, Rivet Street, west of County. St. Jame.s—services held in parochial school, corner Parochial Schools. Acushnet ave. and Wing streets. Robeson, near Ashland. Advent. Sacred Heart, Second St. Joseph's, Linden, corner State. Kempton Street, Kempton, corner Foster. St. Mary's, Fourth, corner Wing. Society of Friends. CITY OFFICES. Sprinp Street, west of Sixth. Fifth Street, north of Russell (seldom used). In City Hall Building. Board of Health; Overseer of the Poor; Superintend- Union Church, Allen's Corner, Plainville. ent of Public Schools ; Water Board. Unitarian (First Congregational Society), Union, cor- In Public Library Building. ner Eighth. Universalist (First), William, near Eighth. Mayor; City Clerk; Assessors; Auditor; Collector; Howland Chapel. Purchase, north of Merrimac. City Missionary Chapel, South Water, corner Leonard. Police office, 5 South Second, near Union ; Registrar of Cannonville Chapel. Deeds, County Court House. :

TURBINE WHEELS, CIRCULAR SAW MILLS,

SHINGLE MACHINES, GRIST MILLS,

Woodworking Machinery,

OF ALL KINDS. HIGH SPEED AND COI?,l4lSS

|lulolI|aliG•^Gu^O[[^ED!jifle!i,

Plain Slide Valve

and Portable Engines,

stationary & Portable Boilers.

Blowers, Exhaust Fans, Steam Pumps AND

General Mill Supplies.

J^IDIDI^ESS CHASE & SON,

236 Federal Street, Portland, Me.

TJ. S. .A.. PART FOURTH.

33u|^«ntr's 33aij.

A WIDE BEAUTIFUL BAY THE ROUTE TO MARTHAS VINEYARD ITS SHORES AND RE- SORTS MATTAPOISETT MARION ONSET BAY' —-MONUMENT BEACH FALMOUTH

NONqUUTT ELIZABETH ISLANDS VINEY'ARD SOUND. ,

The route from New Bedford to Mai-tha's Vineyard is first across Buzzard's Bay, a magnificent body of water of an irregular oblong shape, separated from the ocean on the east by Cape Cod, and on the south by the Elizabeth Islands. Its

greatest length is from the entrance between Penekese Island and Mishaum Point to Back River Harbor, a distance of about eighteen miles, froin

southwest to northeast ; while

f^ its width from New Bedford Lower Harbor to Naushon

Island is about nine miles. This ample water area has often aftbrded opportunity for great yacht races covering fifty or summer ciaiises. Because sixty miles in a triangular of its comparatively course, sailed here by the ves- smooth waters, the sels of the New York Yacht strength and steadiness of Squadron during their annual its summer winds, and its freedom from obstruction, the bay is a favorite sailing ground for yachts and for the numerous cat-boats and sloops from New

Bedford and the smaller harbors on its coast. The shores are low and sandy, backed by forests in most places, and are much indented by many inlets and harbors, on some of which towns, villages, and summer resorts are situated, while others have one or two houses to break their solitude, and still others have for their only tenants the denizens of the shores and waters. The region is beautiful, not with the beauty of strong contrasts, but rather in a quiet, unob- trusive way, by means of the manifold combinations of sky, water, low shores, and the ever present forests. So BUZZARD'S BAY.

The Vineyard steamer in starting from New Bedford passes out of the harbor between Pahner's Island and Fairhaven. The old fortification on the rocks at the southern end of Fairhaven is Fort Phenix. A little more than a

mile below on the right is Clark's Point, with its unfinished fort. The low land

on the east is Sconticut Neck, a long tongue-like peninsula. Beyond Clark's Point, over a wide extent of water, we can see Nonquitt, where General Sher-

idan died August 5, 188S. Several miles below, southward, are Round Hill and the Dumpling Rock Light, at the mouth of the bay. We are now on the broad bosom of the bay, and the steamer is heading in a course almost directly

east for Wood's Holl, which is reached in a little over an hour. To the north

of this course is what may justly be called the upper bay, which gradually nar-

rows until it runs nearly to a point at the extreme northeast, at Cohasset Nar- rows, the Head of the Bay, so called, from where the distance overland to

Cape Cod Bay is only four or five miles. The eastern coast of Buzzai'd's Bay

from here to Wood's Holl is consequently the back shore of Cape Cod.

In 1S75 Charles Nordhoff writing of this section said : " Very few places on any coast present so many favorable and beautiful locations for summer

resorts as the region that is washed by Vineyard Sound and Buzzard's Bay. There are dozens of town sites on this variousl}-^ indented shore-line, all picturesque and easily accessible." Since then many of these locations have been seized upon and appropriated for such purposes, and the shores of the upper bay in the circuit from New Bedford and Fairhaven to Wood's Holl are now dotted with many summer residences and hotels, some established in old settlements that formerly were only fishing villages, while others are in entirely new places in beautiful locations. The whole coast is reached by the lines of the Old Colony Railroad. The Fairhaven branch, running fiom there to a connection with the main Cape Cod line at Tremont, fui'nishes access to the western shore of the upper bay, the only stations being at Marion and Mattapoisett, both old settlements and fishing towns. From Tremont to Buzzard's Bay Station, a distance of nine miles, the raili'oad runs along the northern end of the bay and passes through the shore town of Wareham, famous for the oysters found in its creeks and harbors, and there are in this distance four stations, at South Wareham, Ware- ham, East Wareham, and Onset, about two miles distant from the resort of that

name, with which a connection is made by a horse railroad. From Buzzard's Bay Station the W^ood's Holl branch starts and runs along quite close to the eastern shore, passing through a number of places the most recent on the bay. The stations are at Monument Beach, Wenaumet, Pocasset, Cataumet, North

Falmouth, West Falmouth, and Falmouth, and the distance of this run is about seventeen miles. This circuit of the bay by rail is a little over forty miles. MATTAPOISETT.

On the northeast shore of a commodious harbor five miles from New Bed- ford is the seaside village of Mattapoisett, a place of from twelve to fifteen hundred inhabitants. It was once a flourishing town of ship builders, but is now chiefly a summer resort for wealthy peojjle from Boston and vicinity. The BUZZARD'S BAY. Si

Landing of Gosnold, 1602.

harbor is rather exposed to the southeast winds. There are a number of small summer hotels, and boardino^ houses for summer guests are numerous. MARION.

Five miles eastward from Mattapoisett is the village of Marion, situated on the west side of Sippican Harbor, a reproduction of New Bedford Harbor on a

smaller scale. " It is easy of access, has plenty of water, is perfectly safe for

the largest yachts to visit, its shores abound with the sweetest shell-fish, oysters

of excellent quality are native here ; no corrupting manufactories poison its waters or its shores, the streams which empty into it are perfectly pure, coming from the pine and cedar swamps which extend northerly for a considerable distance." The population of Marion is about one thousand. During the seasons of 18S7 and 1888 Mrs. Cleveland, in those years the first lady in the land, passed her summers at Marion. Many people were attracted thereby as visitors, and the charms of the place were advertised by the constant chronicling of the comings and goings of the wife of the President. In 1889 Ex-President Cleveland, also made the place his summer home, running down here weekly from his law business in New York. Henry James,

Jr., in his novel, The Bostonians^ thus describes the place : " The little straggling, loosely clustered town lay along the edge of a blue inlet, on the other side of which was a blue wooded shore, with a gleam ot 82 BUZZARD'S BAY. white sand where it touched the water. The narrow bay carried the vision outward to a picture that seemed at once bright and dim — a shining, slumber- ing summer sea, and a far oh' circling line of coast which under the summer sun was hazy and delicate The houses looked at each other across the grass, low, rusty, crooked, distended houses, with dry cracked faces, and the dim eyes of small paned, stiffly-sliding windows. Their little door

yards bristled with rank old-fashioned flowers, mostly yellow ; and on the quarter that stood back from the sea, the fields sloped upward, and the woods in which they presently lost themselves looked down over the roofs."

ONSET BAY.

The whole of the region at the Head of Buzzard's Bay is in the town of Wareham. In the northwest corner of the bay at the head of the Wareham river is the manufacturing village of Wareham, with its busy nailworks. This is the largest place on the upper bay. About four miles eastward, but also within the limits of Wareham, is Onset Bay, a noted summer resort at the head of a beautiful inlet of that name. In 1876 the Onset Bay Grove Association, an organization of Spiritualists, bought an extensive tract of land at the head of Onset Bay, and since then have held an annual camp meeting every summer during July and August. A large number of cottages has during these years been built until at present Onset Bay is one of the largest cottage settlements in New England, and presents the appearance of a considerable town. The land was sold to the cottage owners subject to an annual assessment for the support of the meetings, not in any case to exceed $5, besides which of course a tax is collected by the town of Wareham. The meetings are held in a grove, the platform being the rear portion of a building which also accommodates the officers of the Association. In 1885 a large wooden edifice was erected to be used for services in stormy weather.

The surroundings of Onset Bay are very beautiful. The resort is almost surrounded by water and there are many picturesque islands and shores in the neighborhood, the whole forming a landscape of much more than ordinary

beauty. Nearly every other house in the place is the abode of a medium, and seances, materializations and the usual phenomena are of daily occurence. Onset Bay is distant by water two hours' sail from New Bedford, and steamers make occasional trips between the two places during the summer. The sail afl'ords many beautiful views especially in the portions near the head of the bay. MONUMENT BEACH.

Four miles beyond Onset Bay station is Monument Beach, on the eastern side of the bay, near the mouth of the Monument river. Although this resort

is only a few years old it is a very po^^ular j^lace, is provided with a good hotel, and summer cottages are increasing in number every year. A good beach, hard and smooth, affords excellent opportunities for bathing. Marion is only six

miles distant over the bay. Onset is two miles distant, and a sail across or along

the shore and into tlie inlets brings the voyager through many pleasant and beautiful scenes. BUZZARD'S BAY 83

Down the Ba^s' FALMOUTH.

The township of Fahnouth inchides the hirger extent of the east shore of

Buzzard's Bay, and its territory also borders for ten or twelve miles on Vine-

yard Sound. It is thus a wedge-shaped piece of land terminating in a promon-

tory to the south, on which is situated Wood's Holl, the terminus of the Old Colony railroad, and the place where travelers embark on the steamers from New Bedfoi'd, en route for Martha's Vineyard or Nantucket. The harbor here is a good haven for vessels in bad weather. Many summer residences are now located in the vicinity. The elevation near the entrance into Vineyard Sound

is Nobska Hill, and from its summit charming views are obtained of the Sound, of the shores and hills of the Vineyard, and of the Elizabeth Islands. From the same standpoint, looking northward across the neck of land, the whole

stretch of Buzzard's Bay is before us.

The principal place in the town is the village of Falmouth, about four miles from Wood's Holl. It contains a number of old houses as w^ell as many modern

residences, and is situated on the shores of Vineyard Sound, although tlie dis-

tance over to "Buzzard's Bay is not much more than a mile. The village is about half a mile from the railroad station, and about the same distance from a fine landing on the Sound. A mile southward is Falmouth Heights, now a

very popular resort, with several hotels. Other places ftist acquiring reputation

as summer resorts are : Menauhant, on the Sound, seven miles from the railroad station, and to which a small steamer runs from Wood's Holl and Falmouth

Landing ; Waquoit, at the head of Waquoit Bay, which connects with the Sound two miles east from Menauhant, but is only six miles distant by road from Falmouth Station Qiiissett Harbor, on Buzzard's Bay, has an excellent ;

hotel, and is within two miles of either Falmouth or Wood's Holl. On the Falmouth shore of the bay there are many other beautiful locations, which probably in the future will be appropriated for summer residences or resorts. NONQUITT.

On the western shore of Buzzard's Bay seven miles below New Bedford, and two or three miles from the mouth of the bay, is the beautiful seaside resort 84 BUZZARD'S BAY. known as Nonquitt. It is a comparatively small settlement, consisting of a good sized hotel and fifty or more summer cottages, and is situated on a gentle slope facing the bay. The houses are scattered around without much apparent plan, no fences separate them, and all command good views of the sea. On this slope there are few trees, but extensive woods stretch westward. In a miniature bay enclosed by a ledge of rocks is a fine sandy bathing beach, and here are located a hundred or more bathing houses belonging to the hotel and cottages. A picturesque feature is a huge mass of rock a short distance from shore, reached by a long narrow foot bridge. The locality has been immortalized by the famous artist, R. Swain Giftbrd, who here established a summer home ten or twelve years ago, and his tasteful studio now overlooks the land and water scenes he has done so much to inter- pret in his pictures of " Bare Kneed Rocks" and others. A near neighbor of his is another artist, William Sartain, who also has reproduced some of Non- quitt's scenery. The place was formerly known b}^ the name " Bare Kneed Rocks," and before the establishmentof Nonquitt was a favorite resort for parties to camp out for a day or a month. The Nonquitt Wharf and Land Company, chiefly composed of Boston people, purchased a tract of land here fifteen or sixteen years ago, and advertising its beauties, succeeded in building it up to its present dimensions. There is no harbor here, as the shore is exposed in all directions except the west, so that the opportunities for boating are not so good as on many places on the bay. A small steamer plies constantly between Nonquitt and New Bedford during the summer. The distance by land is, however, about the same as by water, and the road leads across the bridge at the head of Dartmouth Harbor a mile or two northward, on the eastern side of which is the village of Appono- gansett, or as otherwise called, Padanaram. Louisa M. Alcott, the well-known novelist, had a cottage at Nonquitt for several seasons. Nonquitt was brought into national prominence during the summer of 1888, through the death here of General Philip H. Sheridan, on the 5th of August of that year. General Sheridan, with his family, had spent several summers here, and in 1S87 had erected a handsome cottage. To this new residence he came to die. ELIZABETH ISLANDS.

Extending in a line southwesterly from Wood's IIoll to the entrance of Buz- zard's Bay are the Elizabeth Islands, consisting of five large and seven smaller isles. The names of the principal islands are : Naushon, Basque, Nashawena, Cuttyhunk and Penekese, ranged one after the other in the order named with comparatively narrow water passages between them. Naushon is by far the largest, and the name applies not only to that island, but includes two others separated from the main island by channels so narrow that from appearances no one would suspect the existence of separate islands. These two islands are

Uncatena and Nonomesset, both at the eastern end of Naushon ; the first is to the north on Buzzard's Bay, the other borders on Vineyard sound and approaches BUZZARD'S BAY 85

The Sheridan Cottage, NoNcyjiTT. nearest to the mainland at Wood's Holl. Between these two ishnids is Hadley's Harbor, a beautiful natural haven. The channels between these islands and Naushon run from the head of Hadley's Harbor to Buzzard's Bay and Mne- yard Sound respectively, and are both spanned by substantial bridges ; these creeks are known among the fishermen as " the north and south gutters."

Nonomesset is the largest and most fertile of the two islands. The principal wharf in Hadley's Harbor is on Uncatena, and on this island also is the mansion of house of Colonel J. M. Forbes, the owner of the entire domain Naushon. The main island is about ten miles long and of an average width of a mile and a quarter, but between Tarpaulin Cove, on Vineyard Sound, and Kettle Cove, on Buzzard's Bay, is very little over three quarters of a mile wide. The island is covered with foi'est over a large part of its entire extent. Here a few deer have their home, and once a year do Mr. Forbes and his friends indulge in a deer hunt. In the central portion is a sheep range, where, at times, as many as four thousand sheep have been maintained. Besides the house of Mr. Forbes at Hadley's Harbor, there are two others, inhabited by his sons, and several farm houses and cottages tenanted by farmers and attachoe. At

Tarpaulin Cove is a harbor much frequented by vessels passing through the Sound, and here they can procure supplies from a good store in the little settlement at the head of the cove. On the south side of this harbor is a lighthouse. In the south gutter, between Nonamesset and Naushon are the two small Buck Islands. In Buzzard's Bay, northward from Naushon, near its easter nend are two small rocky islands, known as the Woepeckets. They are quite conspicuous from the Vineyard steamers. yacht Puritati, is one of J. Malcom Forbes, the owner of the celebrated S6 • BUZZARD'S BAY. the sons of the " Baron of Naiishon," and in HacUey's harbor the beautiful craft can often be seen from the decks of the Vineyard steamers as they pass through Wood's Holl.

The next island beyond Naushon is Pasque, separated from it by a rocky passage called Robinson's hole. Pasque is between one and two miles in length and about a mile wide, and is the property of the Pasque Island Club, composed chiefly of New York gentlemen. They have a good club house, other buildings for keepers and helpers, and possess a number of fishing stands projecting into the water, their main sport being fishing for bass which are taken from these stands.

Beyond Pasque and separated from it by Qiiick's Hole, a wide and deep passage through which vessels of any size can sail, is Nashawena, the second in size of the Elizabeth Islands, being four miles long and about one mile wide.

The shore line is for the most part high and forbidding and the adjoining water bold and deep. There are forests in some of its valleys, but from the water few trees are seen, and many ponds exist, some of them forty or sixty acres in extent and of great depth. The island is stocked with a large flock of sheep, of over a thousand, cattle, and horses, and many turkeys are raised. It has one harbor. There are more Indian remains on Nashawena than on any of the islands Oft' the harbor is a small island called Barataria.

