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Geburtstag Von Konrad Peutinger * 16 Magazin für Politik, Der Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Kultur Ausgabe 11 51. Jahrgang / 2015 PeutingerBayerischer Monatsspiegel Einzelpreis EUR 7,50 | Postvertriebsstück 82706 Postvertriebsstück82706 Geburtstag von Konrad Peutinger * 16. Oktober 1465 † 28. Dezember 1547 Jan-Dirk Müller: Das Augsburger Universalgenie Reinhard Laube: Gesammeltes Gedächtnis Helmut Zäh: Hirschkuh und Hexenhammer Rolf Kießling: Martin Luther am Lech Horst Möller: Mensch und Politiker Franz Josef Strauß Hugo Müller-Vogg: Bayern hielt Tor zur Einheit offen Part of your life. Part of tomorrow. Wir machen das Leben einfacher, sicherer und umweltfreundlicher – mit Technik, die mehr leistet, weniger verbraucht und für alle verfügbar ist. Mikroelektronik von Infineon ist der Schlüssel für eine lebenswerte Zukunft. Pioniere der Innovation gibt es in jedem Zeitalter Infineon gratuliert zum 550. Geburtstag von Konrad Peutinger www.infineon.com VORWORT Unweit des Augsburger Doms hat Konrad Peutinger 1515 für seine Familie und seine Bücher ein Heim, er- worben. Seinen Namen hat er mit eigener Hand auf den Stadtplan geschrieben. Dreifacher Geburtstag Diese Ausgabe ist das Magazin der drei Geburts- In unserem Interview gibt der Historiker Horst Möller tage: Konrad Peutinger, unser Namensgeber, wurde Eindrücke über den Politiker und Menschen Franz vor 550 Jahren geboren, Franz Josef Strauß vor 100 Josef Strauß, die fundierter sind als die übliche Pole- Jahren. Dazu gesellt sich ein Wiegenfest, das auf mik, die allein die Erwähnung des Namens oft her- wunderbare Weise Geschichte geschrieben hat: Vor vorruft. Seine Sachkunde bezieht Möller aus einem 25 Jahren konnten wir den ersten Tag der Deut- Archivstudium, wie es vor ihm noch kein Strauß-Be- schen Einheit feiern. schreiber sich angetan hat. Die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Arbeit sind überraschend. Konrad Peutinger ist selbstverständlich der Mit- telpunkt dieses Heftes. Der geniale Jurist, hochge- Und schließlich die wiedergewonnene Einheit. Unser bildete Humanist und leidenschaftliche Sammler Kolumnist Hugo Müller-Vogg erinnert an eine Vor- schwerer Folianten und antiker Kostbarkeiten. Der aussetzung, ohne die es diesen Weg zur Einheit wo- Augsburger Stadtschreiber, der die damals reichste möglich nicht hätte geben können, die aber weithin deutsche Kommune auf den Reichstagen vertrat vergessen ist und die viel mit Bayern zu tun hat. und der Berater gleich zweier deutscher Kaiser war. Allen Lesern wünsche ich viel Freude mit dieser drei- Der Christ, der mit Martin Luther um die dringend fachen Geburtstags-Nummer notwendige Reform der katholischen Kirche rang. Hochkarätige Autoren beleuchten sein Leben und Wirken. Den Geburtstag von Konrad Peutinger feiert das Peutinger-Collegium im würdigen Rah- men gemeinsam mit der Stadt Augsburg und der Staat- und Stadtsbibliothek im Goldenen Saal des Peter Schmalz Augsburger Rathauses. Chefredakteur Der Peutinger 11 / 2015 3 INHALT AKTUELLES Mark Häberlein Bruder-Streit 23 Vorwort 3 Veranstaltungsvorschau 2015 / 2016 38 KONRAD PEUTINGER Jan-Dirk Müller Mit Kaisers Siegel 5 Bernd Grottel Gelebte Freiheit in sozialer Verantwortung 