History of Fall River

H ISTO RY O F FA L L R IV E R

M AS S AC H U S ETTS

/ V COM PILE D F OR TH E C O T T O N C E N T E N N IA L

v BY H E N R M F Y . ENNER

UN D ER TH E D IRECTI ON OF TH E

H I STORICAL COM M ITTE E

OF TH E MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION

D D AD A h a i r m a n W A S. M S C E R ,

E E D DY L LI N LN G ORG E H . EONT I N E CO

I PH I L P D B D B ENJ AM I N B U FF NTON I . OR EN

H M CDON O G H Y J O J . U W I LLI AM T. H ENR N

FALL RI VE R M E R CH AN TS ASSOCIATION 1 91 1

The observance of the one hundredth anniversary o f the begi nni ng of cotton manufacturing in Fall River has seemed

to the Merchants Association a ﬁtti ng o ccasi o n fo r the p u bli ca f tion of a concise history o the community . Its historical

es f ll w committee has therefore prepared the pag which o o , in

the hope of m aki ng the history of the city better known by its W citizens and the thousands of visitors ithin its gates , as well

as by many others to W hom copies may be sent by friends . The book has been prepared and published in less than

two months , and has of necessity been made brief . A strong

ur effort has , however , been made to secure acc acy , and to

’ include all the pri n cipal facts i n connection with the city s

ri i n development . The o g al spelling of names has been retained s s in many ca e , and incidents of interest have i n some instances

been i nterwoven .

The committee hopes that its w ork may be the basis o f a

e more extensive history of Fall Ri v r . The story of its growth

is an i nspiration to greater things , and deserves to be more generally known .

I E R V R, in population the third city of the Common

wealth of Massachusetts , situated in the southeasterly 0 ' ” 41 - 42 - 4 + section of the state , is in North Latitude O ° ’ 71 - O9 and W . Longitude The distance in a direct line from the State H ou s e in Boston to th e City Hall in Fall

River being miles . The ci ty is located on the easterly shore of Mount Hope R Bay and Taunton iver , bounded northerly by Freetown , t D eas erly by Freetown , artmouth and Westport , southerly by I t R . Dar mouth , Westport and Tiverton , . , westerl y by Tiver I R . ton , . and the channel of Mount Hope Bay and Taunton n River . Within these limits there is i clud ed an area of nearly 41 s u re s t s q a mi le , consis ing of approximately mile of s s t land , mi le of fresh water and mile of salt wa er . 4 Its extreme length approximates 1 1 mi les and its width 7 .

mi les . Its shape is very irregular and somewhat peculiar , h as see n in t e illustration . A study of the drawing will explai n the cau s e of the long continued controversy as to the location of the centre of Fall River .

Fr m t o the wa er front the rise is , as a rule , abrupt . South

Main street in front of City Hall ( l ess than one - hal f mile fro m the shore) is at an elevation 1 19 feet above mean high water

n H so - ed h in Taunto River . Townsend il l ( cal l ) on t e easterly R Is n d ss side of South Main Street near the hode la Line , ( le than three - fourths of a mile from the shore) has an elevation 2 2 A of 7 feet . Highland venue at its j unction with New 2 4 Boston Ro ad is at an elevation of 5 fee t . H The highest point within the city limits is Copi en t il l , s fr m H about 5 mile northeasterly o City all , where an elevation of 355 feet is reached . ’ Watu a The city s water supply , North pp Pond , having an s s t 27 t area of q u are mil e and an extreme dep h of fee , is d to t t o n e of the best i n the State , ju ged both as quan i y and th e the quali ty . Th e water shed of pond (including area of r i f ll the pond itself) is sQua e miles . i ts capac ty at u 7 199 907 2OO f pond is , , , Gallons . At 5 feet below u ll pond ( a depth approximated but once since the installation of the 4 4 1 9 water works) its capacity is , 8S, 8 , 5OO Gallons . From these ﬁgures it would appear that danger of a water fami n e is very remote .

F R E E T O W N S W A N S E A l~

W E S T P O R T

f on The sewerage o the city is , as a whole , the Combined ” to fo r System , that is , the sewers are planned care storm

water as well as fo r domestic sewage . There are , h owever ,

2 m ar m t th e li rnited areas in which separate syste s e ain ained , obj ect being to furnish as much o f the storm water as is

e u ech n possible for use by the mil l s along Q u q a River . Underlying much of the city are granite ledges from

which material for construction of buildings , makin g of street W curbing , paving , etc . , is obtained . hile this is a valuable

r asset fo the city , it i s not an unmixed blessing , as this same gra nite accounts for what , to some , appears to be an unreason

t r able cost of sewers , water works , and o her lines of work e

quiring the building of underground structures .

o n e The city has natural curiosity of considerable interest , o n the Rolling Rock County street , referred to in old ” - bounds as The Goose nesting Rock . It is a boulder of o n coarse conglomerate , resting a ledge of granite , and show ing that i t was brought to its present position by diluvial

so ﬁn l action . It was e y balanced that until recent years it

could be easily moved by one hand , and by using both hands

could be made to oscillate two or three inches at the top . It 58 i s eight feet thick , with a horizontal circumference of feet . 140 Its estimated weight is tons .

Fall River to - day is a beautifully situated city of appro x i

mately inhabitants . It is a busy , prosperous and

growing community , which in half a century has risen , throu gh its own efforts from a little town of about

people to its present prominence . Its citizens are j ustly o f proud o f it and its growth , and , inspired by what they co n ﬁd en ce have done , look forward with to even greater

achievements . It is known as the largest cotton manufacturing center 1 0 s in the United States , and its more than 0 mi l l , containing

nearly spindles , give employment to persons .

a Its factories use about bales of cotton a ye r , or

a week , from which are produced more than a thousand

million yards of cloth in a year , or three and a half million R 1 90 yards each working day . educed to miles , this means 0 o r miles of cloth a day , three miles a minute . But it is not alone o f the quantity o f its product that the t to city boasts . I produces many medium weight goods meet

the various demands of the market , as well as twills , sateens and curtains , and its newer mills have almost exclusively

o f ﬁ n been d esigned for the making e goods , and more and more of the ﬁ n est fabrics are being manufactured each year ;

ﬁ n e also ginghams , colored yarns , sewing thread , Marseilles

quilts and cloths w ith finishes of linen and silk .

It has bleacheries and print works , one of the latter , the

American Printing Company , the largest in the United States ,

with an extensive an d increasing export trade . It has plants

for the manufacture of its o w n machinery , plants for the utilization of the waste cotton in the manufacture of rope , ” twine , mops and comforters and plants for the making of

cotton bags and narrow fabrics . It has , among others , the largest hat manufacturing establishment in the country , and

also an extensive piano factory . Though i n recent years large numbers have come here

from foreign lands , the best of order is maintained . The newcomers are acquiring hemes o f thei r own and doing their

part in the upbuilding of the city .

The community is well policed and well lighted . It main e fi ﬁ re a tains an f cient department , and the nnual loss by fire t m is compara ively s all . Its schools are modern , housed in u commodio s , beautiful and well arranged structures . The system i s supplemented by a large and well equipped textile

school . It has a public library of volumes , in a new

and centrally located building , with cardholders and an

annual circulation of more than volumes . 1 It has parks and playgrounds of more than 00 acres , 7 situated in various parts of the city , 3 miles of sewers and 16 t } miles of paved stree s .

u a n Its sit tion near the coast gives it a excellent climate .

r u t Severe sto ms are almost nknown . Its win ers are not i ts severe , and summers are cool . From th e higher parts of

th e city , views of marked beauty are obtainable over the adj oining bay and rivers and across the farming lands on the th e west side of river , an d on clear days Providence can be th e t seen in dis ance . Many of the sunsets are almost u n su r

passed . t s It has charm ing residential sec ions , score of churches ,

a ttrac and numerous charitable institutions , housed in most ’ ’

ti v e buildings , of which the Boys Club , the Young Men s A ’ C hristian ssociation , the Women s Union , the U nion an d A ’ ’ t ’ Ste . nne s Hospitals , the Children s Home , the S . Joseph s ’ A and St . Vincent s orphanages , the Home for ged People

and the Bishop Stang Day Nursery are examples .

Many of its stores are large , and well arranged and

compare favorably with those in other cities . Its Merchants A ssociation has a large and active membership , and has done

much for the city .

There are four national banks , with a combined capital o f and deposits in excess of a trust company with deposits o f more than four savings

banks that hold nearly for depositors ,

- and four co operative banks , whose assets are in excess of 2 0 $ , 000, 00. E Four dail y newspapers are published here , the vening 1845 1 59 News , established as a weekly in and as a daily in 8 , ’ 1872 1885 L In the Herald , started in , the Globe , in and d e 1 pendant , printed in French , and founded i n 885 . There are

As also two weeklies , issued i n Portuguese , called Novidades and O Amigo do Poro .

The city has excellent transportation facilities , both by

” rail and water . It has deep water to its wharves and regular

o f lines steamers to New York , Philadelphia and Providence , i ncluding the famous Fall River Line , whose magnificent

fleet is well and favorably known to the travelling public .

It has a modern street railway system , with suburban

roads to Providence , Taunton , New Bedford and Newport , and excellent train and electric car service to these and other cities . Its assessed valuation i n 19 10 was and its tax rate , which includes all charges , except in the case of granolithic sidewalks , which are put in on application o f abutting owners , was per thousand . P URCH ASE AN D SE TTLE M E N T

The territory included in the city o f Fall River was h formerly a part o f t e colony of Plymouth , and remained so 1 692 until that colony was united with Massachusetts in . E Like the rem ainder of New ngland , it was inhabited by ’ 1676 Indian tribes , and , until after King Philip s war i n , when t h e spirit o f the Indians in this section was ﬁn ally broken and many of them exterminated , there were but very few , if any ,

white settlers . The coast of North America had been skirted as early as 4 1 98 , six years after the discovery by Columbus , by Sebastian E o n . Cabot , a fact which the nglish based their title Much

earlier , however , this immediate section had probably been s s 100 visited by the Northmen , whose aga relate that in 8 a

Tho rﬁn n Sa kon ate party led by had come up the g , now

o n n Seac et river and spent the winter on Mount Hope Bay , where they traded with the natives . Whether they placed the inscriptions on the rock at Dighton is a question which in A all probability will never be satisfactorily answered . nother V o s e h V wh o early isitor was a Florentine , J p errazzano , was

o f i I h o under the patronage the French k ng , Francis , and w ,

with a party of 50 men , in the ship Dauphin , is said to have 1 24 f r entered Narragansett Bay in 5 and remained o 15 days .

The natives who dwelt in this vicinity were the Pocassets ,

- of a sub tribe of the Wampanoags , and a part the great A A f lgonquin nation . t the time o the Plymouth settlement ,

Massasoit , the father of King Philip , otherwise known as

o f i t n Metacomet , was sachem the Wampanoags , and Corb a t

' ’ th e Po c ass ets o r i n s of . C b ta t principal place of residence ’ was at Mattapoisett , now Gardner s Neck , in Swansea . H e

was not friendly to the whites , but was kept i n check by

Massasoit , and on his death in 1624 was succeeded by his Weetam o e 1676 daughter , , who was drowned in while cross ’ Tehti c u t u ing the , now the Ta nton river , at Slade s Ferry . w as o f Wam s utta She the wife , an elder brother of Philip .

Of A o n e other more familiar Indian names , nnawan was ’ c a tai n s Can o n i c u s th e arra an setts of Philip s p , , chief of the N g ,

who dwelt on the west side of the bay which bears their name , u e u ech an Mon taup , the name of Mount Hope , Q q , signifying Falling Water the title o f the stream which ﬂows through ue u etean t the center of the present city , Q q , the name of the u ch an Watu a neighborhood adj oining the Q ueq e , pp the name a kon a e o f the ponds still known by the same designation . S g t was the Indian name for what is now Little Compton and

Sagamore was the title of a chief . Tecumseh was the head of t an Indian tribe in the Wes . The Wampanoags appear to have been on the whole a

superior race . They were long friendl y to the whites and

hospitable . They are described as having the familiar cinna

mon colored skin , long black , coarse hair , scanty beard , high

- cheek bones , small , deep set eyes , a broad nose , protuberant

e . lips and a square , depress d forehead They were tall , supple , ‘ 80or 100 graceful , agile , and able , it is said , to run miles a day

and back the next , but they were unequal to continuous labor . They had the same immobility of countenance that is character

f . i sti c o all red men , and seldom wept or smiled The deaf , the blind and the lame were seldom seen ; these were to o burden

some to the others to be allowed to live . As a rule . an Indian

n had but o e wife . The women did the drudgery , while the ﬁsh d men hunted and e . Their clothing in winter consisted of skins of deer or other

sum m er w hen wild animals ; in , less was required , the men wore o f only a piece deer skin about their waists . Moccasins were

o f thin deer skin or moose hide , according to the season . Paint

an d feathers were their adornment , combined with rings ,

bracelets and necklaces . m Fish , ga e , nuts , berries and roots , were their principal t food . Meat could be preserved only by smoking , as hey had

no salt . With the aid of but a single tool , a hoe made of a

clamshell or bone fastened on the end of a stick , they culti

y ated the soil and raised Indian corn , squashes , pumpkins , n ﬂow er o f beans and a kind of su , the root which pleased their

taste . Tobacco was also cultivated for smoking . The potato

was unknown , and the only domestic animal was the dog .

They had no poultry . The following description of an Indian village in New En g land at this time is taken from a recent work on King Philip ’ s war by Ellis and Morris $ Arranged around a center left open for the performance V w i w arn s of the illage games and ceremonies , were the g , con

ﬁrm l structed of saplings , which , set y in the ground and bent o r together , were fastened at the top an d covered with bark

- mats . Some were cone shaped , holding onl y a single family ,

r or vari ed while others , resembling a covered a b , in length from 20 100 to feet .

The wigwams were pitched closely together , and the

village seldom occupied more than from three to four acres .

Within the wigwams , and arranged around the walls , were the woven baskets that held the corn , stone or earthen s hou ehold utensils , the pails and the low raised bunks covered

ﬁ res with boughs and skins . In the center blazed the , which ,

either for the purpose of cooking or for warmth , were kept

constantly alight, and the smoke from which found its way S kyward t hrou gh a hole in the roof . Their axes and most of their household utensils were o f fi sh stone , as were the bowls of their long pipes . Their lines were of twisted fibres of the dogbane or of sinews of the fi sh s deer , the hooks , of sharpened bones of e or birds . A rrows were tipped with bone , claws of the larger birds , or

flint . Spears were made in the same way . The tomahawk

was a wooden club , some two feet long , with a large knob at

the end . The money known as wampum was of small round

e . beads made of sh lls , drilled so that they could be strung A a species of football , quoits , wrestling an d d ncing , combined

ﬁ shi n with gambling , g and the hunt , furnished amusement . o f Their language was guttural , w ith words great length . Some corn was preserved for the winter by burying it in o the gr und , under a covering of bark , and some basketry and

pottery were made , but on the whole they were slothful and A th e improvident . fter the coming of whites they obtained t m some of the ar icles of civilization , which ade their lives

u t easier , b from them they also secured liquor , which th ey

had not known before . This last fact made i t early necessary for the colony of Massachusetts Bay to pass stringent regulations forbidding the sale o f intoxicants to the natives and a penalty of 40

shillings was provided for every pint sold or delivered , x e cept in cases of sudden exigent , faintness , or sickness , ” An not to exceed two drams . In dian found drunk was to

ﬁn be ed ﬁ ve shillings or Openly whipped . Similar legislation 1 5 was passed by the Plymouth colony , which i n 6 8 , forbade ,

ﬁn on penalty of a e of ten shillings , the sale of liquor to

n u India s , and directed that Indians found dr nk should be set

in the stocks , and should be required to pay charges of two

shillings , six pence . The ﬁrst land bought from the natives was known as the ’ Freem en s Purchase , and was secured under a grant made 26 by the general court of Plymouth to , residents of that 1 Th A 2 16 town in 656 . e deed was dated pril , 59 and signe d

W am s u t a W etam o Ta a n m by t and e e, or tt p a u , his wife . It

conveyed all the land with one small exception , between the Q u equ ec h an river and the present northern boundry of Free town , a distance of eight or nine miles , and extending back

from the Taunton river about four miles . In other words , it included all o f what is now Fall River north of the line of 2 Bedford street , an d all of Freetown . The price paid was 0

coats , two rugs , two iron pots , two kettles and one little

kettle , eight pairs of shoes , six pairs of stockings , one dozen t o f hoes , one dozen hatche s , two yards broadcloth and the

Wam su tta satisfaction of a debt from to John Barns . Wi th reference to the price paid for this large tract of

E . E land , the following quotation from G . llis is in point $ “ ‘ ’ When we read of the earliest s o - called deeds by which th e English colonists obtained from the sachems wide spaces on o f f w of territory the consideration a e tools , hatchets , t kettles or yards of cloth , we na urally regard the transaction as simply i llustrating the white man ’ s rapacity and cunning

. in tricking th e simplicity of the savage . But we may be sure that in man y such cases the Indian secured what was to him

a full eq uivalent for that with which he parted . For , as the whites soon learned by experience , the savages supposed that i n such transactions they were not alienating the absolute o f o f ownership their lands , but only covenanting for the right

An j oint occupancy with the English . d then the coveted tools o r implements obtained by them represented a value an d a use A not measurable by any reach of wild territory . metal kettle , a spear , a knife , a hatchet transformed the whole life fo r of a savage . A blanket was him a whole wardrobe . o o f ﬁr arm s h vi When he came t be the possessor e , a n g regarded himself the equal of the white man , he at once became his superior .

The purchasers were Captain James Cudworth , Josiah r ou thw o rth Joh n o h n Tesd ale Win slow , S . , Constant S , Barns , J ,

Tu rn r Walter Humphrey e , Hatch , Samuel House , Samuel Jack son , John Daman , Timothy Hatherly , Timothy Foster , Thomas

Southworth , George Watson , Nathaniel Morton , Richard E Moore , dmund Chandler , Samuel Nash , Henry Howland , P Ralph Partridge , Love Brewster , William aybod y , Christo Ken elm oh n pher Wadsworth , e Winslow , Thomas Bowen and J

co n ﬁrm Waterman . The deed was later ed by the Plymouth 2 government , and the lots divided among the purchasers in 6

o f 10 on shares , each with a frontage about 0 rods the river and running back to the easterly bound . Timothy Foster had the lot nearest the Q u eq u ech an an d Humphrey Turner the Wad w o r h h n d ler H ou se next . Beyond him in order were s t , C a , ,

Howland and Watson . Matthew Boomer was probably the ﬁ rst settler in this i n 1676 tract , having bought a part of the fourth lot March , , and erected a dwelling near the corner o f North Main and

oh n Brownell streets soon after . J Read came from Newport , 1 ’ 686 . and in was living where St . Joseph s church stands

George Lawton , Samuel Gardner of Newport , Henry Howland R Wo o dberee of Duxbury , obert Durfee , Hugh and William ’ Chase also settled here soon after King Philip s war . After the inhabitants had been established as a township under the u l 1 683 name of Freetown by act of the Plym outh colony in J y , , Gardner was made town clerk and later purchased what is n ow ’ known as Gardner s Neck at South Swansea . ’ The land so u th of the Freeman s Purchase , including the

n present town of Tiverton , a d extending back from the bay f our to six miles , with certain exceptions of small tracts previ o u s l y sold , was conveyed from the Plymouth government

5 1 679 - 80 f 1 1 E March , , in consideration o 00 pounds , nglish to E money , dward Gray of Plymouth , Nathaniel Thomas of Marshﬁeld A oh A o f , Christopher lmy , J lmy and Thomas Waite

10 m Portsmouth and Benjamin Church , Daniel Wilcox and Willia

Manchester of Pun c atest . The mill right a strip of land about 30rods wide along the Q ueq uech an river extending back from the bay one mile was held in common and sold in shares . Several divisions

ﬁ rs t 1682 -3 were made of the remainder . The was in , when “ - o u t 2 the s o called great were laid , in most cases 5 rods wide and running back o n e mile from the bay to what is n o w E Ro d E Plymouth avenue , formerl y called ight Way . dward Gray was the ﬁrs t individual owner of lots o n e and two and

William Manchester of number three . Later the land between Watu a u Plymouth avenue , the pp pond and the Q equ ec han river was divided into six - score acre lots and i n 1697 a third division took place . ’ The tract which also included lan d east o f the Freeman s

Purchase , was known as the Pocasset Purchase and was under o f 2 1 692 i t the government Plymouth till March , , when , with o f Pu n catest , was incorporated by the state Massachusetts as the town o f Ti verton . The original freemen of the town o h n were Maj or Church , J Pearce , John Cook , Gersh arn A Woodle , Richard Borden , Christopher lmy , Thomas Cory , o s e h Stephen Manchester , J p Wanton , Forbes Manchester , E a E Daniel Howland , dw rd Gray , dward Briggs , William hefﬁeld E Manchester , Amos S , Daniel Wilcox , dward Colby , L Joseph Tabor , David ake , Thomas Waite , Joseph Tallman , oh n l A o o k J Briggs , John Cooke , Wil iam lmy , and John C e, Jr . A q uestion as to the location o f the boundary line between

Freetown and Tiverton , (that being the line between the

Freeman and Pocasset purchases , arose early in the eighteenth

i n d eﬁ n iten ess century , owing to in the Plymouth and Rhode i o f o h Island charters , and a committee cons sting J Winslow ,

Josiah Winslow , Robert Durfee , and Henry Brightman was

chosen to represent the proprietors of Freetown , and Christo A pher lmy , Samuel Little , and Richard Borden to represent

those of Tiverton . This committee reported and ﬁxed the line as follows $ Beginning at a cleft rock o n the East side of the country

road near the Fall Ri ver , said rock being the bounds of the Freeman ’ s first lot and from said rock ranging southwest and

1 1 by West t o the river at the westerly side of the country road , and from thence the river to be the bounds westerly unto E Taunton ri ver , and from the aforesai d rock ranging ast South East four miles into th e woods by a range o f marked trees unto a heap o f stones with several trees marked about it and from said heap o f stones ranging Northeast and by North one degree northerly by a range o f m arked trees unto a stone set into the ground with other stones laid about it being the ’ o head of the four mile line from Stacy s Creek . Sai d range t extend until it meet with Middleboro town bounds . These aforesaid boundaries thus run and settled we do mutually agree shall be the perpetual bounds between the lan d of the aforesai d ” proprietors of Freetown and the proprietors of Tiverton . This report was signed by all o f the comm ittee above o f named save Job Winslow , and was approved by act the ’ general court or assembly fo r his Maj esty s province of the E 2 1 0 Massachusetts Bay in New nglan d May 9 , 70 . The water power of the Q uequ ech an had been recognized as of special value when the strip along its border was set ” aside as a mill right , and Col . Benj amin Church and his

brother Caleb , who had purchased a large part , erected a saw 1 691 mill there before . A few years later a grist mill and a f - ulling mill , the latter for cleansing home grown wool prepara

o r tory to spinning and fulling thickening the cloth , were erected on the west side of Main street , after the stream had A 1 14 been dammed . bout 7 the Churchs sold their interest R o s e h f to ichard and J p Borden , who thus secured control o the water power , which was retained i n their family till the erec

tion of the Troy mill and the Fall River manufactory in 1813 . Prior to the Revolution another saw mill an d a grist mill were

erected at the foot of the hill , near the present N o . 7 mill of R the Fall iver Iron Works Company . E arly in the century , also , a tannery was established by R ’ John ead on what is now called French s hill , where the ’

Westport Mfg . Co . s storehouse now stands . This was sold 1801 E in by his heirs to noch French , who carried o n business 1840 here till about , and from whom the hill took its name . A t o n d nother tan yard s ood Be ford street , at the foot of R w as t ock , where it s arted in 18 10 an d carried on fo r many

Just before the Revolution , Tory sentiment was strong , m 26 1774 and at a town eeting on Jan . , , resolutions were adopted severely condemning the town of Boston for allowing

the destruction of tea in its harbor , and declaring that the town of Freetown , abhorred , detested an d forever bore ” m obi sh testimony against su ch acts , as riotous and pro

in c eed s . B g y the late summer , however , the feeling had m 19 changed , and at a town meeting on Septe ber , delegates were selected to confer at Taunton with representati ves o f ” the other towns as to measures proper in the situation . 28 At the meeting held in Taunton Sept . , resolutions were unanimously adopted that those present were determined at the risk o f their fortunes and their lives to defend their natural and compacted rights ” and to “ oppose to their utmost all illegal and uncon sti tutional measures which have been or hereafter may be adopted by the British Parliament or the British Ministry Thirty - on e men from Freetown respon ded th e A 19 1 77 to Lexington alarm on pril , 5 .