Separated only by a very unsafe and narrow boat passage called Canapit- sett from Nashawena, is the island of Cuttyhunk, which is of an irregular shape, with an area of about seven hundred acres. On the north side is a harbor much used by vessels, and a narrow inlet leads into a large pond where small boats can find perfect security at all times. At the western end is a lighthouse, and near by a life saving station. In the same neighborhood is a large jDond of fresh water called Gosnold's pond in the centre of which is Gosnold's island, where it is supposed the English navigator, Bartholomew Gosnold, and his men built houses in the year 1602 when he discovered these islands and named them in honor of Qiieen Elizabeth. The foundations of houses can still be seen here. Cuttyhunk is now almost entii^ely owned by the Cuttyhunk Fishing Club, composed chiefly of New York gentlemen. They possess a fine club house and have more than a score of stands for bass fishing which is the principal sport. On the island there are about twenty houses occupied by pilots and fishermen, and there is also a Methodist church and a school house. The Eliza- beth islands were constituted a town by the name of Gosnold in 1S64 and the town meetings are held on Cuttyhunk. A small steamer crosses the bay from New Bedford several times a week during the summer.

The outermost of the islands is Penekese, about a mile north of Cuttyhunk, and it is the smallest of the chief islands of the group, being only about sixty acres in extent. It has a small harbor much frequented by fishing smacks. Here was located the school of natural history conducted by Professor Louis Agassiz, in 1873, but never very successful. Large buildings were erected but are now entirely unused. A similar school is now conducted by Professor Alexander Agassiz at Castle Hill, Newport. BUZZARD'S BAY. s;

Commencement of the Whale Fishery, New Bedford.

" From the heights of any of these islands may be viewed a marine panorama many miles in length, which presents new and ever-changing scenes un- ceasingly." VINEYARD SOUND.

Between the Elizabeth Islands and the northern coast of Martha's Vineyard is Vineyard Sound, five or six miles in width and twenty miles in length, one of the greatest thoroughfares for vessels in the world. The keels of every nation plow these waters without rest day or night. It is said that more than sixty thousand steamships and sailing vessels pass annually through this sound in the day-time alone. Vessels from New York, Philadelphia, and the south, bound for Boston, Poilland, and all eastern New England, and vice t^erj'^, pass through this convenient channel. Frequently they "form a procession, seemingly a dress parade to delight the enraptured spectator. The soft, southwest wind just holds the vessels against the western tide, and as they come within its influence they almost stop until there are gathered hundreds between Gay Head and the Sow and Pigs Ledge, appearing like a regiment marking time. When the tide turns, on they come, sweeping along noiselessly they pass like mighty eagles, and as their various rates of sailing show their effects, the vessels form into a continuous line extending beyond the sight." MAP O^

SAtVt HENRY C. LAZELLE, REED AND HARNESS MANUFACTURER.

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AND DEALER IN

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The Bathix(, Beach and Tower, Oak Bluffs, Cottage City.

PART FIFTH.

Its situation and physical characteristics — climate and healthfulness — political DIVISIONS THE APPROACH TO THE ISLAND BY STEAMER APPEARANCE of cottage city oak bluffs the camp-ground — vineyard highlands other localities in cottage city the annual illumination the martha's vineyard club — anticipated event for season of 1888 — the oak bluffs club and house fire department, schools, and water supply the martha's vineyard herald fishing — churches excursions to gay head, edgartown, katama — how to get to the vineyard views of the ocean from oak bluffs historical notes the development of the resort from the camp meeting the land companies cottage city hotels — vineyard haven west chop edgartown and katama — gay head strangers' guide. One of the best known of the many beautiful summer resorts on the North- ern Atlantic seaboard is the island of Martha's Vineyard, oft' the southeastern coast of Massachusetts, and within an hour's sail of the mainland. It lies to the southward of Vineyard Sound, a great ocean highway along the coast, through which all vessels moving in either direction pass. To the northeast is the peninsula of Cape Cod ; to the northwest are the Elizabeth Islands, which form a iMARTHA'S VINEYARD. o.y" « the mouth of Buzzard's Bay, line of outposts in the ocean from the mainland to and out at sea thirty miles distant which they separate from Vineyard Sound ; lonely sea-girt isle so far away as to in a southeasterly direction is Nantucket, a be out of sight of any neighboring lands. has a very diversified sur- Martha's Vineyard is of a sandy formation and borders on Vineyard Sound and face. On the northern and western coasts it the south it is comparatively level rises in considerable elevations, while on lakes. Forests, mostly of and low and is dotted with many wood-embowered impression has pre- dwarf oaks, cover the larger portion of the surface. An character, but the crops in vailed that the soil was poor because of its sandy belief, and also demonstrate the fact seasons when rain is plentiful disprove this in dry seasons would bring that judicious cultivation with proper irrigation grown on the island are ample returns. Small fruits and garden vegetables mainland, but the supply is much superior to what can be obtained from the not fully equal to the demand. out at the The shores are mostly sandy beaches, in some cases stretching and arid sand slopes like foot of abrupt bluffs which face the ocean with steep sustained by a background railroad embankments, at other places they are roll away into low of undulating, wooded hills. Still in other localities they north, and meadows, or are flanked by salt marshes or ponds. On the east, surf except during west the sea breaks on the beaches gently, with little or no shore the full sweep storms or the prevalence of certain winds, but on the south roll in upon the sands in long and of the ocean is felt, and the majestic billows steep beach stretching for high rollers, chasing each other up and down the even in calm weather is mfles in a straight line, and making a grand music that like distant and muflaed thunder. on the eastern In the interior and on the coast remote from the communities the lover of solitude end of the island, the country is but thinly settled, and the haunts of men, with the can find here plenty of opportunity to get away from distance. Here also in the placid advantage of still being almost within hailing and other deni- lakes and the rushing brooks the sea bass, the speckled trout, and the multitude zens of the waters that love not the places where commerce opportunity, do not intrude, can be entrapped by those who, having time and dread fatigue or fear solitude. as the latitude will allow. The climate is as nearly like that of Florida while the mean The highest temperature reached in July, 1S87, was 89 degrees, lowest 61.7 temperature during the same month was 73.2 degrees, and the and when it comes, soon degrees. Very little snow falls during the winter, mainland. During the passes away, as the weather is much milder than on the seldom falls below 10 winter the temperature ranges from 30 to 40 degrees, Vineyard is being degrees, and very rarely to zero. For these reasons the water is said to recommended as a winter resort. The temperature of the sea on the north side of Cape be 21 degrees warmer on the bank of the island than tropics mingles with the Cod, the cause being that the warm current from the Seas enter Cape waters of the sound, while the icy currents from the North Cod and Massachusetts bays. MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 93

The healthfulness of Martha's

Vineyard is one of the pet subjects

with its residents and natives, and certainly the vital statistics bear out the assertions. The avei'age death rate for the last ten years is shown by the records to be con- siderably below that for the whole state, and the average age at death is higher than in any other county in the state. This last is owing to low average of infant mortality, as since 1867 no death from cholera infantum has been reported. The claim is also made that there is no

crime on the island ; and with the possible exception of some rob- bery, such as pocket-picking, during the summer, the statement is substantially correct. But no one must run away with the idea that because of these facts society here is insipid, that the '•'unco guid^^' with their Pharisaism make the tone of social intercourse, for such an impression would be errone- ous. The people here enjoy themselves in a normal, healthy way- and indulge in their private foibles, while they conduct themselves in a manner befitting their character as cultivated, intelligent people.

In size Martha's Vineyard is one of the largest islands oft' the Atlan- tic coast, being a little more than twenty miles long by nine miles wide in its broadest part, and has sometimes been said to be shaped like a fish's head closely cut oft'. Vineyard Haven Harbor represen- ting the open mouth. This, however, is rather a fanciful imagin- ing, although the figure may con- vey a crude idea of the general

shape. The island is divided into five townships : Edgartown, Tisbury, Chil-

mark, Gay Head, and Cottage City ; the last not being least, though last 94 MARTHA'S VINEYARD. • formed. The whole island, together with the Elizabeth Isles, across Vineyard Sound to the northward, from five to seven miles away, constitutes Dukes County, Massachusetts. The county seat is at Edgartown in the most easterly portion. The majority of the visitors to Martha's Vineyard have for their destination the unique summer resort now known by the corporate name of '• Cottage

City," but which is better known by its original and more appropriate title, '• Oak Bluffs." Although the island has two considerable village communities, Edgartown and Vineyard Haven, and a number of small hamlets, all indigenous

to the country, Cottage City is the Mecca of the summer visitors and is a

community radically different from its neighbors. While the other places are

the homes of the native farmers and fishermen, Cottage Cit\' had its origin in a Methodist camp-meeting, and has developed from and outgrown that begin-

ning until it has become the most unique, self-contained and self-centered sum-

mer community in the country. It is not a summer resort superimposed on a

native community, but is a place that from its origin has been a summer resort and nothing else, and all the connection had with adjoining communities has

only been those of trade or mutual assistance. It is situated on the eastern side

of the island, where the coast is formed by steep sand bluffs, with sandy

beaches at their bases. From this fact, and because the region was and is covered with a growth of dwarf oaks, the place was called Oak Bluffs, and when

this neighborhood and the adjoining localities and its suburbs were set off' as a separate town in iSSo, the name Cottage City was adopted. In getting to the Vineyard the last stage of the journey, no matter from

what region of the country the visitor may have come, is from Wood's Holl,

the southwesterly extremity of Cape Cod peninsula, where there is a good harbor, a terminus of the Old Colony Railroad on the steamboat landing, the handsome buildings of the U. S. Government Fish Commission, a guano works, and on the wooded slopes and coves adjoining the harbor many fine residences picturesquely situated. As the steamer swings out from the wharf, on the east is seen the first and largest of the Elizabeth Islands, Naushon, separated only by a narrow and perilous passage from Wood's Holl. The course is in a southeasterly direction across Vineyard Sound, first j^assing along close to the mainland, and obtaining fine views of the elevated wooded shores. Soon Nobska light is passed on a headland, ^beyond which the coast extends in a grand curve for five or six miles, the semi-circle terminating in a headland crowned with dwellings, but not very clearly distinguishable from the steamer.

This is the Falmouth shore, and the headland just mentioned is Falmouth Heights. The white line of the beach makes a blight and glistening border between the sea and land. The village of Falmouth is a mile or more inside the headland, near the shore, and is provided with a convenient landing. Two miles beyond the headland is Menahant. The steamer then heads across Vine- yard Sound, only five or six miles across at this point, and when we are midway the entire length of this fine ocean highway lies in view southward, with the elevated shores of Martha's Vineyard on one side and the Elizabeth Islands on the other. The first point of the island that the steamer approaches is a wooded MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 95

A View ox Circuit Avenue.

headland with a lighthouse on the outer end in a little clearing. This is the West Chop, and forms the western bastion of Vineyard Haven Harbor, across the wide entrance to which the steamer soon passes, and quickly approaches the East Chop, the eastern bastion of the harbor, also a headland, but treeless,

around which the steamer swings, and then shapes its coui'se parallel with a high, bold, sandy-faced bluft' extending back from the East Chop. On the summit of this bluff and close to its edge aremany cottages, and at the northern

end where the bluff "dips" a wharf juts out, where the steamer makes its first landing. At the head of this wharf, commonly called Highland Wharf,

and sometimes the Baptist landing, is the Highland House, and beyond it the large building in the foreground is the headquarters of the Martha's Vineyard

Summer Institute. The region back of the bluff just passed, is called Vineyard Highlands, where the Baptists have a tabernacle and hold yearly camp-meetings, and from the steamers can be seen the pleasant cottages among the trees. A quarter of a mile further is another wharf, and in the spac^ between the two wharves is a low narrow beach, beyond which is a small fresh-water pond known as Lake Anthony. The wooded and thickly populated region to the

left, and just beyond the further wharf, is Oak Bluffs, which is sepai^ated only by one of the avenues from the Methodist Camp-ground just back of it. This whole place now in view is the far-famed Cottage City. From the deck of the steamer, as we approach, that portion beyond the further wharf makes a strikingly beautiful picture. The towers and minarets of its hotels, and cottages elevated on the bluff and outlined against the western sky, give it an appearance of Oriental splendor and magnificence unequaled anywhere on this continent. Nor is this impression lessened when the visitor goes 96 MARTHA'S VINEYARD.

ashore, as everything' looks bright and new, the

buildings have .a fairy-like character, the streets and avenues are laid out as carefully as if on a magnificent private estate, and are all concreted. At the head of the Oak Blufls Wharf is the Sea View House, seated directly on the bluff, the largest hotel

on the island, and its lower piazza on the seaward side

is made continuous with the wharf. Proceeding up the wharf and past the

hotel, on the right is the Skating Rink, a large commodious building on

the bluft", which on that UNION CHAPEL. side is low. Adjoining- the rink is the summer toboggan slide, which aflords rare treats to the children. On the left we get a good view of Ocean Park, just west of the Sea View, and bordering the bluffs here ; while all around its landward side are the finest residences on Oak Bluffs. The tasteful building on the left is Trinity Episcopal

Church. We soon reach the foot of Circuit Avenue, which is the main street of Cottage City. The first portion of this thoroughfare is lined with stores, offices, and some of the principal hotels, which you will readily discern from their conspicuous signs as you proceed. On the right, after passing the largest buildings on the street, the Arcade is reached, which is a thoroughfare leading underneath the Central House, and is in reality the central place for business. Here in this archway is the post-office, and on the other side, the diverging streets lead to the Camp-ground, and to all manner of intricate ways among the cottages and dwellings. Beyond the Arcade, Circuit Avenue is the way to the beautiful residences on the many streets leading from the bluffs. A tour along the avenues will repay the visitor, although nothing but a map will serve as a guide in finding the way on account of the crooks, curves,

and sinuosities of the streets ; but all roads converge on Circuit Avenue, and lead to the Arcade. All the avenues are concreted, and in the entire place there are over thirty miles of them, the great majority comparatively narrow in the roadway, although the houses are separated in most cases far enough to constitute the avenues wide streets. Few fences separate one property from another, and the whole place consists of innumerable tasteful cottages embowered in the gi'oves, a great many of them frail, airy structures, although in recent years many expensive dwellings in tlie modern Qiieen Anne style have been MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 97

erected. Many of the cottages have wide doors, which are usually open :iiid present to the view of the passers-by bright, artistic, cosy, and home-like inttri- ors. The fairy-like character of the whole scene so engrosses the attention that the stranger does not think of losing the way, and the pleasant avenues, lined with these attractive homes, are only the more beautiful because of their crooks and curves.

The chief portion of Cottage City is the section known as Oak Blufts, which name for some years up until the formation of the town had by common usage been adopted as the title of the entii-e place, but since then, of course, has been confined to its original significance, although many of the residents now believe that it would be a more appropriate and suitable name than the indefi- nite title, Cottage City. This section consists of a moderately high blufl:", extending for half a mile or more along shore, from Lake Anthony on the north, to another shore pond on the south, and is flanked by undulating land to the west, which is now nearly all occupied by the tasteful dwellings already described. The gently rolling surface has been left as nature formed it, and the concrete walks and drives run in graceful curves past the unfenced estates. On the edge of the bluff, from the Sea View House, at the Oak Blufis Wharf, northern end of the bluff, the broad plank walk which extended almost to the pond on the south, affording splendid opportunities for seaside promenades, was swept away last winter by the most furious storm that ever visited the Island, and has be'en replaced by a graded bank which will be sodded and form a beautiful finish to the bluff. Immediately back of this Seaview Avenue leads along the bluft', bordering on which, at the north end, is Ocean Park, of a ha,lf ellipti- cal form, the straight side toward the sea, and the curved side lined with the beautiful residences that give to the place such an appearance of beauty from approaching steamers. Ocean Park is now the subject of litigation. The town refused in the past to accept it from the Oak Blufis Land & Wharf Company, and again refused to purchase it. A sale was then made, and the question of title is now before the courts. But as it has remained an open park for twenty years, and the verbal understanding between the company and the cottage owners to whom the land was sold was to the effect that this space should be preserved as a park, the natural outcome would seem to be that the park should be continued as pub- Baptist Church, Highlands. lic ground. f 98 MARTHA'S VINEYARD.

The chief bathing place is the beach on the water front of Oak Blutis, opposite the centre of population and very convenient of access. Several hundred bathing houses in double rows with a passage between, stand at the foot of the blufl', and are reached from the plank walk along the edge by steps lead-

ing out of the pavilion, which is a large, airy, many-storied structure, conspicuous from the water and from all along shore, and affords a splendid chance for

the observer to watch the bathers. The beach is of smooth sand, and extends

up under the bathing-house. The fashionable hour is about ii A. m., and all classes and conditions then avail themselves of the opportunity to tumble and

splash in the quiet and genial tempered waters. There is no surf, no under- tow, and the bathing is consequently absolutely safe. Just south of the High-

land Wharf is another bathing place, but it is not sopopular as thatatthe Bluffs.

Oak Blurts is well supplied with parks. Besides Ocean Park, already

mentioned, there is Wabau Pai^k, the largest of the number, which is a wide, open space, with trees and grass, extending from Sea View Avenue back to

Naumkeag Avenue, and its extensions, Naushon and Nashawena parks, lead out to Circuit Avenue, the western limit of the settled section. Many others, which it would be tedious to mention, are scattered over Oak Blufls, in fact, more than one-fourth of the area being devoted to those public grounds, and the whole place with the absence of fences looks, and with truth might be said to be, a magnificent summer park. The " Camp-ground," or more properly speaking, Wesleyan Grove, lies

west and north of Circuit Avenue, and is similar in all its essential features to the regioi^just described. Formerly a high fence encircled it, but this has disap-

peared except in a few places where it serves other than its original purpose, consequently the division between Oak Bluffs and the Camp-ground is at present not discernible in any physical demarkation. In the centime of the Camp-ground

is the large iron tabernacle, around which are grassy lawns, and the whole is encircled by an avenue and a horse-railroad, and on the further line of the street are dwellings of the usual character, although a few tents mounted on wooden

frames are still " pitched " in this neighborhood, the sole remnants of the days of yore when all the visitors here dwelt in tents, and church societies had tents in which their members could find lodgings for the night. The next most important locality in Cottage City is Vineyard Highlands,

which is all the region northward from Lake Anthony to the East Chop, and is the highest land along shore. The streets and avenues are not concreted to such an extent as at the Oak Bluft'side, and the dwellings are rather scattering. A fine concreted drive encircles this region, leading along the blurt's past the lighthouse, and so on along the shore of the harbor to Vineyard Haven. On the height overlooking Lake Anthony the Baptist Tabernacle is situated, embowered among the trees. Near the steamboat landing in this section is the Martha's Vineyard Summer Institute, a sort of universal school of science, first established in 1S78. Agassiz Hall, as the building is named, was dedicated July 20, 1882. The annual session of the school begins about the middle of July, and usually continues five weeks. On the east side of Vinevard Haven Harbor, and about a mile across the MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 99

Oak Bliffs Club House.

peninsula from Oak Blufts, is Eastville, a small cluster of houses. Here is the wharf used by the Portland and New York steamers, and the Norris landing, formerly used by the camp-meeting people on their arrival at the Vineyard, though in favorable weather they were often landed on the other side, near the present Oak Blufls Wharf, being set ashore in scows. A fine concreted drive- w^ay now leads all the way over the hill to Eastville.

