------The British Simuliid Group Bulletin

Number 41 January 2014

BGS ------

THE BRITISH SIMULIID GROUP BULLETIN

Number 41 January 2014

CONTENTS

FromtheEditor………………………………………..………...…...... 1

FORTHCOMINGMEETINGS

12th.AnnualMeetingoftheNorthAmericanBlackFly Association(NABFA)...... 2

6th InternationalSimuliidaeSymposium Torino,.16-19September2014...... 2

ARTICLES

In honour of Zinaida Usova (1924 - 2013) Katerina Sukhomlin...... 4

An update to the World Distribution List of the vernacular or common names given to Simuliids, with a note on the watercress . John B. Davies...... 6

EndPages The British Simuliid Group The British Simuliid Group Bulletin Notes for contributors ------

Cover Image: . Drawings of stages by J. O. Westwood (1848) included with an article on the watercress fly. See p 6 for details. British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 1 ------

FromtheEditor

This time we have the first notice about the 6th International Simuliidae Symposium to be held in Torino, Italy on 16 to 19 September 2014. Please note these dates and begin making plans to attend and participate.

There is just time to arrange to attend The North American Blackfly Association Meeting at the University of Georgia in February 22-23, 2014.

The main feature is an appreciation of the late Zinaida Usova who did so much for student simuliidologists.

On less serious note, updates to the World List of Vernacular names are presented, together with an insight into the ‘mechanic’s breakfast’ of the 1800s.

John Davies British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 2 ------FORTHCOMINGMEETINGS

NorthAmericanBlackFlyAssociation(NABFA)12th AnnualMeeting

Chair: John Walz; Vice Chair: Elmer Gray

Last Minute Reminder

The twelfth annual NABFA meeting is scheduled for Feb 22-23, 2014. The Georgia Center for Continuing Education on the University of Georgia campus in Athens, Georgia will be the host facility. http://www.georgiacenter.uga.edu/uga-hotel

As always, feel free to contact us with any questions or concerns. Thanks!

John P. Walz Elmer W. Gray Metropolitan Mosquito Control District Entomologist 2099 University Ave West 413 Biological Sciences Building St. Paul, Minnesota US 55104 Department of Entomology Office: 651-643-8388 University of Georgia Cell: 612-919-5101 Athens, GA 30602 Email: [email protected] Laboratory (706) 542-1184 Cell (706) 338-0266 Fax (706) 542-2279 Email: [email protected]

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6th InternationalSimuliidaeSymposium Torino,Italy.16-19September2014

Let us remind you of the approaching "6th International Simuliidae Symposium" that will be held in Torino, Italy, on 16th - 19th September 2014 and will embrace all areas of research. The registration fee is 150 € for tenured participants and 110 € for students. The venue of the meeting will be the Regional Museum of Natural Sciences and the city is directly served by the airport of Torino-Caselle or can be reached with a two hour bus journey from Milano-Malpensa. The symposium organizers will soon send some accommodation suggestions and more details to the Simuliidologist Mailing List at

www.jiscmail.ac.uk/simuliidae British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 3 ------

Draft Programme:

Tuesday, 16th September: Arrival of participants; Welcome reception and registration Wednesday, 17th September: Opening of the Symposium; Lecture and Poster sessions Thursday, 18th September: Lecture and Poster sessions; Other business; Conference dinner Friday, 19th September: Excursion

Hope to see you all in September,

Bruno Maiolini & Simone Ciadamidaro Contacts

Emails: [email protected] ; [email protected] Simone Ciadamidaro Ricercatore ENEA - UTTS-ECO Centro Ricerche Saluggia Via Crescentino 41, 13040 Saluggia (VC) - Italia tel. +39 0161483378 fax +39 0161483353 British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 4 ------

InhonourofZinaidaUsova(1924-2013)

Katerina Sukhomlin Lesia Ukrainka Eastern – European National University, Lutsk,

On the 4th October 2013 Zinaida Usova, doctor of biological sciences, honourary professor at Donetsk National University, and an amazing scientist of Medical and Veterinary Entomology, passed away at age 90.