On 1 0 1 775 May , , the town voted to care for the families 1776 of poor soldiers . In March , a committee of correspond s ence , inspection and afety was elected an d boats were ordered

i h o r built To cross the river , if u enemies should attack our

o n At 1 friends the opposite shore . a town meeting July 5 , 1 776 , strong resolutions were adopted declaring th a t loyalty to the king was treason against the people of this country and that We are ready with our Lives and fortunes to support the General Congress in Declaring the united American Colonies free and independent of Greate Bri tain . The town approved

the articles of confederation Feb . 10, 1 777 .

Colonel Joseph Durfee , who had taken an active part in the war , and who was afterwards to start the first cotton m ill here , formed a home guard in the fall o f 1777 . Q uarters

were secured in a store near the shore , where the men met every day and called the roll , and sentinels were placed each o f night , to give an alarm , in case the approach of the British ,

who then held the south en d of the island of Rhode Island . On n 25 177 Sunday mor ing , May , 8 , boats were discovered

silentl y and cautiously approaching the shore . They were o n e o f challenged but returned no answer , and the guard ,

14 m R ﬁr d e . Sa uel eed , then upon them This gave the alarm ,

and the whole neighborhood was soon in arms .

Col . Durfee stationed his men behind a stone wall and kept up a constant ﬁre o n the British until the latter brought A their cannon to bear . The mericans retreated slowly to f Main street , near the present location o city hall . Here a

stand was made , and the enemy so roughly handled that they soon retreated , leaving behind them one dead and another

dying , others wounded were carried with them . a 1 The att cking force numbered about 50, and was com m an d d A e by Maj or yres . When they landed they set fire to o the house f Thomas Borden , near the northeast corner of

A r Pond and nawan st eets , and also to his saw mill and grist

n ﬁre mill near the foot o f the stream . O their retreat they d R the house and other buildings of ichard Borden , then an aged

man , and took him prisoner . As they made their way down the bay the Americans continued to pour in a musket ﬁre on M r them , an d one British soldier was killed in the boats . .

Borden was released on parole after a few days . In commemoration o f this engagement Q uequ ech an Chap D A R. n ter . . . , placed a bronze tablet o the southwest corner o f on 2 1 City Hall May 5 , 899 .

FALL RI VE R A TOWN

ol i on h e After the Rev u t , t town of Freetown grew steadily , an d in 1800 had attained a population o f The residents of the southern part were now pressing to be set o ff as a separate community . Their chief argument , as set forth in a 12 1 2 an . 80 petition to the legislature dated J , , and signed by 1 5 Thomas Borden and 5 others , was that they were nearly eight miles from the town meeting house at the north end of or Freetown , that almost all of them were seafarers trades ifﬁ l men , who had no horses , thus making it d c u t to attend

meetings , that the three principal settlements were at the

points of a triangle , and that owing to the long swamp which h ran t rough the center of the town , no location for a town house equally convenient for all was possible .

15 4 1 2 A o n . 80 t a town meeting Feb , , a unani mous vote against division was adopted , but later reconsidered and a o committee appointed t present a plan for division . That committee suggested a line about where the boundary was

h . subsequently establis ed , and the report was accepted The plan was opposed in the committee hearing at the state house an d leave to withdraw reported . The house , w however , appointed a special committee to visit the to n and 5 1803 consider the matter , and this committee on Feb . , , f reported in favor o a di vision . A bill was presented and F 26 eb . passed , and was approved by Governor Caleb Strong , , 1803 , which divided the town as desired and incorporated the southerly part as Fallri ver , spelled as one word . This name h o was not pleasing , however , to those citizens w did not live m in the little community near the stream , an d at a town eet i n o n 1 9 1 04 g May , 8 , it was voted to change the name to Troy , a word said to have been selected in consequence of a favor able impression made on one o f the residents by the town of

Troy , New York . A petition to the legislature followed , an d 1 c om the change was authorized on June 8 of that year . The 0 18 4 munity continued to be known as Troy for 3 years , till 3 ,

when the present title was resumed . The change from Troy back to Fall River was urged o n two grounds , one that the village where most of the business was transacted was known as Fall River and the other that there was constant confusion in mail owing to the fact that there were other towns named

Troy .

ﬁ rs t 4 1 The town meeting was held April , 803 , at the home

of Louisa Borden , at which Simeon Borden , Thomas Borden and Charles Durfee were appointed a committee to settle affairs between the old town of Freetown and the new town . A 1 1 A secon d meeting was held on ug . 5 , 803 , when it was voted that the poor of the town should be put up at auction and the contract for their support awarded to the lowest 1 2 bidder . This practice continued until about 8 5 , though an o f almshouse was maintained during part this time . At the time Fall River began its history as a separate i town it had but about inhabitants , an d the Village tself 1 0 o f 1 1 only about 0 . The census 8 0 gave Troy a population

1 6 1 296 of but , while within a section a mile and a half square 30 there were only some dwelling houses , three saw mills ,

four grist mills , a fulling mill , a blacksmith shop and some A small stores . t the southwesterly corner of South Main and

n ow A t o n Broadway , nawan , stree was a schoolhouse , and

the line dividing the states , a short distance north of Columbia old street , was an , unplastered meeting house , occupied occa s i o n all y and called the Line Meeting House . The regular o f place worship was at the Narrows , where a Baptist church had been erected about 1 800. The entire valuation of the 1 13 town was less than and the total tax , in 8 , only 1 $ 500.

ﬁrst 1 8 4- The town house was erected in 0 05 , probably o f at the corner Main an d Wilson roads , and this continued to be the meeting place despite attempts to have it moved b 2 till it was destroyed y fire some 0 years later . A post ofﬁce 1 11 was established in 8 , but removed to Steep Brook ,

re- n ow two years later , and established at Troy , Fall River 1 1 i n 8 6 .

The custom house for the section was then at Dighton , where it had been established at the beginning of th e federal government , and Fall River remained a part o f the district of A 1 1837 otﬁ e Dighton till pril , , when the c was removed to Fall R iver , which was made the port of entry in place of Dighton , o and the name of the district changed t Fall River .

There was no regular communication with Providence , but vessels plying between Providence and Taunton called

o . here t take and leave freight Stage lines to Providence , 1 825 Newport and New Bedford were established in . A line was also run from Newport to Boston , which made deliveries here . During the war o f 1812 the town purchased a supply of

guns and ammunition , but these appear never to have been used , and were subsequently ordered sold . 1 h ﬁrs t In 81 1 Col . Josep Durfee had built the cotton mill i n this section at Globe Village , then a part of Tiverton , but

this industry was small , and though it marked the real begin ning of cotton manufacturing here , it was not until two years later that mills were erected o n the stream in what is now th e

17 o f center the city . These were the Troy Cotton Woolen R Manufactory and the Fall iver Manufactory , with capitals o f

and respectively , both started in 1813 . They gave a considerable impetus to the community and the census

of 1820 showed a population of 1594 . In the ten years between 1820 and 1830 the town ex p eri en c R ed a boom . The Fall iver Iron Works , now a great cotton

1 21 fo r manufacturing plant , began operations in 8 , the manu

o f facture of hoop and bar iron and nails , with a capital o The Pocasset Mfg . C . was started by New Bedford capitalists R ’ about the same time , obeson s print works , and the sati net 1 24 A 1 2 8 8 5 . mill , about , an d the nnawan in The Pocasset 1 826 1827 erected a new mill in , and in the small mill at the

west side of its main plant and still run by the company ,

ﬁrst Watu a known as the Massasoit and afterward as the pp . When built it was so great a w onder that people came from

i t fo r far and near to see , its size was remarkable in mill con

o n e struction . It was so large that it was felt no concern

would want to use it all , and having two wheel pits , it was o o divided into sections t let t various persons . The Fall Ri ver “

Manu factory at this time also built its Nankeen Mill , oper ated by Azariah and Jarvis Shove i n making nankeen cloth .

It was torn down when the corporation built a new mill , 1 ’ known as the whi te mill in 839 . Oli ver Chace s thread 1 83 mill , now the Conanicut , began operations in 5 . 1 2 The Fall River Bank was Opened i n 8 5 , the Fall River 1 2 1 Savings Bank in 8 8 and the Fall River U nion Bank in 830. 2 The North Burial Ground was bought in 18 5 . The undertaking business was then i n suffic i en t to make it pro fitable for any man to keep a hearse , but the town maintained one “ ” for free public use , in the hearse house , stan ding until a few years ago on the west side of North Main street , a short o f distance north Brownell street . The Monitor newspaper began publication as a weekly in 1 2 otfice o n 8 6 , with its first issue appearing from an Bedford street near Main . The first steps toward a fire department were taken fi re the following year , when ten wards , or wardens , were 1829 appointed , and in an engine was purchased an d a house

1 8 f i d erected o r t . This supplemente a bucket engine which 1 1 had been secured in 8 8 . u The ch rches had now become more numerous , and som e o f the older structures still standing were erected between 2 f 1 5 1850. O 8 and these , the First Congregational , at the Elm corner of North Main and streets , was completed in 1832 , o n 1 4 the First Christian , Franklin street , burned in 8 3 , had 1 been built in 830 and the Unitarian , which originally stood at 1835 the corner of Second and Borden streets , in . A Methodist church had been formed here in 1827 and had erected an edi

ﬁce h o f south of Central street , and the C urch the Ascension , o f E the beginning the Protestant piscopal work here , had been organized in 1836 . The Friends Meeti n g House erected i n 1821 on North Main street was moved and a larger one took its 1 1 4 place in 836 . The Baptist Temple dates from 8 0 and th e M E u o n 1 First . . Ch rch location South Main street from 844 . The ﬁ rs t Roman Catholic service is believed to have been held F R 1829 1836 w in all iver in , and in a ooden chapel , called St . ’ ’

oh n s St . n o w J , was erected where Mary s cathedral stands . In 1841 the selectmen were instructed at Town meeting to employ some one to take charge of the clock o f the Stone ” church and keep it running , and this has been done by the town and city up to the present day . In the decade beginning with 1831 the town continued to move forward and increased its population more than 60 per 1830to 1840 A cent . , from in in . The merican Print 1835 Works began operation in January , , with four printing ﬁ ve machines , and enlarged years later . The machine method of producing calico , a few years after , wholly superseded ﬁr o r . At s t block , hand , printing only two or three colors were applied by mac hinery , but mechanical ingenuity soon succeeded in multiplying them to such an extent and applying them with so much precision that manual printing became obsolete . fo r New streets were called and provided . Pocasset and 18 0 1 32 Pleasant were opened in 3 , while in 8 , those laid out ,

r extended o accepted included Cherry , formerly known as A ri n Washi n to n Tasker , Broadway , later called nnawan , Sp g , g 1 o u t R and U nion . In 835 many others were laid , and ock ,

19 E which had been known as xchange street , was given its fi V present title . The rst public drain in the illage , at the ” 1831 18 Four Corners , was begun in , and in 35 the poor farm t Park w as property , including what is now the Nor h , purchased . “ The Four Corners was the j unction o f North and South

Main , Central and Bedford streets . Here was the cleft ” rock at the northeast corner , the place of evening gatherings ,

of the Villagers to discuss public and other questions . South of Central street was the Creek extending from the presen t easterly end of what was formerly known as the to t Metacomet Mill , westerly nearly present Water S . The 15 4 0 width of this creek varied from 0 to 0 feet , the wider en d w h ere portion being at the easterly , , near th e shore , stood

a grist mill and saw mill .

This creek was navigable , and the Providence packet

came to the doors of the mi lls to receive and deliver freight . On the northerly side was a landing from which large quanti t ies of wood were taken , it being consigned to Newport an d

other nearby points . o From the landing to the t n of the ban k , a short distance south of Central street , was a wood slide havi ng a bottom o f i 18 oak plank , w th sides about inches in height . Wood drawn in from the outlying districts and thrown into this slide soon found its way to the landing below , where it was easily loaded i nto vessels .

A wood lot was considered as good as a bank account , there being quite a demand for wood , and any person in need

of cash could , provided he had the wood , load his team , drive “ ” ifﬁ l to town , and convert it into cash without d cu ty .

At th e ﬂoati n westerl y end of the creek , there were g in th e water a large number of pine logs of various lengths from

f r which pumps were to be made as called o . The only metho d of obtai ning water for domestic purposes was by use of wells

or pumps , an d there was a steady , though not great demand

for pumps . Two , or more , were installed in each sailing l t t o vesse . The obj ec of keeping the logs in the water was

prevent cracking , as would have been the case had they been ’

exposed to the sun s rays . It was somewhat of a feat to bore

one of these logs and get the opening straight , and in the

2 1843 4 ’ day , July , , starting about o clock in the afternoon , in a pile o f shavings , from the premature celebration of the o f Fourth by small boys . It began near the corner Main an d

- Borden streets in the rear of a large three story warehouse , an d almost instantly spread to the neighboring buildings . A ﬂam s high southwest wind fanned the e and carried the sparks .

No rain had fallen for weeks , an d the buildings were very As dry . a consequence the structures on both sides of Main

n ﬁ r street were soon o e, and the whole space between Main ,

R . Franklin , ock an d Borden streets was burned over A i o change in the direct on f the wind from southwest to north , r thus driving the ﬁ e back over the burned district , was probably all that prevented the destruction o f nearly the

o ff entire village . The water in the stream had been draw n o f to allow repairs in some the mills , an d the only means of

ﬁ h i n g t g the flames were hand engines and bucket brigades . ’ A u v bo t ten o clock in the evening , a vessel arri ed from Bristol ,

with a hand engine , which assisted in saving houses on s Purcha e street . 200 95 Nearly buildings were destroyed , i ncluding dwell ” ings , the Old Bri dge Mill , the Methodist and Christian A f churches , the nnawan schoolhouse , the po stof ice and custom

house and two hotels . The loss was estimated at

- o f about one third which was covered by insurance . A relief

committee was appointed , to care for those made destitute , o A and an appeal for help sent t other town s . lmost f 1 was received in response , o which $ 3 , 165 came from Boston , 1 while Providence and New Bedford each sent about $ 700. N ew York also sent funds . The town recovered quickly from the ﬁre that at ﬁrs t i o f seemed a calamity , and the new buildings erected n place

the old were substantial and , undoubtedly , a great improve

ment on those which had been destroyed . They included the

Granite Block , and several at least , of the brick buildings now o n standing North Main street between Bedford and Franklin .

A new town hall , the walls of which are those of the present 1 45 city hall , was constructed , and dedicated , Dec . 30, 8 . This had markets and offices on the first flo o r and a large hall and offic town es above .

22 In new industries a mill known as the Massasoit Steam

Mill , because , unlike the other mills , it had no water power , 1 4 being operated by steam , was erected in 8 5 , on the west Davol side of street , at the end of Cherry , and a mill was built 1 4 by Augustus Chace and William B . Trafford in 8 5 , for the f o w . manufacture cotton twine , batting and cotton arp It m was later known as the Wyo ing Mills . The buildings were

fo r 1 sold to James Marshall the hat factory about 896 . The years 1846 and 1847 saw the erection of two large

ﬁrs o f . mills , the t that type The earlier factories had been 4 1 but two or three stories high , 0 or 50 feet wide and about 00

n feet long . The Pocasset Company o w constructed a mill of

ﬁ ve 21 stories , 9 feet i n length and 75 feet wide , and the Fall

R o iver Iron Works C . built the Metacomet mill , which it long controlled and which was likewise a tremendous plant for

o . those times . Six years later the American Linen C was

established , with extensive buildings , an d designed , primarily ,

for as its name implies , the manufacture of linen goods , in A which it engaged for some years . nother considerable

industry had grown up at Globe Village , i n the Globe Print

Works , on the stream from the Cook Pond into the bay . To meet the increased business , addition al banks had likewise 1 46 been established , the Massasoit in 8 , the Citizens Savings 1 1 4 i n 185 , the Metacomet in 1852 and the Pocasset in 85 .

The new mills brought new inhabitants , including immi grants from Great Britain , and the population grew to in 4 1 . 18 5 , and i n 850 New school buildings were required

bu ilt th eAn n aw an and , having been burned and rebuilt shortly 1 43 1 46 after 8 , the High street , later called the Lincoln , in 8 ,

1 4 1 52 An the June street in 8 9 and the Columbia street about 8 . 1 4 evening school was opened in 8 8 , a high school the following 1 52 to year , on Franklin street , but removed in 8 the building f r erected o its use on June street , later called the Foster O o n e Hooper . ther early schools were of brick on the west o f t side North Main stree , opposite where the Narragansett “ Mill n o w stands and the Green Schoolhouse o n the north side o f Ro c 1 832 Franklin street , between High and k , erected in ﬁrs t ﬂ o f and later sold , and occupied on the oor by members the

Soci ety of Friends and on the upper ﬂoor by a private school .

23 o f 1844 an d A police force six men had been appointed in ,

1 1 o n a hospital built on the town farm land in 85 , the north o f side Brownell street , about midway between North Main

street and Highlan d avenu e . Gas had been introduced in 1 847 20 , and three years later the first street lights of gas , some 30 1 3 or , were authorized . In 85 the records show an appropri ation of for street sprinkling .

A regular steamer was now plying to Providence . The 1828 Hancock , of 98 tons , began trips in September , , was 169 1 2 succeeded by the King Philip , of tons , in 83 , an d the

3 1845 Can on i cu s Bradford Durfee , of 3 3 tons in . The , an 1 49 8 . excursion boat , was built in , and later enlarged The 1 854 w as 1 57 Metacomet , which came here in , in 8 purchased by the United States government and entered the navy as the ﬁn ll M on vi eo ru u a gunboat Pulaski . She was a y sold at te d , U g y , 186 L Pl 1 0 in 3 , and was plying on the a atte river as late as 87 . Before the Hancock took her place on the line there were

r n n i n R packets u g regularl y between Providence an d Fall iver , Bo r n h h n under command of Capt . Thomas d e , w o , w e the Han

u rch a d ro h cock was p se , b ug t her around from Boston an d after m H e ward com anded her . was extremely unwilling to turn from anything he had undertaken , and when , in bringing the Hancock up the Seacon n et river he foun d she was a little too

wide to pass through the draw at Stone Bridge , he is said to have hewn off with a broadaxe enough of the guards to allow

o r . her to pass , rather than go back an d come up via N eW p t

Steamers were also running to New York , beginning E with the udora , a propeller , which began making schedule 1 4 trips about once a week early in 8 5 . What later became the Fall River Line had its beginning 1846 o in , when the Bay State Steamboat C . was organized and began passenger service with two steamers , the Bay State

ﬁ r and the Massachuse tts . They were the st to approach the

modern standard of Sound steamers , and served as models for 1 those subsequently built . The Bay State was in service 7 1 4 years , and was dismantled in 86 , when her hull was con verted into a barge and her engine placed i n the Old Colony . Soon after the line was opened another steamer was needed , and the Rhode Island was chartered until the Empire

24 f State was ready . The latter , built o r the service , was 1848 1 1 completed in , and remained in use on the line till 87 , when she was sold and later used as an excursion boat running ou t of Boston . She ended h er days by burning at the dock I 14 h 1 R. t 887 at Bristol , . May , . Next was the State of Maine , which had been built for a line proj ected between Boston and

Portland , but which was never employed there and was sold

R o i n to the Fall iver Line soon after her completion . She j ed ﬂ t 1850 1 63 ee 8 . the in , and remained in service till The

1854 ﬁ n s o f Metropolis followed i n , and was the e t boat the period . Between 1840 and 1860 a half dozen or more whale ships ﬁ o o n were tted u t here and sent cruises , though after the dis c overy o f gold in California most o f them were used in trans porting passengers and freight to the Pacific coast . The wharf where they discharged their cargoes was on Davo l

o street , being the one occupied by Pardee Young C . R fo r 9 The Fall iver railroad was opened travel June , 4 1 8 5 . It ran to Myricks , where connection was made with trains by which o n e could reach Boston over the New Bedford

and Taunton , the Taunton Branch and the Boston and Provi dence railroads . The station was j ust south of the Central street tunnel , but was discontinued and a new station erected on the wharf when the steamboat line to New York was opened .