Following Circuit Avenue until it leads beyond the thickly populated district, we soon come to a hill, and still continuing our journey we reach Lagoon Height overlooking Cottage City from the southwest and bordering to the westward on Lagoon Pond, the upper part of Vineyard Haven Harbor. Here a

fine hotel, the Prospect House, is located. When Oak Blufts began to grow as a popular summer resort after 1S70, the feeling gradually developed among the permanent residents and the summer sojourners that the interest of the commvmity would be best served by having a separate town government. Although defeated for several successive years, finally, by act of the Massachusetts Legislature, February 17, 1880, the town of Edgartown was divided, and a new municipality was incorporated under the name of Cottage City. This includes Wesleyan Gi"ove, or the Methodist Camp- ground, Oak Blufts, Vineyard Highlands, or the Baptist Camp-ground, East- ville, and Lagoon Heights.

For a number of years it has been customary to have an illumination and celebration near the end of the season. As the resort increased in loopulation

the necessity of having this aft'air, which had become one of the settled features

of the place, vmder proper management became apparent, and it was also evident that some attempt should be made to furnish popular amusement and enter-

I loo :vIARTHA'S VINEYARD. tainment under correct auspices. These considerations led to the formation, largely through the efforts of Mr. Charles Strahan, editor of the Martha's Vine- yard Ho-ald, of the Martha's Vineyard Club, which had for its purpose the objects mentioned and also was a means of promoting social harmony and intercourse. Besides this by various means it sought to advertise the advantages of the island to the outside world. The club in iSS8 numbered about five hundred members, including the most prominent of the summer visitors. It was organized July 26, 1886, and was eminently successful in its chosen work, being instrumental in securing many improvements. One of the most noteworthy of these is a fine band-stand on Ocean Park, designed by Mr. M. F. Cummings of Troy, N. Y., who was also the architect of the Oak Blufls Club-house. Dr. H. A. Tucker of Brooklyn was the president, and meetings of the club were usually held at his residence on Ocean Avenue. For the season of 188S the club engaged the Fitchburg Band of twenty-five pieces, and on its invitation- the National Rifles of Washington, D. C, accompanied by the Marine Band, spent two weeks at the Blufls, in July. The New York Yacht Squadron made Vineyard Haven Harbor their rendezvous during the entire summer, and in August raged for a prize offered by the club. The Massachusetts League ot American Wheelmen were so well pleased with the place in 18S7, on account of the great extent of concreted roadways, so well adapted for their vehicles, that they were present in greater force than ever in 1888.

One of the latest but still one of the most important institutions is the Oak Blufls Club, organized in the summer of 1887, and composed of wealthy residents. Its membership is limited to one hundred, the entrance fees ai'e $50, the annual dues $25. The club-house, finished early the past summer, is situated at the corner of Sea View and Ocean avenues facing the park, and is a tasteful red-roofed building composed of two connecting cottages. Its interior appointments are elegant, and it will provide all the comforts and conveniences of a first-class club, with opportunities for the entertainment of friends and guests such as casinoes now afford at other resorts. The question of the establishment of proper schools, the lighting of the streets, the procuring of facilities for putting out fires, were all questions that had important bearings on the movement to form a separate town of this summer community. Since its incorpoiation these necessaiy conveniences have largely been secured. Good schools exist, the avenues are lighted both by gas and electricity, and there is an excellent fire department consisting of one steam fire engine, two chemical engines, two hose carts, one hose wagon and fixtures, and other necessary apparatus, besides a fire-alarm system, while there is a good pumping station and water-works on Lake Anthony for fire purposes. The town has not yet secured a good water supply, but will undoubtedly do so in the near future, either by an independent system, or from the Vineyard Haven Water Company, which has already a fine system in operation. Among its other excellencies this summer city has a newspaper in keeping, for vigor, breeziness, and general character, with the people and the surroundings. This is the Martha's Vineyard Herald^ published every Thursday throughout the year and semi-weekly in summer. The original newspaper MARTHA'S VINEYARD. lOI venture was tlie Camp- Meeting ^^ra/fl^, first published in 1862. In 1S79 Mr. Howes Norris started the Cottage City Star, which, while it was a bright, vivacious, and en- tertaining paper was not a success financially. In the fall of 1 885 Mr. jj Charles Sti^ahan, a south- 1- ern gentleman who had come to the Vineyard broken in health, bought the paper, and has not only made it a success Dr. Tucker's Cottage. financially, but has improved it vastly in all respects, and besides has by its means been instrumental in heralding the attractions of the island far and near as a summer resort. Mr. Strahan on becoming the owner changed the name to Martha's Vineyard Her- ald. In recognition of these efforts of the editor, many resident and business men made up a sum of money to pay for one thousand copies of the paper to be sent to libraries all over the country. This plan was carried out in 1S88 and has no doubt resulted in assisting the development of the island in a great degree. If you want to fish you will find plenty of opportunity at the Vineyard. During the season, at the wharves of either Cottage City, Vineyard Haven, or Edgartown, cat-boats, manned by reliable skippers, can at any time be engaged, and you can go out and indulge in the sport of blue-fishing, which is the most exciting of all that are possible here. Tautog and scup are also caught in the neighboring waters, while from the headlands of the coast at Gay Head or Squib- nocket, on the west end of the island, the enthusiast can throw the line for the striped bass. In the ponds and streams, trout, perch, and pickerel are to

be found if you are willing to take the trouble necessary to get to their abiding places, and have the patience to lure them from their haunts.

Cottage City is well provided for in the matter of houses of worship. In Vineyard Grove, the Iron Tabernacle at the centre of the Camp-ground, the

Trinity Methodist Church near it on Broadway, and Grace Chapel, north of the Narragansett Avenue, whose pulpit church ; in Oak Blufts, the Union Chapel on Baptist Church, corner of is occupied by ministers of all denominations ; the Grove and Pequot Avenues, and the Roman Catholic Church, on Circuit on Vineyard Avenue, and Trinity Episcopal Church near the Sea View House ;

Highland is the Baptist Tabernacle. A horse railroad, commencing at the Baptist landing, passes round between Lake Anthony and Sunset Lake, and makes the circuit of the Methodist Camp- ground. I02 MARTHA'S VINEYARD. • Excursions by steamer to Gay Head are frequent during the summer. The trains run frequently to Edgartown, Katama, and the south shore. Vineyard

Haven can be reached by the early morning boats, by carriage, or if the visitor is a pedestrian, the walking is good, while the concreted driveway affords opportunity for a bicycle ride there, as well as around Cottage City. Not the least of the conveniences of Martha's Vineyard is the narrow gauge railroad from Oak Bluffs Wharf to Edgartown and Katama. The trains start from the wharf, on the south side, run along the beach past the Sea View Hotel, and at the foot of the bluff, passing underneath the bathing pavilion and in between the bathing-houses and the bluff, and then running along near the shore all the way to Edgartown and Katama. Beyond Edgartov/n the road crosses a level plain, and reaches Katama by a sweeping curve. Across the lots a pathway lead-s to the south shore from which a grand outlook ot the surf, the ocean and the surrounding shores is had.

The Vineyard is reached by the New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, or Nan- tucket steamers, either from Wood's HoU or from New Bedford, at which places connections are made with trains on the Old Colony Railroad. Coming from Boston, the usual route is to Wood's Holl, then only necessitating a sail across the sound of six or seven miles to Vineyard Haven or Oak Bluffs. But passengers from Boston, if a longer sail is desirable, can go by way of New Bedford, and all travelers from the west usually take this route. The distance this way is twenty miles, and the time about two hours, calling at Wood's Holl on the way. The outlook from Oak Bluffs on a beautiful summer mornmg is superb. The waves sweep gently on the smooth sands, with a monotonous music that breaks pleasantly and soothingly on the ear. The sun, shining on the smooth and level waters, glints in rays of golden light from portions of apparently polished surface, and a delicate haze, which obscures nothing, rests on the sea. On the broad sound, dotting the waters, are scores of sail, some of them outlined against the distant horizon, where they seem suspended between sky and water, and emblazoned as on a magnificent canvas. The projecting points of land. Cape Cod on the north and Cape Poge on the south, with the white lines of their beaches forming their bonds of union with the sea, stretch out like inclosing fingers of a beneficent omnipotence, calm, still, all-embracing, and protecting.

Martha's Vineyard was first made known to Europeans by Captain Bar- tholomew Gosnold, who discovered it in 1602. He says it was covered with forests, fruit-bearing shrubs, and vines, and it is probable that from the abundance of the latter, and in honor of some lady, he gave it its present name, spelling it " Marthae's Vineyard." The Indian name was Kapawack. In October, 1641, Thomas Mayhew, Gent., and his son, Rev. Thomas Mayhew, Jr., purchased of Sir Fernando Gorges and the Earl of Stirling, through their agents, Nantucket and its adjoining islands, and on the 23d of the same month obtained Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Isles ; and in 1642 began a settlement at Edgartown, then called Great Harbor, a name which it retained till 1671. In 1664 Charles II., by charter, gave to his brother James, MARTHA'S VINEYARD. lO-

Duke of York, all these islands lying between Cape Cod and Narragansett Bay, and so they became municipally a part of New York, until by charter of William and Mary, in 1692, they, with Plymouth Colony, became a portion of the Province of Massa- chusetts. The New York records spell Martha's Vineyard, Mar- tin's Vineyard, a name that also appears more frequently that any other in the Massachusetts records down to 1645, This name was probably given in honor of Captain Martin Pring, who' landed at Vineyard Haven in 1607, built a stockade, and spent the summer in trading with the Indians and collecting sassafras. Trinity Methodist Church, Camp-Groi;m> These islands were also obtained by purchase of the native sachems, who, by Indian law, had the power to dis- pose of lands. The lordship of the islands remained in the Mayhew family from 1 641 to 1 710. The Mayhews were all missionaries, and having learned the Indian language, preached vvith such success and so won the hearts of the natives, that Gookin, who visited the island in 1674, reported six towns of

Christian Indians, and called it " a very beautiful vineyard to the Lord of Hosts." The Indians have now all disappeared, excepting something less than two hundred of them, who are partially miscegenated with negroes, and constitute the township of Gay Head, at the extreme western end of the island. The settlement of Cottage City began with a Methodist camp meeting, held annually in August in VVesleyan Grove, the present Methodist Camp- ground. The first meeting was held in August, 18355 and ahalf-acre of vener- able grove at the southeast of Sunset Lake was procured for the purpose. There were a rough shed for the preachers' stand, a few plank seats, and nine tents, with straw, blankets, and extemporized chairs and tables for furniture. It was held from Monday to Saturday, and there wei-e about a thousand people present. Every year after that the number of attendants, and the facilities, increased, except the year 1845, when the meetings were held at West- port. The tents were situated in a circle around the grove, and the meetings were held under the trees. In 1858 there were 320 tents and 12,000 attendants About 1859 a few residences were erected, and on account of the mildness and evenness of the temperature many families began to make it a home during the summer. In i860 a new organization was effected, with a committee of lay- men, and the name, "Martha's Vineyai'd Camp-Meeting Association" was assumed, and the company was incorporated in 186S. In 1863 hundreds c me I04 MARTHA'S VINEYARD. weeks in advance, the grounds were lighted by street lamps, post-office arrangements were perfected, and despite the war, 10,000 persons were present on Sunday. At the first meeting there were sixty-five conversions, with an attend- ance of 1,000 persons; in 1851 there were 5,000 present and thirty-four conversions; in 1861 and 1S62, out of 10,000 persons present there were thirty conversions. It is thus evident that the social element was gaining ground, and in 1869 the "old camp-meeting ground had become a genuine watering-place," rustication, fishing, bathing, and sailing barely yielding in the attention of the people to the services connected with the meeting. The old oaks at the grove having become by this time so dismantled with age as to aflbrd but an insuffi- cient protection, an awning was drawn over the seats in the circle. In 1877 the Methodist chapel was built on the grounds of the association, a beautiful structure, which accommodates the worshipers when the camp-meeting is not in session, and is the local church. In 1879 the old awning was replaced by the present magnificent iron Tabernacle. This structure, aside from the recess occupied by the pulpit and platform, is 140 feet square. It has a seating capacity of 4,000. Around the Tabernacle still stands a portion of the old grove of oaks, but there are walks, avenues, parks, and grassy lawns in the circle and among the trees. The lots on the camp-ground are leased to the occupants, and the proceeds go for the expenses and improvements. Twenty-five acres are now owned by the association. The year 1867 marks the beginning of an entirely new movement at the Vineyard. In that year the Oak Bluffs Land & Wharf Company was formed, whose definite object was the development of the neighborhood of the Camp-ground as a watering place and a summer resort. The company bought of Captain S. L. Norton seventy-five acres, since increased to 120, lying between the Camp-ground and the sound. Ten thousand dollars were immediately expended in building a wharf and in laying out lots, avenues, and walks. Cot- tages began to spring up as if by magic. In 1870 the Sea View House was completed and eighty feet added to the wharf, giving it a length of 320 feet. The company expended $20,000 in concreting the streets, put out flower-beds in front of cottages, and for ten years policed the grounds at their own expense. They paved Circuit Avenue from Oak Bluffs Whart to the Arcade, built 200 bathing-houses, laid a plank walk 2,800 feet along the bluff" costing another $10,000, which they maintained until 18S0. The Oak Bluffs movement was in charge of men of character, enterprise, and energy, and the new city grew apace. It rapidly became a summer home for people of moderate means, for here were to be found the comfort and most of the advantages, if not the luxury and extravagance, of the more pretentious watering-places. Hosts of people began to come, not only to attend the camp- meeting, but to spend the entire season, while year by year more and more came for the other attractions, with no reference to the meetings at all.

Vineyard Highlands is the northern portion of the place from Lake Anthony to East Chop, and is the highest land in the vincinity. The Vineyard Grove Company, incorporated in 1870, purchased this tract, about two hundred acres, commanding the best views possible of Oak Bluffs, Vineyard Haven and MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 105 harbor, the Elizabeth Isles, Wood's Holl, Falmouth Heights, and a full and unobstructed view of Vineyard Sound, which, with the possible exception of the English Channel, is the greatest thoroughfare for vessels in the world. In laying out this tract the company reserved a large grove for preaching and other religious services, when they should be called for. It was at one time thought that possibly the Methodist Camp-meeting might be removed to the Highlands.

Beach and Lover's Rock, Oak Bluffs, in the Past.

This project, however, was wisely relinquished. In 1869. lots were sold to the value of $13,000, a wharf was commenced, and a road and bridge projected across Meadow Pond to Wesleyan Grove and Oak Bluffs. These being completed, that portion north of the bridge was called Lake Anthony, the other part retaining the old name. Soon the large hotel known as the Highland House was built in close connection with the new wharf, answering to the Sea View House at the Oak Bluffs Wharf. Bathing-houses were soon added, a plank walk was constructed along the beach, and a line of horse-cars established, running from the Highlands Wharf to the Camp-grounds. In 1875 the Vineyard Grove Company sold their interest in the property constituting the Highlands to a new Company, the Baptist Vineyard Associa- tion. The design of the Baptists was, among other things, to establish a camp- meeting particularly their own. This association was legally incorporated in January, 1876. Their first religious meetings had been held in 1875. In the midst of the grove, two or three minutes' walk from the wharf, is the large, circular Baptist Tabernacle, dedicated in 1878, and surrounding it are a large number of tasteful cottages. Fine and attractive cottages, however, are scattered all over the grounds, not only in the grove, but along the bluffs, and in the immediate vicinity of the East Chop Light. The mass-meetings of the Baptists are held usually during the week pre- ceding those of the Methodists. Beside the Tabernacle at the Highlands, they have also a beautiful Baptist Chapel at Oak Bluffs. io6

The Sea View House —Mr. Louis Frenkel, Prop.iietor.

In approaching Cottage City, Martha's Vineyard, the most conspicuous object from the deck of the steamer as it swings in toward the landing, is the Sea View House, a beautiful and tasteful structure seated directly on the bluft at the head of the wharf. The building runs parallel with the shore, thereby affording a splendid sea outlook from every window and from the spacious verandas and balconies. Vineyard Sound with its ever changing panorama of passing vessels is" in full view for many miles of its extent, while beyond to the northward, the shores of Cape Cod are seen, and to the southward are Cape Poge and the shores of Edgartown. The wide and cool piazzas already mentioned on the seaward side, extend all around the house on every side, forming a very pleasant and agreeable prom- enade, and affording a vantage ground for fine views of the beautiful Cottage City as well as of the sea and the beach. The hotel is finely appointed with all requisite conveniences—gas, running water, speaking tubes—all through the house. The drainage and sanitary arrangements are perfect.

