'11tT XIII-CR ~'I~'Co 11
•
• 1981 C.~NSUS-PUBLICATION PLAN
(1981 Celtrll> Publicati'JllY, Series 11 in AlII"dl:J Series wIll be publislted in the following Prl,uts)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICA nONS
Part I-A Administration Report-Enumeration
Part I·B Administration Report-Tabulation
Part II·A General Population Tables
Part II·B Primary Census Abstract
Part III General Economic Tables
Part IV Social and Cultural Tables
Part V Migration Tables
Part VI Fertility Tab!es
Part VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population
Part VIII Household Tahles
Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Part X-A Town Directory
Part X-B Survey Report. on selected Towns
Part X-C Survey Reports on selected Villages
Part XI Ethnographic Notes and special studies on :scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Part XII Census Atlas
Paper I -of 1982 Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes and Scheduf ed Tribes
Paper 1 of 1984 Household Population by Religion of Head of Houo;ehold
STATE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
Part XIII-A&B District Census Handbook for each of the 45 districts in the State. (Village and Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract) CONTENTS crto.. ij'~lfT Pages
1 ~'f;r Foreword ;-iv
2 ~'(Cf"fT Preface v-vi
3 f~ ~ if1.f!ll'T Distri(;t Map 4 if~~:Jf~ artCfi~ Important Statistics vii 5 fat1lilrq1Jf'f~ifi {?;cqvr"t Analytical Note xxi-xxxiv ~Cififi RCtJurT : ar2;~m iiIlfff ait~ ar.t~a Notes & Explanations; List of Scheduled Gf"f"TTrn- Ofil' ~T. ( ~w)F1;r ), mlfi 1 976; Castes and Scheduled Tribes Order ~T iif'l'lTur;;T 9;ila-IfiT !fiT ~fuijJ~ ar1~ ~~ I (Amendment) Act, 1976. History and fcrrir~UfT~;rifi fc~ Scope of District Censuli Handbook, Analytkal Note
Tahsil Maps
Section I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY 1-100
( 1) ~~f'!«R ~TlIl Ifi"t ~"t Alphabetical list of Villages (i) ~lfT o~~ 3-7 (ii) ~~~ o~«')~ g'-Il (i) Berasia Tahsil 12-16 ( ii ) H uzur Tahsil 16-19
( 2 ) Vllf fijiflrCfiT it 'a"rnfm f'fo~ ~ "CfiT&''' ifi Notes Explaining the "Codes" used 2) -23 ij'qa- it futqvfl in the Village Directory. (3) ~mfrri~T Village Directory (i) i\"l:f~ (i), Berasia Tahsil 24-55 (ii) ~arl: (ii) Huzur Tahsil 56-79
(4) q'f~f~.e l-U&lfUJIfi, f:r.rf:r.c~T 0:1 ar.:::r Appendix I-Tahsilwise Abstract 80-83 ~f.nlT3iT if.T ;:;~~qf"{ ijH of Educational, Medical and other amenities (S) 'iR:fW'iC 2-~t·;r;r{q'rm;r.T ~"f (Gf;rqurrrr ifq~) Appendix II -Land utilisation data 84 it 'If'!" :otflftq ij'~uT artifi~ in respect of Non Municipal Towns (Census Towns) . ~ «ElI'T Pages
( 6 ) trf-mr~ 3-lfT~T 'fiT oQ:ml:fCfR ~ :.;reT Appendix III--Tahsilwise list of 85~87 wmor'fi, f:qfCfi('ij'T, 6Titi Cf oT~ Villages where no ifT~rr\IQTc ifi ~if ~j f~ifT ifi Educational, Medical, 'IN, «'CfT~ CI''fT ~~T 0fiT Post & Telegraph, arT'fo 'fiT Wqrm ra-q-\i&a" if@ ~ Day or· _Days of . Market/Hat, Commu nications and Power supply facilities are available (7) qfuw~ 4~ ijfif~~llT it ~~f'ifo GTTfoli'f Appendix IV-qst of Villages 88-100 I:(7 a w-""~ fififUIIiT Section II-TOWN DIRECTORY 101-122 ( 1 ) ;;q'{ f.rii'fWitiT it ra-trm f~ ~ 'crit6' iii Notes explaining the "Codes" used 102-105 diia-it ~ in the Town Directory ( 2 ) ~1IJ -1 srft:'fftr I:(( 7 ) fcrCf~-5 f;irAioo I wretiti I ~;;)~Gf;; 't!;ff Statement V-Medical, Educational, 118-119 m~ffffiti ~mi. I 979 Recreutional and CuI.. tural Facilities, 1979 (8 ) fqcr~-6 &lITtrT,{, erT~lf, ~V)r ai'" Statement VI-Trade, Commerce, 120-121 ifCfill', 1979 Industry and Banking, 1979
trftf?lT~-if1T~T it ifTfP'I~ i~ t Appendix-Towns Showing their I!JT~ ~if«;,gtlT Outgrowths with population (i)