FALL RI VE R A CI TY

1 54 Fall River became a city in 8 , adopting a seal with the “ ’ ” o f motto We ll Try . It then had a population more than a valuation o f and an annual tax of

ﬁre It had school , and police departments , churches , mills , railroad and steamship lines , an d was a thri ving and vigorous o f 1 1 th town , well equipped to assume the duties the city of the commonwealth .

The change , from town to city government , appears to have been generall y desired , and steps toward bringing it t o n 5 1854 about were taken at a town mee ing Jan . , , one

25 l o f fo r f artic e the warrant which was , to see what action i

any the Town will take i n relation to obtaining a City Charter .

A committee was appointed , consisting of Foster Hooper , chair N B B ufﬁn o n man , John Westall , . . Borden , Israel t , Thomas E R . L Wilbur , obert C Brown , liab Williams , Samuel . Thaxter and Louis Lapham , to petition the legislature and draft a M r proposed charter . . Westall declined to serve , and Benj a E min arl was appointed in his place . The Committee reported a charter and after some amen dments it was submitted to the legislature . The desired act of incorporation was secured A 1 2 1 854 pril , , and approved by the voters of the town at a

o n 22 529 247 meeting April by a vote of to . o f The charter provided for the election a mayor , the divi o f o f sion the city into six wards , the election a board of alder o f men of six members , one from each ward , and a common o f coun cil composed three members from each ward . It also

ﬁr provided for the establishing of e and police departments . ﬁ rst 6 The city election was held on May , resulting in

f B fﬁn o n the choice o James u t , afterwards congressman , for E P Bufﬁ n o n H . O . mayor , and James Henry , dward t , liver E li B A . u u s . H athaway , lvan S Ballard , dwin Shaw and J

i n au Champney for aldermen . The new government was g u on 15 rated a t the city hall May , with prayer , the administer fﬁ o c W . ing of the oaths of e and addresses by Chester Greene ,

o f chairman the selectmen , and the mayor .

B f r - Mayor u ﬁnton was e elected in the following year , but o n resigned his election to Congress , and was succeeded by

E P B n o n 1 7 B dward . u ffi t , followed in 85 by Nathaniel . Borden ; 1858 1 5 o s i ah 1 860 in and 8 9 by J C. Blaisdell , and in again by

E P Bu ffin to n otfice dward . , who remained in throughout the 1 67 war , an d until 8 . One of the first important acts of the new city government w as 47 o f 1 00 the purchase of acres land in 855 , at $2 an acre k At for a burial ground , and called Oa Grove Cemetery . this time the city traded a tract of land between North Main street and present Highlan d avenue , on both sides of present Lincoln

n 1853 . ave ue , which the town had bought for a park in 1854 During the summer of , this city , as did many others ,

suffered from an outbreak of cholera , which , before it was

26 Of stamped out in October , caused the death 130 persons . Only the most stringent quarantine regulations prevented o f much greater ravages the disease . 1857 The panic of cau sed much suffering , as nearly all the clos e an d mills were obliged to , in November only tw o were in To o n operation . meet the situation , recommendation o f

Mayor Borden , large numbers of men were given work by the city , at ten cents an hour , at the cemetery and poor farm and A o f on the highways . bout the close the year , however , the

New York banks resumed payment, and the stringency was

relieved , allowing the resumption of work in the mills . The following year some dissatisfactionwas felt with the city charter , and an attempt was made to secure a return to A the town form of government . public meeting attended 400 by some citizens showed , however , that sentiment was about t w o to one in favor o f continuing with the existing government , and the agitation subsided . The annual municipal election had been held on the fi rs t 1860 Monday in March , but in this was changed to the first Monday in December an d the municipal year m o dified so as to o f begin in Jann ary . The date the election was later changed i to the Tuesday after the f rst Monday . 1860 In the same year , , a public library was established , though deserving pupils in the public schools had since 1837 been entitled , in consideration of a payment of $800 by the o f town , to the use the books of the Athenaeum , a private 1 5 o library organized in 83 . Mos t f the volumes in its collection fire o f 1 4 were destroyed by the 8 3 , but a new library had now first been collected , housed in the town hall and subsequently in the o ld M usic hall on Franklin street . Through an agree ment with the stockholders of the Athenaeum the city obtained i ts collection of volumes , to which were added by gi ft o 214 belonging t the Ocean Fire Company , and wi th these the library was opened for use , in the southwest corner of the

ﬂo or 1 1 1 second of the city hall building , May , 86 . This was but nine years after the founding , in Boston , of the ﬁrs t free

public library in the world supported by general taxation . A beginning o f a modern fire department was made in ﬁr t ﬁre 1 859 , when the s steam engine was purchased , and in

27 1860 the ﬁrst permanent member o f the department w as engaged as its driver . The making o f flour was a considerable industry at one

time , and there were three plants engaged in this business . f The irst of these was the Bristol County Flour Mills , erected 1852 Davo l i n , at the corner of Central and streets , which had l 80 barre s a . a capacity of day The Massasoit Flour Mills , o s t n s h a o f 2 where the Massasoit Mfg . G . now a d , d a capacity 00 A barrels a day , an d conti nued till the late seventies . t the foot of Central street the Fall River Flour Mills were started 1 61 i n 8 and were smaller than either of the others . A most important step in the development of the city ’ s

n u w as 1 59 i d stries made in 8 , in the organization of the U nion o ﬁrst Mill C . the corporation whose capital was secured by public subscription . Before this time the manufacturing corporations had been in the hands of comparati vely few

r i nte ests , but now , funds were secured aggregating

in shares of each , and a mill of spindles was

o f erected . Its success brought abou t the starti ng many other 18 new mills , the Granite in 63, the Robeson , Tecumseh

1866 D ol 1867 and Durfee in , the Merc hants and av in , the 1 6 Mechanics in 8 8 and many others within the next decade ,

h m ﬁr i 1 m o n st 1 7 . a g t e , the f ne goods mill , the King Philip , i n 8 The news of the ﬁri n g on Fort Sumter aroused a storm o f At patriotic feeling . a crowded public meeting in city hall on 1 186 1 April 9 , , the day the Massachusetts troops were attacked in the streets of Baltimore , speeches were made by many prominent men of the city and resolutions adopted by acclama t o f ion , declaring that the government the Union must be sustained and calling on the city to appropriate for the aid of those who might volunteer and for the support of their families , and to pay each volunteer $20a month in addition f to what the government of ered . Five days later the city l counci appropriated the as requested , and voted to 15 pay $ each month for every volunteer . The city was the third in the list of applicants to Governor A ndrew for permission to raise military companies . Enlist m ents had already begun under Lieutenant Cushing , who had

W . .seen service in the Mexican war , while Chester Greene

o f R The change annexed to the city , the town Fall iver ,

Rhode Island , which by its request had been set apart from t 1 56 c . 6 8 . Tiverton by the Rhode Island legislature O , This had an area of about nine square miles , a population of and a valu ation of The town had been closely

allied with the city , and the merger was of the greatest

advantage to both . The war period also saw a great improvement in the rail es road faciliti of the city , through the extension of the exist ing road to Newport in 1863 and the constr u ction of a line to ﬁ r Providence two years later . The st passenger train to

o v 1 9 1 63 ﬁrs t Stone Bridge w as run on N . , 8 , and the to New

o port n the 26th of the same month . The railroad from

to m Warren South So erset , where connection was made with

a ferryboat to this city , had been begun in the same year , but

sc arci ty of labor , high cost of materials an d severe weather i t 22 1865 combined to cause delay , an d was not until May , ,

ﬁrst that the train was run over this line . Connection was

o f made with a ferryboat landing at the foot Ferry street . Two toll roads within the city limits w ere discontinued

n e o f n o w about this time . O these was , what is Pleasant

r ‘ st eet , east of Q uarry , near which a toll house and gate 1827 stood . This road which had been built in , started from

an Twelfth street , d continued into Westport . It was called

Watu a the pp Turnpike , an d was owned by a stock company , R Watu a known as the Fall iver and pp Turnpike Corporation , which was reimbursed when the toll road was made a public 1 thoroughfare by the county commissioners in 865 . Previous l to that time the O d Bedford Road , now County street w as available as a public highway fo r those who did not wish to

pay toll , but i t was not kept in good repair . The second toll road ran from the corner of Chace and

Bay streets , where the gate was situated . nearly to Stone o Bridge . S much of it as was within the city limits , was 1 opened to the public by the aldermen in 863 . ﬁr Soon after the close of the war , the st large numbers

of French Canadians , who have since become so considerable ’ an element in the population , began to come here . The city s

industri es were prosperous , the demand for labor was keen ,

30 - and the early comers , who soon found employment , sent for others , resulting in a large immigration .

Meantime , to meet the needs of the growing community , Wam su tta progress had been made in various directions . The B ank , afterwards the Second National , had been started in 1856 1 4 A , and in 86 the First National . third savings bank , 1 56 the Fall River Five Cents Savings , was opened in 8 and the U 1 nion Savings followed in 869 . The free delivery of mail 1 ﬁrs su eri n had also been put into effect in 863, and the t p 1 tendent of schools in the city elected in 865 . 1 1 60 The churches had been active , and between 850and 8 d iﬁ e the e c s now occupied by the First Baptist , the United ’ ’ Presbyterian , St . Paul s Methodist Episcopal and St . Mary s ’ R t e oman Catholic , had been added o the city s notable stru tures .

B fii n 1 Mayor u ton had been succeeded in 867 by George 0. M 1 . Fairbanks , who served two years , and in 869 by Samuel 2 Brown , who remained i n otfice until 187 . Especially notable ’ i n Mayor Fairbanks administration was th e erection of the B Morgan street school , now known as the N . . Borden , the fi rs t large school building and the first to be constructed of

other material than wood , the purchase of the South Park and the laying out and working o f Highland road . From a population of about at the time it became f a city , Fall River had advanced to by the end o the ﬁ Civil War . In the ve years that followed , it added nearly 1 o ula inhabitants , and the census of 870 showed a p p

7 -1 1 w tion of 2 9 . The valuation in that period gre from to and the number of spindles in operation from to It had made great strides , but even greater were to follow .

1 8 71 - 1 8 90

The period of 187 1 and 1872 will long be recalled as ’ remarkable for the wonderfully rapid increase in th e city s i ndustries and corresponding growth in wealth and p op ula tion . Fifteen new corporations were formed and began the

31 erection of large mills , eleven of which were constructed i n 1 2 a single year , 87 . From this period date the Stafford ,

Weetam o N arra an e, Slade . Richard Borden , Wampanoag , g O M o n tau sett , King Philip , Crescent , sborn , Chace , p , Flint ,

Border City , Sagamore , Shove and Barnard , as well as the R t Fall iver Bleachery . The mills buil in the previous decade

had prospered , co n ﬁd en c e was strong and capital easy to

secure .

Land values doubled and trebled , carpenters and masons were everywhere in demand and the city grew as it had

never grown before . Nearly nine million dollars were added

to its taxable valuation in a single year . The new factories

gave employment to additional hands , and newcomers

with their families poured in from every side . In the four years between 1870 and 1874 more than inhabitants

were added to the city , increasing the population to It was at this period that the very rapi d growth of o f the eastern section the city , popularly known as Flint V illage , began . It had until this time been sparsely settled

ﬁrs farming lan d , but the t mills were so quickly followed by u others , that a considerable community speedily grew p , and

- the vacant land was soon covered with buildings . To day a 1 o territory , that in 870 was almost entirely given u p t agri

culture , is covered with what is in itself a small ci ty ;

The northern section called Border City , and the southern section embracing Globe Village also began their rapid

development at this time , for mills were built there as well f as at the east end . The growth of the Sta ford Road and

Maplewood districts is more recent . ﬁr Better highways , schools and e protection were required ’ and furnished . In the closing years of Mayor Brown s ad T ministration , and in that of Robert . Davis , who was the o f 1873 chief executive the city in , important highway improve

ments were made , including the widening of North Main ,

South Main and Pleasant streets .

Three large schools were ordered , the Slade , Davis and

Davenport , two of which were begun , an d work started on ﬁr th three e and police stations at e north , east and south ends f th 1 4 o e . 87 city In the public schools , i n , text books were

made free to the pupils . 32 Still other municipal work at this time was the laying o ut 1871 o f of the South Park in and the rebuilding the city hall , fﬁ s o ce . to meet the demand for additional A mansard roof , tower and clock were added at a total cost of Even more important was the construction of the water for works system . This had been urged years , but it was n ot until 1 870 after an analysis of the water in the wells had con d iti on w hi l Watu a shown a dangerous , e that in the North pp ﬁrst wh en analyzed proved to be unusually pure , that the o f steps were taken toward the construction a system . Forty eight acres of land at the head of Bedford street were pur

chased , and an engineer engaged to prepare plans . In March , 1 1 87 , the legislature authorized the proj ect , and it was A 10 approved by the voters at an election on pril , at which o f 9 933 voted in favor it and only 8 against .

ﬁrst The board of water commissioners , Philip D . Borden , os e h A William Lindsey and J p . Bowen , was elected the following spring and in the fall , work was begun on the con o f struction a road , nearly a mile an d a half long , which it was necessary to build to the site selected for a pumping for 1 2 station . The foundations the buildings were built in 87

an d the superstructure was completed the next year . These fo r 121 included a granite tower standpipes , feet high , the n o f 72 24 balco y which , situated feet above th e base , is 3 feet f above sea level . The laying o mains had meantime been in 1 4 6 progress , and by September , 876 , 5 miles of pipe from

o 24 d An t inches i n diameter , had been installe . engine had i n 1873 ﬁrs t been put , in and pumped the water through the

an . mains in December of that year , though it was not until J A 4 . 8 , 1 87 , that it was available for public use second pump c 1 was added in 1875 . The cost of the water system to O t . , 1 6 87 , was m With a water works syste in operation , the city now

turned its attention to the building of sewers , and in the F o f . administration James Davenport , who was mayor from

1 . 1874 to 877 , large sums were expended on this work Following substantially the plans which had been prepared by 1 Phinehas Ball in 873 , a total of feet were constructed in 1874 at a cost o f more than Practically

33 was used in 1 876 , when more than four mil es o f sewers were

built . Other notable city work at this period included the erection of the large Davenport school , and the construction ﬁre of a station on Plymouth avenue and a new city hospital . The new Central Congregational Church and the Church o f the Ascension were erected in 1875 and the former dedi

Blo ck co n i n i n c ated at thi s time . The Borden , ta g the Academy 6 1 7 an . 8 6 . of Music , was Opened on J , The railroad between

this city and New Bedford had likewise been completed , an d o n 1 the ﬁrst passenger train run over it Dec . 6 , 1875 . ’

It was at this period , too , that Slade s Ferry bridge was o ld t built , doing away with the ferryboat sys em and furnish ing much more convenient co m m u n i cati on b etw een the city ‘ and the towns on the west side of the Taunton river , as well o f as the running Providence trains directly to the city . This 4 1 bridge , which was opened to the public on Jan . , 876 , had been authorized by the legislature in 1 872 and was begun in

October two years later . It was completed except fo r the 9 5 9 1875 . 5 approaches on Nov . , It is feet long an d 20 feet wide an d cost of which the county paid the city Somerset Swan sea an d the Old

Colony Railroad Company the remain der . During its co n struction ﬁve men were killed by the bursting of an air 4 ﬁr t 4 187 . s chamber , Dec . , The train was run across it Dec . 1 5 6 87 . ,

Prior to the erection of the bridge , a ferry had long been o f maintained here by members the Slade family , established 1 by William Slade , soon after he settled in Somerset in 689 . ﬁ rs Rowboats were used at t , then sailboats and later , begin o n ning in 1826 , a boat propelled by horses , which the stages h orse o could cross . The steamer Faith succeeded the b at in 1 4 Weetam o e 1859 8 7 , followed by the in , and was used till the bridge was opened to travel . The fare was established by the county commissioners . of Old In 1 863 , following the extension the Colon y Rail o road to Newport , th e Bay State Steamboat C which estab li sh ed the Fall Ri ver Line , transferred its steamboats to the

ew o r Co . Boston , N p t New York Steamboat and withdrew

34 f Th i i i l rom business . e new l ne established ts term na at

ew ort 1865 N p , and in added two new steamers , the Newport l ﬂ and the O d Colony , to its eet .

Th e steamers Bristol and Providence , contracted for by a line from New York to Groton which failed , were completed 1 67 1868 1869 in 8 , and in and they were run between New

York an d Bristol by the Narragansett Steamship Co . , i n “ ” which Jim Fiske was active . They were so far in advance

of previous model s that they were looked on as marvels , an d

- E their fame was world wide . ach boat had a band , and th e ofﬁcers and crew wore uniforms , innovations which helped 1869 to make the line famous . In the company which had R acquired the Fall iver Line succumbed to its Bristol rival , and E the steamboats Bay State , mpire State , Metropolis , New port an d Old Colony were added to the fleet o f the Narragan

o sett C . , which soon after removed its terminus from Bristol to Fall River , discontinuing the line between Newport and 1869 New York . This was in , and this port has since re 1 4 mained the eastern terminus . In 87 the line was acquired o by the Old Colony Steamboat C . , a corporation organized by o the interests that controlled the Old Colony Railroad C .

ﬁ rs o n The steamer Pilgrim , the t steamboat Long Island

i ron took o n Sound to be built of , her place the line in June , 1 1889 1 9 883 , the Puritan in , the Pl ymouth in 8 0, the Priscilla 1 4 o f 1 in 89 , the Providence , the second that name , in 905 19 and the Commonwealth in 08 . The Plymouth was burned 1 906 at her dock in Newport in , while undergoing repairs , but was rebuilt and placed in service again the following

m n iﬁ cen t year . Such ag boats as these have made the Fall

River Line famous the world over . 1 4 Since 89 the line has been controlled by the New York , o New Haven Hartford Railroad C . In 1874 the steamer Richard Borden of 785 tons was

placed o n the Providence Line . The narrowness of the Providence ri ver made it very d ifﬁc ult for boats to turn and ” this boat was constructed as a double ender , that is , to run in either direction much the same as a ferry boat ; she was

unusually fast , accommodated a large number of passengers A t an d became very popular . f er many years she was sold to

35 ' - m F i . the. Jo y Line an d re named The airf eld She then ran fro 1 New York on the Bridgeport Line and was dismantled in 1 9 0. 1 8 0 In 888 the Mount Hope of 8 tons , built in Boston , was placed o n the line to run to Block Island . This boat was both swift and staunch and still makes regular trips in the summer between Providence and Block Island , calling at Newport . Soon after 1900 the passenger service which had been maintained between Providence and Fall River since 1828 was

. u ti1 1905 discontinued . Freight boats were run n when the e h e company withdr w from t service . The lin e was run as a part of the Fall River Iron Works m 1 2 1 C o mpany fro its inception in 8 8 unti l 880, when it was incorporated as th e Fall River Providence Steamboat Com 1 96 R pany . In 8 it was sold to the Provi dence , Fall iver

Newport Steamboat Company which continues business ,

i ﬁ n i n n ro ﬁ although it has wi thdrawn from th s port , d g it u p t able to compete with the electric railroads between thi s city

and Providence . A freight line is now in existence under the name of the

o . o f Dyer Transportation C , while the freight steamers the Mercha nts Miners Transportation Co xm ake thi s c ity a port

- of call for the Philadelphia Providence steamers . The federal government recognizing the growing import t ance of the ci y , authorized the erection of the handsome i postoff ce an d custom house on Bedford street . This was 1875 1 ‘ begun in and completed in 880, at a total cost of

of which was for lan d . The ﬁrs t session of the superior court was held here on 27 1877 June , , in a large room in the new Borden Block , where sittings continued to be hel d till the North Main street 1 court house was ready for use . Until 877 sessions were held

t n i n his county o ly in Taunton and N ew Bedford . A further addition to the steamship facilities of the port 1 76 had been made in 8 , when the Clyde Line made this the

terminus for its Philadelphia steamers . The city had suffered in the panic of 1873 and in The V ” 1875 Great acation of , when the mills were closed for nine

weeks during the summer , but these were mild in com parison wi th th e losses caused through ﬁn an c i al irregulari ties

- ﬁrs t o f The Troy Co Operati ve Bank , the the four institution s o f this nature which now hold large sums collected

n o f 1880 through the savi gs the citizens , was established in , ’ 1 2 R followed by th e People s in 88 , and the Fall iver in 1 B 888 . New homes were needed by the First National ank , the Fall Ri ver National , the Massasoit and the Metacomet , and suitable buildings were erected between 1 887 and 189 2 . 1 The industries of the city after 880, began to move for 1 1 ward , and , beginning in 88 , the city saw the formation

o f before the end the decade , of the Globe Yarn , which for erected three mills , the Laurel Lake , the Barnaby , the

aco n n t manufacture of ginghams , the Se e , the Hargraves and o f the Kerr Thread . It also saw the erection new mills

by the Durfee , Sagamore , Richard Borden , Border City , f Tecumseh , and Staf ord corporations and the construction of the ﬁrs t o f the seven large mills o f the Fall River Iron

o Works C . , a corporation which years before had carried on

a large iron business here , and which has been maintained o under its old name , t preserve valuable rights given by its

charter , though now engaged in cotton manufacturing . Across the Rhode Island line in Tiverton but so near that Ri i m Fall ver benef tted largely fro them , were built the o f f plant the Bourne Mills , and a secon d mill o the Shove . Approximately spindles were added at this time bring

ing the total well above the two million mark .