The principal bathing beach is just south of the hotel, at the foot of the bluffs, and on the shore are several hundred bathing houses which afford all necessary convenience for the multitudes that daily come here to sport in the waters. Every day, during this season, at eleven o'clock, the popular and fashionable hour of bathing, the Fitchburg band gives a concert. In front of the beach is a tall tower of observation from which spectators can view the ani- mated scene below, or they can go down in front of the bathing houses, and while reclining at their ease on the yielding sands, and shielded from the sun by the shadow of the houses enjoy the varied life going on before them. The Sea View is now under the management of Mr. Louis Frenkel, who has been connected with the hotel for the last ten seasons. The rates are $2.50 to $4.00 per day, or $12.00 to $24.00 per week. MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 107

In 1 87 1, the Island House, on Circuit avenue, was first opened to the public, and was known as the "big Island House," being, although it had but fourteen rooms, one of the largest buildings on the island. It was bought by the present proprietor, Mr. Hiram Hayden, in 1872, and from that date has continually increased both in size and prosperity, until it now has nearly eighty rooms, with comfortable accommoda- Island House — Hiram Hayden, Proprietor. tions for 150 to 200 guests, and has become one of the most popular hotels at the Vineyard.

The house is kept open all the year round for the accommodation of commercial and other travelers, and with its first-class livery stable, and ele. gantly equipped billiard and pool parlors attached, offers unsurpassed induce- ments to the traveling public. The post-office and principal stores are but a step from its doors, and the bathing beach, boat landing, and railroad station, are but a few hundred feet away. The rooms are light and airy, and the table supplied with plenty of the best, making a combination of advantages seldom offered to the tourist.

People visiting Cottage City should not fail to visit the Vineyard Grove House, on Siloam Avenue, kept by Captain Joseph Dias, which is one of the distinctive features of the place, uniting as it does the ancient and modern history of the Vineyard. The proprietor, Captain Dias, is one of the oldest residents, and has witnessed the growth of the place into a summer resort from its former condition as a resort of whalers and fishermen, and he can relate many stories of former days. The Vineyard Grove House is a well-kept hotel, five minutes' walk from the landing, and directly on the line of the horse-cars which connect with every boat. It is only two minutes' from the post-office and principal stores. The table is supplied with the best in the market, the vegetables being raised on the premises and picked fresh every day. The Tabernacle is only a few steps from the doors, and the house is conducted on strictly temperance principles. People wishing to escape the noise and turmoil of the cities will find the Vineyard Grove House the quietest place in the city, and with its excellent accommodations and moderate prices, all that could be desired as a summer residence, although the house is kept open all the year. Connected with the house is a first-class grocery and provision store where may always be found a full line of good things for the table. loS MARTHA'S VINEYARD.

In iS/Owhen Cottage City was known as Vineyard Grove and Oak Blufts, ]Mr. D. W. Russell built a cottage of six rooms, with a dining-room with seating capacity for six people, and commenced to let a few rooms during the season, his guests getting their meals elsewhere. In 1881 after much pressure on the part of his friends, Mr. Russell decided to move the little cottage back on the rear of the large lot, and build another with sixteen rooms and seating capacity for twenty-two people in the dining room. This venture proved such a success that the little house was soon outgrown, and the Ballou Cottage in the rear and containing 1 1 I'ooms was bought and added to the others, giving what was supposed to be ample room. The next season demonstrated its insufficiency ^nd in 18S7 Vine Cottage, on Circuit Avenue, adjoining Oakwood Cottage, ^nd containing twenty-five rooms w^as purchased, and a connection made between the two cottages, and the whole joined in front by an ample piazza extending the whole length, and this consolidated house was thrown open to the public for the first time April ist, 1888, under the name of " The Oakwood." The exterior of the house is embellished with balconies and piazzas, and is painted in straw color, with white trimmings which has a peculiarly cool effect. The house contains 50 rooms with a dining-room capacity of 125, and the table is provided with the best of everything in its season, and it is the intention of

Mr. and Mrs. Russell that it shall be surpassed b}- none on the island.

The Monohansett Cottage is beautifully situated at 150 Circuit Avenue, Cottage City, in the immediate vicinity of the large hotels, and yet away from the crowd. It is one of the largest and most handsomely furnished cottages on the island that are open for the entertainment of guests. The table is supplied with the best the market affords, the rooms, of which there are fifteen, are elegantly furnished and lighted by gas. There is a fine piano in the parlor. The house is only a short walk from the bathing beach. Mrs. J. T. Smith, the proprietress, gives her personal attention to the management, and will furnish table board to a limited number of guests who may have secured rooms in other cottages. VINEYARD HAVEN.

On the w'est shores of Vineyard Haven Harbor, and at its head, is the pleasant village of Vineyard Haven, seated on a hillside rising quite abruptly from the shore. It is only thi^ee miles from Oak Blufls, and a concreted avenue leads the whole distance, first running over the crest of the jDeninsula, then along the shore and over a bridge at the head of the harbor. The drive around the Vineyard Highlands also connects with this road at East\'ille. The road then leads across low flats which divide the harbor from an extensive stretch of water southward, known as the Lagoon, which is bordered by bold blufi's and forest-crowned heights, on which are situated hotels and cottages. A narrow passage spanned by a veritable draw-bridge connects the Lagoon with the harbor.

Vineyard Haven is the chief place in the town of Tisbury, but is of no commercial importance except as a place where the vessels that anchor in the har- MARTHA'S VINEYARD. 109 boi" obtain supplies. Its permanent population is composed of sea-faring people and fishermen ; and there is one important industry, a harness factory, employing eighty hands. It contains some excellent institutions : a United States marine hospital on the shores of the Lagoon, the sailors' free reading - room on Union Bluft', with a well-stocked free library and a good museum, free to all, and besides, a literary association. The village has a Bap- tist, a Methodist, and an Episcopal

Church. One of its land-marks is an old mill near the water's edge. As a summer home the place is yearly becoming more popular, and its general attrac- tiveness and rural appearance, together with the facilities for bathing and fishing in the vicinity, bid fair to make it more and more attractive, as its advantages are discovered.

Vineyard Haven Harbor is the chief haven of refuge for vessels on the North Atlantic Coast, and O is constantly used by the multitude of crafts plying through Vineyard Sound. As many as 160 sail have come in here in a single night, and more than 250 have been counted in the harbor at one time. The number of vessels that shelter here in a year has been estimated by Mr. Ed- ward Lord, reporter for the Associated Press, at 30,000. The haven has, however, one serious defect. It is wide open to the northeast, and consequently fully exposed to storms from that direction, which are among the worst on the New England coast. In 1878, during such a storm, twenty-eight vessels were driven ashore at the head of the harbor. The headlands at the no MARTHA'S VINEYARD. mouth of the harbor, known respectively as the East and West Chops, are wearing away by the action of the waves in easterly storms, and the debris carried by the currents into the harbor forms shoals and has consequently lessened the anchorage area. At the north the harbor is six fathoms deep, and outside the water gradually deepens to twelve fathoms. Inside deep water continues well up to the head of the harbor, where the depth is three and a half fathoms, but a large portion of the width is shoals not available for anchorage purposes. The area within the fifteen foot curves is 949 acres, of which 657 acres are deep water. Nearly the entire amount of commerce engaged in the coasting trade between New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and the West Indies on the south, and the coast of New England north of Cape Cod, as well as the Atlantic ports of the British Provinces, passes through Vineyard and Nantucket sounds.

While the distance is shorter by this route than by the outside route, it is intricate and dangerous, especially in stormy weather, by reason of strong tides and numerous shoals. It is these dangers that make Vineyard Haven Harbor, in spite of its limited area of deep water and exposure to the northeast storms, the most frequented and important on the entire Atlantic Coast. The United States Engineers, after a thorough examination of the hai^bor, and considering its importance in the light of the facts just stated, have recommended the dredging of the entire basin to a depth of fifteen feet, and the building of a breakwater from a point nearly opposite West Chop to a point northeasterly from East Chop, with jetties from either chop, and openings between ends of breakwater and jetties 1,000 feet wide, to allow the free passage of vessels in either direction. The jetties are designed to prevent the wearing away of the Chops. The plan proposes that the jetties and the breakwater be constructed of rip-rap granite. The estimated cost of these improvements is about four million dollars. The effect would be that the harbor would be protected from the northeast storms, its anchorage area would be almost doubled, and the filling up of the upper harbor would be arrested. In the last river and harbor bill $80,000 was appropriated to begin the work. The West Chop Land and Water Company completed a new system of water works, December, 1S87, obtaining the water supply from Tashmoo vSpring, about a mile and a quarter from the centi-e of the village, and near the head of Chappaquonset Pond. In honor of the event a public celebration was held on December 15, beginning with an exhibition of the power of the water from two hydrants. In the evening a musical and literary entertainment was held in Association Hall, and a number of speeches were made by distinguished gentlemen, among whom were Lieutenant-Governor Brackett of Massachusetts. During the evening Mr. O. G. Stanley, who was the originator of the plan for " the water works, was presented by the chairman with a handsome " Howard gold watch and chain, the gift of many of the citizens. The stockholders of the water company are Boston capitalists, and the most prominent are : William

Minot, Jr., Francis Peabody, Jr., Stephen M. Weld, Alexander S. Potter, and F. D. Beaumont. The same capitalists have also purchased a square mile of territory north of the village, around the West Chop Lighthouse, and are MARTHA'S VINEYARD. iii laying out roads, have built a wharf into the sound to the west of the Chop, and have erected a hotel and four cottages which are already let, and private lot owners are preparing to build summer cottages. A steamer has been chartered to run between their wharf and Woods' Holl to connect with all trains on the Old Colony Railroad.

GAY HEAD LIGHT.

THE OLDEST HOUSE IN EDGARTOWN. 112 • MARTHA'S VINEYARD. •EDGARTOWN AND KATAMA.

On a level plain along shore, and fronting on a deep land-locked harbor of great area, is the ancient village of Edgartown. It consists of two streets running parallel with the harbor, and the whole place has an old-fashioned appearance. Many of the dwellings are mansions of imposing size, but in the outskirts the streets are narrow and grass-grown, lined with trees and bordered with low-studded dwellings. Here are the court house, county offices (Edgar- town being the shire town of Duke's County) , also the custom house, a bank, a Congregational, a Methodist, and a Baptist Church, all large, wooden edifices.

The Town Hall is an antiquated-looking structure like a superannuated church.

Edgartown is on the easterly end of the island, six miles south from Cottage

City, from where it is reached either by the railroad or by the beach drive. The railroad also connects with Katama and the south shore, three miles further. The harbor has a pleasing variety of outline, and is connected with

A Glimpse of Edgartown.

Katama Bay, one of the most beautiful bodies of water on the shores of the Vineyard. Comparatively few summer visitors go to Edgartown, although if one wants to go fishing a better place could not be found, and the attractions of the quiet town added to those at Katama and the south beach will amply repay a long or a short sojourn. Edgartown is the largest place on the Vineyard, containing more permanent residents than any other community on the island.

Eastward from Edgartown is Chappaquiddick Island, separated from the main island by Edgartown Harbor and Katama Bay. The channel between these

two bodies of water was filled up by a gale in 1S72 ; the United States government subsequently opened it, but the tides and the storms continually

brought back the sand ; a year or two ago, however, a severe storm re-opened the channel in such a manner that it bids fair to remain an open passage. Chappaquiddick Island belongs to Edgartown, and has as points of interest Union Meeting-house, two Humane houses, Sampson's Hill and Wasque Bluff.

The northeastern extremity of Chappaquiddick is Cape Poge on the extremity of which is a lighthouse. It lies lov/ on the horizon southeasterly from Oak

Bluffs, and by strangers is usually taken for Nantucket. Between the main

I MARTHA'S VINEYARD. '13

portion of the Island and Cape Poge is Cape Poge Pond, which, on its east and west sides, is separated from the waters of the ocean only by low, narrow and sandy ridges of sand. Edgartown was formerly a great whaling port, the rival of New Bedford and Nantucliet in the palmy days of that industry, but although many of her inhabitants made their wealth or acquired the means they are possessed of by following the sea, the place has now no commerce, except some six or seven vessels engaged in whaling and perhaps a like number of coasting craft. Taking the cars of the Martha's Vineyard Railroad at the steamboat landing at Cottage City, passing through Edgartown, running along the shore for eight miles, we are soon carried to Katama,

which is at the extreme ocean side of the Island of Martha's Vineyard, and is most beautifully situated. The hotel, the

Mattakeset, is a very handsome structure of the modern style of architec ture, turretted at one end, erected right

upon the bluft-like shore The Mattakeset.— W. D. Carpenter. with every window commanding grand ocean views. The cottages are well and most substantiallybuilt, with green lawns, and like the hotel afford a fine water outlook. Just opposite

the hotel there is another long, narrow island, with green fields and high blufi' shores, which extends for a long distance almost parallel with the Vineyard, constituting a great natural break water, inclosing a fine harbor called Katama

Bay, and rendering it a perfectly safe water for sailing and bathing. The fish-

ing, too, is excellent. Owing to its advantageous situation at the far seaward angle of Martha's Vineyard, the prevailing summer winds must inevitably im-

mediately strike it fresh from the billows, so Katama justly enjoys the reputation of possessing not only the coolest, but one of the most even summer climates. During the summer of 1SS8, at Katama, the very highest temperature during

the entire summer was only 80 degrees, and but once did it attain that. During ten years the summer temperature has not exceeded 80 degrees. It is most wonderfully even too. The mean daily range for the seasons of '86, '87, and 'S8 was only 4^ degrees. Fogs are rare. There are never any mosquitoes nor flies. The grounds are extensive, reaching from the bay on one side to the other, and there are ample facilities for all out-of-door life. The Mattakeset is the only first-class hotel at the ocean side of Martha's Vineyard. It is conducted by Mr. W. D. Carpenter. 114 MARTHA'S VINEYARD. GAY HEAD.

One of the localities on Martha's Vineyard worth all the trouble of a jour-

ney thither is Gay Head. It is a lofty clift' on the western extremity of the

island, about one hundred and fifty feet in height, and is composed of folded strata of white, red, yellow, blue, black, and green clays. The face of the cliff

is precipitous and burrowed with deep gullies, while at its base is a rocky shore,

and hedges of rocks run out into the ocean underneath the waves from its foot.

On the highest point of the clifl' is the Gay Head Lighthouse, fifty feet in height, with the finest light on the coast — a Fresnel lens, composed of 1,003 prisms, or pieces of purest glass, so arranged as to concentrate the rays at a vast distance, and in a clear atmosphere to show a brighter light at twenty miles than at a less distance. The inhabitants of the region about this headland are of Indian descent. A small wharf now aflTords a landing for steamers, and visitors are allowed to examine the light and house. The opportunity to wander

over the clifls and inspect the variegated color of the clays is an occupation of which visitors never tire.

THE STRANGER'S GUIDE — MARTHA'S VINEYARD.

POINTS OF INTEREST. HOTELS. Sea View House, on bluff at Oak Bluffs Wharf. Lake Anthony, between Oak Bluffs and Vineyard Pawnee House, left side Circuit Avenue. Oiove. Metropolitan Hotel, left side Circuit Avenue. Sunset Iiake, formerly Meadow Pond, west of Lake Hotel Naimikeag, Narragansett Avenue. Autliouy. Highland House, head Highland Wharf. Arcade. Circuit Avenue. Wesley House, Lake Avenue and Commonwealth I'oat Office, in Arcade. Square. Jjittle Wanderers' Home, Kedron Avenue, Vineyard Central House, over Arcade. Circuit Avenue. Hiifhlands. Island House, Circuit Avenu'>. liathiug: Observatory, Sea View Avenue. Prosi>ect House, Lagoon Heights. JiathiuK House, foot of Bluff, Sea View Avenue. The Oakwood. Circuit Avenue. Martha's Vineyard Summer Institute, near Highland Cottage City Houne, Circuit Avenue. "WUarf. Manchester Cottage, Siloam Avenue. 'L'own Hall, Lake Avenue, opposite Lake Anthony, Oak Vineyard Grove House, Siloam Avenue. Bluffs. Ocean View House, Vineyard Highlands. Steam Fire Engine and Fire Apparatus, Town Hall, Lii ke Avenue. Herald Building, Circuit Avenue, nearly opposite BRIEF DIRECTORY TO LOCALITIES Aicade. I'ampmeeting Association Building, corner Trinity ON THE ISLAND. Siiuare and Park, opposite Tabernacle. ,-chool House, School Street. Cottage City, including Oak Bluffs, the Camp Ground, Summer Toboggan Slide, near Skating Kink. Vineyard Highlands, East Chop, Eastville, Lagoon SkatniK Rink, at Oak Bluffs Wharf. Heights. Horse Railroad, from Hifrhlaud Wharf to Camp Ground. Vineyard Haven, chief village in town of Tisbury, Norris Wharf, Eastville. situated on west side Vineyard Haven Harbor. New York Wharf, Eastville. Edgartown, on Edgartowu Harbor, six miles south Oak Bluffs Wharf, Oak Bluff's. from Cottage City. Hif-'hland Wharf, Vineyard Highlands. Katama, two miles south of Edgartown, on the south shore. Cape Poge, easterly from Edgartown. Chappaquiddiok Island, the country eastward beyond Edifartown. PLACES OF WORSHIP. The township ot Tisbury stretches directly across the island, and embraces foiir villages, many coves and In- lets, and a series of great ponds on the south shore. The Methodist Tabernacle, centre Camp Ground. village of West Tisbury is a little to the west of the Trinity Methodist Church, Broadway, on Camp centre of the island, and has an academy and two Ground. churches. Grace Chapel, north of the Methodist Church Camp Chilmark lies next west of Tisbury. Here are found Ground extensive beds of valuable clay, which is utilized for Union Chapel, Narragansett Avenue, near Circuit. making brick, oil cloths, etc. Cliffs are found on the Baptist <;hurch, Pequot Avenue. shore 150 feet high. In the north part of the town is a Trinity E[>iscopal Church, opposite Sea View House. pond of very great depth and seventy feet above the <;atholic Church, Circuit Avenue, on outskirts, beyond sea. thickly settled portions. Gay Head is at the western extremity of the island. Baptist Temple, on Vineyard Highlands. The inhabitants are of Indian descent. FERD. F. FRENCH & CO., (LIMITED.) apRRiasE

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And einbriicing all Late IiiiproveiiieiitH, Approved Novelties, Attractive Desis^nssii and niogt tborougli construction. VICTORIAS. SURREYS AND TRAPS. With increasing demand for novelties, we have made it The improvements in this popular vehicle are worthy of our especial effort to bring out. both In fine aud medium note, and our stock will comprise several weights, adapted grades, an exceptionaly large line of these, both in colors aud to both town and country uses. VICTORIA PHAETONS. NATURAL VTOOD Finish, in which we also have Depot and Station Wagons, We have aud are now linishinK very handsome fashions open and top. In variety of weights. CABRIOLETS, STANDARD STYLES, In Buggies, Rockaways. Broughams, in several sizes. Dogr Which many prefer to the Victoria, are much improved Carts, Phaetons, Etc., which have been prepared by us and over previous seasons, and will rank hig:h in popularity. the best manufacturers of New England with the utmost care. OPEN CABRIOLETS. BROCKETT & TUTTLE CO., An improved and more comfortable form of the popular Of New Haven, whose Road Wagons, Stanhopes, Buggies, Beach Wagon, iu which we have many grades, including pat- Surreys. Phaetons, Etc., have stood in the front rauk for terns not shown by any other firm, while some at popular twenty years, are sold (only) by us in Eastern New England prices are very desirable. at factory prices. INSPECTION INVITED. ALL. ^VORK GUARANTEED AS REPRESENTED. FERD. F. FRENCH & CO., (limited,) 155 Tremont Street, 14 to 22 Sudbury Street, Boston, Mass.