\jP'f~orilT ij'lToil iHU 'U\ilf ij'~'U iJi) aiR ~ ij''lif.mr f~VTlfT ~l('T ~ fifi'lI'fc:- 'ti'''If fcrffllSc ~f.ra'r ~1' ~T~ it ~. f.il'\IIT i1I'il~T ,!~;riT \jfi'fUQ)'rrT iii) Q:iJi ~~ ~ \IIig' rr ~T ~ ff) f~~ \11' f rr;ricoll lX. iI' it :aT, ~ a) :a'~Cfi1' ~1' '11' Gf~l~ , 'flit fi'iif~'f.T ~ tlilt:Jl ifi) ~: f~rrrl 31')'( 3I"O!aaTillf;'ffT31l ifiT -rn:-ifn: arT~itim EIlo'T ~lfR iifi'tij' ~JI'lf ~TJJ1'ur Ift'~ it ~~iQ' ~f(f artof~op ~ I ar~ -mrr it; ij'T'f-ar'f ~~ p~ij"CfiT cr.T ~l:l)q fifcri:q;:r ~f"Q'TarT, fcrirsr'lil: ~fcraTarT 3lh 'J:fJl' :a'tllI'i~ 'li1' fifi~T ~.:;rr ~ qf~ij')q'if, ~'fT~Tlf ~cr~) ~ frrahOJ 8Th ~enlf it; 0fT~ it arl~ 0l(lq''Ii CIltifi ~ ~1 ~ISC! "",i't ij' lIE! 31'TWT Cfi1' lfT~Tt:t il'rrf.\" it '1"1 fOfilfT \iJHTT t I lf~ ,!f~~OfiT f~~T ;sm")' ~ f.I; ,a~ t:(T~~~a"{TlI' trl~ifT 1' ~~;::rrt~iliaT 'Ii) '1'1' 6lf'rif' iff~~lfl if; ~T~ t ft;r~ !tiJ1i~ ~l('R ","{it it ij'E!lfm it ~~r I'IlIT ~ I mil'l it fif~1' Cf>1' ar~fu t a:r(1TcrT 0fT1fi1' ~IlT I ~ij'1 -mr !ti) tlfTif it "(Ii~ g~ ilTlJ'f~Cfi arR ar;:zr 'J!f\ll'iQ' «'1'T ~fcra-T31T ifi) trr~ fif{rWiil it ~«~~~ iii; «T¥{ ~f.rerTarT t iff{ ij fcrcr~'Q)' IV it ~fiffl Gf'TfirqT at''R ( ii) ar~f.;;rer \ifif;;nfulJT ~ ~Gj'fmr ifil~lf ar"r~ ~1Il-V it fccqvt) ~) 'l'f ~ f~aii' fcrf'i[o;}' ~ifge at~lJj ij'n:l!ft;ffi ~ I '~if~'li ~fT 'fi~ 'tiT ~qft cr.) ~'tTT flT<11'T \ifThe district census handbook series was initiated during the 1951 Census. It contained important r.enEUS tables and peA for each village and town of the district. During 1961 Census,the scope of the DCR was enlarged and it contained a descriptive a:count of the district, administrative statistics. census tables, "iliage and town directory, including peA. The 1971 DCH s~ries was planned in three part'). Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statisti.;s, district census tables and certain analytical tables based on peA and amenity data in respect of villages. However, in some states it was confined to district census tables and in a few cases altoge ther given up due to delay in compilation and printing
While designing the fonnat of 1981 DCH series some new features along with the restructuring of the formats of village and town directory have been attempted. 'At the same time, comparability with the 1971 data has also been kept in view. All the amenities except power supply in the village have been brought together in the village directory with the instruction that in case an amenity is not available in the referrent village the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place where the amenity is available may be given. The restructuring of the format of the village directory and incorporating more exhaustive data on infrastructure aspect particularly in relation to amenities and land-use pattern is' expected to further meet the need of micro L vel planning for rural aJ eas. It i~ l-xpected to belp not only in local area planning but regulating the provi sion of goods and services as well so as to minimise the regional imbalances in the process of development. A few new items ot' i::formatlon have also been introduced to meet some of the requirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of information as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres, and community health workers in the village have been introduced in the village direclory with this objectives in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villagcs in the (hstrkt which a[~ inaccessible. A new column, "total populatioQ and number of households" has been introJuced to examine the correlatIOn of the amenities witH the population and number of houscholds they servfo:. Addition of two more appendices li~ting the villages where no amenities are avaUable and according to the proportion of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes popul.:ition 10 the total popUlation has also been made with this view in mind.