9 Harald Fuchs Geist und Geld 24 Kurt Gribl Schnittstelle zur Neuzeit 9 POLITIK UND WIRTSCHAFT Reinhard Laube Gesammeltes Gedächtnis 10 Peutinger-Gespräch mit Horst Möller zum 100. Geburtstag von Franz Josef Strauß Martha Schad Politiker, Mensch, Mythos 28 „Selten und erstaunlich“ 13 Hugo Müller-Vogg Helmut Zäh Nix finita 34 Hirschkuh und Hexenhammer 14 Peter Schmalz Magnus Ulrich Ferber Verwundete Seelen 36 Der Atlas der Legionäre 16 Helmut Zäh Jakobsmuscheln und Topfhelm 18 PEUTINGER-COLLEGIUM Veranstaltungen des Peutinger-Collegiums: Gerhard Haszprunar 37 Veranstaltungsvorschau 2015 / 2016 38 Rolf Kießling Luther am Lech 19 4 Der Peutinger 11 / 2015 KONRAD PEUTINGER Mit Kaisers Siegel Universalgenie Konrad Peutinger genoss auch das Vertrauen von Maximilian I. 1465: In Augsburg geboren 1485 – 1490: Studium beider Rechte in Bologna und Padua 1493: Zum Syndikus von Augsburg gewählt 1497 – 1534: Stadtschreiber in Augsburg 1498: Heirat mit Margarete Welser 1515: Hauskauf in Dom-Nähe 1518: Diskutiert mit Martin Luther über die Reformation 1521: Wohnt der Vernehmung Luthers auf dem Reichstag in Worms bei 1547: Kaiser Karl V. erhebt Peutinger in den erblichen Adelsstand 1547: In Augsburg gestorben Jan-Dirk Müller onrad Peutinger, vor 550 Jahren am 16. Oktober 1465 in Augsburg geboren, wuchs in Kdie große Umbruchzeit zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit hinein. Kolumbus entdeckte Amerika, Gutenberg erfand den Buchdruck, die Osmanen eroberten Konstantinopel und Martin Luther begann die Reformation. In dieser außergewöhnlichen Zeit war Peutinger eine Ausnahmeerscheinung: Jurist und Humanist, Berater zweier Kaiser und Augsburgs höchster Beamter, der das damals wichtigste deutsche Finanzzentrum auf den Reichstagen vertrat. Als Universalgelehrter war er kundig in den wichtigsten Disziplinen seiner Zeit. Der Peutinger 11 / 2015 5 KONRAD PEUTINGER 4 2 1 Augsburgs ältester erhalte- Von Beruf war Dr. Konrad Peutinger Jurist. Das qua- Damals gab es noch keine feste Residenz, und so ner Stadtplan, der sogenann- lifizierte ihn zum Stadtschreiber – wir würden heute war Augsburg ein Zentrum der Reichspolitik. Nicht te Seld-Plan, entstand 1521 sagen: Leiter der städtischen Verwaltung – in seiner nur, weil er mit einer Welser verheiratet war, spielte aufgrund der Vermessungen Vaterstadt Augsburg. Ein Amt, das er in der damals Peutinger damals eine Hauptrolle. Für das Augsbur- von Jörg Seld, einem Augs- ökonomisch fortgeschrittensten Kommune im Reich ger Großkapital organisierte er öffentliche Disputa- burger Goldschmied und seit 1497 innehatte. Sein Ansehen war so groß (und tionen, an denen Johann Eck (der spätere Gegner Sohn eines Brauers. Der Luthers) gegen das Zinsverbot des kanonischen großformatige Holzschnitt Juristen in vergleichbaren Ämtern noch so rar), dass (190 mal 81 Zentimeter) er als Rechtsgutachter auch in anderen Städten ge- Rechts zu Felde zog, das die Geldgeschäfte behinder- bietet ein genaues Bild der fragt war – in Ehesachen und privaten Rechtsstreitig- te und die Financiers juristisch verwundbar machte. Reichsstadt zur Zeit Konrad keiten ebenso wie in öffentlichen Angelegenheiten, Das diente den reichen Verwandten ebenso wie einer Peutingers. Das kolorierte die die Stadt im Verhältnis zu anderen