1 887 be In the latter part of the decade , too , in , a small ginning h ad been made toward what is n o w the large hat

manufacturing establishment of the Marshall Brothers .

The magnificent high school building given by Mrs . Mary

E o f . Young in memory her son , Bradford Matthew Chaloner 18 3 1 1 Durfee , was begun i n 8 and completed on June 5 , 887 , to when it was with due ceremonies presented the city , accompanied with an endowm ent of Of beautiful

proportions and placed on a commanding location , it was a splendid addition to the city from an architectural as well as f 2 an educational point o view . It has a total length of 53 feet , 9 a greatest width of 0 feet , with two towers , one bearing a

clock and chimes and the other a telescope .

38 The record of the city government during th e decade

S. shows a quiet but steady forward movement . William

r - 1881 Greene was mayor in 1880 and was e elected in , but resigned to become postmaster and was succeeded by Robert

Henry . The ofﬁ ce of city engineer was established . The Linden and Cambridge street schools were erected an d the

city stables begun . 1882 18 K In and 83, Henry . Braley , now a j ustice of the ex ec u supreme j udicial court of Massachusetts , was the chief tive . In his term , electric street lighting was introduced , and th e North Park dedicated to park purposes .

r 1 4 A Milton Reed succeeded M . Braley in 88 . dditional electric street lights were erected and three four - room school M buildings erected , the Covel Street , the t . Hope Avenue and the Brownell Street .

W . 1 John Cummings , mayor in 885 , was succeeded in 1886 o the 1887 by William S. Greene , and returned t o e i n and 1 ll March 888 . o h a The burning f the interior and roof of city , 19 1886 , , leaving only the walls , and its rebuilding at a cost of the widening o f South Main street from Pocasset to to Anawan , a width o f 60 feet , and the dedication of the new high school are the facts that stand out most prominentl y

i n the record of these years .

1 890- 1 91 1

In the 20 years si nce 1890 Fall River has continued to

make wonderful progress . It has added more than inhabitants , increasing the number from to by 1910 60 the federal census of , a gain of practically per cent . The assessed valuation has increased from to

a gain of 73 per cent . The city has come but little short of doubling the number of spindles in its mills .

r e tiﬁe It has extended and greatly improved its s t e ts , beau d

its parks , protected the purity of the water supply , added

playgrounds , placed wires underground , eliminated grade crossings an d has seen the building of a handsome new bridge h e across t Taunton river .

39 rected i n clu d i n Scores of beautiful buildings have been e , g ’

those of the superior and district courts , schools , the Boys ’ ’ Club and its extension , the Women s Union , the Young Men s A A Christian ssociation , the Public Library , the rmory , and ’

the churches of Notre Dame and Ste . Anne , with the latter s t conven and rectory . Five n ew hospitals have been built , U A ’ $ the nion , Ste . nne s , the Highland , the City , and the Con ’ ta i o u s g , and buildings have been erected for the Children s ’

t . A Home , S Vincent s orphanage , the Home for ged People

and the Bishop Stang Day Nursery . Many modern business

blocks have been constructed , including those of the Massa

- soit Pocasse t and Metacomet National Banks , the Bennett

building , the Dail y Globe building and the large department o n stores South Main street .

R - Fall iver has seen times of depression , but to day is

bigger , better an d stronger than ever before . Four new manufacturing corporatio n s were formed here 9 s in the early 0 , the Algonqui n Printing Co . , the Sanford o o . Spinning C . , the Stevens Mfg . C , and the Parker Mills , R o and all erected large plants . The Fall iver Iron Works C . 2 4 2 3 . erected mills Nos . , and , the Hargraves a No , the 2 o 3 3 Chace a No . , the Tecumseh a N . , the Granite a No . , 4 and the Union a No . , while the King Philip put up a large weave shed and the Seac o n n et materially increased its

capacity . A 1897 The rkwright was incorporated in , an d about this

time the Laurel Lake extended its plant , the Globe Yarn enlarged and the Barnard an d the Shove constructed weave

sheds that are small mills in themselves . 19 Since 00 the Iron Works Co . has built two mills , the

Davis two , the Flint , the Sagamore and the Stevens one each .

o 1906 The Lincoln Mfg . C . incorporated in , has begun opera A tions . The lgonquin Printing Co . has erected its largest Weetam oe building . The Barnard , the Narragan sett , the ,

and the Stafford have extended their plants , and th e fact o ri es of the Charlton Mills , the Pilgrim Mills , and the Stan

o dard Fabric C . have been begun .

r During the ﬁ s t four years of this period , ending with 1 894 , Dr . John W . Coughlin was mayor and much was done

40 ﬁr to meet the needs of the growing community . The e dis i tri et ordinance was amended in his f rst term , and the police

1 93 D vo l force was enlarged and reorganized . In 8 , the a and

Osborn schools were completed . The new city hospital was 1 1 4 Opene d , July , 89 , and a city dispensary established , i n t hat year . Ah important change at this time was in the motive po wer t of the street cars , which were equipped with electrici y in the 2 ﬁrs t 1 1 89 . Au . 7 summer of The car was run on g , from the

o n 2 Stafford road car house to Morgan street , and Sept . the

ﬁ rs t electric car ran through the center of the city . About

this period also an independent electric road , called the Fall

Ri ver Street Railway , had been built from the corner of North

Main and Bank streets to the Highlands , which was absorbed R A 1 4 by the Globe Street ailway Compan y in pril , 89 . The R Dartmouth Westport Street ailway to New Bedford , was 1 built in the latter year and opened July . It has now been R o U C . acquired by the nion Street ailway of New Bedford . O ther suburban roads have followed . The Dighton , 1 95 Somerset Swansea was built in 8 , but did not give direct 5 1903 1 9 service into the city till May , , the Newport road in 8 8 , 1 1 E and the Providence line in 90 . lectric express service was 1903 1 begun to New Bedford in and to Providence in 905 , and later to Taunton and Brockton , and a substantial freight house 1910 E built on Bedford street i n . lectric street sprinkling 19 dates from 05 . The steam road between this city and Providence was 19 equipped with electricity i n 00. The first passenger car operated between the two cities by the new motive power 27 1900 2 was run Nov . , and regular operations began Dec . .

During the administration of William S. Greene , who had 1895 fi 1 98 been again elected mayor in an d held of ce till 8 , th e city began the erection of its present public library build 1895 ing , which was authorized in and begun in May of the following year and which stands on the site of the homestead E of the late Mrs . Mary . Young . The cornerstone was laid 30 1896 t Sept . , , and the s ructure , which , with land , curbing , th grading and furniture , had cost was opened to e 1 99 1 public i n March , 8 . The library had for 3 years , after

41 o f u the burning city hall , been occ pying leased quarters . It ’ was for a time in Flint s Exchange on South Main street and

on o an u ar later in the skating rink Danf rth street , but from J y , 1887 , it occupied till the new building was completed a large hall in the upper part of the Brown bui lding , at the corner o f North Main and Pine streets . 1 In 895 a reservoir commission was appointed , whose ’ h e o f duty w as to protect t purity the city s water supply . The Coughlin and William Connell schools were erected an d a new police building constructed on the north side o f

Granite street . m M 1898 1899 A os . Jackson was mayor in and and John 19 1 H 1 900 0 . . Abbott in and The superior court house had been authorized as early as

o n 1 887 . The site selected North Main street had been th e o f o se h o f birthplace Col . J p Durfee , the homestead Micah H . o f Ruggles an d later the residence Col . Richard Borden . The

o n A cornerstone was lai d with Masonic ceremonies ugust 8 , 18 9 8 , an d the building completed in the early nineties , at a cost of Another notable building constructed before 1 900 was Elm B the state armory , on Durfee street , between and ank ,

an u ar 3 1895 x e i for which the city on J y , , authorized the e p n d ture o f which sum was subsequently increased to

Bon ds were issued by the state , eventually to be met by a sinking fund toward which the city each year paid 189 a special tax . The building was completed in 7 and con 1 tains quarters for six companies , and a drill hall 50 feet by f i 75 o t . . The State has since taken possession M o f During the war with Spain , Battery , the First

n Regiment , a d members of the Naval Brigade were employed Th e for i n the service of the U nited States . call the assem

o n A 25 1898 bling of the battery was issued pril , , the day

war was declared , and within an hour the men were assem E bled , armed and equipped . arly the next day they pro ceed n 9 ed to Fort Warren , in Bosto harbor , where , on May , o they were mustered into the United States service , for tw

ﬁrst i years , being a part of the volunteer regiment n the

i n co untry to be mustered . The Battery served at Fort

42 19 Warren until September , when it was sent to South

Framingham . A furlough was granted October 5 and duty 14 ended November . F Company , Naval Brigade , saw service on the c ruiser o n Prairie , the monitor Lehigh and , occasions when the men o n t were de ached duty , on other vessel s . The Signal Corps t I was also called ou . Company , Naval Brigade , was formed 2 1 9 . May 5 , 8 8 , as a reserve company The present railroad station o n Nor th Main street was 2 completed in 189 . The county j ail , noted for never having o f held a prisoner , at least under a sentence the court , 1 9 was erected in 8 8 , under a legislative act of the previous 1 2 year , and cost , when furnished , It has 6 cells ,

and was believed to be needed when it was authorized . The

o f growth the probation system since that time , however , has

been such that it has never been used .

- One change , far reaching in its effect , which had taken place during this period and of which no mention has been o f made , was in the control the police department and the 1 4 liquor licenses , which took place in 89 . Citizens who o f appeared before the legislature secured the passage an act ,

approved May 7 , by which the administration of the police department and the granting and supervision o f licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors were taken from the board of aldermen and placed in the hands of a commission of three

o f A legal voters the city appointed by the governor . ttempts at various times to abolish the commission have failed . The decade closed with a population in excess of In spite of business de pressions the city had grown till it 4 numbered an increase of 0 per cent . , while the valu ation had advanced more than Almost

Spindles had been added , and the aggregate was The abolition o f the grade crossings on the main line o f the Old Colony railroad and on the Providence branch

within the city limits , was one of the most important improve ments in the early years of the new century . The work 2 2 1 6 1905 began June 8 , 1 90 , an d was completed June , on the opening of the viaduct connecting Central and Anawan

streets and the closing of the Pon d street crossing .

43 The l f l i general p an o lowed , was that o f depress ng the s an d street raising the tracks , which in some cases are now

eight feet above the old level . The change also necessitated o f R the raising the Fall iver station about eight feet . The old Central street tunnel , which had been constructed when ﬁrst the road was built , was torn down and rebuilt fo r three E tracks instead of one . leven crossings were abol ished , tw o D l at Brownell street and one each at avo , Lindsey , Turner , ’ Danforth , Ferry an d Pond streets , and Allen s crossing , Wil R son road and i verview Gardens . Seven railroad bridges an d ﬁ ve of were built, highway bridges , one which , the 637 viaduct , i s feet in leng th . It was impossible to eliminate

the grade crossing at Water street . Efforts had long been under way to secure the improve

o f ment , but quite a number lives were sacriﬁced before work was authorized . It had been petitioned for by the 1 94 ﬁ r aldermen in 8 , and the st hearing before the commi s s i o n ers was in the following year . The total cost o f the work was o f which the railroad pai d 65 per t 25 1 ’ cen . , the state an d the city 0. The engineers estim ate of cost was Most of the work o f construction was of done during the administration George Grime , who was 1 02 1 4 mayor from 9 to 90 , inclusive . Another im p ortan t m atter was the adoption in 1 902 o f the 1 8 4 present city charter , to take the place of that of 5 , which a maj ority of the citizen s felt had been outgrown . A change 30 had been urged for years , but it was not until 1901 that a representative committee o f 30citizens presented a plan which was substantially adopted . The charter proposed by this committee , after some amendments , was passed by the legis lat ure in 1 902 and accepted by the voters at the State election 4 1902 on Nov . , , by a vote o f to It went into

an u ar 1 903 effect at th e beginning of the municipal year in J y , , ’ t M r wi h . Grime , who had j ust completed one year s service

ﬁrs under the old charter , the t mayor under the new .

The new charter abolished the common council , and 2 established a board of aldermen of 7 members , three from a e ch of the nine wards . Two of these were to be elected by th e voters of the ward , and one by the voters of the entire

Another board which did much valuable work for the city was the Reservoir Commission , established under a city ordi 2 1 nance passed o n Apri l 5 , 895 . This Commission consisted of the mayor and city engineer ex - oﬂi c i o and three citizens

th o n ﬁrm ed appointed by e mayor and c by the aldermen . In order to protect the purity of the water supply , the commis

o f o n f sion has acquired nearly acres land , both sides o

Watu a o f. the North pp pond , at a cost more than In view o f the possible necessity of d iverti n g some of the stream s ﬂow m that into the pond , an exhaustive study was ade i n

1899 1 900 1901 o f , and of the capacity the ponds , the amount o f f f the discharge o the streams , the nature and extent o the

ﬂo w watershed , evaporation , rainfall , an d from th e North

n o f i nto the South pond . This was do e under the direction A T the city engineer , with rthur . Safford of Lowell , consult 19 2 ing engineer , and i n 0 a voluminous and valuable report

was made . The com mission as originally constituted was 5 190 an d o abolished June , 5 , its duties transferred t a new board made up of the three members of the water board an d

- ofﬁ i o the mayor and city engineer ex c . In connection with the study of the water supply by

engineers in the employ of the reservoir commission , an extended examination was made of the Q u eq u ech an river and fo r i o of possi ble methods improving t , so as t give the mills an

fo r adequate supply of cool water from the stream condensing ,

even in the dryest season s , make available for use a large f amount of land , approximately 166 acres , near the center o

n the city which is o w ﬂow ed in times of high water , and remove unsanitary and unsightly ﬂats which are exposed at e low water . The consulting engineer pr sented a report on 1 910 o f the situation late in , with three plans , either which H e would greatly improve conditions . proposed either a

single canal , a canal with cooling ponds , or a canal for cool water only with channels to convey the h ot water from the

steam plants back to the pond . The estimated cost ranged from to and it was suggested that the lan d ﬁ which could be reclaimed might , in the case of the rs t and

third plans , repay the expenditure . The proposed work extends from the Sand Bar at the head of the river to the

46 Watu a f pp Dam , near Pleasant street , an d if put into ef ect “ n fo r will , in the Opinion of the engineer , be a improvement

all time , which wil l build up the city , provide facilities for the mills and the public , and perhaps improve the character of the city so m uch that it will remain a permanent monument ” to the people who have this matter in charge .

Surveys have been made , plans prepared and approved by ’ the State Board of Health , and a report is now in the printer s hands showing the intention o f the commission to construct along the westerly shore of the North Watu pp a pond a con duit to collect the d rainage now en tering the pond frdm the west , between Pleasant street and New Boston road , and delivering it into the South Pond , where it will be available for manufacturing purposes by corporations located on South Watupp a pond and Q u eq u ech an river but cannot menace the ’ h city s water supply in t e North Pond . The strike of 1904 was the longest and the most disastrous of i n the history the community . Nearly operatives 21 o f 2 2 an . were idle the greater part 6 weeks , from July 5 till J o f the following year , causing an estimated loss of in wages . Work was resumed following a conference in January with Governor Douglas at the state house between representatives of the manufacturers and the operatives , at which he agreed to investigate business conditions in the industry and report a margin between cotton and cloth o n

n which an increase in the scale of wages should be paid . O his subsequent report a system of wage dividends based on the margi n between the quotations for sp eciﬁed quantities of 2 cotton and cloth went i nto effect , and continued until July , 1906 , when the wage scale prevailing before the strike was restored . Approximately persons removed from the city dur

ing the strike which , however , had been marked by uniform 1904 good order . The census in the spring of had shown a population of That of 1905 revealed but and it was n o t until 1 908 that the city regained the ground it had

lost . Important changes in the local banks had taken place i n

1 903 , following a state law which forbade national and

47 fﬁ savings banks to occupy the same o ces . In February of

that year the Second National , which had rooms with the

Five Cents Savings , was purchased by the Metacomet

National , and in July the Pocasset National , which occupied th e an o e with the Citizens Savings , and the National Union ,

which had been associa ted with the Union Savings , merged with the Massasoit to form a new bank know as the Massasoit

Pocasset National , which occupied the enlarged banking

rooms of the old Massasoit National Bank . 19 In the same year , 03 , a beginning was made in the lay

ing of granolithic sidewalks , under a betterment system ,

which has become very popular , and has done much to

improve the appearance of the city . The Roman Catholic diocese of Fall River was established

12 1904 n March , , co sisting o f Bristol , Barnstable an d Dukes

n counties , with the towns of Mario and Mattapoisett , i n

Plymouth county . Fall River was made the episcopal city ’ - t . m Rt . and S Mary s church na ed as the pro cathedral . Rev . D D ﬁrs t William Stang , . . , was consecrated as the bishop , 1 19 4 at the cathedral in Providence , May , 0 , an d on his death 2 1 907 Rt . February , , was succeeded by the present bishop , F D D Rev . Daniel . Feehan , . . Fall River had been a part of o f 1 2 the diocese Boston until 87 , when the diocese o f Provi c dence was erected , whi h included this city . The Bradford Durfee Textile School on Durfee street was

o on 1 4 opened t students March 7 , 90 , and has since proved so popular and successful that within a few years a large addi Elm tion was necessary , which was erected on street and

ﬁr connected with the original building . The school st opened with 164 pupils and during the year of 1910- 191 1 had 50 day

students and 900 evening pupils . I t is free to citizens of the

o comm nwealth , and is supported by appropriations by both the state and the city . The school is equipped with modern machinery and labora “

tories , and , in the words of the catalogue , is designed to meet the needs of two distinct classes o f students $ one class being those who wish a preliminary training in the art o f manufacturing before entering upon the practical work in the

mill ; the other being those already at work in the mill , who

48 feel a necessity fo r a training in the principles o f the art and a greater knowledge of all the departments o f their chosen ” vocation . In 1907 the cotton manufacturing industry of the city experienced a period of prosperity , in which the whole community shared . The product of the mills sold at the highest price since 1880 and w as in such demand that even at these prices it was contracted for , months ahead . The profits were large and the mills were enabled to place themselves in fin an ci al a strong position . Dividen ds were increased and extra payments made to shareholders . The employes shared i n the general prosperity through advanced wages and steady ’ employment . The year s business was of inestimable value for fin an ci l to the city , not only the a returns but also fo r ’ the increased con fid en ce it gave in the community s chief i ndustry . A M 1907 sliding scale of wages was agreed upon in ay , , f which went into ef ect the last Monday i n that month , and i with modif cations , remained in force for three years . It was f ’ o r six months periods , and was terminable by either party o n ’ three months notice . It was discontinued i n the last part of M 1 1 ay , 9 0, following notice by the textile union s that they desired to abrogate it and the failure of negotiations for its renewal . The agreement was entered into in a period of great prosperity , and under it wages were advanced to a high level .

roﬁ The subsequent year , however , business became less p ta ble , and the margin between cotton and cloth , on which the scale was based , declined to such an extent that in May ,

190 w s . 8 , age were reduced under the agreement per cent , for to a basis o f cents per cut weaving . The margin 19 Ma 1 909 continued to decrease , and in November of 08 , y , , 1 and November , 909 , the manufacturers were entitled under

the scale to make additional reductions , in the last instance

1 . to the minimum of 8 cents per cut They , however , waived their rights each time an d maintained the scale at the

cents level , on which wages are still based . T 1905 1910 John . Coughlin was mayor of the city from to , 19 1 1 inclusive , and at the beginning of the municipal year of

49 was succeeded by the present chief executive , Thomas F . ’ M r Higgins . During . Coughlin s administration the Samuel

Watson school was completed and occupied i n September , n ew 1906 , and the Lincoln school was completed and dedicate d ld 1 19 7 . o June 8 , 0 This replaced the wooden building , erecte d

' 22 1 1 4 b . 905 in 8 6 , which was urned on Dec , . The Westall 1 school was completed in 908 , permitting the closing of the ﬁre Foster Hooper an d June street buildings , and the station o n ﬁn i h e s d . 1909 Stanley street , at the Highlands was In , a new engine of gallons daily capacity was installed at the

pumping station . The William S. Greene school was completed

an d occupied in September . Three new schools were begun J McD on o u h o n 1 1 . i n 9 0, the John g William and Fountain

streets , the William J Wiley on North Main an d Canedy k A. Oa streets , and the Hugo Dubuque on Grove avenue , and plans were prepared for a new technical high school o n the site

fo r of the Foster Hooper and June street buildings , which the A 1 91 1 contract was awarded in pril , . The hospital fo r con tagi o u s diseases was completed and opened for the use o f

tuberculous patients , and Purchase street extended to Court o f square , thus furnishing a new highway from the center ﬁre f the city to the north . A station on Staf ord road was 1 completed in 19 0. The fourth of the large tanks of the water d epartment 1 907 o f was constructed i n on the south side Bedford street .

o f It has a capacity gallons , and is of about the 1 same size as the first Bedford street tank , built i n 892 , and 1 97 that on Haskell street , built in 8 . The Townsend hill tank , i n 1 the first to be constructed , was built 886 , and holds

gallons . The combined capacity of the four i s ’ gallons , about one day s supply for the city . Two large playgrounds were purchased by the park co m 1 909 o f mission in , under the provisions a legislati ve act which had been accepted by the citizens by a decisive vote . The tract on Stafford road contained nearly 1 6 acres and cost E The land on astern avenue and County street , 1 1 containing about 1? acres , was bought for The city also has playgrounds at the South , North and Ruggles

Parks and at the corner of Canal and Spring streets .

50 The new bridge over the Taunton river at Brightman 19 street , authorized by the legislature in 03 , to be constructed

by a j oint board consisting of the County Commission , the

Harbor and Land Commission and the Railroad Commission , 1 906 1 1 Oct . 0 908 and begun in , was opened to public travel , , new to and furnished a and attractive entrance the city . It 922 6 is % feet in length , between abutments , 0 feet wide , with o f 44 sidewalks eight feet i n width , giving a roadway feet , f 1 1 o 8 . and has a draw span feet Its total cost to September , f 1910, was O this was apportioned

to be paid by Fall River , by Somerset , by 38 Swansea , $ , by New Bedford , by Taunton ,

by Westport , by Dartmouth , by

Dighton and the remainder by the County of Bristol . It was 9 further ordered that 6 per cent . of the cost of care and 2 maintenance shoul d be borne by Fall River, % per cent . by

Somerset and 15 per cent . by Swansea . Still another great work f or which plans are being pre pared an d permissionhas been obtained from the legislature f is the building o a tunnel under the city by the New York ,

New Haven Hartford Railroad Company , to connect its a main tracks long the bay with its New Bedford branch .