The formats of the town directory have also been modified to meet the requirements of ~hc Minimum Needs Programme by providing information on a few new items. A new statement on civic and other ameni ties in slums in Class-! aJ d Class II towns (~t"tement IV·A) has heen introduced with this Objective in mind_ It is expected that this wLI help the planners to chalk out programmes on provision of civic amenities for the improvement of slums. The columns on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population in statement IV relatLlg to civic !lad other amenities and adult litcracy cIasse~/l,;cntles under educational facilities in statement (iv) are also added inter·alia with tnis view. A significant addition is class of town in all the seven statements of the town directory. The infrastructure of amenities in urban areas of the country can be best analysed by taking the class of towns into consideration. 1he addition of the columns on civic administration status and population in a few statements also ~erves this purpose.
The format of the primary census abstract for the villages and towns has been formulated in the light of changes in the economic and other questiom; canvassed through the individual slip of 1981 census.
Tn order to avoid delay in publication of 1981 DCH series it has been so designed that Part· A of the volume contains village and town directory and Part-B the peA of villages and towns including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes PCA upto' T~hsil/Town level'!. At the beginning of the DCH a detailed analytical note supported by a number of ir set tables based on peA and non-censuS data in rtlatio.l to the infrastructure has been introduced to enhance its value. The district and tahsii/police station/C D Block etc., level maps depicting the boundaries and other important feature~ have been inserted ht approprhlte places, to further enhance the value of the publication:
This publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected and compiled in the State under the direction of Shri K.C. Dubey, the Director of Census Operations, Madhya Pradef,h on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and coordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N. G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) of my office. Dr. B.K. Roy. Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of the maps. Data received fror.. Cenlus Directqrate'!l have been scrutinised in the Social Studies Division at the headquarters under the guidance of Shri M.M. Dua, Senior Research Officer. I am thankful to all who have co~tributed in the project.
P. PADMANABHA REGISTRAR GBNERAL, IND~A New Delhi the 26th April, 1982 (v)
PREFACE
One of the most important publications of the Census are the nlstrict Census Handbooks. This publication was begun in this caption since 1951 Census. But prior to this, a similar publication was released in the Census earlier than 1951. That publication was on the title of Village Statistics and it contains only village names and totai population thereof. The 1951 Census could, therefore, be said to represent a significant step in the ·process of making detailed Census statistics available down upto the village level.
In fact the District Census Handbook is the most important publication at the Census and is also perhaps the most widely used. Also perhaps this is the only publication used at the micro-level down upto the tahsil and development block.
The form of the District Census Handbook has gone considerable change since 1951. This is basically due to the growing demand for more information. For the purpose of convenience as well as with . a view of making the basic statistics available with the data users as early as possible, the District Census Handbooks have been split into 2 parts. Part A contains the Introductory Note on the district and Townl Village Directory. This volume wm be found useful to get almo:,t all the non-Census statistics available at one place. Part-B also contains an introductory nnte and the Primary Census Abstract.
One of the innovation of the present Census has been in terms of allotment of Location Code numbers to the villages. In the earlier Censuses the Location Code system was such that the villages of a Patwari Circle were found at different serial numbers. Since the Patwari Circle still remains an important administrative unit, the Location Code numbers have been so given in the present Census that it may be possible to locate all the villages of a particular Patwari Circle at one place one below the other.