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Itaitturlict.

A SEA-GIRT ISLE — ITS PROBABLE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY—DIMENSIONS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS THE HARBOR THE ABSENCE OF TREES THE FLORA PICTUR- ESqUE BLEAKNESS—MILD TEMPERATURE—NAMES AND DISTRICTS—THE APPROACH TO THE ISLAND BY STEAMER THE APPEARANCE OF THE TOWN AND ITS PECULIARITIES THE RAILROAD—SURFSIDE SIASCONSET—SANKATY HEAD AND LIGHT WAUWINET THE COFFIN SCHOOL—PUBLIC SCHOOLS—THE ATHEN.«UM—NEWSPAPERS—OLD HOUSES —PUBLIC BUILDINGS—CHURCHES—BRANT POINT AND THE LAND CONTROVERSY—THE WHARVES FIRE DISTRICTS THE JAIL —TOWN CRIERS— HISTORICAL NOTES THE WHALE FISHERY— SHEEP RAISING — STRANGERs' GUIDE. Thirty miles south from the outer shores of Cape Cod, and about fifteen miles distant in a southeasterly direction from Martha's Vineyard lies the wave-worn island of Nantucket, a veritable sand heap amid the waste of waters. In no part of the island does the land rise to

lOO feet, the ocean is continu-

ally gnawing at its sandy shores ; and subjected to the influence ofthe conflicting ocean currents,

the sand from its beaches is in some places being carried out into the sea, there forming shoals and bars, while in other places the substance of the sub-

merged land is returned again to the shores of the island,

which is there adv'ancir\g into the ocean. All around the island, but particularly on the south, are extensive shoals, and they extend also in the direction of Martha's Vineyard, making probable the opinion that in the geological ages these islands and the adjacent sea bottoms formed either a large island or a portion of the continent. An old tradition of the Nantucket Ye Olde Mille," Nantucket. iiS NANTUCKET.

Indians was to the effect that their island extended southward twenty miles further than its present limits, and about the extent of the outermost shoals. At present the southeast corner of the island is steadily growling out into the ocean, caused by the accumulation of sand there, forced landward from the shoals, by the meeting of the tides from opposite sides of the island, which as they vary in their rise and fall from one to two hours, rush together here with much force. The expanse of water between Nantucket, Cape Cod, and Mar- tha's Vineyard, is known as Nantucket Sound, and forms the vestibule to the comparatively narrow Vineyard Sound.

There is a remarkable similarity in shape between Cape Cod (almost an island) Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket, in that each terminates on the east in an arm, with distinctly marked elbow and long finger, those of Cape Cod at Chatham and Provincetown, those at Martha's Vineyard at Chappaquiddick Island and Cape Poge, and those of Nantucket at Siasconset and Great Point.

The island of Nantucket is about fifteen miles in length from the "cut-off" at Smith's Point to Siasconset Cliffs, and varies in width from six and a half miles at Siasconset, the widest place, to a stone's throw at either " Point" the width being the same in scarcely any two places. A walk of seventy-five miles, provided you could finish by a single stride across the mouth of the harbor, would give you the entire circuit of the island. The highest point 'is Macy's Hill, in the middle eastern part, ninety-one feet above the sea level. Like Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket has on the south a succession of ponds. These increase in size till you come to Long Pond, near Maddequet Harbor, at the west end, which is three miles long, and reaches nearly aci^oss the island at that point. These ponds abound in fish, and, in many cases, have a valuable stratum of peat underneath.

The line of the shore is remarkably unbroken on the outside from Great Point clear round on the east and south sides to Smith's Point, also on the inner side from Great Point to Eel Point, near Tuckernuck, with the exception of the opening of the harbor. It is also sandy and free from rocks, with the exception of a small reef in Muskeget Channel, and a few scattered ones on the south side of the island and Tuckernuck. The harbor on the north side of the island is seven miles long, averaging one and a quarter in width, and has an area of about one hundred acres of good anchorage, where the depth is from nine to eighteen feet at mean low- water. It extends along the inner edge of the island on the northeast, being separated from the outer waters by a long, narrow, sandy peninsula, called Coatue. The entrance to this long bay is about half a mile wide and lies between Brant Point on the west, a low sandy projection, and the extremity of Coatue peninsula on the east. The town sits on the bluffs southward along shore from Brant Point, and faces directly up the harbor, the anchorage ground being that portion of the entire basin directly in front of the town. At the further extremity, at what is called the Head of the Harbor, a narrow sand bar " is the only separation between it and the ocean, and is called the Haul-over," from the fact that fishermen can bring their boats over, instead of sailing around NANTUCKET.

The Landimg Place, Nantucket.

Great Point. The upper part of the harbor is used only for boats and shallow keels. To reach the harbor from the outer waters it is necessary to pass over the celebrated bar, where there is less than seven feet of water at low tide. Two jetties are now in process of construction by the national government, one from Coatue Peninsula, and one from the shore half a mile outside of Brant

Point, which, when completed, it is believed, will so direct the currents as to keep a clear channel fifteen feet deep at low water.

At present the island is almost destitute of trees. There is scarcely any doubt, however, that at the time of the first settlement forests existed in various sections, if they did not entirely cover its surface, and the probability is that the wood was gradually cut down and used for building or for fuel until none was left. Attempts at arboriculture within recent years have not resulted successfully, either from the fact that the varieties chosen (pines chiefly) have not been adapted to the soil and climate, or else the island is too exposed to the elements, too much swept by the winds, for the trees to obtain a foothold. As a conse- quence, large portions of its surface are bleak, moor-like wastes, and in the widest pai't, north from 'Sconset to the shores of the Head of the Harbor, where the highest land on the island is situated, the surface is formed of low rounded hills, rolling irregularly, and the scene is one of gray desolation. Traveling across this region, when one is at the bottom of some of the deepest valleys, or pockets, as they are in fact, nothing is in sight but the rounded, treeless emi- nences, and if the day is dull the feeling of eerie lonesomeness is similar to what you might experience on the bleakest of the Scottish moors. But notwitli- standing this appearance of bleakness, the soil of the island is prolific, and botanists report that an unusual variety of plants are found here, and a great deal of the land is well adapted to the growth of garden vegetables and small fruits. Indian corn grows luxuriantly, rye, oats and barley do well, and grasses

grow as well as on sandy loams elsewhere. A recent writer says : " Nantucket's beauty is not that of the rugged grandeur of lofty mountains, or the winding panorama of broad streams and sparkling brooks. Hers is rather the beauty of loneliness—a gray spot in a grayer sea. The sea itself is to upon its a mighty charm. There is something broadening to the mind gaze I20 NANTUCKET. tranquil surface, ever widening to the horizon. Anon it rises in maddened might, and dashes impetuously upon the shore, each foaming charger trying to outdo his neighbor in their grand rush for the beach, while all the air is filled with the roaring of their anger. " The island is peculiarly of more even temperature than the neighboring shores of Cape Cod only thirty miles away. Often and often snow on the main

land is rain on Nantucket. This mildness of temperature may in part be accounted for by the fact that the Gulf Stream flows nearer to Nantucket in March than at any other point on the coast north of Hatteras. This fact — the evenness of temperature — is making the island more favorably known as a desirable place of residence, not only in summer, but all the year round. Num- bers of people have come to make their permanent home here on this account. In the summer days people come from all quarters of the land for a breath of cool, invigorating air which always sweeps across Nantucket's plains, and thousands are thus reinvigorated for new labors."

Nantucket is the name of a county, a township, an island, and a town. As a county and a township it is the same, embracing the main island, Tucker- nuck, Muskeget, the two Gravelly Islands, and, when cutofl'by the sea, Smith's Point Island. On the island is the town itself, the village of Siasconset, the summer resorts of Surfside and Wauwinet, and many separately named localities or districts, as Coatue, Squam, Qiiaise, Polpis, North Pasture, Middle Pas- ture, and South Pasture, the Plains, Maddequet, and Great Neck. The only way of getting to the island is by the line of steamers from Wood's Holl or New Bedford, via Martha's Vineyard. A run of about two hours from Oak Blufls will take you across Nantucket Sound. The low land of Muskeget, Tuckernuck, and the western end of Nantucket first comes into view to the southward. Two or three miles from the inouth of the harbor the bar is crossed, and if the tide is out or a fog is on the water the steamer has to proceed very carefully, and will be fortunate if she gets over without scraping bottom. If

the day is clear, as the weather usually is in the summer, from the steamer approaching the land the most conspicuous feature is the high bluffs to the right along shore, on which are perched numbers <)f fine summer residences. Soon the steamer passes on the right the end of the jetty, a line of huge stones piled upon each other in a confused jumble, and which on that account offer better resistance to the waves than if they were built up in regular courses of masonry.

Directly in front is the mouth of the harbor. On the right is Brant Point, a low, sandy promontory, with a lighthouse, a large hotel, and several cottages on its extremity. The hotel is the Nantucket, one of the largest on the island, and

it, as well as the cottages, look, metaphorically speaking, as if they had their feet in the water, or would have at the next high-tide. Opposite, across the entrance from Brant Point, we notice another jetty built out from the shore, similar in construction to the one close to which the steamer passed, but not so lengthy. Passing between the point, the town of Nantucket lies in full view before us, presenting the appearance of a considerable place, nay, looking like a small city. It rises up clearly defined from the water's edge, seemingly on a hillside, but in reality on bluffs, faced by lowlands on the water front, which fact gives it j

NANTUCKET.

a terraced-like appearance. For more than a mile the town extends along the shores of the harbor. On the heights a number of large churches, several with fine spires, and other large buildings, hotels, and schools, tower above and through the trees. The two most conspicuous objects are the towers of the North and South chuiches, from either of which extensive views of the town and vicinity can be obtained. Jutting out into the harbor are a number of wharves, at which are moored many sail- boats, small yachts, some coasting vessels, and several small steamers. At the nearest one our steamer comes alongside, and very soon we set foot on the island of Nantucket.

The fact of its isolation so far out in the sea, and the comparatively bleak appearance of the island, leads the stranger to expect nothing more than an ordinary fishing village, but as he walks up the street he finds instead, a city in appearance, of rather an old-fash-

ioned character, it is true, but with paved streets, well shaded with fine trees, lined with substantial business buildings and residences, lighted with gas and supplied with pure water led in from a beautiful little pond two miles back in the

country. The town is, as nearly as possible, the centre of the island. The chief streets are paved with cobble stones, and the side-walks with concrete or large flags. Many of the houses have a spacious and aristocratic air, evidently having been planned by sea-captains who desired to compensate themselves for their confined quarters on ship-board by a proportionate extension of their domain on land. The Grecian temple is the favorite style of architecture for the larger houses. A little oft' from the principal streets, and especially in the

9 122 • NANTUCKET. older parts of the t^wn, the houses are chiefly unpainted, and are shingled all over. Many of them have look-outs or "walks" on their roofs, from which the occupants can overlook the town, the island, and the waters. Some are adorned with vanes, a whale, or some kind offish, being the favorite emblem. Fine trees abound on the streets, and these, with fruitful grape-vines, make attractive the gardens and grounds. From the steamboat landing the traveler proceeds up a long wharf, and emerges on Broad Street, which well merits its name : a short square-like space, lined with fine trees, and bordered with large mansion houses. At the head of the street on the left is seen a large brick building, the Ocean House, one of the chief hotels. Halfway up Broad let us turn into Federal Street, leading out to the right, midway along wdiich, on our left, we pass the Athenagum, a church- like edifice, and one of the chief institutions of Nantucket. A few steps further bring us out on the " Square, "the lower part of Main Street. It is a wide space, about an eighth of a mile in length, is lined on both sides with stores—the life and business of the town centres here ; at the foot is the Custom House, midway is the Post-Office, the banks, and the newspapers look out upon it, and last but not least, it is the scene of the auctions and the stamping ground of the town criers. The buildings bordering this space are, many of them, substantial in character. At the head of the square is the Pacific Bank building, while the Custom House, with the United States Signal Service apparatus on its I'oof, is

conspicuous at its foot. The Square is well paved, is lined with trees, all the

principal streets in the town run out of it, and it leads up a gentle incline from the Custom House. Main Street continues westward out of the Square, and at a distance of less than a quarter of a mile Monument Square is reached, the junction of Main, Gardner, and Milk streets, in the centre of which is the Soldiers' Monument. From the Square ujo to the monument, the street is lined with mansion houses of imposing size and substantial appearance, and some very large trees shade the street, larger by far than one would expect from the general treeless character of the island. Midway up, on Winter Street, running from Main on the right,

is the Coffin School, a substantial brick building. One of the chief attractions of the old town is the South Church Tower, not

so much for itself as for the view to be obtained from it. Here spread out before you arc charming and magnificent views of sea, harbor, and shore, the old houses of the town, the broad substantial mansions of fifty years ago, with the lighter and more fanciful ones of modern construction. The numerous fishing and pleasure boats and yawls that gather about the wharves, buildings now unused that were connected with the industries of the whale fishery, the railroad winding across the meadows, the steamers coming from or going to the Vine- yard, the daily line of pleasure boats skimming the harbor to Wauwinet — all this moving panorama, especially if the da}^ is clear, will repay you a hundred times for your visit and the climb up the stairs. This tower was constructed in 1795, and the bell hung in 1800. If you wish to know the history of the bell you will find it in good print in a frame on the stairway, and any of the town criers, who may be found in their rooms in this tower, will gladly NANTUCKET. 123

inform you in regard to any mooted point. The tow*er is usually open and is free to the public, although a small gratuity to the care-taker is usually customary. All the principal buildings can be easily discerned from this outlook.

is Northward the squai^e tower of the Congregational Church ; near it a little to the westward is the bulk of the High School ; eastward are the Veranda and

Springfield houses, two of the largest of the hotels. To the northeast is Brant

Point, with its lighthouse, cottages, and hotel, while between it and the observer are all the wharves and the harbor, the whole very sharply defined. Stretching away in the distance is the long harbor and its natural breakwater, the peninsula of Coatue, every curve and sinuosity of its shores clearly discernible. West- ward and southward is the principal part of the old town, almost due south, the old wind-mill being a conspicuous object, while beyond, in the outskirts, are seen the various graveyards, and further away, the low hills and glimpses of the ponds in the western portion of the island. A very conspicuous object to the northwest is the standpipe of the water-works. In walking about Nantucket town the visitor will observe that the elevations are bluffs with their faces toward the sea, instead of hills with gradual slopes, and that in general their character has been preserved except in the central portion around the Square and its neighborhood. Orange Street, leading out of the upper part of the Square southerly runs along the edge of a bluft' for half a mile or more, the streets and houses easterly from it being on low land from the base of the bluft' to the water's edge. A similar but higher clift' or bluff extends northward from the town, and is the principal location of the expensive summer residences, as it overlooks the sea and the entrance to the harbor, is separated from the shore by low flats terminating in Brant Point, and known as Sherburne Heights.