This will , if constructed , give the railroad direct com m u n i ca tion through the city from New Bedford and the Cape to Y rk hu Providence and New o , t s avoi ding the present circuitous

route to the north . ’ One of the recent additions to the city s public buildings is the district court house on Rock street , erected on the site of the Exchange Hotel , later the Gunn house , which in the period between 1830 and 1850 was the principal hotel of the

town . It was completed early in the present year , and the o n 2 1 1 ﬁr st session of the court was held there Jan 3, 9 1 . ’ The extent o f the city s industries to - day is shown by

ﬁgu res recently made public by the census bureau , from an

inquiry made here in 1 909 . The agents of the bureau reported 288 here in that year manufacturing establishments , with a capi tal of The materials used cost and the value o f the product was showing a value added by manufacture of The average number o f wage - earners employed was and the total salaries

and wages paid ,

51 TH E GLOBE COTTON MILL

The cotton mill that was started at Globe Village 100 years ago by Colonel Jo seph Durfee bore but little resemblance i to any of the mammoth factories that have succeeded t , yet it was the beginning of the great industry which has since grown up here . It occupied a b u ildi n g at what i s now the northeast corner of South Main and Globe streets , which is supposed to have been the building still standing , and probably contained less than 1000spindles . The picking of the cotton and the weaving of the cloth were still done by hand , in the homes of neighbor ﬁ n i hi n ing farmers , and the carding , spinning and s g were probably all that were done in the pioneer mill . Its equip ment is supposed to have been limited to a few Arkwright spinning frames , carders and probably a calender , and these were operated by the scant water power obtainable from the little pon d adj oining . ’ Durfee s Col . mill , known as the Globe Mill , was a stock company , and i n soliciting subscriptions for the shares , the “ most effective argument is said to have been that cotton o f cloth would darn much easier than linen . The success n o the enterprise was t great at any time , due probably to o f want practical knowledge , and in the end the venture

appears to have been disastrous . The mill was Operated by various persons , an d in 1 829 the building was converted into a print works . All honor , however , is due to Col . Durfee as a pioneer i n

H o n the industry here . e was the son of H . Thomas Durfee , and a gran dson of on e of the original hol ders of a large tract u A o f in that section nder the Pocasset Purchase . t the time f E starting the mill he was 61 years o age . ight others were associated with him in the ownership o f the 100 shares in the

enterprise , and their names appear in the deed given below . This deed is interesting not only as the ﬁrs t reference to

the mill , in the town records o f Ti verton , but also from the fact that it gives the names o f the other original stockholders

52 privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging with a further and more particular p ri vili dge (to wit) that o f passing t o and from the road to the head o f the Stream by foot people for the purpose of opening and Shuting the Gate with p ri vled ge to Clear ou t the brook Springs and Streams as o c cati on may require to them the said Seth Simmons Nathan Chase Bou ls to n Bray ton William Durfee Benj amin Brayton Nathan Cole Elisha Fuller Robert Hazard th e share above mentioned to them their heirs an d assigns forever an d I th e said Jos eph for my self heirs Executors an d administrators do covenant to and with the afore Named Grantees that I am the true Sole - i scri e and Lawful owner of the premises afore d b d , and have good Right to Sell and Convey the same in manner as afore said and that I will warrant and Defend the Same against the Claims of all persons In witness whereof I have together with Elizebeth wife of m e s d os h o r o f the . J ep u hands and Seals the Sixth day Jun e 181 1

Signed Sealed and Ded . in the presence of JOSE PH DURFE E ( Seal) Pardon Gray William Humphrey ELI$ B E TH DURFE E ( Seal)

N ewport Ss at Tiverton in s d . County personally appeared the above Named J o seph Durfee and acknowledged the foregoing Instrument to be his Vau llen tory act Dee d hand Seal this h f 1 1 7t . day o October 8 1 D RFE E u P Before me THOS . U J s eace A true Copp ay of the original Deed ﬁl 1 1 h R e . o n e t A D 1 1 e d at Tiverton October ye day . . 8 1 ’ P M at four o clock . . PARD ON GRAY Town Clerk

o 1 1 Foll wing the records , it appears that in 8 3 Oliver

Chace purchased a controlling interest in the mill , and later to in the same year , con veyed it several persons . Charles

r Dyer and Benj amin Dyer each purchased from M . Chace 25 60 1 22 shares , at $ a share . Nine years later , in 8 , the to Dyers conveyed their shares back Oliver Chace . Each 1388 “ ” received $ for his interest , being , as the deed states , “ a n d to all right title the factory and other buildings , an d

machinery , tools and stoves belonging to the Globe Cotton ”

Mill , standing on land aforesaid . 1 830 ‘ o f 1 986 O In , for the sum $ , liver Chace sold to Cyrus

71 - Potter un divided seventy fifth parts of the U nion Factory , ﬁ x u r 2 lot , buildings , t es and machinery ; also 2 % undivided

54 1 th o f b 00 parts the Globe Factory , lots and uildings thereon 1 and other land . In 832 Cyrus Potter sold to Charles Potter for several parcels of land and buildings , including “ that formerly known by the name of the Globe Mill and the

f r l hi n i n Union Mill , now occupied and improved o b eac g , dy e g ” and printing calicoes .

The venture , as has been said , was at no time notably successful , and Col . Durfee lost a large part o f his fortune i n the enterprise . It was subsequently operated by various 1 21 persons , and in 8 , following the burning of the Troy Mill , the agent o f that corporation was authorized by his stock ’ ﬁ ve holders to negotiate for a years lease of the factory , with

its real estate and machinery . It does not appear , however , A 1 2 that such a lease was made . bout 8 9 it became a part of d ﬁ rst a print works operate by Potter Chatburn , who printed ﬁ rs their t goods in September , 1830, an d later known as the

ﬁn ll Tiverton Print Works , and a y as the Bay State Print Works . o f 1843 A part the old mill was also for a time , between 1 0 and 85 , used temporarily as a schoolhouse by one of the

Tiverton districts . It is believed that printing machines were used in the old 1 84 Globe Mill as late as 5 , when they were removed , from which time the building has been used for storage purposes . The attic was probably used for hanging the cloth after pri nt “ ” i t ing to age , preparatory for dyeing . The water wheel ,

n o 1 50 although perhaps t the original , was removed about 8 . The present building which is supposed to have been the or1 1n l m ur 12 2 10 2 4- 1 g a , eas es 0 feet in length , 3 0feet in width , 1 with a proj ection o n the west side about 3 feet by 8 feet , and having three stories and an attic . It is now owned by the E o New nglan d Cotton Yarn C . and the Laurel Lake Mills .

When the mill was started , cotton had been grown in this f f country o r manufacture only 75 years . No factory o r 17 spinning it had been established in the United States till 87 , bo w as when a little mill operated by two horses driven by a y , started at Beverly , with a few j ennies , each of which spun 4 E 8 threads . Spinning frames were i n use in ngland during

R n the evolution , but an act of Parliament , strictly e forced , made it impossible to obtain the machines or their plans and

55 also forbade the emigration of skilled mechanics . Samuel E Slater , an nglishman who had made himself master of the f machinery and methods , knowing of the large sums of ered in this country for the machines , managed to make his way to 1 9 o f New York , and in 7 0, having entered the employ f Moses Brown o Providence , undertook the manufacture of H e machinery o f the English type at Pawtucket . was

n successful , and o e year later started a small mill there with machinery built on the Arkwright principle .

o f E The introduction nglish m achinery , together with the

1793 n i invention in of the cotto g n , by which one man could clean f or market a thousand pounds o f cotton i n the time ﬁ formerly taken to clean ve or si x pounds , gave an immediate impetus to the business , and many men who had learned it n under Slater , left his employ to start plants of their ow . By

1809 n there were in Providence an d Vicinity 1 7 mills , runni g

spindles , and the United States census o f 1810 showed 238 o f 4 M 2 mills , which 5 were in assachusetts , 8 in Rhode 64 Island and in Pennsylvania . It was not until 1838 that an English self- acting mule w as o Davo l brought t this country by William C. . To escape the

British laws , which still forbade the exportation of machinery , he went to England and after purchasing and cutting to pieces a Sharp Roberts mule had it shipped to America by ” o f n i ts way France in boxes labelled Glass . O arrival , he set it up in his own shop in Fall River , and subsequently manufactured many of these machines for American Mills .

E ARL Y COTTON M AN UFACTURIN G

The year 1813 marked the beginning of cotton m an u fac

o n turing here a substantial basis . In that year two com c pani s were formed , the Troy Cotton Woolen Manufactory , with a capital o f which is still i n existence as a successful corporation , and the Fall River Manufactory , with

capital , which only a few years ago was purchased by

56 P Mf o d the ocasset g . G . About one half the capital was secure i n the neighboring towns . ﬁrs David Anthony , who became the t agent an d treasurer of the Fall River Manufactory , was a native of Somerset , and 26 was at this time only years of age , but had acquired a thorough practical knowledge of the business under Slater at

A - 4 Pawtucket . three story mill , 60by 0 feet , the lower story for 1 00 of stone and the upper two of wood , and designed 5

u u ech an Spindles , was begun at once , on the Q eq , the portion o f which below the Troy dam is often alluded to as the Fall

Ri ver , about where the mill now known as the Fall River

Manufactory stands . It was completed and began operations

1813 ﬁrs s i n n i n i n October , , and was the t cotton p g plan t in the village .

Oliver Chace , the originator of the Troy , had been brought u up as a carpenter , but had acq ired a practical knowl edge of cotton manufacturing from a small mill which he had for a time owned and operated at Dighton . The Troy mill was o f 1 larger than the Fall River and was built stone , 08 feet 37 l ong , feet wide , four stories in height , with a low hip roof .

It was located near the site of the present Troy mill , and was fo r S designed pindles . Both it and the Fall River were

u u h operated by water power derived from the Q eq ec an river . The Fall River Manufactory was the first to secure a picking machine , which had j ust been introduced in this country . The mills had been paying four cents a pound to have the cotton picked by hand , and the machine saved three quarters of the cost , though it was opposed by consumers , who believed that it inj ured the staple . The Fall River was also the first to introduce power 1 81 7 first looms , in . The weavers were paid a week , but when they had become more experienced a change was made to one cent a yard . Cloth was woven one yard wide , and sold for 25 cents a yard . Power looms appear not to have 1 2 been installed in the Troy mill until 8 0. The two mills had been started before the close o f the f 12 A to E war o 18 , when merican markets were closed nglish

manufacturers and the demand was brisk , but they had

scarcel y begun Operations when the war ended , again allow

57 i n o f g the entrance Briti sh goods , and it was not until 1820 ﬁr that the Troy paid its st divi dend . Four years later it

declared a dividend payable i n cloth on demand . 1 21 The original Troy mill was burned in 8 , but rebu ilt in 1 82 1 43 3 . In 8 a three story addition was made , which ten years later was raised two stories and extended 80feet o n the 1 60 of 1 2 south . In 8 , the mil l 8 3 w as removed , and the part ﬁ known as the New Mill erected , ve stories in height , extend

ing to Bedford street . ’ The Fall River Manufactory s Nankeen Mill , and the ” original structure , known as the Yellow Mill , were torn down in 1839 to make room for the White Mill The latter i n 1868 was burned , and the present structure , since enlarged , i succeeded t . 1 1 The Union Cotton Factory was also started in 8 3 , with 31 50 shares , held by stockholders , and began operations in a on o f wooden structure the site the Laurel Lake Mills , then a f 1 3 part o Tiverton . This was burned i n 8 8 . The third large corporation to be formed was the Pocasset o 1822 100 000 Mfg . C . , organized in , with $ , capital . It

acquired a considerable tract on both sides of the river , west o f 1827 t Main street , including the water power , and in , af er

o n t on tearing down a grist mill which stood the spo , erected ‘ the north side of the stream , near the street , the Bri dge Mill ,

- 40 1 a three story stone structure , by 00, with a long ell over

the river . It installed spindles , an d manufactured the

— - o f first print cloths made in this city , seven eighths a yard 44 wide and picks to the inch . It was burned , together with s f the old fulling mill , whi ch stood further outh , in th e fire o 1 843 , and the company soon after erected near the site , the A present Granite Block . few years later it constructed a l 9x ﬁ part of i ts present mill , 2 75 , and ve stories in height , by

far the largest factory which had , up to this time been built

here , and notable for its width as well as its other proportions . 1 4 It began operations i n 8 7 . Early in its career the compan y had built a number of o f small stone mills to rent . In one these , known as the 1 2 Satinet Factory and built in 8 5 , was manufactured a woolen o f cloth from which the mill took its name . In part this same

58 d R P k was buil ing the obeson rint Wor s started . It was torn for down to make room the present mill . The company also 1 826 “ built in the New Pocasset , which was leased for cotton manufacturing . On e of these mills is still standing and operated as a part

- of the Pocasset plant of to day . This is a small mill on of Pocasset street , west the main plant , built i n 1827 and

ﬁrst Watu a It known as the Massasoit and later as the pp . was leased i n part to Brown Ives of Providence for cotton manufacturing , b ut they became d i ssati sﬁ ed and sold out to

Holder Borden , who opened the partitions and equipped the e whol mill with cotton machinery . H e discarded the old o f methods distributing power by gearing , and was the first to introduce belting . The mill was equipped with fo r spindles , and was considered a wonder size . 4 The lease ran out about 18 3 , and the proprietors then

on l d esi erected Davo street , the Massasoit Steam mill , so g

ﬁrs t ﬁrs n ated because it was one of the , if not the t here to be operated by steam rather than water power . It was burned in 1 875 , and the site is now occupied by the Massasoit M 2 fg . Co . The 18 7 mill , originally known as the Massasoit , was for a time run by a corporation known as the Watupp a o f Cotton Mill , and in time became a part the Pocasset plant .

Still another earl y mill was the Annawan , which stood on o 7 i s Pocasset street where the Iron Works N . now , an d was 1 9 torn down when that was erected in 05 . It was built in 1 2 f or 8 5 , a large factory its day , and conti nued in operation 1 until about 890.

In addition to the mills named , there was also a plant for I Bu ffi n ton the manufacture o f cotton batting , owned by .

r ﬁrst Son , and car ied on at Sucker Brook , and subsequently on the si te of the Fall River Bleachery on the same stream .

It was established in 1838 .

At the time these early mills were built , work began at t 8 m . 5 a . , or at daylight and con inued until , when half an A hour was allowed for breakfast . nother half hour was

given at noon for dinner , and work then continued till in the evening . 2 The superintendent o f a mill in 1830 received $ a day , an

‘ overse er and th e m aj ority of operatives from 83 cents to one dollar a day .

The Pocasset mill o f 1847 which , it will be remembered ,

o f th e was phenomenal size , for its day , was the result of n convictio of its superintendent , that a large mill could be operated more economically than the small ones then running ,

' r and though there we e those who predicted failure , the mill ifi d ﬁrSt be j u st e his anticipations . This was also the mill to

erected in which details had been carefully worked out , before r beginning construction , as to the location of machine y ,

shafting and belting , a plan which resulted in a great saving over the old methods. M et acom etim i ll The , when built in 1846 by the Iron Works w as Co . o f , constructed from the plans a model mill in Bolton , E ﬁrst ngland , and was the to have iron posts and girders , o f thereby preventing a settling the mill , with consequent t o f w r fric ion and loss po e . The mill attracted great attention i n from manufacturers other parts of New Englan d . A o The merican Linen C . was formed in 1852 to make th e

' fin er o f fir grade linen fabrics , the st en terpri se of the kind ' o in the c untry . Operatives and flax were imported from

‘ Eu o r pe , and for a time there was an active deman d for the o ff product . This fell , however , in consequence of the

increasing use of cotton and woolen fabrics , and in 1 858 the linen machin ery was removed and cotton manufacturing

begun .

. o TH E R IN D Us TRIE S

In addition to the many plants engaged in the manufacture

of cotton cloth , the larger industries of Fall Rl ver m clu d e two ‘ f or print works , a bleachery , mills the m akm g of cotton yarn

, c and sewing thread extensive hat factories , a piano fa tory , u machine shops , fo ndries an d mills for the utilization of cotton

’ Waste and the m aking of absorbent an d ew elers cotton j .

There are also three large breweries , now under o n e m anage

ment .

“ pay , by which employees were paid in goods from a store

owned by the factory , then in use here , in common with other manufacturing communities , and gave cash , thus allowin g his s o employees to buy wherever they pleased . The change was A satisfactory that company stores soon disappeared . nother act for which he is remembered , is the furnishing a school

' to w h om room and teacher for his j uvenile employees , he allowed one third o f each day for study . illa e o n The Globe Print Works were at Globe V g , the stream c ﬂo w i n g from Cook Pond into the bay . They were the su ces ’ sors of Col . Durfee s pioneer mill , which had been purchased in 1829 by Potter and Chatburn and converted into a print 1 3 a works , beginning operations in 8 0. The pl nt was enlarged and run by various persons and w as known for a time as the A Tiverton and afterward as the Bay State Print Works . bout 1858 it was purchase d by the American an d run by this cor

or i o n 1867 p at till it was burned in . o f The Fall River Bleachery , which has a capacity 50tons 1 8 2 on o f I daily , was organized in 7 the site of th e mill .

n n B ufﬁ ton So , and began operations the following year . 2 1 l The No . works were built in 888 , an d additional bui dings

have been erected i n recent years . i n w The two large yarn manufactur ng pla ts , hich have a combined spindleage o f are n ow a part of the New o England Cotton Yarn C . and under lease to the Union Mills , but w ere formerly the Globe Yarn Mills and t h e Sanford

n o 1881 Spi ning C . The Globe Yarn , started in , and repeatedly

u enlarged , produces weekly po nds of yarn and thread , 750 n e and employs hands , while the Sanford Spinni g , start d

‘ 1 91 f n arn s i n 8 , to make colored and a cy y , produces

pounds a week and employs 550 hands . 1 f r m The Kerr Thread Mill was built in 888 , o the anu ﬁ n e facture of cotton yarns and sewing thread . It became a A o 1898 A i part of the merican Thread G . in . new m ll was 1907 erected i n , and the plant now has spindles , 1 100 employing hands . Th E e . t Massasoit Mfg Co . and the s es Mills are engaged

in the handling of waste . The product of the Massasoit, in

addition to various grades of cotton waste , includes mops ,

62 E yarns , wicks , and spun and bleached cotton , while the stes

Mills produce sash cord , yarns , mops , twines , warps , clothes ’ lines , wicking , absorbent and j eweler s cotton as well as waste o f o f a variety grades . The Massasoit has a large foreign trade , and additional plants in Connecticut and the South . o f The plant Kilburn , Lincoln Company is among the large m akers of looms fo r cotton and silk weaving and of power transmission machinery in the U nited States and makes 300 about looms annually , giving employment to about hands . It is the outgrowth o f the union in 1847 under the

E o o f - name of . C. Kilburn C . the loom making and shafting business which had been established previous to 1 840 by Jonathan Thayer Lincoln and that started in 1 844 by John

Kilburn . In 1 856 this became Kilburn , Lincoln Son and in 1867 took its present name and a large machine shop an d an iron foundry were erected the same year , and other additions have followed . A large iron business was formerly carried on hereby the

Fall River Iron Works Company , which at one time , about 1876 e 1 21 , gave mployment to 600 men . It was started in 8 by Bradford Durfee and Richard Borden for the manufacture of iron work fo r shipbuilding and later made hoop iron fo r the

New Bedford oil trade and still later , nails . It was immensely for successful man y years , an d was the principal originator

o f the Annawan and Metacomet Mills , the gas works , the steamboat line to Providence an d the railroad to South Brain

tree . From an original investment of its stockholders received between 1850and 1880 besides stock in the

M n f Troy Cotton Woolen Manufactory , the Fall River a u ac A tory , the merican Print Works and the Bay State Steamboat 1 R . 880 Company , later the Fall iver Line In the property was divided and the stockholders given shares in new cor

r p o ati o n s known as the Metacomet Mills , the Fall River R Machine Company , the Fall iver Gas Works Company and the Fall River Providence Steamboat Company . The manufacture of iron was discontinued soon after in cou se en ce o f of qu the competition plants nearer the mines . 1 M D Shortly after 896 the stock was acquired by . C. . Borden , l f who retaining the o d charter , which was o value , tore down

63 the buildings and began the erection of cotto n mills to suppl y cloth for the American Printing Company of which he was

also the owner . The extensive powe rs given by the charter of the Fall R W i ver Iron orks Company , if more than accidental , indicated h l a long view into t e future . Though organized primari y to _ r o n car y the iron business , the company from time to time

- launched i nto many an d / vari ed lines as its growth demanded

' or as Opportunity made desirable . When , for example , the iron bu siness was remove d from . its original location near the

u h n ' H ill outlet of the Q eq uec a , to that adj oining High , in order to utilize t h e former site t h e company built the Metacomet for Mill the manufacture of cotton cloth . It had already found that Providen ce was a good market for the product of l its iron mills , and h ad a ccordi n g y p urchased a site and erected o a substantial wharf there , near which it also c nstructed a o f brick f ice building and storehouse , which was maintained until the closing of the w orks . As from time to time increased facilities were needed , the

' company provided them fo r its own use , but always looking

' forw ard to the . time when others would avail themselves of r hi oli the oppo tunities offered . Under t s p cy it built gas s works , and a cooper shop for the making of nail keg , asw el l

“ ? as carpenter , blacksmith and machine shops , the last occupy ing the building vacated by the Fall River Railroad o n its consolidation with the Old Colony Railroad . When it needed additional machinery fo r the nail factory , it built it here . It also added a boiler shOp , and wharves , one of which became “ known as Derrick Wharf , because o f the large derrick erected there for the handling of boilers and other machinery fo r steamboats . The desire to obtai n a location where larger

vessels could dock at any stage , of the tide was one of the prime factors in bringing about the removal of the works to

their new location . “ o f All work was done by employees the company . In

wharf building no divers were to be had , and the method “ ” i s employed was that of poling , that , the location of the stone was d eterm i n ed b y feeling under the water in the m u d with a long wooden pole for which an iron rod was later

64 substituted . In this way man y of the present walls were b uilt .