When the planning for the present Census was started in 1979 the tahsils were still revivable as an important unit of the administration, the whole planning was, thererore. done taking tahsil as the unit. It was during the course of the Census that some requests were informally received 'fOr'makingblockwise data available. Since these requests were received very late and were also received only in an informal manner, it has not been possible to disturb the original planning of villages arranged according to the location code numbers taking tahsil a3 one unit. However, additional exercise has been done and in addition to the tahsil figures blockwise figures have also been indicated. It is hoped .that the availability of these blockwise data wi1I enhance the utility of this publication.
It is hoped that this handbook will provide the basic statistical support to executive and develop. mental administration. It is needless to state that the proper implementation of policy depends on the ability ot the administration authorities concerned.
It may be remembered that the villagewise area figures given in the Primary Census Abstract and the Village Directory are those besed on the village papers while the tahsil totals given in the PCA are obtained from the L:lDd Records department which in many cases exclude forest areas. (vi)
The statistics that are contained in the District Census Handbooks are the result of a massive and marathon exerche in the compilation and tabulation of voluminous statistics. The compilation of the statistics contained in this volume was carried out by 9 Regional Tabulation Offices each under a Regional Deputy Director of Census Operations. These Regional offices were run with the heip of purely temporary staff·roughly about 1,500 Tabulators, about 250 Checkers and about 80 Supervisors. I am grateful to my colleagues the Regional Deputy Directors and those temporary staff for the speed and accuracy in the editing and basic compilation of more than nearly 522 lakhs slips and nearly 1 lakh of household schedules. The compilation of village Directory was taken up at the Headquarters and I am equally grateful to the officers and staff who have worked whole heartedly on the job in a collective and co-operative venture. It ,is not possible nor fair to name in this. The maps contained in the Handbook have been prepared in the Car,tographic Section of my office. However, the analytical note included in this volume has been prepared by Shri M L. Sharma, Deputy Direct,or of Census Operations.
I am thankful to all who have contributed to bring this pUblication possible. The Census Organi sation is also graleful to the Government of Madhya Pradesh for having been so kind as to undeltake the publication of these handbooks and to the Controller, Printing and Stationery, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal and his staff for the printing arrangements made. The inspiration behind this a'llbitious venture IS that of our indefatigable Registrar General, Shri P. Padmanabha, to whom we are all deeply grateful. Our thanks are also due to Shri N.G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) for all the help that we received from him and his section.
K. C. DUBEY Director of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal Janmashtami 31, Aug. 1983. IS'
D / S l' -9 / C,..
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4S' 78 o~
® Gon OF INOlA COPYlilIGNT, I.... (vii)
IMPORTANT STATISTICS MADHYA PRADESH Bhopal District Population Total Persons 52,178,844, 894,739 Males 26,886,305 477,531 Females 25,292,539 417,108 Rural Persons 41,592,385 212,886 Males 21,266,321 112,883 Females 20,326,064 100,003 Urban Persons 10,586,459 681,853 Males 5,619,984 364,648 Females 4,966,475 317,205 Decennial Population Growth Rate 1971-81 25.27 56.38 Area (Sq. Kms.) 443,446.04 2,772.0 Density of Population (Per Sq. Km.) 118 323 Sex-Ratio (Number of Females per,lOOO males) 941 874 Literacy rate Persons 27.87 47.03 Males 39.49 55.46 Females 15.53 37.38 ,Perce:ltage of urban population to total population 20.29 Percentage to total populati04 ( i) Main Workers Persons 38.41 30.44 Males 53.52 48.84 Females 22.35 9.37 ( ii) Marginal Workers Perso.1s 4.52 1.46 Males 0.96 0.47 Females 8.30 2.60 ( iii) Non-Workers Persons 57.07 68.10 Males 45.52 50.69 Females 69.35 88.03 Break-up of Main Workers: (percentage among main workers) ( i) Cultivators Persons 51.96 17.17 Males 53.81 17.41 Females 47.28 15.75 ( ii) Agricultural Labourers Persons 24.24 10.71 Males 17.81 8.14 Females 40.61 26.04 ( iii) Household Industry '''ersons 3.52 4.13 MaJes 3.36 3.91 Females 3.93 5.41 ( iv) Other Workers Persons 20.28 67.99 Males 25.02 70.54 Females 8.18 52.80 P~rcentage of Scheduled Castes Persons 14.10 12.60 population to total population Males 14.16 12.57 Females 14.04 12.64 Percentage of Schdeuled Tribes Persons 22.97 2.31 population to total population Males 22.33 2.32 Females 23.66 2.30 Number of occupied residential houses 8,929,190 157,332 Number of villages Total 76,603 542 Inhabited 71,429 * 503 Uninhabited 5,174*· 39 Number of Towns 327 2 * Includes 77 inhabited villages which have been treated wholly as urban outgrowth of near by City/Town. "'* Includes 58 Uninhabited villages of which Abadi Area have been merged i~ near by City/Town.