Zinaida was born on August 9, 1924 in the village Sidozero, Leningrad re- gion, . She studied in the biological department of Karelo-Finnish State British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 5 ------

University. In 1950 she entered the Karel branch of USSR Academy of Scien- ces. She interned with the doctor of biological sciences, professor Aino Lutta. In 1954 she defended her candidate dissertation on the topic of «Black (fam- ily Simuliidae, Diptera) of the Karelo-Finnish SSR and Murmansk region». In 1964 she obtained a doctor of biological sciences degree with her monograph «The fauna of black flies of Karel and Murmansk region (Diptera, Simuliidae)». That same year, the monograph was translated into English. For almost 60 years, the circle of her scientific interests included medical and vet- erinary entomology, particularly the study of bloodsucking and ticks as parasites and carriers of the source of illnesses in both humans and . In 1965, the Biology department of the Donetsk State University was founded. Dr. Usova was the first dean, serving for 6 years, from September 1, 1965 till May 3, 1971. She was the head of the Zoology department for 17 years, from September 1, 1965 till September 23, 1982. She had been working at the university for 44 years. In general, Dr. Usova published more than 250 scientific papers, includ- ing 6 monographs. She supervised 23 young scientists, helping them to pre- pare and to defend their candidate theses in biological sciences. The research of Dr. Usova and her school was a huge contribution to study of the formation of the structural organization, fauna, biology and ecology of bloodsucking blackflies as ectoparasites and carriers of the source of illnesses in both hu- mans and animals. This research gave a biological background to the investigation of ways to decrease the number of bloodsucking insects and how to be safe from them. The results of this research were used by the Sanitary-Epidemiological and Vet- erinary Services in different parts of Ukraine. Dr. Usova described 25 kinds of blackflies, 16 of them are listed as valid. As an award for her great and very important work, the blackfly Hellichiella usovae (Golini, 1987) was named after her. In the Zoology department, she mentored simuliidologists from many countries (, , Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan), as well as many Ukrainian medical entomologists from the Sani- tary-Epidemiological Service. She was well known among her entomologist col- leagues from the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science in St. Petersburg, who invited her to create an encyclopedic collection about the fam- ily Simuliidae. Zinaida Usova scientifically cooperated closely with colleagues from (J. Raastad), (K. Kuuzella), (G. Carlson), Slovakia (I. Galgosh) and Russia (A.A. Sharkov, M.P. Lobkova, N. Petrova, L. A. Chubareva). Many publications and monographs, such as: «Blood-sucking mosquitoes and blackflies of the Northern European USSR» A. A. Sharkov, M. P. Lobkova, Z.V. Usova, 1984 and «Blackflies of North Europe» (Y. Raastad, Z. Usova, K. Kuuzella). For many years, Zinaida Usova was the constant head of the Donetsk branches of the Ukrainian Society of parasitologists and the Ukrainian Society of entomologists. British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 6 ------

Dr Usova was presented with the following awards for her practical work and for helping young scientists: the order of "the Badge of Honour" (1967), medals: "For Valiant Labour" (1970, 1980), "Veteran of Labour" (1978), Honou- rary Professor at Donetsk National University (2002), an honourary symbol "for Scientific Achievements" (2007).

The life of Zinaida Usova was active, creative and varied. We will always keep her in our hearts.

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An update to the World Distribution List of the vernacular or common names given to Simuliids, with a note on the watercress fly.

John B. Davies 57 North Parade, Hoylake, Wirral, CH47 3AK, U.K. [email protected]

With their potential for being a biting nuisance in many countries, Simuliids, particularly in the adult stage, are in many countries known by a local vernacular name. Thus it is useful to know this name when visiting or carrying out a survey in a new area.

In the Proceedings of the International Simuliidae Symposium, Berlin 2004, I published a list of about 190 local names that I had recorded during the course of my blackfly related activities using my own observations and published records together with personal information from many of my colleagues (Davies, 2006). Since then, another 17 names have come to light, which I now list in Table 2. I suggest that anyone interested should print out the tables below and insert them into their copy of the Berlin Proceedings.

A complete and up to date indexed list is available on the World Wide Web at URL: http://blackfly.org.uk/Vernacular/vernacular1.htm.

Obviously this list is far from complete, and I would like to invite simuliidologists to submit any names that they know of, or come across, to me for insertion in the list. Areas where information is sparse or lacking are those countries where many languages are spoken, including all of Africa (in spite of the many names already recorded), Central Europe and Asia, and what is loosely referred to as “The Far East”. There is also a surprising absence of names from the North American tribes, particularly from Canada, where blackflies are and were a fearsome pest. The Indians must have referred to them in their own languages, but only two from the Cree and Naskapi tongues British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 7 ------have come to light. The old accounts of early trappers and settlers might be a fruitful source.

The watercress fly

The most recent name addition stems from an article in a 1848 gardening magazine by J. O. Westwood describing the aquatic forms that might be unconsciously eaten with watercress in England. The drawings accompaning the article are reproduced on the front cover of this Bulletin. Westwood must have included them for purely illustrative purposes as they do not appear to represent any known species (he mentions Tipula reptans in the Genus Simulium, a common “blanket term” for simuliids at that time). The name “watercress fly” appears to pre-date any other English name including the infamous “Blandford Fly”.