After the company opened an agency in Providence , means of transportation bec ame necessary , and the estab li shm en t of the Fall River Providence Steamboat line naturally followed . The Fall River Providence Steamboat Company was noted for its regularity and punctuality . When the sailing time arrived , the boat sailed , leaving for the next trip such passengers and freight as were not o n board . In order to i f ll promptly the orders of the Providence agency , the steamers sailed every day , except Sunday , though i n severe winter weather it sometimes made necessary the employment of a large number of men with saws and other tools to cut a way

- through the ice from the wharf . Occasionally in mid winter it was necessary to cut a channel in this way as far as Mount H o ' an d e m pe som ti es even to Bristol Ferry .

- The steamer King Philip was built as an ice breaker , ’ and met her designer s expectations . In meeting ice , her bow rose and slid along the top till the boat ’ s weight caused h fi it to break . S e was also the rst steamboat in American

waters to carry a steam whistle .

The company , which also owned wharf property and

buildings at Bristol and Bristol Ferry , found it necessary to

dredge its docks from time to time , and accordingly built a si x dredger o f its own , the power for which was furnished by

horses driven around a circle in the hold .

As the iron works grew and castings became necessary , f a large foundry was built on the north side o Mill street , a o f short distance east Pond street .

The company deemed it unwise to undertake coal mining ,

but several of its owners purchased a large tract at Frostburg , Md and mined coal which was sold in the open market as th e well as to the Iron Works Co . This venture , like others ,

ro ﬁ le was very p tab .

The same owners , with others , also built vessels to bring to coal , iron , iron ore , etc to the works and carry away the o f finished prod uct . These had a carrying capacity from about “ B An n . 100 to 450 tons , and among them were the sloops

65 H l an d I H B d an B o mes saac . or en d the schooners Sea ird E Minerva , Richard Borden , llen Barnes, Jane F. Durfee E Iram Smith , noch Pratt , Daniel Brown , Sallie Smith , Orion ,

h ron i M E r h ri h i n n a a . M a t a W t to S p , Anna dwards , Ney , g g , M w Thomas Borden , atthe C. Durfee , Carleton Jayne and

Fountain . A marine railway was early a part of the company ’ s

plant . This was originally near the present wharf station , but was later removed to a point on the shore where th e ’ ’ company s cotton mills now stand . The railway s buildings

were leased to various persons , who maintained shipyards till

' th e sale M D about the time of of the property to . C. . Borden . The last vessels were built here in the early 70s and were the D M schooners . . Anthony and Carrie S. Hart and the barken A 8 tine David . Brayton , all of about 00 tons capacity . Feeling that the Fall River Lin e was not making fair

freight rates to New York , local parties in 1 866 purchased from the government the steam er U nited States an d estab

l hed n . i s an i dependent freight line Subsequently , the Alba

tross was bought from the same source , an d the line was ll continued for some years , but was ﬁn a y taken over by the

older company . The ﬁrs t freighter used in these waters is supposed to n have been the sloop Ire e and Betsey , owned by Richard an d

n o f Jefferso Borden , which was probabl y the forerunner the

Fall Ri ver Providence Steamboat Company . ﬁrs The latter company , as it was the t to install a steam ﬁrs whistle on its steamers , was also the t to equip a vess el an o n i cu s with a calliope . The C carrie d such an instrument , but it was soon found that its music , while pleasing at a n o t o n distance , was satisfying to those board and it was fi f removed . There was also dif culty i n obtaining suf icient

steam for both the engines and the calliope . Among the earlier excursion steamers i n the harbor were i A the Jen n e Lind , the Teaser , the Young merican and Water Lily which were run between Taunton and points along the “ ” “ ” e - or bay . The T aser was a stern wheeler , wheelbarrow , e having a paddl wheel at the stern , extending the entire

width o f the boat . This type was then common and is still

66 seen on southern inland waters where only light draught vessels can be used . The beginning of what afterward became the Dyer

Transportation Company was in the square - ended scow

schooner Nimrod , used by Capt . Henry Dyer , who , tiring of

his occupation as a tailor , turned master mariner . The

scarcity of wharves did not inconvenience him , for he ran his o n schooner the shore when the tide was full , so that she could be loaded or discharged at low tide from wagons that

had driven alongside . When the tide was high again , sail

was made , and the craft departed for the next port . She

was run to Newport , Providence , Taunton , and , at times , to

New Bedford . She was followed by the Dart , built in 1837 , 1 which was supplanted by the Caroline , built here in 858 , an d later by the steamer William Marvel , which connected at

Providence with steamship lines for Philadelphia , Norfolk and Baltimore .

- The large hat makin g business of James Marshall Bros . , 1 employing 500 hands , has grown from a small hat concern r 1 7 moved here f om Bridgeport , Conn . , about 88 , until now it makes dozen d erby hats a day , as well as soft hats and hats for women an d children , an d has lately established a f r of department o the making straw hats . The New England Fur Cutting Company was organized in 1893 for cutting hat ’ f r of ters fur and skins o fur garments , and the making fur

m uﬁ s caps , , etc . In a single year this plant now uses more than rabbit skins in producing fur n o t only for the hat factory but also for other manufacturers throughout the

country . o The Cote Piano Mfg . C . , which began business on a o Pocasset street some years g , and subsequently moved to o n e Alden street , has become of the largest factories of its o f kind in the U nited States . It makes every part the piano

and employs 375 hands . Last year it manufactured

instruments .

The making of braids , loop banding , lacings , etc . , has

also become a considerable industry in recent years , and several plants are devoted to the production of goods known

under the general name o f narrow fabrics , to which have

67 h been added i n some cases , cotton rope and clot es lines . The l most recent is the Standard Fabric Co . , which has a capita o f an d is now erecting a mill i n the eastern section . A large machine shop was formerly operated on Pon d

‘ street by a firm that in thelatter part of its history was known l r m n fac as Marvel Davo . It made machinery f o cotton a u

o n 250 . turing , specializing mules , and in 1 870 employed men

1 21 . It was established in 8 , in a building of the Pocasset Mfg

o . O. S. Co . , as Harris , Hawes C and afterward became D ol o 1 41 M av . Hawes C . and still later , i n 8 , Hawes , arvel 1 7 The name was changed to Marvel Davol in 85 , an d the shops subsequently purchased and operated by th e Fall River o 19 Machine C . until after 00.

During the height of the whaling from this port , between 1 4 1850 i 8 0 an d , an oil ref nery was carried on in a stone build ’ ing still stan ding on Pardee Young s Wharf , then known as il the O Companies Wharf . il The manufacture of o cloth was another early industry . on e n There were at time three plants engaged in this b usi ess ,

n n o e o the shore , south of the American Linen one on on Bedford street and e at Bowenville . r The city has la ge quarries of excellent granite , from i which several mportant buildings have been constructed , ’ notably the city hall , Granite Block , St . Mary s cath edral and B the Slade school . The lower story of the . M . C. Durfee high school building is also of this material , which has like wise been used in the building of wharves and in the con o f o f struction many the mills . Fall River granite has also been used in some buildings at Newport , R. I . The quarries are in the eastern section , and give employment to a consider f able number o men .

WA TUPPA RE SER VOIR COM PAN Y

Through history passed down from on e generation to another , we learn that very early in the nineteenth century a primitive dam had been constructed across the Q uequ echan Watu a river in the vicinity of the present pp dam , for the

Vid u als of refused to make any claim , believing it a work great public ben eﬁt which should be assisted rather than dis

r cou aged . That the business o f this time was conducted by men possessing great foresight is attested by the fact that the ’ company refused to take advantage of any person s liberality

n and insisted o paying for the privilege , even i f but a nominal “ ” ou sum . Such sums were recei ved with a Thank y , an d the agent in every case took a receipt for the money paid . This receipt found safe lodgement i n the compan y ’ s strong box and was found of great value later . The Watupp a dam now standing in the rear of the Troy building was constructed un der authority of this act , and is capable of holding the waters of the Watu pp a ponds at an ﬁve elevation feet above the original height of the ponds , thereby increasing the capacity o f the ponds ffi gallons . It is easy to understand the di culties encountered i n the running of machinery on a stream where from six to o f l eight months the year f ood conditions prevailed , while during the remainder of the year there were times when very little water could be depended upon . Owing to the long work day then the rule (often extending from daylight to dark) the quantity o f water used was much i n excess of what would

be required at the present time . Watu a The pp Reservoir Company is still in existence , its

stock being held by several of the mills located on the river . Until within a few years this company held absolute con trol o f the water in the Q uequ ech an but by the terms o f a recent i agreement , such control (under certain restrictions) s vested in the Fall River Iron Works Company or its management . The original outlet of the river was into the creek south o f Central street mentioned elsewhere . About 1835 a canal was constructed to conduct the water 1 nto what is known as Crab pond . This pond was formed by the construction o f a dam across the outlet o f a body of salt water originall y known as “Long pond ” in which the tide

ebbed an d flowed but which was at low tide a pond . The

OT — h e N E N one of t mil ls now depend exclusively on wat er for power .

70 o f depth water was thereby increased about fourteen feet , for adding greatly to its capacity . This many years furnished power for the American Print Works and the Fall River Iron Works and is still used by the printing company in connection r with its business . For many years ice was cut here fo n domestic use . A ice house stood o n the west side of the pond il ” on what was known as High H l, and near by stood a stone “ ” powder house owned by the Iron Works Compan y .

DE VELOPM E N T OF TH E P OWE R F OR TH E

M AN UFACTORIE S

During the earlier period of the development of manu

ri n fac tu g, the plants were small and could not be very large as th e available water power was limited , and the water i n effici n wheels were crude , clumsy an d e t . The water wheels first i nstalled were probably of the type f known as the breast wheel , which was not so ef icient as the w more modern type of turbine ater wheels . The first tur bi nes were made with revolving shaft vertical and a pair o f bevel gear wheels to transmit the rotation o f the vertical of shaft to a horizontal shaft . Later horizontal water wheels higher speed having the revolving shaft horizontal and the power transmitted therefrom by belts , were installed in most u ech an of the plants on the Q ueq river . The height of fall and power o f the several plants were as follows $ H ei gh t of f a ll P ow er 1 1 ft H P Troy Cotton Woolen Mfg . 0 to 5

o . Pocasset Mfg . C Q uequ ech an 16 Watu pp a 0. 1 4 Fall River Print Works 0 . i Mf Fall R ver y . f Annawan M y . o Metacomet Mfg . C .

The last mentioned discharging into tide water , varied in height of fall an d power and the Troy varied as to fall and

power according to the height of water in the pond .

71 When the demand fo r larger capacity in the m an u fac tories became more pressing the power was supplemented by

the steam engine . As the supply of water decreased from

drought and overusing the flow of the stream , larger engines i were nstalled , capable o f driving the whole of the machinery . Until this time the mills on the Q u equ ech an river having all il x the available water power were the only factories bu t , e cep t

some at Globe Village . When the steam engine was required i by these mills , t placed them in a position to invite competi tion and other factories were erected in various parts of the town . D ol The Massasoit Steam Mills , situated on av street near ﬁr the shore of the bay , was probably the st factory in Fall

River dri ven wholly by steam power . This mill was erected

1 4 n ro ﬁre 1 about 8 5 a d d est y ed by in 875 . The next factory driven entirely by steam power was the Wam su tta Steam Woolen Mills situated near Pleasant street on the shore of the upper Q u equ ech an river from which it derived the water used for making steam an d fo r condensing the steam after passing through the engine . This mill was erected i n

1849 and still stands . The Union Mill on Pleasant street was o n e of the earlier steam driven factories an d was erected about the year 1860 j ust before the Civil War . This factory was the ﬁrs t i n town to be heated in winter with exhaust steam from the engine . This engine was one of the Corliss type afterwards famous throughout the manufacturing world . It was in fact , two single cylinder engines having a common shaft with cranks on

each end . The steam entered the cylinder pushing forward the piston part of the stroke then the supply was cut o ff and the steam in the cylinder expanded to about atmospheric pressure , when it was allowed to escape into another chamber and o n condensed , forming a vacuum the return stroke of the piston thus increasing the power about 25 per cent over the

— On e o f non condensing type . the two cylinders was so made that the exhaust from each end was separated . In cold weather the steam from both ends was exhausted and used f or heating the buildings and fo r dressing the warps for the

looms . 72 In warm weather when n o heat was required in the build ing only steam from o n e end of the cylinder was exhausted for dressing the warps , the steam from the other end being

exhausted into the condenser . When this engine was installed it was un derstood the contract stipulated that the price fo r the steam plant should or be a certain sum the saving for a period of time , over the o f former manner running engines in factories . This was an unusual proposition and after running the

plant as designed , for only a short time , the management saw that it was for its advantage to pay the ' stipulated amount at once rather than pay over the saving for the length of time proposed , as the economy was so great and satisfactory . This form or type of engine was used in most of the subsequent factories erected until the building of the Globe

2 1 - ﬁr Yarn Mills No . in 886 7 when the st compou nd condensing w o engine was installed . The compo und engine consisted of t

n n low cyli ders , the smaller o e called the high and the other the pressure cylinders . The steam ﬁrs t entered the high pressure cylinder and after following the piston part of the stroke the supply was cut off and the steam in the cylinder allowed to expand to about eight to ‘ ten pounds pressure when it was exhausted into the larger cylinder an d expanded in same to a vac uum by condensing the steam on the return stroke , thus increasing the power derived from the same amount of steam that was formerly used in the simple condensing type o f

engine heretofore used . Since that time most of the factories erected have i n stalled compound engines and nearly all o f the older mills have replaced the simple condensing engines with the com

pound condensing type . The economy of the compound condensing engine over

m 33 . o r the si ple condensing type is about per cent , in other

words , it requires in the modern compound condensing engine o r o f less than tw o thirds the amount weight steam , that is

required in the simple condensing engine , which in our mill

plants of large powers amounts to a considerable saving . Of late years the electric drive has come into use in many

cases , especially when the power is to be transmitted some

distance from the engine . 73 The electricity is usually produced on the mill plant by

direct connection of the generator with the steam engine , and the current of electricity sent over suitable wires or cables to

the motors in the various buildings or rooms of the factory . Systems have been introduced o f compoun d non - con d en si n g engines which furnish part of the power required , and which is transmitted direct to the shafting in the factory

by belts , an d the steam , in place of being condensed from the 1 engine , s passed on through suitable pipes into a low pressure

steam turbine and afterwards condensed , forming a very high

vacuum , thus producing additional power without increase of

the amount of steam used . This combination of compound engine an d low pressure turbine makes an increased economy of sixteen to twenty per

cent . over the u sual compound condensing engine . This arrangement brings the power q uestion up to date

and highest economy . The power used in our modern factories

varies according to the size of the plant , in some cases being as high as 2500 to 3000 horse power while in the mills of the earlier periods of o ur history the power used was probably not much more than 125 to 200 horse power according to the

fall of the water . Speed of engines has increased from less than 50 to 120 revolutions per minute or a piston speed of 960

feet per minute , an d a belt speed of over a mile per minute .

B AN KS AN D B AN KIN G

With four national banks , a trust company , four savings

o - banks and four c operative banks , Fall River furnishes ample

n i fin a c al facilities to all . The history of the institutions shows n ot a single failure in their long career . Fall River was o n e o f the earliest communities in the o n United States to establish a savings bank , it was also e of fi the first to start a ve cents savings bank , and the more than in deposits now standing t o the credit of the depositors in the four savings institutions show the value o f these banks to the community and the extent to which they

are appreciated . The same may be said , and with equal

74 o f h l l - i j ustice , the more t an shares in oca co operat ve

banks now outstanding , representing a sum i n excess of o due t shareholders . The four national banks o f the city showed by recent

' reports in 1911 a c om bi n ed capital o f deposits o f an d surplus an d undivided p roﬁts of M B . while the . C. Durfee Safe Deposit Trust Co . reported deposits of and surplus and undivided proﬁts of

’ o f l The oldest the city s banks is the Fall River N ati on a , 1825 R incorporated in as the Fall iver Bank , and for over 20 o f years the only bank discount here . It became a national 1 64 ﬁ rst institution in 8 . Its building was o f brick on the site

Occupied by the present banking house , and was erected in

' 1 2 as bu rn ed 1 43 8 6 . It w in 8 but rebuilt . The building now 1 2 occupied was erect ed in 89 . The oldest of the saving banks is the Fall River Savings 1 2 1 2 Bank , which was chartered in 8 8 , only years after the first establishment of the savings bank in the country . It was fi rs t R known as the Fall iver Institution for Savings , but 1 changed the name to the present title in April , 855 . It was located in the office or store of the man wh o was its treasurer 1844 at the time , until about , when it occupied a part of the R rooms now used by the Fall iver Five Cents Savings Bank , 1 removing to its present building in 869 . The National Union Bank was chartered in 1823 as the I R. . Bristol Union Bank of Bristol , , but removed to Tiverton 1 U in 830, changed its name to the Fall River nion Bank and erected a brick building on the corner of South Main and

Rodman streets in 1837 . The change in the boundary line “ 2 i n 186 brought it within Massachusetts territory , and it o f removed to the southwest corner city hall . It became the National Union Bank in 1865 and again removed to Number 3

Main s treet , where it occupied quarters with the Union Savings Bank till it was merged with the Massasoit- Pocasset

i n 1 903 . 1 4 The Massasoit Bank , organized i n 8 6 , became a national 1 4 f institution in 86 . Its of ice was at the corner of North Main 1 6 and Franklin streets till 87 , when it removed to the north

75 In 1 4 east corner of Main and Bedford . 88 , it again transferred its office to the northwest corner of Bedford street and 1889 Court Square , and in it erected the building at the corner of Bedford and Secon d streets ; this was removed in 1910 to

make way for the new structure of its successor , the Massasoit

Pocasset National Bank . The Metacomet Bank dates from 1853 and carried on its

business at the corner of Anawan and Water streets , on the fi second floor , in what is now the of ce of the American Print 1 76 ing Company , until 8 , when it removed to an office on the

corner o f South Main and Pleasant streets , in the Borden 1 Block . It erected its present building in 888 , and remodelled 1 6 1 903 it in 1 910. It became a national bank i n 8 5 , and in

purchased the Second National , formerly the Wam su tta . The latter was char tered in 1856 and became a national institution 4 ati on al en in 1 86 , changing its name to the Second N . It oc f pied an of ice with the Fall River Five Cents Savings . The Pocasset Bank was incorporated in Rhode Island in 4 o n 1 85 , and carried business at South Main an d Rodman

streets , till after the change i n the boundary line , when it

removed to the northwest corner of city hall . In 1872 it erected the building now occupied by the Citizens Savings 1 Bank . It had become a national institution in 865 , and was merged in the new Massasoit— Pocasset when that was formed M in 1 903 by the combination of the Pocasset , the assasoit

National and the National Union .

ﬁr The First National Bank , the st to be formed here

an 2 1 4 under the federal banking law , was organized J . 3 , 86 , and w as located at the southwest corner of Main and Central

streets , in Granite Block , till it occupied its present building

in 1888 .

M . . The B . C Durfee Safe Deposit Trust Co . was

chartered i n 1 887 , when it took over the private banking busi

M . o B . C C . ness of . Durfee , a partnership composed of

S. M r . Durfee and John Brayton . The Citizens Savings Bank was formerly The Savings Bank o f Tiverton and was organized in 1851 and occupied R rooms with the Fall iver Union Bank . After the change in the state line it was authorized to do business in Massachusetts

o f next few years , gives a fairly good picture the schools of 14 those days . The town was divided into distr icts , each with

o f o n e a prudential committee , and there was a general school s ste w as committee of three , elected by the town . The y m very a uns tisfactory , an d the general committee was outspoken in

n e its condemnation . O district had no school building , “ and school was kept i n an u n fi n i sh ed room in an u n fi n i sh ed ” o f h house , separated from the living apartments t e family only by a small partition . In other instances , the buildings to o i were altogether small , in poor condition and often unf t for school purposes . Discipline in many schools was poor , owing to the youth and i n exp er1en ce of the teachers and the . o f presence unruly boys . “ There was also a lamentable d efici en cy o f books and . “ on e in district at a late visitation of the committee , he foun d but a single volume in the whole school authorized to be used ” our 1 846 in schools . Until about , when the town appropri

850for ated $ their purchase , maps , globes an d other apparatus 1 4 were rare . In 8 3 but one schoolhouse in the town had a bell , and as the districts did not seem inclined to purchase bells , the committee suggested an arrangement with the o i s Pocasset Mfg . C . for rin ging t mill bell i n the hope of A ﬁre o f reducing the cases of tardiness . fter the that year , A when the nawan street building was burned , school was o f held i n the lecture room the Unitarian church . The reports criticise the conditions in each school and the

r success o failure of the teachers , by name , with startling

4 - 4 frankness . That of 1 8 3 4 declares that the custom of building cheap schools and employing cheap schoolmasters is

not yet obsolete , and says that there is not a single school m a b e room in this town where provision is de , as it should , for the escape of bad air an d the introduction of that which ” i s pure and fresh . o f Schools were frequently closed from lack funds , and “ the report j ust quoted says , relative to this , that when one half of the grammar schools in a town like Fall River are

f r o f suspended a part of the year o the want funds , so that o n e man can send hi s children to school the entire year and w h o his nearest neighbor , pays the same tax , can send his

78 - children only two thirds of the year , there must be something

radically wrong in the arrangement o f the districts .