fcr,~qvrltqifi fa-tq'IJf) ANALYTICAL NOTE
('Xi)
NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS
This note lives the meanings and explanation ( iii ) A density of population of at least or terms and concepts used in this handbook. This 400 per sq. km. (I,OOO per sq. mile). is neccsllary because, without a proper grasp of the meanings of such Bimple concepts as buiJding, house, The same criteria is retained at the 1981 Census household, worker etc., it is not possible to appre a 'so ~o that comparability with the previous Census ciate the data presented in the handbook. Thus, could be e'n§ured and which should provide basis for one who does not know that an unpretentious hut analvsing of figures and urbanization in the country. in the thick of Bastar fores.ts with unplastered bam· But it has to he remem"'ered that the urban criterion boo walls and a thltch rO:'lf and with spl.ce hadly or 1981 varies slightly from that of 1961 and 1971 enough for two cots is not a bit less of a building Cen~llses in that the males working in activities such as fishing. logging. etc. were treated as engaged in .than the Iniian versions of the skyscrapers in one non-agricultural activity and contributed of the metropolitan cities, or that a central jail th.~rerore housing all manners of criminals and shady characters to the 75% criterion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses, is as much a household as the hous 'hold of the most whetea.s in the 1981 Census these activities are trea pious and god.fearing citizen in the State. may not ted as on par with cultiv~tion and agricultural labour be able to appreciate what exactly the figures for the purpose of this criterion. repre!ent. Applying the criteria described above, a list of Concepts aad Deftaitioa. 327 towns was ftnalis'd and it is these 327 towns which are treated as urban areas for the purpose of 1981 RllnJ/Urbaa : Census. The Additional Secretary to the Govern ment of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs sent It has been the t~dition of the Indian Census a letter to the Chief Secretaries or,the State Govern to present the Census data for rural and urban areas ments as back as 10th May, 1979, requestin~ them separately. In fact, in all the Cenlluses throughout to ensure that rio changes are made in the jurisdic the world this classification of census data into rural \ion an4 boundaries of municipalities and revenue and urban uDits is generally recognised. How~ver. villages, tahsils, sub·divisions and districts during the distinction between rural and urban is not yet amen period from 1·1-1980 to 306·1981. However;.. able to a single definition which would be applicable subsequent to our finillisalion of rural and urban to all countries. frame the State Government in the Local Govern ment Departmem notified many places as notiried The definition or an urban unit at the 1971 areas and municipalities. Such places have not been Census was as follows :- treated as towns for the purpoSe of Census and the (a) All places with a municipalitv, corporation. Secr~tary to Government in the Local Government cantonment board or notified town area; Department had agreed to this arrangements. Simi larly the State Government raised the status of 6 (b) All other places which satisfied the f"llow municipal committee'S to. lhat of municipal corpora· ing criteria; tions. These m w municipal corporations are also ( i) A minimum population of 5,000; treated as municipal committees.