Of course one of the chief attractions of Nantucket is the sea bathing. In a sort of a cove just north of the steamboat landing is one of the beaches, known as the "Clean Shore." Here are extensive bathing-houses with all necessary facilities, and if you want a warm salt water batli, bv paving a smnll sum vou

On the Beach at Nantucket. 134 NANTUCKET. will be accommodated. 'On the low shore running out from the base of Sher- burne Bluffs and inside the land end of the breakwater Is the most popular bathing place. Here there are several extensive bathing establishments where can be found all suitable conveniences at a small charge. As this place is half a mile or more away from the central portion of the town, a small steamer plies from one of the wharves, and public carriages also run there from the Square, charging a small fare. At neither of these two places is there any surf, but the beach is smooth, level, and perfectly safe. Surf bathing with all its dangers and excitements can be enjoyed to the fullest extent either at 'Sconset or Wauwinet. Besides these public bathing places, many of the residents on Sherburne Heights have private bathing-houses on the beach opposite their estates. Sir Isaac Coffin, a native of Boston, but a descendant of the Nantucket family of that name, and who had risen to the rank of admiral in the British navy, visited Nantucket in 1826 and gave the sum of $2,^00 to establish a school for the benefit of the Coffins and their descendants. The school fund at present amounts to $50,000. The school was established in 1827, the present building on Winter Street was erected in 1852. Besides those for whom it is designed all are now admitted on payment of a small fee. Public schools were first established in Nantucket through the instrumen- tality of S. H. Jenks, editor of the Inquirer. Indeed, it was at his suggestion that Admiral Coffin established the Coffin school. The present efficient High School was opened in 1838. The building is situated on Academy Hill, at the head of and facing Gay Street, and accommodates beside the High School, a grammar and intermediate department of two grades each, and also a primary school. In the Town building on Orange Street there are two schools, an intermediate and a primary. At each of the suburban villages, 'Sconset, Polpis, Madasket, and Tuckernuck, there is one school. The Athenaeum, one of the chief institutions, and one that every stranger should visit, was incorporated in 1834, and a suitable building erected, into which were gathered specimens of most of the wonders of the world, and curiosities such as the world-cruising Nantucketers alone could collect. The great fire of

1846 destroyed it, together with about a million dollars' worth of other property. It was, however, rebuilt in 1846-7, opened in 1847, and the present library of 8,000 volumes and the present museum began to form. The building, which is of the Grecian style of architecture, is on Lower Pearl Street, corner of Federal two minutes' walk from the steamboat landing. The upper part is a public hall for lectures, concerts, and exhibitions, while on the lower floor are the library and museum. The curiosities of the museum are chiefly of a sea-faring character, and it is especially rich in materials relating to the whale and whale-fishery.

It is open every day from about 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., a small fee is charged, and the wonders are well explained by the obliging curator. The library is available to summer visitors at a slight charge. It is open every afternoon from May

20 to September 20, from 2 to 5 p. m. ; during the remainder of the year it is open every Wednesday and Saturday afternoon, at the same hour, and every Saturday evening in the year from 6 to 9 p. m., The table is supplied with all the leading magazines of the day. NANTUCKET. 125

Although the island has a population of less than four thousand, two newspapers are published, of which the oldest, the Inquire}- and Mirror^ dates back to 1831, and is now a live weekly newspaper published by Roland B. Hus- sey. The other paper, the Nantucket yourna/, published by A. H Gardner, •was started in 1S78. Both papers derive much of their support from the circu- dation they obtain from the summer visitors and from absent natives of the island.

There are many old houses in the town that will afford an antiquar}' all desirable scope for research into the history of the past. On the outskirts on Uriah Gardner Hill, so called, reached by going up West Centre Street, at the

A Wreck on the South Shore, Nantucket. top of a bluffs, a little distance from the road, is the " oldest house." It was built in 1686, fronting due south, according to the custom of the times, and guarded against witches by a horseshoe of bricks let into the chimney. The claims of this edifice to be the oldest house are disputed, but such controversies are only of interest to the delvers in local history. The principal public buildings are the Town House, on Orange street, the Custom House, foot of Main Street Square, the Pacific National Bank, head of Main Street Square, the Nantucket Institution for Savings, near the head of the Square. The large asylum, with its farm grounds, is on the outskirts at the south of the harbor, on the left of the road leading to Siasconset.

The old town is well supplied with churches. Standing on Orange Street, on the highest point in the central part of the town is the Unitarian Church, whose high tower is the most conspicuous edifice to meet the eye from the harbor or adjacent shores. The church and tower were erected in 1809. Near the head of the square, on Centre Street, is the Methodist Church, a large street is structure in the Corinthian style ; further down the same one of the meeting-houses of the Society of Friends, while still further along Centre Street, perched on an elevated site, is the First Congregational Church, which has a large square tower, from where also excellent views maybe obtained. On Fair

Street is another Friends' Meeting-House ; corner of Summer Street and

is Trader's Lane Is the Baptist Church ; on Fair Street the Episcopal Church ; 126 NANTUCKET.

on Federal Street is a small Catholic Church, and on Pleasant Street, near

Cooper, is a building formerly used by the colored Baptists. A stroll around the water front will bring up before the visitor a vivid idea of the departed 'glories of Nantucket as a whaling port. Reaching out into the harbor eight hundred or a thousand feet are five wharves, all but one in a more or less decayed condition, while the intervening docks where the staunch whale-ships formerly floated are now filled up with sand, leaving only water enough in most places for small vessels.

The old town is divided into six fire districts : No. i is north of Main and west of Centre Street; No. 2 is north of Main and east of Centime Street; No.

3 is south of Main and east of Orange ; No. 4 is south of Main and west of

is ; is Orange ; No. 6 the Square and vicinity No. S the outlying territory. A watchman is always stationed in the tower of the Unitarian Church, and he gives alarms of fire by strokes on the bell, there indicating the location by the number of strokes. The fire apparatus consists of hand engines, but the supply

of water is excellent, and the 'head of water is suflfiicient to reach any elevation in the town. An excellent system of water works was put in operation in 1S79 by the

Wannacomet Water Company. The water is obtained from a pond, eight acres in extent, two miles westward from the town, on the north shore of the

island. The water is pumped from the pond into an iron tank, whose top is forty-two feet from the ground and 144 feet above mean low water. This tank is one of the first objects seen when approaching Nantucket in the steamer.

Service-pipes extend over about two-thirds of the town, and the water is supplied to each family at the rate of $S.oo per year. One of the institutions of Nantucket, for which in the past there has not been much use, is the jail. It is an ordinary looking wooden building, which would not hold an ingenious criminal very long if he had a strong wish to get " " out ; but there would be little use in breaking jail here, because it would be

so difficult to get ofi' the island afterwards.

One of the amusing features of life at Nantucket is the survival of the old custom of disseminating news or making public or business announcements by

•iHE NANTUCKET. 127

A Shore Scene, 'Sconset, NAXxucKiiT. a town crier, who promenades the chief streets, ringing a bell, tooting on a fish horn, and bawling at the top of his voice the subject matter of his announce- ment, but usually with such thickness of utterance and volume of sound that unless you follow him up it \yould be hard to discover what all the uproar is about. Thei^e are three of these functionaries, and happily for the welfare of the summer visitors not more than one breaks loose at a time. Another peculiar feature of business life on the island is the prevalence of auctions, usually held on the Square, and which deal with all kinds of commodities, " meat auction " being especially popular. These auctions are the fav^orite announcements of the town criers. The bell of the South Church is rung every day by " the watch," who is usually one of the town criers, at 7 A. m., 12 m., and 9 p. M., the last indicating to the towns-people that bed time has come, and its admonition at all times of the year except in summer is observed implicitly. During the summer season there are two boats a day, connecting with the Vineyard, Wood's Holl, New Bedford, and Boston. The once busy and famous wharves, beginning at the south, are Commercial, South, Straight, Old North, and New North. The boats land at the last named. From the earliest times the people of Nantucket have largely depended on sheep-raising as the most effectual means of securing the scanty products of the soil. During the time of business prosperity thousands of sheep dotted the hills and plains and roamed at their own sweet will over pretty much the whole island. In the month of June the sheep were gathered on Miacomet Plain, east of the pond, to be sheared. On that day all other business was suspended, and, early though it was in tlie season, the great harvest of the year was gathered. But sheep-raising as a business, in Nantucket, has had one, and one only, successful rival, namely, whaling. I2S NANTUCKET.

No people in the world achieved so high a reputation for ability and success in the whaling business as the sailors of Nantucket. The island has been called and for a long period was indeed, the " home of the whale-fishery." Whales, at first, abounded in the waters all about Nantucket, but the earliest settlers did not know how to catch them. This state of things continued till, one day in the year 1668, a whale, by coming into the haibor, so plainly " offered himself" that the inhabitants determined to take him in, if possible. They accordingly extemporized a harpoon, and sailed forth to the attack. The contest was sharp and decisive, and the whale himself was soon drawn, flukes up, to the shore. Shore whaling ceased about 1765? having been followed for nearly a hundred years. The whales caught from the shore were all right whales, otherwise sometimes called Greenland whales, yet paradoxical as it may seem, they were the wrong whales after all, for they are decidedly inferior, both in size and value, to the sperm whales.

In 1 71 2, Captain Christopher Hussey, while cruising for whales, was for- tunately blown out to sea by a gale, and there captured the first sperm whale.

This gave new impetus to the business, and from that time vessels, at first of about thirty tons, but afterwards of vastly larger size, were fitted out and voyages wei'e greatly extended. In 1775 there were 150 whalers from Nantucket, manned by some 2,500 seamen, out of a population of 4,500 whites. In 1791 the first whaling-vessel went from the island to the Pacific. This vessel was the Beaver^ and was the first American whaler to enter the Pacific. She returned February, 1793, with 1,300 barrels of oil. In one way or another, during and on account of the Revolutionary War, 1,600 Nantucketers lost their lives, and the 150 vessels before the war were at its conclusion reduced to two. The business afterward quickly revived, however, though not to its former extent. Just previous to the War of 1S12 there were forty ships in the business, which at the close of the war were reduced to twenty. In 1840 these had increased again to seventy, and the business involved a capital of $9,000,000, the population in that year being 9,712. There were at this time in Nantucket five long wharves, ten rope-walks, and thirty-six candle factories, with sail-lofts, cooper-shops, boat-shops, and blacksmith-shops, such as would naturally accompany the other activities.

In 1 84 1 there were about one hundred ships employed, manned by four thousand men, of which one thousand, the ofiicers, the best seamen and the cajDtains, were Nantucketers. But other whaling ports were growing in importance, and the great fall in prices in ^1842 and 1843, the great fire of 1846, and the taking away of man}^ of the most energetic of the young men in 18-^9 by the discovery of gold in California, all helped along the decadence of the business in Nantucket, which gradually dwindled until in 1870 the last vessel sailed from the port. The earliest settlement on Nantucket Island was made at Maddequet Har- bor, by Thomas Macy, in 1659. The island then belonged to New York, and

continued so till 1693, when it was ceded to Massachusetts, at the requestofthe j^roprietors. In 1672, according to Ewer's map. the site of the town and the name were removed from Maddequet Harbor to Wesco, its present location. NANTUCKET. 129

Among the Breakers at 'Sconset.

In 1673, by order of Gov. Francis Lovelace, of New York, the town was incorporated as Sherburne. Wesco signified " white stone," and the Indians so called the place from such a stone which lay on the harbor shore, but which was afterwards covered by a wharf. For more than a hundred and twenty years, or till 1795, the present town of Nantucket was called Sherburne. In that year the name was changed. In 1663 there were about fifteen hundred Indians on the island. For the hundred years succeeding the settlement of the island by Macy and others in 1659, the Indians steadily decreased, ^iH? in 1763, there were but 35S. That year a " plague" swept oft' 222 of these, leaving but 136 in all on the island. In 1795 there were but three wigwams remaining. These were at Squam. In 1822 tne last full-blooded Indian died, and in 1S54, at the age of eighty-two, the last who was possessed of an}^ Indian blood. This was Abram Quarry, who lived at Shimmo, on the other side of the harbor from the town. There is a fine oil painting of him in the Athenaeum showing him at his home there. It will be interesting to the visitor to look upon the sites of the Indian churches, school-houses, and burying-places, which the inhabitants are still I30 NANTUCKET. able to point out. Their first preachers came from the Vineyard, having been instructed there by the Mayhews. They read in Eliot's Indian Bible (the New Testament), and sang in their own language the Psalms of David. There have been three notable fires in Narftucket — in 1S36, 1S38, and 1S46. That of July 13 and 14, 1846, destroyed wharves, stores, factories, shops, and dwellings valued at $1,000,000. The larger whale-ships were lifted over this bar by means of what were called " camels," contrived by Peter F. Ewer, a perfect model of which may now be seen at the AthensBum. They consisted of two immense, flat, shallow, water-tight structures, made to fit the ship in its whole length, one on each side. These were floated out to the ship, and when placed on either side, by letting the water into them were sunk to their decks. They were then lashed tightly to the ship and the water was pumped out. As they rose they took the ship with them, and carried her over the bar. The first lighthouse was erected on Brant Point in 1746, and was the first in the United States ; it was burnt in 1759; the second was blown down in 1774; the third was burnt In 1783; the fourth was merely a wooden-framed lantern between two spars ; the fifth blew down. Until 1791 this light-house was maintained by private enterprise, but in that year the government assumed the responsibility, and has since maintained the light-house and renewed the building as occasion demanded. 'SCONSET AND THE SOUTH SHORE.

As soon as the stranger lands on the island he will notice on the steamboat wharf the station of the Nantucket Railroad. This Is a narrow-gauge track and runs across the island to the south shore, and then along the shore easterly to the village of Siasconet, a distance In all of about nine inlles. It was built In 1880 as far as Surfslde on the south shore, and in 1884 was extended to Siasconset. No visit to Nantucket is complete without a trip on this road. On the way out it leads along the lower part of the town on the water front, aflbrding views of many of the quaint old houses. Beyond the town the agricultural grounds are passed on the left. About half-way over is an old Indian burying-

ground and also the site of one of their villages ; near the shore, on the right, Is the site of the old sheep pens. At Surfslde Is the depot, 100 feet long, with piazza the whole length of the north and south sides. About twenty rods west of the depot is the LIfe-vSavIng Station. Here, for eight months of the year, men nightly patrol the beach for three miles each way. A little further west is a cluster of cabins and store-houses belonging to fishermen, where they house their boats and fishing gear, and store their cod. Near by Is Weeweeder Pond, and three-fourths of a mile still further west the long Miacomet Pond, stretching a third of the way across the Island, on the shores of which the sheep were shorn in by-gone days. After passing Surfside the road runs within a few feet of the shore for six miles, aflbrding a continuous view of the magnificent surf always breaking upon the coast, while out at sea the white foam curling over the " rips" or exposed shoals adds much to the effect. At the end of the line the village of Siasconset Is reached, or as it is usually written and spoken, 'Sconset. NANTUCKET. 131

Fred. Parker, the Hermit ok Qljidnit, Nantucket.

It consists of a collection of about fifty diminutive cottages on the summit of a high bluff overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. They are grouped close together, arranged along short, narrow by-ways, with pretentious names as streets, and are all so small that the ridge-poles are only ten or twelve feet from the ground, while the eaves are only four or five feet in height. Like the houses in the town they are shingled all over. The effect is that of a community of dwarf houses, and everything is in keeping with the idea. The village had its origin about two hundred years ago, the first houses being built as shelters for the fishermen from the town, and then gradually developed into permanent abodes. The squat, low-seated form of the houses was probably adopted as affording less resistance to the strong winds that often prevail here, and against which no natural shelter was afforded. Internally the houses are fitted up with a close resemblance to ships. Since 1S80 the place has come into prominence as a summer resort, and a number of residences much in contrast -to the ancient dwellings have been erected in the vicinity. A few of these have been modeled after the old houses, but the majority are modern structures. The excellent sea-bathing here is one of the decided charms of the place, while sea-fishing, which is the every-day business of the native inhabitant, is the great sport of the summer visitor. OTHER INTERESTING LOCALITIES.

A mile and a half along the bluff' northward from Siasconset is Sankaty Head, the easternmost point of the island, the spot first seen by Gosnold in 1602, itself eighty-five feet above the sea, and holding a light sixty-five feet above the bluff'. This light, established in 1S49, throws its saving flood of illuminating 132 NANTUCKET. rays far out over the waters in a flash of ten seconds in each minute, giving a steady light the remaining fifty seconds It is cared for with the most painstaking diligence, as becomes its important position. The keeper, with all patience and courtesy, will point out to you, as he has done to thousands before you, the interesting features of the station, and the views of land and sea, never failing in their interest and charm. * A mile' north of Sankaty Head you come to Sesacacha Pond, which is indeed a very considerable lake. On the southeastern shore of the pond is the site of the old village of Sesacacha, called " Sacacha" for short, which was built in 1676. It continued till 1820, when its last remaining houses were removed to Siasconset. Just above the pond is the fishing-station of Quidnit. Here formerly lived, and in 18S0 died, the hermit, Fred. Parker, for many years a noted character on the island, and who, though self-secluded from the world, yet enjoyed reading the news of the day, and welcomed the visits of strangers.

Two miles further to the north is Wauwinet, at the head of the harbor on the west, and by the shore of the ocean on the east. This is, for Nantucket, the chief place of picnics — in other words, the squantum resort of the island, " squantum " being the vernacular for a picnic, generally understood, however, to include a clam-bake as one of the essentials. Here are a few seaside cottages, all commanding most charming views of land and sea. Pleasure-seekers gather here in summer from the town and other parts of the island, coming, some by land through Polpis, the best farming region of the island, and Squam, a little neighborhood of farms and houses, or by boats running up through the shoal waters of the harbor. A little steamer, the Island Belle^ runs regularly during the summer season. A little beyond Wauwinet is the Haul-over, where the harbor and the open sea approach so near that boats not too large may be drawn over, and thus save the circuit of Great Point.