In some of the schools only winter terms were kept , and u in many , men ta ght in winter , when the big boys attended , and women i n summer . In the earlier reports , the standard for 19 pay the women teachers was a month , or $ 5 a

. 2 year A few years later some received $ 00 a year , paid 22 quarterly , and some $ 0. The teachers were selected and f or f contracted b y the prudential committee o each district ,

n and then presented to the general committee for exami ation . In 1841 - 42 the town raised by taxation but for each 4 1 child between and 6 years of age , and the committee of constantl y urged , in its early reports , the need more funds .

1 4 - The total school appropriation in 8 2 3, when the census 1 4 4 1 showed 9 3 children between and 6 , was but of

4 — 4 which came from the state . In 1 8 7 8 was

appropriated by the town , and received from the state . f School was kept on Saturday mornings , and or 46 weeks o f 40 1844 instead as at present . The regulations of provided A M 12 that school should be held from 9 . . until throughout 2 the year , and in the afternoon from to 5 i n the summer and from to in the winter . Three vacations were allowed each year , two weeks from the last Wednesday A in pril , three weeks from the third Wednesday in July

o vem ber and one week from the third Wednesday in N .

Fast Day , Thanksgiving , Christmas , the Fourth of July and “ every Saturday afternoon were holidays , and none other ” o f shall be allowed except by special vote the committee .

By 1850 the entire day on Saturday was allowed as a holiday , as well as the day after Thanksgiving , but there were still

46 weeks of school each year . After 1845 the schools began to show material improve o f ment , in consequence the influence of the state normal t school , and in their progress kept pace wi h the other schools o f the commonwe alth . A bout this time , also , a beginning was made in the con struction o f larger and better buildings . The present Anawan schoolhouse was built after its predecessor o f that

79 name , (a remodelled Congregational church , ) had been burned f 184 “ o 3 . in the fire It was regarded as a model , w ith the most perfect school room i n Bristol County to quote from a o f 1 4 statement the committee i n 8 8 . The High street build 1n w 1 4 1 4 g follo ed i n 8 6 , the June street i n 8 9 , the Columbi a street and the High School i n 1852 and the Maple street in 18 5 5 . 1 The Morgan street dates from 868 , and since that

time buildings have rapidly followed each other , as noted

elsewhere , as the city has grown . Three will be completed 191 1 oh n M cDo n ou h this year , the J J g , the William J Wiley A and the Hugo . Dubuque . Sixteen other brick school build

n n i gs have been erected a d occupied in the last 20 years . Fall River was o n e of the earliest commun ities to estab 1 4 lish a high school . This was in 8 9 , the same year as New

York . In April o f that year the town meeting authorized a

high school , and appropriated for its maintenance .

ﬁr t 10 i n The s session was held on May , the private school k which stood on the south side of Franklin Street , east of Oa , B ﬁrs t occupied by George . Stone , who became the principal .

The building on the corner of Locust and June streets , later for called the Foster Hooper school , was erected high school 1 852 to use in , and the school then removed this structure , Was 1868 though only the upper room seated until , when the teaching of French was begun and a three years ’ English oo for course inaugurated . When the school grew t large this

ﬁ rs building , the t year classes were held in the Davenport

school house . 1 887 Conditions were relieved greatly by the opening i n , ﬁ n est of the B . M . C. Durfee High School , the gift ever

made to the city , but i n recent years even this has been l crowded by its 900 students , and a new tech nical high schoo of four floors on the site of the Foster Hooper and June 1 1 1 9 . Street buildings was begun in M ay , 1 4 The first evening school was Opened in 8 8 . A factory ” ﬁrs school , probabl y the t of its ki nd in the State , was 1 A organized in 868 , at the nawan building , for children under

15 years of age working in the mills , who were required by “

law to attend school 12 weeks in the year . The factory ” - school continued forty eight weeks , thus accommodating 1 2 ar four sets of children for the required weeks a ye . 80 A school for truants and children o f the inmates of the almshouse was held at that institution for many years , from 1 about 1865 to 890. 1 4 The district system , with at first 0 and later 1 districts , 1 4 was retained until 86 . The fi rst school superintendent was l e ected th e following year , and began his duties in the fall f 1 o 865 . 1 1 A training school was established in February , 88 , in on m re the Robeson School building , Colu bia street , and was moved to the Osborn Street school when that was completed i n 1 1 89 . Special instructors in music and drawing were appointed 1 8 7 l irch in 8 ; sewing , w had twice been tried for a short time , 1 9 o f was permanently introduced in 8 6 , and the teaching 1 cooking authorized in 91 1 . Manual training was introduced with the Opening of the new High School in 1887 . o f The providing free text books , thus making public

education absolutely without direct cost to parents , began in 1 4 April 87 , this city being the ﬁrst in the state to introduce this system . Its effects in relieving heads o f families from a considerable expense , in the prompt supply of books when needed and in increased attendance were so satisfactory that

the original outlay , though considerable , was well repaid . The general state law requiring free text books and supplies n o t o 1 4 did g into effect till August , 88 . Parochial schools have been in existence here for many o f years , and many them are well appointed , substantial and ’ ’ u - o - t A p t date structures , St . Mary s Cathedral , S . nne s , ’ ’ h s t t t . o se Notre Dame , S . Patrick s , S . Louis , S J p , the ’

t . t . Sacred Heart , The Blessed Sacrament , S Matthew s , S t t ’ E John the Baptist , S . Stanislaus , S . Roch s , and spirito

Santo , each support a parish school .

CH URCH E S AN D CH ARI TIE S

o f co n ven i Fall River has churches many denominations ,

ently situated in all parts of the ci ty , and the stranger , o f whatever his creed , is sure to find here companies those in e iﬁc s fo r s ympathy with him . Many of the d e are noted

their architecture . 81 The citizens have been liberal in their gifts to charities , and handsome and commodious buildings have been erected for ’ the care of the orphan the aged and the sick , while the Boys ’ Club , the Young Men s Christian Association , the Women s ’ Union , the Children s Home an d the Bishop Stang Day

o Nursery testify t work along other lines . The ﬁrst church to be formed i n what is now Fall River h was t e First Baptist , which was organized with 30members o n 1 1 1 22 1 Feb . 5 , 78 , and ordained its first pastor May , 783 . “

It was known as The Baptist Church in Freetown , Dart mouth and Tiverton . The records are fragmentary , but i t appears that a meeti ng - house was erected near the Narrows 1 about 800, and that at this time the name was changed to “ ” 1 2 - 2 The Second Baptist Church i n Tiverton . In 8 8 9 a “ revival took place , the name was agai n changed to The ” m ifi First Baptist Church i n Troy , which was later o d ed to o f agree with the change i n the name the town , and a new church built on South Main street and afterward sold to the E piscopal Society . The present Baptist Temple was erected 1 1 4 1 4 fir 8 . 8 7 an d the st service held there July , 0 In the church divided and the Temple was sold to th e Second Baptist i t . Society , which still occupies The First Baptist Church worshipped in Union Hall till its present edifice on North Main street was completed in 1850 and dedicated on October 23 o f . , that year .

— It has three large chapels the Broadway , the Brownell

S treet and the Harrison Street . The Broadway , which , like the others , started as a Sunday sch ool , began i n 1 857 , an d occupied a chapel at the northwest corner of Columbia an d

u . Canal streets , later sold for a Portug ese Catholic church

Afterwards , services were held on the second floor of the Ferry Street station till the present building at the southeast corner of Broadway an d William street w as completed . The Brownell street chapel was organized in 1871 as the Mechan ill i cs v e Baptist church , which name was later changed to its present title . The Harrison Street Chapel was started in 1 885 . The First Congregational Church was organized Jan u ary 9 1 16 n o m , 8 , but had regular eeting place for some time . In

82 1821 - 22 a church was erected on a portion of the present A 4 . 5 36 nawan school lot It was feet long and feet wide , and had a vestry underneath . It was extended 25 feet in 1827 and was afterward sold to the Unitarian Society , and still later bought by the school district and converted into a

. 1843 schoolhouse It was burned in the fire of . The present North Main Street Church was built in 1832 and dedicated on 21 November . A clock was placed in the steeple the follow

ing year . Work on a new church and parish house on Rock ,

Cherry and June streets was begun in the spring o f 1911 . The Friends er ected a meeting- house o n the North Main

street lot where their present church stands in 1821 . This was soon found to be too small and was sold to the town and

removed to Rock street , opposite the present high school ,

- where it was used for a school house . The present church , 1 was built in 836 . The denomination has a mission on

Stafford road . 1 2 The First Christian Church was organized in 8 9 , and

erected an ediﬁce on Frankli n street the following year . 4 This was burned in the 18 3 ﬁre, and the present church then

took its place . U 2 The nitarian Society was formed in 1 83 , and met for a

time in the Old Line Meeting House on South Main street .

It then bought the Congregational church on Anawan street ,

and in 1835 dedicated its present church , which then stood

on the southeast corner of Borden and Second streets , and w as removed to the location it now occupies on North Main

- street in 1860 61 . The oldest of the Primitive Methodist churches is the 1874 ﬁ rs t First P . M . Church , incorporated in , though the , meetings of the denomination had been held three years 1875 previously . The church was completed in and th e 1 school room on Dover street in 888 . The Second Church 1 93 8 . was formed in 1 891 , and dedicated its edifice in The 1 92 Sykes Church was organized in 8 .

The ﬁrst Catholic service was held here , in a private 1 2 1834 ﬁrst house , in 8 9 , and late in the attempt was made to

St . form an organization . Land on Spring street , where ’ Mary s Cathedral n o w stands , was purchased , and a smal l

83 B 1 8 i . wooden chapel erected in 36, called St . John the apt st o n 1 4 The chapel was extended the south after 8 0, w ith the result that the altar and six pews were in Rhode Island while 1 50 the rest of the church was i n Massachusetts . Soon after 8 e a new church became a nec ssity , an d the work of laying th e ’ n ‘ M r s foundatio for St . a y was begun . The cornerstone was 8 1852 an d laid August , , the walls , with the exception of the a d u front , c rrie p to their present height , while the chapel within was still i n use . The little buil di ng was then cut in tw o to an d removed the site of the present rectory , where i t services were held till was burned i n 1856 . From that time r n the cong egatio worshipped in the present church , which on the organization of the diocese of Fall River was made the cathedral . The First Methodist Episcopal Church was formed in 1827 and erected a small ed iﬁce o n the westerly side of what

is now Camden street near Central street . It was later used 1 1 as a dwel ling an d was taken down in 9 0. A new church o n the site o f the present building o n South Main street was 1 4 constructed in 8 0, burned in 1 843 and at once rebuilt and 1 44 dedicated in 8 . The Church o f the Ascension was organized July

and met i n the Pocasset house , which stood at the corner of 4 South Main and Pleasant streets till 18 0, when it bought the

former First Baptist Church on South Main street . This was 1 5 burned in 8 0. It was at once replaced and was occupied on till the church Rock street , between Pine and Cherry streets was built and occupied in 1 875 when the old church u was devoted to b siness purposes . A large parish house on 1911 Purchase street was completed in May, . The church ’ has charge of St . Matthew s Mission o n Locust street . 1 The Central Congregational Church was formed Nov . 6 , 1842 70 f , by members o t h e First Con gregational and met in i 1 1 44 dwellings and i n the Pocasset house t 1 8 , when it dedi c ated a Wooden edifice o n the northwest corner o f Bedford R 4 and ock streets . The present church was begun in 187 and t 1 1 3 18 1 9 . . 8 dedica ed Dec , 75 . The chapel was erected in

For many years the church maintained a city m issionary , Rev E A . . . Buck , who did good work among the needy and

19 was burned in November , 03, when the present church , i n 19 completed 06 , was begun .

Other Catholic churches here are the Blessed Sacrament , ’ formerly St . Dominic s , whose ediﬁce was recently completed ; t ’ S . 1 Mathieu s , organized in 886 an d dedicating its church i n 1896 t ’ ’ S . h n o ; Jean Baptiste , St . Roc s , Sa t Christo , San Miguel s , E t t spirito Santo , Madonna de Rosario , S . Stanislaus and S . ’ Anthony s . t ’ 1 1 3 S . M E 185 2 Paul s . . church was organized in by mem bers of the First Church and erected a building on Bank street 1852 M E in , which was enlarged in 1864 . The Brayton . . , until 1 870 about known as the Globe Street M . E . , was organized in 1854 th e u , Q arry Street in 1870an d the North M . E . i n 1859 . The

Sum m erﬁeld M E i n 1 7 . . Church was organized 8 5 . It erected a bui lding on Terry street and took the name of the Terry M E . i Street . Church . In 1878 the edif ce was removed to its present location on North Main and Hood streets . Five years later the church was raised and the name changed to the M E 1 9 Park . . Church . The present title was assumed in 8 0. E i sco There is also a colored church , the African Methodist p 1 pal and an Italian Mission on Plain street , organized i n 905 . Nearly all the Episcopal churches were started by the ’ n Church of the Ascension . St . Joh s became independent in 1881 , and erected a wooden church on South Main street , followed by the present stone church , in which services were ﬁrs E t held on aster Day , 1890. St . James was organized in 18 1 5 t 83 , and occupied its present church in March , 88 , S . Mark ’ s erected a church on Mason street i n 1888 an d became 1 94 ’ i ndependent i n 8 . St . Luke s became a separate parish in

1 . t 896 . , an d the present church was built soon after S ’ ’ oh n s w as Stephen s , formed from a mission of St . J , organized 1896 in , and has j ust completed its church .

In addition to the First Christian Church , the city has tw o — others of this denomination the North , dating from 1842 1 76 ’ and the Bogle Street , formed i n 8 . The latter s ediﬁce 1 was built in 885 . There is also a chapel on New

Boston Road , called New Boston Chapel . o Other churches here are the Globe r First Presbyterian , organized in 1890; the Reorganized Church of Jesu s Christ of

86 1 Latter Day Saints , organized in 863 , whose church was built 1 76 1 of in 8 , burned in 893 , and rebuilt ; the Church the New eru salem 1 4 iﬁc 1869 J , organized in 85 , whose ed e dates from ; 1 the Advent Christian , organized in 887 , which erected a chapel the following year ; the Church of Christ , Scientist , dating from 1892 ; the First Spiritualist Church and Lyceum ; ’

St . R O Paul s Lutheran Church , a ussian rthodox Church , and

- the First Polish Church of the Blessed Virgin , the last named a Polish National Catholic church . There are also four

i h con re ati o n ~ th Jew s g g s e Sons of Jacob , the Union Street

A Ah arat . Synagogue , the Congregation das Israel , and Achim The present Young Men ’ s Christian Association dates from 1888 (though there had been an association here as early as 1857 ) and was housed from 1888 to 1895 in the Slade l e E m . house , at the corner of North Main and streets It th n removed to a house on the northeast corner of North Main and Pine streets on which site stands the large brick building which 1 9 was dedicated April , 03 .

There are tw o temperance societies in Fall River , the Young Men ’ s Irish American Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Society and the Young Men ’ s Protestant Temper sub stan ance and Benevolent Society , both of which occupy tial brick buildings of their own . The work of the Women ’ s Union began in 1 873 in the

1 909 . Troy building . The present structure was completed in ’ The Boys Club was organized in 1890 and had its ﬁrs t quarters o n Troy street . The Anawan street building was D 1898 o M . erected and donated t the club by . C. Borden in , an d the Pocasset street annex in 1908 . ’ 1 873 ﬁ rst The Children s Home , organized in , occupied a building at the northwest corner of North Main street and

President avenue , erected a frame building , followed by the R present brick structure , at the corner of Walnut and obeson 1 streets , dedicated in 895 . ’ 1885 St . Vincent s Orphanage , founded in , occupied a wooden building till its present brick home was completed in 4 189 .

’ o se h St . J p s Orphanage , another large institution , is cared for by Notre Dame parish .

87 fo r A ‘ 1891 The Home ged People , organized in , occupied th e o n Leland House High street in its early years . It 1 9 dedicated its Highland avenue buildingin March , 8 8 . A ’ Ste . nne s Hospital , erected by the Dominican Sisters of 4 1 Charity , of Tours , France , was dedicated February , 906 . U The nion Hospital , whose new building was Opened in O t 1908 c ober , , was formed by the merger in 1900 of the Fall R iver Hospital , founded in 1885 and situated on Prospect e E 1 9 stre t , and the mergency , establi shed in 8 5 in a building W ’ where the structure of the omen s Union now stands . 1 for Two day nurseries , both establi shed i n 19 0, care he infants while their mothers are at work . They are t Bishop

n Stang Day Nursery , in a building erected for its use o Third

street , and the Ninth Street Day Nursery , started by The f College Club , an organization o ladies . There is also an

e o n institution called the Seaside Hom e , situat d the shore of the bay , which cares for babies during the summer . 1 The Salvation Army work began in 883 . The head 1 1 quarters were i n Court Square for years , and then i n several locations till the Bedford street citadel was erected 1 in 903 .

FIRE D EPAR TM E N T

ﬁre The early department was entirel y a volunteer one . “ i 1818 ” The f rst engine , bought by the town in was a bucket

engine , which drew water from a tub of the machine , filled by A a line of men who passed buckets from one to another . i t carriage , with a large number of buckets , attended , but n ﬁr many of the citizens had their o w e buckets , generally of leather on which the nam e of the owner was painted and which they took with them when responding to an alarm . This

engine was ﬁrst stationed o n the south side of Central street ,

near Inch , subsequentl y i n the rear of city hall , an d later still

in th e old town house o n Central street . It was altered to a draught engine after the fire of 1843 and remained in service 7 until 1853 , when it was succeeded by Mazeppa No . . Another engine was purchased by private subscription i n 2 18 6 . This also drew water from a tub , which was forced ,

88 - without hose , through a goose neck nozzle . It was stationed near Bedford and Main streets and is said to have been drawn t o f ires by oxen . The second engine bought by the town was H yd rau li on 2 No . , first kept in Stone lane , o ff Central street , and later in the

Niagara house on Pleasant street . It was a draught engine , having two decks and two sets of brakes , one worked by men standi n g on the grou n d and the other by men on a platform . 3 It was never very popular with the citizens . Cataract No . ,

i n 1 4 purchased 8 3, was housed at the corner of Franklin and R 4 o f ock streets , while Niagara No . , the same period , was 1 stationed in the Niagara house on Pleasant street until 853 ,

and was later sent to North Main and Turner streets , with the 2 new name of Torrent No . , and a new Niagara was purchased 1 which remained in acti ve service until 865 , and was used by N o 1 . a volunteer force at the Print Works fire in 867 . Ocean 7 5 1 4 N o . , bought in 8 6 , was kept o n Pearl street , Mazeppa ,

o f . Co . formerly the property the Massasoit Mfg , was kept

successively in the tow n house , the armory , Court square and o f at the corner South Main street and Broadway . Other A early engines were the tlantic No . 6 , owned by Hawes , Davo l Marvel , and kept at their machine shop , the Metro 7 . ﬁ r polis No and the Franklin . The last hand e engine was

the Cascade , which had belonged to the town o f Fall River , I R. . , and was kept on the west side of South Main street south o f Columbia street and afterward at the Globe Print ﬁfti es Works , and maintained by that company . In the early an engine hou se having been built o n present site o f the

Cascade house , the engine was placed there . In addition to the regular fire companies there were

several organizations known as Forcing Pump Companies ,

formed by the various manufacturi ng establishments . They were equipped with hand hose reels and attended all ﬁres t r which heir hose , when attached to the pumps at thei .

factories , would reach . While they were not considered a t o f ﬁ rem en par the regular department , their election as c o f was subj e t to the approval the fire wards , and they

received a slight compensation from the town . They were

t ﬁn f r - 1 2 also subj ec to es o non attendance . In 83 there were

89 M four of these companies , one at the Fall Ri ver anufactory , R ’ one at obeson s Print Works , one at the Pocasset mill an d on e at the Troy mill ; on e was later maintained by the Anna o wan Mfg . C . Nearly all the regul ar companies disbanded as ﬁre com

n i es 18 7 p a in 5 , following the action o f the city government i n limiting the aggregate to be pai d each compan y for com i n sat on . p e They continued as social organizations . The Ocean and the Cataract Companies had b an ds of considerabl e

note . The most promine n t citizens of the town belonged to

ﬁ r n the e comp anies duri g their days of active service . The early companies som etimes made excursions to the

neighboring cities , Newport , New Bedford and Provi dence .

More notable than any of these , however , was the visit to

‘

New York on the steamer Bay State , made by th e Cataract 4 Company of 18 7 . In the early days an alarm o f ﬁre was gi ven by shouting u and the ringing of bells , and methods were not m ch 1 4 improved in 85 , when an ordinance adopted in that year , provided that immediately on an alarm o f fire during the o night , it should be the duty of the watchmen t give notice i thereof by springing rattles , crying f re or ringing a bell , and

r ﬁr mentioning the street or di ection where the e was . No

ﬁre bell was to be rung for a chimney , either by day or night .

For many years the bell on the Court House , on Court fire A M square was rung as a alarm . It was also rung at 7 . . , 9 P M b n efit 9 1 2 M 1 6 . . e . , , and , for the of the people , the 1 4 P M 87 . . . , bell served as a curfew , and this continued until 1 fi m After 1832 until about 868 , of cers of the depart ent fi c arried speaki ng trumpets as the insignia of of ce . o The Fall River Iron Works C . earl y laid a pipe from the Watuppa dam to the Iron Works property at the foot of the fi r e . hill , with several hydrants for purposes The first hose reel was secured i n 1843 and stationed on

- 1851 Rock street . A four wheeled hose reel was bought in ,

and stationed at the Cataract House , and the first horse hose

i n reel in 1863 , kept the Court Square building .

Like the other apparatus , the early hook an d ladder

ﬁr 1 826 trucks were small . The st was bought i n , kept on

90 t Pleasant street , and drawn by hand . One purchased as la e ﬁ to as 1871 , was rst drawn by hand and then changed be used o 1 1 885 with a horse . The present N . , purchased i n , was the

fi rst in the state to be equipped for three horses abreast . h n 1 1859 firs t u u ec a . The steamer , Q eq No , was bought in , and replaced in 1871 and again in 1891 . It was kept in the Court square building till the completion Of the Prospect 4 Phlii N o street house in 187 . The King p , . 2 , was purchased 1 i n 860, an d also stationed at same place till it was removed 1871 fir to the Central engine house in . Other early steam e 4 engines were the Metacomet , No . 3 the Niagara , No . A 5 . 6 M . the assasoit , No ; the nawan , No ; and the Pocasset , 1 75 No . 7 , all bought before 8 .