According to an article in “The Oldie” (Thomas A. (2008), What was ... ‘the mechanic’s breakfast’? The Oldie, No. 237, p. 13 London.), watercress sandwiches were a favourite meal for workmen in London in the 1800s. Pre- dating the “English breakfast” of bacon, eggs, sausage etc. Its popularity led to the establishment of watercress beds in the chalk streams south of London, and at one time up to 20 tons a week were sold at Farringdon market. One wonders how much Simulium and other larvae contributed to the diet!

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to R.W.Crosskey for discovering the watercress fly name. Others who have provided names are listed in Table 1. Many thanks to all.

Table1.SourcesofinformationquotedinTable2 Reference Name

RB Rasa Bernotiene RAC R.A. Cheke AC Aleksandra Cupina CD Csaba Deák Mc C A.W.R. Mc Crae VS V. Spungis British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, January 2014 8 ------e c n e S r e C C V f 1 C C C C , e A A 5 c A A A D B B B R 4 4 , 0 0 5 R R R M C 4 4 9 4 4 9 4 R R R . m y 4 u r 2 t t a 9 i ) n 1 . c p s r u s . a e o n f m b i i c l u r i r t . l m e u . e n d s c m o S B e i m m n i i e , e t ; . . S u u c l l s l l ( a . . e a 9 D a a ' n s s m . p c ] a e h h 5 i u a S e 1 n h p p m 2 m m m m 2 t c a n c e e 3 u i e - u u u u [ a s b b b t c c t t r s s u s t a e 4 a r a a s s o o e o o d l m m m d s r r 1 l b c c d d i S 5 n n i i u m l l l i i a e i h h o t t . i i l t t m c a a a 2 a b l l s s m m l d r r r l c y y u a l p m u u a a o o r r o : e e e u a n . m . d d p p e e c m o n n n a p m m 5 e r i . . . . i . . . i u . e e e S c T c l e g g g S S S S S S S S T S S S r d : t l i o a s e n a n o h e r e i u n p a y h e p o r r c s d e d e a i r F h n e v h r e t i e r t a p l g g C e r L o a g ; d o o d ; u f n n n u 1 , n n n n 4 g e a a ) a a 1 i i e E i i n a e 2 q i n g r r 3 n n h h h h n n h n r l a 7 h , . a i a a : s s s s s a a a a a 1 i i i i i u i i i L c h g g u u n l l l l l S ( 3 m t y p s i e b b v s a n n r h h g g g g g l t r r o t t . r p a u u e w w n n n n n a i i n e w e e b k u d i l n o T E G E S H H E E E S S E G L L L c i y f r n c i t s . r i d e r o o e l g u n l e i g m t L l n o i w a u g r ; u A i r W n l h n f p B . 3 d t u s J o C f a 2 e p . a t m r s ] k u i s ' j n l h h n ] ] i r r a s e o l j a t [ s c e i e r a a y u i ] a l s e l r h [ p [ p n l f l f l e n e m # E c G # l l p p p t a e k g p a k i e e s [ m # # e r # b t f u o n - e # a d c d # i i a e n y s - a s y a g , t i i r o T l - - l a u l B , e b s i s y e f o N f p , l - a . r l - s l e d # s y a s , d e p o k s , F # p k i r G n l u a # B s i a s s G c h c i e s y ú z e u # e b k # o D i w l a t l u f n k a r z n t o m f f e o n a b l o a s b i k s é e s c i i s i o e t k l m a l e o r r t s b v h u l o d e t - m s z i e l h S e m s o i o u h o o e h o n t n s a s s l s t y T t o G t i k b p l i o i e c o a e o e a u l a r o t h h m t u o z ú n . v s . s f k n y i o s c i n e k T n p c S W W G A k m m m y d l t i o l i n t s S e n i i e i t i F l l r r k e f r i u m s H o l r B e s o , o . l p m : e e s e s B i a e 5 ) r f e s w r r i r S 2 4 c g R e e u c e r o a . 4 t l p y e e d , h a 9 R a t a . m s p K s e 1 a u n i . a , e N r ( S a l t a e n i d e a p A 3 . t . W g e r i r n d n f n t e o y e h i o r N s e a s e B l e r g A e r u l T , h o g u n : g k h : y B a ) : a u g s L ) T b c r h . U ) l s 4 B u 5 S L T E D ) a , 0 o 0 a u I 2 8 : e r 9 0 T . ) c 9 4 b H 9 C 2 4 S 1 . a 8 b ( 1 ( 8 , ( e 1 & . ) n . t ( 7 W l . . . . e e l n r a . 1 r r H . i i ( R R W e t E s , h h . O . s s e . . r S y V y d d J . d W e m r r O r R b I . E t n t . o o u , , a f f n . n t D l d A V 2 x x i S u Y g a e r A , o O O O A n t n E U e , , P , d d z E r C E n u I E l t O d d a a i r a l . K a o b e n n A t S S a a a a d A C R w b i b a a r h h . S i i I n n n n W a l l t v r t t u N l R a a a a v v l a t G g g n S u u S o I a R T h h h g o o o e ( n n o o n C T R P O S G G G M U E E C N N G S S G B o C A E R U C A C C M F H W = 0 4 5 6 1 n s n a a 9 4 4 4 4 5 a i i e y y o l y i r r n n s a a a g a a a a a a a a a a a I i i i i e g g c c c c c u u w . i i i i i b b b v t n n r h h r r r r r t R i r r r t t f f f f f u u o r a i i e e e A A A A A H H B S S S N L L L British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, July 2014 ------