North of the Head of the Harbor is Coskata Pond, and the triangle of land called Coskata, the upper angle of which merges* in the narrow neck called

Nauma, at whose extreme point is Great Point Lighthouse. This light was established in 1784, and from the vast and dangerous shoals and narrow coast in its vicinity has its perpetual and indisputable raisoti d'etre. Coatue, the long and narrow stretch of sandy land between the harbor and the sound, has a very smooth and regular beach all the way on the sound side, NANTUCKET. 133 but on the harbor side is indented by six great harbor waves, making as many distinct points jutting out into the bay, with great curve-sweeps intervening.

These points, beginning nearest the town, are : First, or Bogue Point, Second Point, Third Point, Five-fingered Point, Bass Point, and Wyer's Point, the last being very nearly opposite the Haul-over. The principal places of interest in the eastern part of the island, aside from the long, fish-abounding ponds, are the cemeteries of the North Congregational Societ}' ; near by is the farm where the mother of Benjamin Franklin was brought up, and where may still be seen traces of the spring from which she used to draw water ; Tuckernuck Island with its green pastures, a favorite place for picnics and short sailing trips ; Smith's Point, sometimes cut off by the sea and made a separate island ; and Napque, on the main island, back of Tuckernuck, where the Indians landed when they came from the Vineyard. The island is nearly completely severed by Long Pond, then the same thing is repeated two miles east by that remarkable succession of ponds, Hummock, Waquinquaib, Maxcy's, Washing, and Capaum, and the ponds of the whole island, almost without exception, lie from northeast to southwest.

The south shore of Nantucket, directly across the island from the town, is known as Surfside. The Nantucket railroad reaches Surfside proper after a run across the island of about three miles. The name, however, applies not only to the locality in the immediate vicinity of the hotel and railroad station,, but to the shore for a distance of three or four miles eastward. The railroad runs along the shore from Surfside to 'Sconset, a distance of six miles. " Surf- side " is very properly called, and is by far the wildest and most captivating piece of shore in these latitudes. Newpoi't hasn't a beach worth mentioning in comparison, and Coney Island, Long Branch, Manhattan Beach, and all the other famed coasts sink into insignificance before this wild and wind-blown line of bluffs, and this pretty stretch of illimitable sand, where the heaving waves of the wide Atlantic roll in an endless surge, and the white-capped breakers dash in foam at our feet. Within a few years, this splendid line of beach and bluffs will probably become the summer resort of crowds who ai'e now content with far more common-place and less attractive quarters during the heated term. There is a life-saving station on the beach, and there is health, ozone and appetite for every one who chooses to cross the island and spend a few weeks by the ever-surging sea. Nantucket has long been known as one of the most fashionable family summer resorts of America, it being, according to statistics, the healthiest and coolest in New England. During the summer months it has a population of from 15,000 to 20,000 inhabitants, with churches, schools, public library, running water, gas, and all modern improvements ; also some of the finest hotels and cottages on the coast, two mails daily and is connected with mainland by cable. Hunting, fishing, yachting, boating, and bathing are a few of the many attractions. The Nantucket railroad passes through the entire length of this company's property, on which there is a hotel of sixty-five rooms and several cot- 134 NANTUCKET. tages, with a main boulevard, one hundred feet wide, leading from the centre of the town of Nantucket to the trotting park.

This locality is now controlled b}'^ the Surf-Side Land Company, with headquarters at 46 School Street, Boston. The company have laid out the land and

offer it for sale on easy terms. The situation is high, dry, and level, and most of the lots are located within a half mile of the finest beach in the United vStates, and adjoining lots that have been sold for two hundred dollars each. If you desire to take a vacation this summer, purchase one or more of these lots and build your cottage, thereby saving hotel bills, and you can return each summer to enjoy your vacation in your own way. The titles to this property have been examined and are guaranteed by the Massachusetts Title Insurance Com- pany, Boston. The Old Colony Railroad advertises excursion rates from May

I to November i. For investment or speculation this is an opportunity seldom offered. Agents wanted in all cities east and west. For maps, circulars, and other information, call or address, Nantucket Surf-Side Land Company, 46 School Street, Boston, Mass. One hundred lots free to builders this season.

In the quaint old town of Nantucket, replete as it is -vVith the relics and memories of the days when our whaling ships were numerous in every sea, and where may be found more completely than in any other point on our coast, if not in the world, that repose and quiet which are so eagerly sought and so rarely found by the tired brain-workers from office and school, a short distance back from the landing of the steamer from New Bedford and the terminus of the Nantucket railway, and just sufficiently removed from the main street to com-

pletely escape its noise and bustle, is the Veranda House, conducted by Mrs. S. G. Davenport, a large home-like hotel, which by its admirable location, situated

as it is on the high land overlooking the harbor, and the unvarying courtesy of thepresent management, has become a favorite sojourning place for numerous people who have discovered that they may there enjoy the invigorating sea breezes, the luxury of the bathing-beach, the conveniences of a first-class hotel, and the comforts of a home, and that at a price which brings it within the reach of people of moderate means, who desire the needed rest or recreation. The house

is charmingly situated on a hillside, and from its roomy verandas which extend around three sides on each story, may be had beautiful views of the harbor with

its breakwater and shipping, the ocean beyond, and nearly all of the islands, and where a cool breeze and welcome shade may always be found, with easy chairs and hammocks for rest and comfort to the overworked and the suffering victim of nerves. The pleasant airy rooms, supplied with tasteful furniture and comfortable beds, perfect sanitary arrangements and a table plentifully supplied with the best in the market, combine to render the Veranda House all that could be desired as a summer home. The house contains eighty rooms and can accommodate 150 guests. NANTUCKET. 135

Among the institu-

tions which have assisted in making Nantucket one of the most noted of summer resorts, none have done more than the Springfield House with its annexes, which vmder the efiicient management of the present proprietor, Mr. Charles H. Mowry, has attracted guests from nearly every state in the

Union. The house is supplied with all the conveniences expected in a first- class hotel. Steam heat, electric bells, closets with running water on each floor , and from the windows of its large and airy rooms, a fine view of the bath- insT beach, the harbor, and the ocean beyond may be obtained. The dining-

room is entirely separated from the house, avoiding all noise and disturbance, and the service and cuisine are unsurpassed. The Springfield is the only first- class house on the island, which is kept open throughout the year. THE STRANGER'S GUIDE-NANTUCKET.

POINTS OF INTEREST. Nantucket Institution for Savings, near head of Sqiiare. Pacific National Bank, head of Main Street Square. Athen

Low Beach, Nantucket. AMERICAN SHIP WINDLASS COMPANY 137

The city of Providence has many special lines of manufacture, but none are more interesting than one conducted on the banks of the Seekonk River, corner of Waterman and East River streets, near the Red Bridge, in a peaceful neighborhootl, quite away from the hum of business. Here, in commodious quarters, the American Ship Windlass Company constructs steam windlasses, steam capstans, improved hand windlasses and cap- Providence Capstan Windlass. stans, and these machines have been and are of such approved merit that they are in general use in the best class of vessels, both in the government and merchant service. Attention is exclusively devoted to the construction of these machines, the methods of operation, the tools and appliances, and as a result the machines themselves have all been brought to a very high degree of perfection. The demands of modern commerce require large vessels, and the labor of weighing the anchors of

these monster crafts as compared with the former class of vessels is such that

Providence Steam Capstan Wind- Providence Pl.mp Brake Windlass, New lass, New Style. Style. the steam windless is a necessary adjunct, while its use saves much time and labor, as by its means two men can often accomplish work formerly requiring twenty or twenty-five. A majority of the steel and iron ships built in thejjlast twelve years on the Atlantic coast and the great lakes are provided with this windlass, and seven-eighths of all the vessels of the country have them in use to"dayT 10 NANTUCKET.

Nowadays the amateur photographer is abroad in the land, and hardh any journey can be mad* into the country without encountering some enthusiast with a camera. The improvements in methods within the past few years have made it possible for any one with but little preliminary knowledge to engage in the practice of the fascinating art. The introduction of the dry plate process has bi-ought this about, as by its means photographs can be taken under nearly all circumstances, and the apparatus needed is simple and inexpensive. Im- provements are also being constantly made in the apparatus and in all the details of the processes, thus throwing open greater opportunities to the ever increasing ranks of the amateurs. A very important discovery that will have a great effect in these respects was recently made in Rochester, N. Y. It consists of a flexible, transparent film, three one-thousandths of an inch in thickness, which can be made in lengths of fifty feet. This will increase the opera- ting power of the now numerous st\-les of easih' portable cameras.

The best place in the city of Providence to obtain all supplies either for professional or amateur photography is at the rooms of F. H. Hull, 73 Weybosset Street. Mr Hull is an enthusiastic amateur photographer, and is well versed in all details of the business. He has been engaged in his present quarter since January 1887, and now keeps on hand a full and complete stock of photographic supplies, embracing entire outfits, such as cameras, tripods, lenses, slides, drop shutters, dry plates, films, sensitized paper, chemicals, and everything necessary to a perfect outfit.

Abram Qltarry, the Last of the Nantucket Indians;

{from a Painting- in the Atlienceiim.) . ;;

THE HOTEL LIST.

BEDFORD. Tower Cottages, Miss S. Irwin ; 30 and 32 Peqiiot Avenue NEW Oak bluffs; 3u rooms.

Bancroft House, Thomas Madden ; Union Street, corner Searell Hotel, Cole & Co.; Circuit Avenue: 60 rooms. Acushnet Avenue; 50 rooms. $2.10 per day; $14 Board. $lper day; room andboard, $1.60 to $2.60 per per week. day, $10 to $15 per week.

Mansion House, C. W. Kipley; Union Street, corner of Dunmere Cottage, H. J. Green ; 149 Circuit Avenue ; ac-

Second ; 60 rooms. $2.00 per day ; $1U per week. commodation for 40 guests. $7 to $12 per week. Parker House; Purchase Street; accommodation for 200. Mouohansett Cottage, Mi"s. J. T. Smith; 150 Circuit Ave- $2.50 to $3.50 per day; $10 to $15 per week. nue; accommodations for 40 guests. $9 to $12 per week. NONQUITT. Prospect House, Lagoon Heights, D. B. Brereton ; 75 rooms ; $10 to $15 per week. Nonquitt House, Soiith Dartmouth, six miles from New- Bedford, on west shore of Buzzard'."* Bay ; George EDGARTOWN. A. Bourne, proprietor; W. H. Wing-ate, manager; 40 rooms. $2 to $3 per day. Ocean View, Abram Osborn; Water Street; 25 rooms. $1.50 to $2 per day; $;) to $10 per week. TAUNTON. Seaside Cottage, Captain Geo. A. Smith; 15 rooms. $2.00 per day; $12 per week. City Hotel, Floyd Travis: City Square, corner Broad- way; 120 rooms. $2 to $2.60 per day; $7 to $20 per week. KATAMA.

Hotel Bristol, L. E. and L. H. Francis ; Cohaunet Street, Mattakeset Lodge, W. D. Carpenter; 75 rooms. $2.50 opposite Mijsic Hall; 30 rooms. $1.25 to $1.50 per to day. per day ; $10 $17 per week. Taunton House, 45 City Square, opposite the Green; Mrs.

Emeline Harlow -, 21 rooms. to $1.50 per day $1 ; $5 CHOP, to $6 per week. WEST VINEYARD HAVEN. Tne Cedars, Miss Clifford; 25 rooms; accommodations for $15 to $20 per week. MARTHA'S 60; VINEYARD. TISBURY—VINEYARD HAVEN. COTTAGE CITY. Mansion House, Samuel Lock ; open all the year ; accommodations for 150 guests. $2 per day. The Metropolitan, J. Gardner Bassett; 75 rooms. $2.50 to $3.00 per day, $14 to $17.50 per week. Grove Hill House, Joseph Nickerson; 20 rooms. $7 to $10 per week. Pawnee House, .1. Gardner Bassett; Circuit Avenue; 50

rooms. $2 50 to $3 per day, $14 to $17.50 per week. The Tashmoo, Carrie F. Costello ; Main Street. $2 per day; special rates to boarders. Wesley House. A. G. Wesley & Co. ; Lake. Avenue and Commonwealth Square; 76 rooms. $2.50 per day; $10 to $17 per week. FAIRHAVEN. Wood's Hotel and Caf6, Eli C. Wood; 146 Circuit Avenue;

23 rooms and cotta^'-es. $1.25 to $1.50 per day. Union Hotel, Main Street ; Wm. Bryden; 25 rooms. .$1 Sea View House, Louis Frenkel; on edge of Bluff at per day; $6 per week. Landing; 200 rooms. $2.50 to $4 per day; $12 to $25 per week.

Temple House, Mrs. Charles Simmouds ; Wesley Vine- yard Highlands; 15 rooms. $1.25 per day; $7.50 to NANTUCKET. $8 per week.

Vineyard Grove House, Joseph Bias ; 31 and 32 Siloam Atlantic House, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Harrison: in the vil- Avenue; 30 rooms. $1.50 per day; $9 per week; lage of 'Scouset; 24 rooms. Rates from $10 to $14 special terms for the season. per week. Naumkeag, H. Koehler, Narragansett Avenue; 50 John Ocean View Hotel. Levi S. Coffin; in tlie village of rooms. $2.50 to $3.50 per day. 'Sconset; 'iSrooms. $2.50 and $3.00 per day; $10.50 to Central House, Montgomery Square; Cole & Co.. Euro- $17.50 i>er week. pean and American plan; 60 rooms; board $1 per Ocean House. Charles L. Stewart, manager; Mrs. J. S. day; room and board $1.50 to $2.50 rer day; $10 to Doyle, proprii-tor ; corner Broad and Centre streets $16 per week ; accommodation for 76 guests. 60 rooms. Bates $2.50 to $3.60 per day. House, Vineyard Highlands; J. C. Alden; 60 Highland The Nantucket, W. M. Tupper, Brant Point; 125 rooms. rooms. $2 to $2.50 per day; .$12 to $16 per week. Rates, July, $3 to $3.50 ; August $3.60 to $4 per day. The Narragansett, Mrs A. A. Hill ; 60 and 62 Narragansett Veranda House, Mrs S. G. Davenport; North Water Avenue; consists of four cottages, with 30 rooms. Street; 40 rooms. $2 to $2.50 per day; $10 to $15 $1.50 to $2 per day. per week. W. Kussell, 133 Circuit The Oakwood, D. Avenue, Spi-ingfleld House, Charles H. Mowry, North Water opposite Post-Offlce ; 50 rooms. $2.00 to $2.50 per Street ; 90 rooms. $2 50 and $3.50 per day ; $12 to $20 day. per week by season. Maria Norton; 40 Narragansett Pierce Villa, Mrs. W. The Sherburne, James Patterson; Orange Street; 50 Avenue, Oak Bluffs ; 18 rooms. $9 to $15 per week rooms. .$2.50 per day ; $14 per week.

L. E. ; 21 Pequot Avenue ; 25 The Pequot, Phiuney rooms. Sea Cliff Inn. Mrs. C. W. Pettee; on the Cliffs; North $2 per day. Street ; 45 rooms. $12 to $18 per week ; $2'50 per day Manchester Cottage, James Hadley; 22 Siloam Avenue; for transient guests per week, one in a room 16 rooms. $7.50 ; $6.50 per Wau^vinet House, Head of the Harbor, William H. week, two in a room ; table board, $5.36 per week. Norcross Brothers ; 13 rooms. $10 per week.

Island House, Hiram Hayden ; Circuit Avenue ; 70 rooms. American House, Orange Street, Charles A. Burgess ; 20

$2 to $2.50 per day. rooms. $1.60 per day ; $8 per week. . . ; : :

140 HOTEL LIST. BUZZARD BAY. MATTAPOISETT, MASS. Mattapoisett House, Thomas P. Mesick ; 40 rooms. $2 per BEACH, MASS. daj-. MONUMENT Ocean View House, Mrs. Sarah A. Macconnell, Main 12 rooms. to $2.00 per day. Monument Beaih, Mass.. Miss A. Parker; aocommoda- Street: $1.50 per week. Barstow, Main Street, fronting tions for 20 guests ; $2.00 per day. $8.00 Barstow House, Wilson the sea ; a<^commodations for 10 guests. $2 per day FALMOUTH, MASS. board and roouis. Hotel Falmouth, Geo. W. Fish; 48 roouis. $2 per day. CATAUMET, MASS.

Cr. W. Fish ; 2 miles from Rail- Quissett Harbor House, The Jackin, Alden P. Davis ; 25 rooms. $2 per day, $« to road station; accommodations for 125. Terms on $10 per week. ai>i'licatlou. Menanhaut Hotel. Floyd Travis; Vineyard Sound, seven ONSETT BAY, MASS. miles from station; hotel coach meets every train 70 $2.50 per day; $10 to $15 single rooms per rooms. Hotel Burgess, R. F. Yeaton ; 20 rooms. $2.50 per day. week. $18 to $28 double rooms. (Clam bake severy Sunday iu a dining room that will Tower's Hotel, Georf?e E. Tower; Falmouth Heights; seat 700). per day. 85 rooms. $3 Glen Cove House, Ring and Williams ; 30 rooms. $2.60 Goodwin House, Mrs. C. H. Goodwin; Falmouth and $3 per day. to $10 per week according to Heights ; 30 rooms. $8 Washburn House, .\zel W. Washburn, Longwood Ave-

location nue, between 3d and 4th streets ; 25 rooms. $1.25 to

Pickwick House, C. L. Hopseu & Co. ; Falmouth Heights $2.50 per day. 35 rooms; $Jto$lop«r week. Union Villa, F. L. Union, Manager; corner Union ave- Woodlawu Cottage, S. J. Brown, Gertrude Avenue, Fal- nue and Union street; 17 rooms. $1 to $3 per day. mouth Heights; 15 rooms; rates reasonable. Tobey House, AsaP. Tobey.Waquoit; Brooms; $1.60per BUZZARD BAY, MASS. day. Parker House, E. O. Parker; 14 rooms. $1.50 per day, $8 per week. WAREHAM, MASS. WOOD'S HOLL.