Of the early engine houses , the Niagara , formerly known ’ Fi rem n s o n as e hall , was the stone building still standing the

south side of Pleasant street , between Second and Third , built 1877 in 1838 and sold in . The Cataract , now occupied by the ’ ir m n s Fall River Veteran F e e Association , is at the corner o f 184 Rock and Franklin streets and was built in 3 . The Ocean house still standing on Pearl street , now occu pied by the Deﬁ ’ Fi rem en s 1 4 ance Veteran Association , was built in 8 5 . The

Court Square House , now occupied by the police , was formerly 1 a livery stable and was purchased in 857 . The Central engine

i 1870 i n 1 9 house was bu lt in and enlarged 8 6, and the houses of the Anawan on North Main street , the Pocasset on Pleasant 1 4 and the Massasoit on Freedom were erected in 87 , the u e u ch n 1 7 Q q e a on Prospect street in 8 5 , and the present 1 Niagara , on Plymouth avenue , in 878 . The Cascade house on 189 South Main street replaced , in 8 , a structure put up by 50s the town of Tiverton in the . The more recent ﬁre department buildings and apparatus on are the Bogle Hill station Pleasant street , erected in 1 E 9 899 , and occupied by ngine No . a building corner South 1 Main and Howe streets , erected in 899 , and occupied by combined hose and chemical apparatus No . 10; the High 1 land station , erected in 909 , used by a combination ladder and chemical truck . The ﬁ rst Cascade auto equipment was installed Septem 1909 ber , , and an auto combination hose was added in the 1 1 same building in April , 91 . 91 The building at Maplewood was erected in 1910 and Hose

o 1 1 1 91 1 N . installed in it February , . Before 1829 the fi rem en were in charge of ten wardens elected annually . In that year the number was increased to fir 2 1832 e . 0, and in a department was formally establi shed o f After that time , members companies received a small yearly fir compensation . The st permanent man was appointed in

1860 1 . in , as driver of Steamer No . , in Court Square It was

' o hi s d uty , on an alarm , to take two hors es belonging t the

o ﬁr Tw o street department , and drive t the e. additional 1 drivers were appointed in 865 , and took turns at highway 1 work with their teams . In 873, the three men and their horses were placed permanently on duty at the engine houses .

The next year, permanent engineers were appointed , and in n 1 94 1886 a captai and hoseman for each engi ne . In 8 the all fire captains of companies were made permanent , and since then the depar tment has rapidly been brought to its present 1 26 2 efficiency . It now has permanent and 9 cal l men . fir t 1 The e alarm elegraph system was installed in 870, firs t 1 2 and the alarm given from box 6 on Jan . 7 . The first chemical engine w as b o ught in 1872 and the first extension

1 5 fir f truck of the aerial type in 87 , and st piece o automobile i n 1 fire apparatus was bought 909 . The department came under the control of the fire com t 1 mission when the ci y charter went i nto effect i n 903 . The dates of some of the more notable fires are $ The ” 2 1 843 E an 13 1 849 Great Fire , July , ; the mpire State , J . , ;

R n a . 24 1 the Micah uggles house , J , 857 ; Globe Print Works , 5 1867 15 1867 Dec . , ; American Print Works , Dec . , ; Massasoit o v 2 1 1 1 4 Steam Mill , N . , 875 ; Granite Mills , Sept . 9 , 87 ; A 29 1 1 1 merican Linen , June , 876 ; Border City No . , Nov . 7 , ’

1877 2 1 . ct 2 9 878 . 8 . O ; Chace s thread mill , Nov , ; Flint Mill , , 1 882 A 24 1 4 ’ ; Sagamore , pril , 88 ; Langley s loom harness factory , ( following a boiler explosion which killed four per 1 4 1 9 sons) June , 8 5 .

Bowenville extended from Cedar street to President o f avenue , west North Mai n street . The Railroad Station formerl y standing at the foot of Old Colony Avenue was called Bowenville . Farmville extended from President avenue to George ’ o f street west o f North Main street , north this was Slade s Ferry After the construction of the Mechanics Mills in 1868 , the name Farmville by common consent became

Mechanicsville . Steep Brook included the section from present Baldwin ’ street northerly to Miller s Cove , from the shore as far east as the present Highland avenue .

Globe Village ( i n Tiverton) was the section having its center near the Junction of present South Main street and

Globe street . M Mt . Hope Village was the section near the t . Hope

( n o w Conanicut) Mill .

Harrisonville adj oined Pleasan t street near the loca tion of Fourteenth street .

New Boston included the section on both sides o f what

road Wi llow n are now New Boston , , Ruth , a d Meridian streets as well as that portion of Wilson road east of Highland avenue as far as the pond . Oak Grove Village comprises a section on both sides of Oak Grove Avenue from London street north to Oak Grove

Cemetery , extending east to Freelove street .

Bigberry , the point of land j utting into the Q uequ ech an river near present Sixteenth street . ” Mosquito Island the location of the Wam su tta Steam

Mills , now Massasoit Manufacturing Company , south of

Pleasant street . H Rattlesnake ill , section near the present location of

Watupp a Freight Station .

Newville , section near Sucker Brook and Stafford road , “ ” now included in Maplewood . “ Happy Hollow ” was the ravine extending from Bay M t . street to Hope Bay near present Birch street . This was f r a favorite resort o Sunday school picnics .

94 Adiron d ac Grove was on the easterly shore of North

Watu a - pp pond near the present Fall River Westport line . Excursions by steamer from a landing near the present Troy building were popular until 1872 when the construction of bridges across Q uequechan river made the passage im practic able

Scotch Hole a section near the present j u nction of ue u ech an eff rs o Q q , J e n and Warren streets . Flint Village included the section from County street ( formerly Old Bedford road ) southerly to Q uequechan river m h n and f ro Q uequec a street easterly to Eastern avenue . Town pump stood at southeast corner of city hall and was used until introduction of city water .

Indian Town , is the section east of North Watuppa pond ex tending from the Westport line northerly about one mile , n o n deriving its ame from an Indian settlement , which was s s the In dian re ervation at thi location . The Narrows This strait divides the pond into North “ s Watuppa and South Watuppa . At one time this strait w a ’ - — passed on a foot bridge of stepping stones . Fowler s

History . It is now cross ed by the roadway to Westport and

New Bedford .

95 1 03 Fou nded , 8 . ci t 1 54 Incorporated a y , 8 . 41 Area , including land and water , about square miles . 1 1 m il s 7 Length of city , about e , width % miles . _ 1 1 A - 9 0 ssesse,d polls , April , , R vot rs 1910 a egistered e , , m les , females ,

Dwelli ngs , T x 191 l 1 a , 0, inclusive of po ls 83 . 73 . f tax a ibn 1 910 1 70. 000 8 . Rate o t , , per $ , , $1 l o n 2 Pub ic Scho l Buildi gs , 5 .

ln c Pupils enrolled Publi Schools , 3 9 1 Public Library , number of volumes , 8 , 5 . Pe Ofﬁce 1 825 226 1910 st , receipts in , $ ; in , $ of re s 1 1 1 Miles Accepted St et , 9 , M iles o f 191 1 Miles of Sewers , ,

‘ 1 1 1 Miles of Water Pipe , 9 ,

n ‘ 1 1 1 Fire Hyd ra ts , 9 , E i 191 1 4 lectr c Arc Lights , , 8 6 . 191 1 Gas Lights , , 191 1 208 Kerosene Lights , , .

Valuation Spindles

2 4 3 , 08

Seacon n et Mills Shove Mills Stafford Mills n o Steve s Mfg . C . Tecumseh Mi lls Troy Cotton and Woolen Manufactory o Union Co tton Mfg . C . Wampanoag Mill s Weetam oe Mills

036

o A Own ed by theEN ew England Cotton Yarn C . B o Own ed by the American Thread C .

C Equivalent to print cloth spindles .

Algon quin Printing Co . o American Printing C .

Ashworth Broth ers , Inc . E o Fall River lectric Light C . r Fall Rive Gas Works Co . r o Heywood Narrow Fab ic C .

Kilburn , Lincoln Co . r o Old Colony B eweries C . r o Standa d Fabric C . o Union Belt C .

98 I N D E $

A t H 42 t . t M E bbo , John Bray on . . Church t 43 44 Aboli ion of Grade Crossings , Broadway Chapel Academy of Music 34 Brownell S tree t Chapel Advent Chris t ian Church 87 Boundary line t t 66 Alba ross , s eamer Bourne Mills

ﬁ rs t 26 t . . Aldermen , Board of Bradford Durfee , s eamer

l t o 40 61 H . C . K A gonquin Prin ing , Braley , o 23 60 B American Linen C , ridge Mill

- P . 1 1 7 9 6 6 t . t Co . t American g . Brigh man S ree t Bridge 1 t t 9 t t . Anawan s ree Bris ol , s eamer 22 23 78 t Anawan School , , Bri ish A t t ack

. 6 M S. Annawan Brown , . 1 8 59 63 t Annawan Mill , , Brownell S reet School 39

57 0 0 0 0 0 t t 0 An hony , David Bucke Engine 1 9 88

t 1 B u fﬁn to n I . Area of Ci y , Son f t 40 B u ﬁi n t o n Arkwrigh Mills , James

42 t t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armory Cabo , Sebas ian 6 Art icles of Confederat ion approved 14 Ca n o n i c u s 6

t . . 21 27 Can o n i cu s t 0 0 0 0 0 66 A henaeum , , s eamer

5 74 t o 77 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Banks , Caroline , schooner 7 Bapt ist Church a t Narrows 1 7 Catholic Churches 83 t o 86 ’

t t 19 82 t Co n re at l . 34 84 B ap is Temple , Cen ral g g Church ,

o . 40 Barnaby Mfg . C 38 Chace Mills

Co 32 40 . 54 57 Barnard Mfg . , Chace Oliver ,

Batt ery M 42 Chace s Thread Mill . O O O O O O O O O O O t t 14 1 5 t 40 B a le of Fall River , Charl on Mills

t t t 55 61 62 t t . 19 B ay S a e Prin Works , , Cherry s ree ’

t t t t . 24 4 63 m Co . 3 Bay S a e S eamboa , , Children s Ho e

t t t 24 35 t . 26 Bay S a e , s eamer , Cholera ou break B 12 t t 59 . Bel ing in roduced Church , enj and Caleb

2 t h e . 34 84 J . C 6 Blaisdell , . Church of Ascension , t 8 1 88 Blessed Sacramen t Church 86 Churches and Chari ies ,

Block Print ing 19 Church of th e New Jerusalem . . 87 ’ 21 z . . 23 48 76 Block Shop Ci t i ens Savings Bank , , t t 25 26 27 44 45 Board of Heal th 37 Ci y Char er , , Bogle S t reet Church 86 Ci ty Dispensary 4 1 34 t t i t Borden Block Ci y Elec ion , f rs t 24 t Borden , Cap . Thomas Ci y Engineer

59 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Borden , Holder , M D t t 39 , . C. . 6 1 63 87 Ci y S ables Borden ,

N B 26 . 28 29 Borden , . . Civil War , 1 1 20 Border Ci ty Mills 38 Cleft Rock , ’

o o o o o o o o o o o o 3 Boys Club Clo th produced . o Clyde Line Fact ory School 80 t t l 0 31 Columbia S ree Schoo Fairb anks , George t t t 34 Company s ores Fai h , s eamer t o 36 t F R . P t C Conanicu Mill . . S eamboa

t t . 1 8 38 75 Congrega ionalis s Fall River B ank , ,

o rb i t a n t l tt 1 4 C Fa l River , B a le of

Co . 0 0 0 0 0 . 32 62 Cot e Piano Mfg . Fall River Bleachery , .

- Cott on used Fall River Co operative B an k . 38 77 l 48 Coughlin , John T Fal River , Diocese of W t Coughlin , John Fall River Five Cen s Savings Bank 48 75 76 77 Coughlin School , , ,

Covel S treet School Fall River Gas Works Co .

Cr ab o n d . 18 23 38 40 59 61 p Fall River Iron S , , , , , , t o 66 0 7 1 Go . 63 7 th e Works I , , Creek , 24 34 35 63 66 Crescen t Mills Fall River Line , , , , Co 63 68 W . Fall River M achine , Cummings , John . Cus tom House 1 7 36 Fall River Railroad 25

. 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 R I . d t 67 Fall River , . , annexe Dar , schooner

t . t F . 33 Fall River Manufac ory Davenpor , James

. 1 8 56 57 58 63 D avenport School 32 , , ,

l . . 1 8 75 Davis Mills 40 Fa l River Savings B ank ,

l . 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 8 75 T Fa l River Union B ank , R ob er t . D avis ,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 Davis School 32 Feehan , Bishop a 90 92 D av o l Mills 28 Fire al rm , t t D av o l School . 41 Fire depar men 1 8 27 28 32 50 88 - 92 l , , , , , D av o . 56 , William C D ay Nurseries 88 Fire of 1843 21 22 t O O O O O 92 Diocese of Fall River . 48 Fires , da es of Dist rict Court House 51 Firs t Bap tis t Church 31 82 Division of Town 1 5 Firs t Christ ian Church “ ’

t Co n re a t l . . 1 9 82 83 l J o s e h 1 4 1 1 2 irs g g hurch , , D Co . 5 7 5 t o F C urfee , p , , , M E 2 Firs t . . Church Durfee Mills 8 , 38 t t 38 76 Dyer Transport ation Co 36 67 Firs Na ional Bank ,

Earliest Set t lers 1 0 First Railroad . O O O O O O O O O O O O O O . 25 Eigh t Rod way 1 1 Firs t se t t lers 1 0

Electric cars 41 Firs t town house . 1 7 “ ” 35 t 73 4 Fiske , Jim Elec ric drive , 7

t . . 32 40 t t 37 39 Flin Mills , Elec ric ligh s ,

t t t 24 25 5 Flin t Village o o o o o o o o o o o . 32 Empire S a e , s eamer , 3

. . t . 2 Flour Mills Engines , s eam 7 t o 74 55 56 Forcing pump companies 89 English machinery ,

t . 23 50 80 Es t es Mills 63 Fos er Hooper School , ,

. 20 E t . Four Corners udora , s eamer 24

E vening School 23 Fowler Congregational Church . 85

Exchange Hot el 51 Free delivery of mail . 31 ’ Exchange s t ree t 20 Fr eem en s purchase 9

m t t . . 32 8 1 x plo r ers 6 Free ex books ,

tt . 32 40 Narraganse Mills , Power , developmen t of arr a an s et t t o 35 N g S eamship C . Power Looms t 48 75 t t t ur Na ional Union B ank , Primi ive M e hodis Ch ches

42 43 t t ﬁ r s t Naval Brigade , Prin Clo hs ,

N B B 31 t . . . orden School Prin ing machines

t t o 30 . Newpor , railroad Providence Line

t t 35 t . . Newpor , s eamer Providence , s eamer

5 . News , Daily Public Library N ew s p ap ers 5 Purchase s tree t Y t 24 34 35 a t t M E New ork s eamers , Q u rry S ree . . Church

67 u e u ec h an . Nimrod , schooner Q q t 1 8 u e u ec h an t Nor h Burial Ground Q q River , improvemen

North Christian Church 86 o f . 47

Nor th Main stree t widened 32 Q u equ ech an Mill . 61 North Park Q u equ et ean t 7 t W at u a 1 25 30 34 41 43 63 Nor h pp pond Railroads , , , , , t 85 t t 25 43 No re D ame Church Railroad s a ions , t t O ak Grove Ceme ery Reed , Mil on 39

t t o 5 z L D . C . 3 . . Old Colony S eamboa Reorgani ed Church , S

t . 24 35 42 46 47 Old Colony , s eamer , Reservoir Commission , , t t 14 Osborn Mills Revolu ion , his ory in

1 . 4 t . 24 Osborn School Rhode Island , s eamer 1 5 2 d 2 8 7 7 . C 3 Panic of Richard Borden Mfg , 38

45 t . 35 Park Commission Rich ard Borden , s eamer

. 4 31 33 39 45 . . Parks , , Robeson Mills 28 ’

40 t . . 1 8 59 6 1 Parker Mills Robeson s Prin Works , ,

Parochial Schools 81 Rock s tree t 0 Q Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 19 ’ — People s Co operative B ank . . 38 77 Rolling Rock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

t 67 Ro a fh o m Piano Manufac uring 1 9 31 48 , , , 83 t o 87 Picking M achinery 57 gﬁﬁr fh 0 0 0 0 0 g Ruggles Park Pilgrim Congregat ional Church . 85

Sagam re . . Pilgrim Mills . . 40 o Playgrounds 50 Sagamore Mills t t t 19 30 32 Sacred Heart Church Pleasan s ree , , Plymou th Colony 6 Sagk o n at e ’ t e t 23 48 6 S . Anne s Church Pocasse B ank , , 7 ’ t e t l Pocasset Indians 6 S . Anne s Hospi a ’

St . . Co t o 61 . James Church O O O O O Pocasset Mfg . 78 ’

t . 0 0 0 0 0 Pocasse t purch ase 1 1 S . John s Church ’

C. t R . Pocasse t stree t 19 S . John s Chapel t ’ Police S . Joseph s Church ’ Police Commission 43 St . J oseph s Orphanage ’

St . Poor s old by auct ion 1 6 Louis Church ’ t . t 1 6 18 S . Luke s Church Popula ion , , t ’ S . M ary s Church 39 , 43 . ’

t . Por tuguese papers St . Ma hieu s Church ’

t t . . Po s to fﬁ c e S . Pa rick s Church t ’ M E S . . . 31 86 Paul s Church , Tecumseh Mills . t ’ SS. Pe er s and Paul Church 85 Teh t i cu t ’

t . St . S ephen s Church 86 Telephone sys t em t ’ S . Vincen t s Orphanage 87 Temperance socie ties t ’ S . William s Church 88 Tex tile School t Salva ion Army 88 Third Bap t is t Church . Samuel Watson School 50 Th o r ﬁ n n 40 62 t Sanford Spinning Mill , Tiver on Prin t Works t t 1 . O O O O O O 8 5 O O O O O 8 O O O O O O O O Sa ine Mill , Toll Roads O

1 0 3 77 t o 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schools 8 Tory sen timen t 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sea co n n et . 38 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mills Town Clock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

t t . 2 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Second B ap is Church Town Hearse 0 Second National Bank 31 48 76 Town House

Sewers . 33 t t Town Mee ing , firs

65 66 t . Shipbuilding , Town s ocks Shove 32 38 40 Training School

t . 1 1 t t Six Score Acre Lo s Trini y B ap is t Church . 85 Skele t on in Armor 21 Troy Co - operative B ank ’ 4 3 . Slade s Ferry C W . t 1 8 55 t o Troy Manufac ory , Slade ’ s Ferry Bridge 34 58 63 69 7 1 , , ,

- 32 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Slade Mills Troy , name , 8 3

Trust Company . a t Sl er , Samuel 56 57 Turnpikes

47 49 t t t . 54 55 5 Sliding Scale , Union Co on Fac ory , , 8

t t t . 32 39 t Sou h Main s ree widened , Union Hospi al

t . 31 . . Sou h Park , 33 Co 28 40 72 Union Mill , ,

Sp an i s h W ar . . Union Savings 48 75 77 3 31 37 38 39 43 t t Spindles , , , , Union s ree t t 1 9 t 19 78 3 Spring s ree Uni arian Church , , 8

t t 24 41 t t . . 1 Sprinkling of s ree s , 3 85 Uni ed Presby erian Church ,

t 32 38 40 t t t t . S afford M ills , , Uni ed S a es , s eamer 66

t . t 5 1 7 25 31 39 43 S age Lines Valua ion , , , , ,

t e z n . . S andard Fabric C0 . V raz a o 6

t . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S ang , Bishop Wages in early mills 60

t t t . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . S a e of Maine , s eamer Wampanoag Indians 6

O t O O O O O O O O O O O O O . 2 Co . S evens Mfg . Wampanoag Mills 3

t m t a . S ocks , Town W a su t 6

t W am su tt a 31 76 S ore pay Bank , S t ree t cars W am s u tt a Woolen Mill S trike of 1 904 War of 1812 1 7

M E t o 0 . . 3 Summerfield Church Warren , railroad Superior Co urt Washington s tree t 19

Superior Court House Wash wheels . . 2 1

t t t t t . . 66 Tanks , Wa er Depar men Wa er Lily , s eamer t 12 71 Tanneries Wa er Power ,

t t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 33 50 Teaser , s eamer Wa er Works

Tecumseh W a t u ppa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

103 W a tu pp a Mill William Connell School W a tu a t a pp Reservoir Co William M arvel , s e mer

W eet a m o e William S. Greene School . ’ W eet am o e Mills Women s U n ion

W eet am o e t , s eamer Wood slide

West all School Wyoming Mills . Whali n g Y ellow Mill t Y t . Whi e Mill oung American , s eamer

J . l William Wi ey School Y .

104

As a part of the observance of the centennial , a notable exhibit o f the products of the various industries of the city

has been arranged i n the State Armory . The great drill hall

has been most attractively decorated i n blue , completely hidi ng the roof , and the same color has been used i n the k various booths , which are adorned with branches and oa leaves . In addition to the products themselves the processes of manufacture are illustrated in many cases by machinery in

operation , showing the methods used i n the making of hats ,

‘ o f o i pianos , card clothi ng , the pri nti ng calico , the fringing c o n quilts , as well as i n the weaving of loth the most modern

looms , etc . The processes of cotton manufacturing are chiefly shown o f i n the textile school near the armory , where machinery the

same type as that used in the mills of the city , is in operation . In the same building is also shown the work o f the students of the school produced from this machinery . An excellent art exhibit of pictures loaned by citizens has been arranged in the public library and also a display of work

prepared i n the public schools .

In Music Hall is an interesting histori cal exhibit .

1 06