THEBRITISHSIMULIIDGROUP

The British Simuliid Group (BSG) is an informal assemblage of scientists of any discipline, from many countries, who have an interest in the Simuliidae. The group’s members include entomologists, parasitologists, environmentalists, ecologists and medics, with interests in ecology, bionomics, , cytotaxonomy, disease transmission, freshwater biology etc. Our aim is to assemble as diverse a group as possible in order to encourage a wide interchange of ideas and information. At present the BSG has about 130 recorded members in the UK, Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Membership is FREE - there are no restrictions. If you are not already a member of the BSG and you wish your interest to be known, all you have to do is send your name and postal and e-mail addresses to the editor at [email protected]. Annual meetings have been held at different locations in the UK since 1978. Abstracts of papers presented are published in our Bulletin which is now available for downloading from the internet. The Group also runs an electronic news list with the name “Simuliidae” which is now on JISCmail. To join “Simuliidae” send the following command as one line of text in an e-mail message without subject heading- join Simuliidae your-firstname lastname to: [email protected]. The Simuliidae list owner is the Editor of the Bulletin. Current and back numbers of the Bulletin can be viewed on the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.blackfly.org.uk. Inquiries about the Group and its activities should be made to John Davies: address on the back cover and e-mail: [email protected]

NotesforContributors

To avoid copy-typing, the editor (address above) would prefer to receive contributions on disc or by e-mail, or typewritten. Details as follows:- 1. Via conventional mail on CDRom or IBM PC formatted 720Kb or 1.4Mb 3.5 inch diskettes, as unmodified word processor files (most common DOS or Windows word processor formats are acceptable) or as RTF, PDF, ASCII or DOS text files (We usually have to change pagination and heading format, anyway). Mark the disc with the format, word processor name and file name(s). Complicated tables and figures can be accepted as separate graphics files (not OLE embedded, please!) but we may ask for a hard copy as a check that all detail has been retained. Remember that figures should have legends and small detail drawn large enough to be visible when reduced to 100mm by 70mm. Diskettes will be returned on request. 2. By electronic mail via the Internet. Send your file in MSWord .DOC or .DOCX or in .RTF or .PDF format or as an ASCII file (also known as DOS or txt File), and e-mail it either as part of the message or preferably as an attachment to: [email protected]

If neither of the above methods are available, then post to me printed copy on A4 paper (210x297 mm), single spaced, ready for scanning. Heading styles as in the Bulletin. Format for References is flexible. Please refer to the Bulletin for the form appropriate to your article. Scientific Communications should quote the full title and journal name, but Notes and Abstracts may optionally omit titles and show only the abbreviated journal name. British Simuliid Group Bulletin No. 41, July 2014 ------

TheBritishSimuliidGroupBulletin

ISSN: 13633376 DSC Shelfmark 2424 100000n

Editor:JohnB.Davies 57 North Parade, Hoylake, Wirral, CH47 3AL, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

The British Simuliid Group Bulletin is an informal publication intended to disseminate information about the Simuliidae. It is published twice each year and is available free of charge. From July 2011 the Bulletin will be published as a downloadable file on the internet at http:/www.blackfly.org.uk. Printed paper copies will be sent to members on request.

Content covers papers presented at the Group’s Annual Meeting, which is usually held in September, short research notes, notices and accounts of meetings, and articles of anecdotal or general interest that would not normally be found in international journals. Geographical cover is world-wide, and is not restricted to the British Isles. Reports of research carried out by graduates, young scientists and newcomers to the subject are particularly encouraged. It is an ideal medium for offering new ideas and stimulating discussion because of the very short interval between acceptance and publication.

All rights reserved.

The British Simuliid Group Bulletin is issued in simultaneously available identical copies for permanent scientific record and conforms to the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.