Reichsständen Sicherung der Grundlage der Reichsfinanzen. Exemplar, das heute im Be- betrafen. Als sich mit der Entdeckung Amerikas erstmals an- sitz der Kunstsammlungen und Museen Augsburg ist, Doch war er weit mehr als ein süddeutscher Lokal- deutete, dass sich der ökonomische Schwerpunkt befand sich in Peutingers politiker. Augsburg war Finanzmetropole. Die reichs- Europas an die Peripherie verlagern werde, war Peu- Bibliothek und wurde von ten Familien der Stadt – die Fugger, die Welser und tinger unter den Organisatoren einer Südamerika-Ex- ihm auch eigenhändig mit einige andere – dominierten nicht nur in der ober- pedition der Welser. In den 1520er Jahren trat er mit Hinweisen versehen. So hat deutschen Textilindustrie und im Fernhandel, son- einer Reihe von Denkschriften für das Reichsregi- er „Peutinger“ an sein sechs dern sie waren auch die wichtigsten Financiers der ment hervor, die gegen scholastische und reformato- Jahre zuvor erworbenes Reichsspolitik. Seit den Anfängen seiner Regierung rische Beschränkungen der Geldwirtschaft sowie der Haus geschrieben (1). Links Kapitalkonzentration des Handels gerichtet waren darüber ist der Dom (2), hatte sich Kaiser Maximilian I. (1459 – 1519) in im- mer stärkere Abhängigkeit von ihnen gebracht, in- und die nach Auskunft der Fachleute zum ersten Mal dem er ihnen gegen Anleihen in bar die Ausbeutung Prinzipien einer liberalistischen Nationalökonomie der landesherrlichen Rechte am Silberbergbau, zu- formulierten und das altständische Wirtschaftsden- ken, das die Reichspolitik prägte, überwanden. mal in Tirol, abgetreten hatte. Mit diesen Anleihen finanzierte er seine Kriege, die Vorbereitungen zu Doch auch sein direkter politischer Einfluss war groß. seinem (gescheiterten) Rom-Zug, aber auch die auf- Maximilian vertraute ihm die Organisation politi- wändigen Projekte, mit denen er sich und seiner Dy- scher wie literarisch-künstlerischer Unternehmungen nastie ein Denkmal für die Nachwelt setzen wollte. an. Peutinger führte das kaiserliche Siegel, so dass er Auch die Wahl seines Nachfolgers Karl V. konnte nur in Maximilians Auftrag Ausschreiben zum Reichstag, mit Augsburger Kapital gesichert werden. kaiserliche Mandate oder auch publizistische Auf rufe 6 Der Peutinger 11 / 2015 KONRAD PEUTINGER 5 6 3 7 an die Reichsöffentlichkeit, derer sich Maximilian Das antike oder an der Antike geschulte Schrifttum zur Bildmitte hin liegen wie keiner seiner Vorgänger bediente, herausbrachte sollte sprachliche Gewandtheit ebenso wie Maximen das Rathaus (3) und der und in Augsburger Pressen drucken ließ. richtigen Handelns als Privatmann wie bei öffentli- Perlachturm (4). Darüber ist chem Wirken vermitteln. Im Kanon der Disziplinen jenseits der Stadtmauer die Nach dem Tod Maximilians 1519 war Peutinger wei- verschoben sich die Gewichte. Die Poesie (und nicht gerade neu errichtete Fug- gerei (5) zu sehen; sie ist die ter aktiv: Er zog 1520 die Fäden bei der Wahl Kaiser mehr die theologische Summe) galt als Inbegriff nütz- erste Sozialsiedlung der Welt. Karls V., war Bevollmächtigter des Schwäbischen licher Kenntnisse, dazu Geschichte und Geographie, Auf der rechten Bildhälfte Bundes gegenüber dem Kaiser und suchte, die philosophische
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