Kendrick House, Albert Shaw ; High St ; 28 rooms. $2 Dexter House, H. "M. Dexter, fine location on Vineyard

jier day. Sound ; 20 rooms. $2 per day, $8 to $12 per week. MARION, MASS. HINGHAM, Boston Harbor. Rose Standish House, Downer's Landing, J. McGilmaft; The Sippican, C. W. Ripley; 50 rooms. $2.50 per day, 100 rooms. $3.50 per day. $12 to $15 per week. Cushing House, Geo. dishing ; 35 rooms. $2 per day.

House, Charles H. Damon ; pleasantly situated Damon Lincoln House, Daniel Harwood; 32 rooms; single with tine water view; 14 rooms. $1 per day for rooms to per week; large rooms $20 to $28. adults. $10 $15

HIGH TIDE AT NEWPORT.—Eastern Standard Time. flS^This table will also show the time of the tide at other places on Narragansett Bay and adjacent points, by means of the follow ng easy calculations

For Providence, ... add 29 minutes. \ For Wickforil,- .... add 11 minutes* •' " " Bristol and Warren, . 20 " Fall Kiver, . 25 " Fall River, . Beaver Tail, subtract 01 " East Greenwich, Narragansett Pier, . 10 " Nayatt Point, Point Judith, . " 13 " Bullock's Point, . Block Island. 13

JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER 05 o5 >>3 OS A. M. p. M. A. M. p. M. A. M. p. M. fig A. M. p. M. A. M. p. M. A. M. p. M.

1 9.49 9.30 10.50 11.08 Midn. 12.13 17 11.45 11.45 0.35 0.49 3.39 1.55 2 10.39 10.27 11.47 11.45 1.09 1.17 18 Midn. 13.37 1.43 1.45 3.17 3.52 3 11.34 11.31 0.16 0.46 2.18 2.21 19 1.07 1.37 2.47 2.40 4.06 3.45 4 Midn. 12.32 1.27 1.45 3.21 3.23 20 2.13 2.30 3.45 3.30 4.43 4.33 .5 0.42 1.35 2.33 2.42 4.17 4.17 31 3.15 3.19 4.35 4.15 5.16 5.16 fi 1..52 2.18 3.33 3.37 5.06 .5.11 22 4.11 4.04 5.16 4.55 5.46 5.56 7 2.5.5 3.08 4.29 4.30 5.52 6.01 23 5.00 4.43 5..51 5.36 6.17 6.36 « 3..51 3.57 5.20 5.21 6.36 6.50 24 5.43 5.20 6.21 6.14 6.50 7.15 9 4.45 4.45 6.08 6.20 7.18 7.37 25 6.20 5.55 6.50 6..52 7.37 7.58 10 5.;» 5.33 6.55 7.00 8.01 8.25 26 6.53 6.31 7.22 7.32 8.08 8.45 6 6.22 7.42 7.50 8.44 9.14 7.23 7.07 7.-57 8.14 8.53 9.38 11 24 1 27 12 7.12 7.10 8.29 8.40 9.29 10.04 28 7.54 7.45 8.38 9.00 9.45 10.37 13 8.03 8.02 9.18 9.34 10.13 11.00 29 8.30 8.28 9.23 9.52 10.42 11.44 U 8..55 8.55 10.09 10.30 11.04 11.45 .SO 9.13 9.14 10.15 10..51 11.45 11.46 1.5 9.49 9.53 11.00 11.30 0.03 31 9.58 10.07 11.12 11.45 1 Noon 16 10.47 10.51 11.54 11.45 1.11 0.56 FOR MARTHA'S VINEYARD, NANTUCKET AND NEW BEDFORD. W°° Add to the time of the above table as follows for the places named H. M. New Bedford, Clark's Point, 32 Vineyard Haven and West Chop, M. V., . 4 00 Mattapoisett 30 Brant Point, Nantucket, .... 4 47 Wareham, .... 33 Sia.sconset, Nantucket 3 52

Edgartown and Cottage..^ City,^, M.. V... . 4 30 Muskeget Channel, west end Nantucket, 00 Note. — For all places given, the nearest tidal station is Newport, K. I. Example.— Suppose you wanted to find the time of high tide September 13, at Cottage City, Martha's Vineyard. Looking in the table you learn the tide is full at Newport on that date at 10.13 a. m. and again at 11.00 p. m. Add to each the ratio given for Cottage City, and the result will be, for the first, 3.43 p. M., and for the other, 3.30 a. m. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS.

ESTABLISHED IN 1870. CUSHMAN BROS. & CO.. Shade HoUeps,

Window Shadesy Opaque and Tint Cloths^ Hollands and Up- holstery Hardware^ Upholstery Goods. IMPORTERS OF JOHN KING & SON'S SCOTCH HOLLANDS. 82, 84 and 86 Hawley Street, BOSTON, MASS.

Philadelphia Store, 917 FILBERT STREET. LARGEST STOCK, AND LOW PRICES.

Oicr Spring Shade Rollers, Tint Cloths and Opaques are the Very Best Goods on the market.

Buy CUSHMAN'S make of goods and you will get articles guaranteed perfect. We are manufacturers and sell to all first-class houses throughout the United States and Canada. FACTOBIES, SOMERVILLE AND CAMBRIDGE, MASS. HEALTH AND PLEASURE. M9\m

\\\y^ ^ J \///\\V\\-y \s.'// I r N RAI nU/IM Mooo«.,>H _ L. F. N. BALDWIN, Manager.

21 Montgomery Square, Cottage City, Mass. Just through the Arcade, near the Post-Office. WHEELS ADAPTED TO THE USE OF BOTH SEXES AND ALL, AGES.

AQCtlooeer and Real Estate Agent,

124 CiFeait five., Cottage City, JVIaPtha's Vineyard, Mass.

Orders taken for Building, Repairing, Painting and Mason Work. Cottages closed and taken care of during the winter and opened for summer. Cottages placed in my care will receive personal attention. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS.

NOTARY PUBLIC. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. APPRAISER, AUCTIONEER. E. G. ELDRIDGE, (Successor to F. C SMITH),

Heal Estate and Insaranee AGENT AND BROKER,

Office, Arcade Building, Oaic Bluffs, Cottage City Martha's Vineyard, Mass. J,

Cottages to Let. Cottages for Sale. Contracts placed for Building, Painting, Repairing and Moving Cottages. DEEDS, LEASES, MORTGAGES AND CONVEYANCES

Of all kinds executed at this office at short notice.

Leave your Cottages in my charge and I will close them in the Fall and open them in the Spring. Personal attention given to all business. Selling Farms and Land in the County a Specialty. Pierce # Willa, 40 Narragansett Avenue, COTTAGE CITY, MASS., DIRECTI.Y OPPOSITE THE NAUfllKEAtl. 20 Large, Airy Rooms. Table Supplied with the Best. First-class Table Board if desired.

Address, MRS. A. B. ABBE.

FIIVJE TABL.E WATERS A SPE1^IAL.TY.

Aiii. KINDS OF CAKBOiVATKD SEVER AOES. No. I 60 Ci rcuit Avenue, Cottage City. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. THE OAKWOOD, G9TTA6E GlTY, MASS-

On Circuit Avenue, directly opposite Post-Office ; three minutes' walk from Steamboat landing and bathing houses. Table strictly first-class : all the delicacies of the season; best of service. Dining Room seats 125 persons.

Private Dining Room for families. Large airy rooms ; good beds ; ample Piazza-room. $2.00 per day. Special rates for the season. HOTEL NAanKEAi 1

Cor. Narragansett and Naumkeag Avenaes, Cottage City, M. V., Mass. JOHN H. KOEHLER, Proprietor. AMERICAN PLAN. TERMS MODERATE.

The Hotel Naumkeag is a first-class house, elegantly furnished, having perfect sanitary arrangements. It contains 40 rooms ; has large Dining Hall and private Dining Rooms. One of the best locations on the Island.

60 and 62 R,arragaax*)ett J\>9e»,

OPEN JUNE 1.

A. A. HILL, Proprietor.

Temple House T HENRY 8TENTIF0RD, Wesley Park, Near Baptist Temple. SCIENTIFIC COTTAGE CITY, MASS.

Mrs. Charles Simmonds. proprietress. HORSE SHOER An interesting and healthy locality for Sojourners, Carriage Smith and General Tourists and Students. A delightful view of the At- lantic Ocean, and the islands in Buzzard's Bay. Excur- Jobber. sions by steamers daily. Also, Boating, Bathing and Fishing. Fine drives over concreted roads. Terms $1.25 per day. Special Terms for Regular Boarders. Foot of Circuit Avenue,

First-Class Table Board at Reasonable Rates. COTTAGE CITY, MASS. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. i\m & POP Pips.

Favorites wherever used. Action and Phenomenal Durability, make them Their Brilliant. Pure Musical Tones, Perfect No Place of equal merit, so Reasonable in Price.

Information^ the reach of all. Write for VALUABLE Our EASY PAYMENT PLAN places them within

as well as the financial ability to Bishop Scott Academy, carry out to the full all agreements they mav make. PoKTLANi), Ore. FRED'K 8. DAVIS, ^ President. Nov. 15, 1887. Uessn. Ivers & Pond Piano

Co. Dear Sirs : The Piano that Ilpurchased of you two years ago tor my school is in perfect order to-day. U shows no signs New England whatever of tne rouiih hand '. ling it lias received at the 'Conservatory.'.* who have hands of our pupils, Boston. used it continuously for prac- ticing and evening amusement. Dec. m, 1887. It hao been in almost constant Piano Co. keeps Ivers & Pond u«e during tdat time. It Gentlemen: There are now In use remarkably well, and is ni tune in the New England Conservatory altogether the most satisfac- more than one hundred have ever of Music tory instrument we Pianfortes manufactured by your used in our school work. I Company. Many of them have should certainly give your Pi- severe Conservatory over any stood the anos the pi eference practice (about eight hours per with which I amacqualnted,for more than five years. reason- day) Cor school purposes, being Not one has failed or been returned able in price, extremely dura- but to the factory for exchange, ble, thoroughly reliable, and have given and are giving, good Instruments. all Batlsfactory satisfaction, thus proving the ex- truly yours, Very cellent quality of the instruments . HILL, Prin. J. W and the sterling Integrity of the manufacturers. ^ tOURJEE.

Dana Hall, Preparatory School for Wellesley College. Peekskill Military WellesIxKY, Mass. Academy. Nov. 30, 1887. Piano PBKKSKILL, N. Y. a 1887. Messrs. Ivers & Pond : In an If You Want Nov. 9, six e^tperience of more than Messrs. Ivers & Pond Co. years we have found your Pi one, had two or Write us. Wherever you live we will send Dear Sirs : We have anos, for continuous school your Pianos in use for some time, durable and sat- to be practice, more it to suit you, otherwise and like them very much indeed. isfactory than those of any GUARANTEEING qualities, both ways. They have good wearing other firm. returned to as, we paying railway freights and we expect to put one in our JULIA A. EASTMAN, Hall, school new school ( Worrall a Principal. Largest MANUFACTURERS of a We are one of the for young boys ) in the course or the world. Grand Square and few weeks. First-class Pianos iu Yours. it RIGHT, Upright, all sizes, styles and prices. Don't think COL. C. J. W B. 8., A. M. you live one or Traders National Bank, inexpedient to buy from us because Boston. If you want a 91 State St., Boston, three thousand miles from the very Feb. 18, 1888. Piano, direct from the people who make it, at State Normal The Ivers & Pond Piano Co., Payments if desired, write us and Farmington who have for many years done lowest price. Easy a large and constantly increas- Piano Dealers sell our School. we will explain all . But few ing business with us, amount- Farmington, Mk. ing to hundreds of thousands poorly made and low-cost Pianos Pianos, because Nov. 7, 1887. yearly, have given such evi- Traders Na- dences of able business man- pay larger profits. We refer to the Ivers& Pond Piano Co. that I am warranted favor agement Omtlemen : In reply to your opinion that Boston, as to our ability and disposi- that in expressing the tional Bank, of the 4th, I am happy to say they are decidedly H progress- we make your Piano gives pel feet satisfaction to make good our word. Remember, with it ive and at the same time iion. 1 am so well pltased financially I ehould eonserv'ative and if lived within that if I needed another, it just as easy to deal with us as you strong and solid house ; further get one as nearly like it as possible. than this, from my personal ten miles of Boston. Write for information. Yours truly, acquaintance with them I am G. C. PORRINGTON, sure they are a highly honor- Principal. able house, with the disposition CATALOtiUES FREE. DIVERS & POND PIANO CO.-^

, BRANCHES. 181 & 182 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. { KKKSftr' 137 an.l 139 Port St., San Franclsco.ICal. For the Pacific Coast : KOHI.ER & CHACE, THE BUSINESS INTERESTS. Ghapman Granite Works,

WESTERLY. R. I. HIMOBIAL,

IN THE<<*-

Original White Westerly Granite.

/. FINE STATUARY a Specialty.

Jttonomental and Bailding Work.

SV QUARRIES AND MAIN OFFICE,

wmmtrnMuw^I m« i«

43 Boylston Street, BOSTON. ;

INTERESTS. THEOOLT'SBUSINESS

HAMMEELESSDOUBLE BAEBEL SHOT GVN, ---SIO AND 12 BORES.-V^- COLTS PATENT FIRE ARliS MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 1847 ROGERS BROS. Ai.®

Spoons, Forks, Knives, Etc.

goods, there have been in the wide reputation and large sale of oui- CAUTION - Owine to that trade-mark. Customers des.rmg our goods should see later *"rvarious imitaHons of our theylb'ear the distinguishing mark "1847.

This brand can be obtained of every first-class dealer in Sterling Silver and Plated Ware. MANUFACTURED BY Meriden Britannia Co., MAKERS OF FINEST SILVER PLATED WARE. WAREROOMS 147 State Street, Chicago. East 14th Street, Union Square, N. Y. 46 Meriden, Conn. San Francisco, Cal. :

It will Pay to Consult 240 MAIN STREET, HARTFORD, Conn. De m k WJITWIE CO., Decoratois 9 Personally or by letter. Tbey Turnish all labor and materials and create artistic interiors. .{.•^ — — »-** MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., MERIDEN, CONN. Gold * Silver Plate.

TRADE-MABK. TBADE-MABK. WHITB MBTAIi. NioKi:i:i SiLYXB

Tea, Coffee, and Water Sets, Fruit Dishes, Candelabra, Epergnes, Cake Baskets Baking Dishes, Etc., Etc. SALESROOMS: NEW YORK. CHICAGO. SAN FRANCISCO. LONDON, Eng.

PATENT Sand and Vacuum Chamber. Artesian and Driven Wells, By HAND and STEAM POWER. A permanent supply of water can be obtained entirely free from surface drainage and pollutions. Particular attention given to supplying Cities, Towns, and Villages Send for Circular. HORIZONTAL. Pat. May 1, 1888. No. 382117. B. F. SMITH, For use on Driven Wells. Warranted to Stop Sand or Money Refunded. 38 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

THE KELLER PIANO CO., Manufacturers of

Tmm •:. mMI.M.MM •:• WlMMm. Factory, Home Office BRIDQKPORTT, CONN. NEW YORK WAREROOMS: 176 14th STREET.

singing The best of material is used in the construction, making them attractive in appearance, fine tone, price reasonable and are fully warranted.

^, I i ^ See "FAIRIGON." "IDEALS." OPPOSITE CHAPTER 1. SOULE Piano and Organ Investment Co.

Announce to all Peoples, whether residents of Massachusetts or any State in the Union, that we hold Nink makes of Pianos and Organs, Five of which outrank, for musical and financial value, any other five makes in the world. This surely is a great claim, but

the manager is sustained in making it by the unparalleled record of the instruments.

I^tattos* Qrqan^^ IVERS & POND, (5 Patents.) MASON &. HAMLIN, (World Renown.) MASON & HAMLIN, ) Best Tuning Mechanism PRESCOTT. NICKERSON, 5 in the World. DECKER & SON. WORCESTER. WM. BOURNE. PACKARD. SPECIAli.—Residents of other parts of the State, or United States, can select and have shipped to them, one or six months later, at a price which will defy competition. At No. 7 Pleasant Street, New Bedford. No. 84 Main Street, Brockton. Nos. 154, 182, and 224 Tremont Street, Boston. For particulars address

75 Main Street, Taunton, Mass.

Carbolic Ointment. HEAIvING AND PURIFYING. For Piles, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Burns, Wounds, Etc., it is unexcelled. FEVER SORES and SCROFULA SORES are soon changed into a HEALING CONDITION and frequently entirely cured by its use. A box of Shipman's Ointment should always be kept in the house. It is equally good for Horses, Cattle, and animals of all kinds. No fly will bother a sore when Shipman's Ointment is used. Price 25c., 50c., $1.00 per box. For sale by Druggists. If your Druggist does not keep it in stock, a box of the small size will be sent by mail upon receipt of 25 cents. GEO. L. CLAFLIN & CO., Proprietors, Providence, R. I.

DR. BICKNELL'S SYRUP, FOR DIARRHCEA, DYSENTERY, CHOLERA MORBUS, COLIC, CRAMPS, AND ALL BOWEL OR SUMMER COMPLAINTS. It Oorxtain-js xxo Oj>i\j-*ia Or anything injurious, and can be given with perfect safety to j^oung children as well as adults. All Druggists keep it for sale, or you can procure it of the Agents.

GEO. L. CLAFLIN & CO., Wholesale and Retail Druggists,

PROVIDENCE, R. I.

FarrenBroHBrs Co., He mv SPP BEDl^i'Sr

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 9088 00629 1876