( ii) At least 75 per 'cent of male working While dealing with. (he subject or rural and p~pulation engaged in non·agricul urban break up mention OUlY be made of the area tural punuits ; a.nd" under the Special Area DeveloPnient Authority. The (xii)
Special Area Development Authority have been cons St.. old U,Na Area : tituted under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tath l Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam. 1973 and they enjoy the power A new concept of Standard Urban Area intro to function as a municipality so far as the municipal du::ed in 1971 Census will also be followed for the management of that area is concerned. Th..: limits of 1981 Census. The ess~ntial requirements for the tbele Special Areas include large pordons of rural constitution of a Standard Urban Area are:- areas comprising number of villa~es situated around the core town or village of such Special Area. For ( j) it should have a core town of a minimum example, Orchha is a SADA ar~a in Tiic:amgarh poputuion of 50,000 (ii) the contiguous areas district but there is no town in this area. Similarly. made up ot' other urban as well as rural administra MaJanjkhand in Balaghat district, Bhedaghat in tive units should have mutual·socio-economic links Jabalpur district, Mandav in Dhar district and simi with the core town and (iii) in all probability lar other cases are SADA areas but there is no urban this entire area should get fully urbanised in a period area within that. The objective of the SADA area of two or three decades. Certain Standard Urban perhaps is to control the future development of these Areas were determined on this basis in 1971 and in a planned manner and that is all. It was therefore, some basic data were presented tor 1951, 1961 and not considered desirable to treat suchlSADA areas at 1971 for such areas and their componentS. Similar par wilh other urban bodies like municipal c,)rporati data have been presented for the Standard Urban ons, municipal committees etc, and only that parr of Areas ;n 1981 also. Tbe idea is to present b'isic it is treated as urban which is really so. As such in data for these Areas for four to five decades so that the Korba SA.DA area only Korba town has been the urbanist-tion process in these areas can be studied. treated as urban and rest of the area r ;mains in tbe However, there have been minimum changes in rural frame. the constituent unib or the Standard Urban Areas of 1931 Census as compared to those of 1971, but Urban Agelomeration : the list of Standard Urban Areas remains unchanged.
Apart from town/city the 1971 ~oncept of urban Size Class of Towns: agg1omeralion is also adopted for the 1981 Census. Very often large railway colonies. university campuses The urban areas are classified into 6 classes port areas, military campi, etc. come up outside the referred to as towns of Class I to VI. The classi statutory limits of the city or town but adjoining it. fication is shown below :- Such areas may not by themselves qualify to be treated as towns but it' they form a contiguous spread Class I 100,000 and above with the town, they are outgrowths of the town and Class II 50,000 to 99,999 deserve to be treated as urban. Such towns together Class III 20.000 to 49,999 with their outgrowths have been frc-aled as one urban Class IV 10,000 to 19,999 unit and called 'urban agglomer'ltion'. An urban Class V 5,000 to 9,999 agglo.neration may constitute :- Class VI Less than 5,000 (I) A city with continuous ollt~ruwth, (the part ot' outgrowth being outside the statutory It i<; customary to treat a town having a popu limits but failing within lhe boundaries of lation or 1 lac and above as a city. the adjoining village or villages); Census House : (b) One town with similar outgrowths or two or more adjoining towns with their outarowths A Census House is a building or part of a build as in (a); or ing having a separate main entrance from th~ road or common courtyard or staircase. etc, used or recogn Cc) A city an j one or more adjoining towns ised as a separa~e unit. It me,. be oQCupl,d or vacant. with their outgrowth; all of which from a It may be used for a resjdential . or fOn~residential continuous spread. purpo ~ or both. . . {xiii)
If a building had a number of flats or blocks to 'Institutional household' or 'Houseless household'. which were independent of one another having separ For institutional 'I; was written against the question ate entrances of their own from the road or a "Type of household" and '0' was indicated in the common staircase or a common courtyard leading to case of houseleu household. For normal household, a main gate, they have been considered as a separate no entry was required to be made. census houses. The enumeration of institutional householQs was In some cases, however, it was difficult to apply done in the manner the normal households were the defiJlition strictly. For example, in an urban area, enumerated during the enumeration period from 9th a flat has five rooms, each having direct entrance tG February to 28th February, 1981. The houseless the common stairc'ase or courtyard which by defini households were enumerated on the night of 28th tiOD, had to be treated a:i five Census houses. If all February, 1981. these five rooms were found occupied by single house Scheduled Castes aDd Scheduled Tribes: hold entire flat was treated as one censu~ house. In such cases singleness of use was taken into considera Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are those tion to avoid undue proliferation (If the number of found in the Notification of Scheduled Castesl census houses. Scheduled Tribes Order (Amendment) Act, 1976 (108 of 1976). By this amendment. area restrictions An occupied residential census house means a for most of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled census house which is actually used for residential Tribes have been removed. However, the area restric purposes, either wholly or partly by one or more households. tions still remains in respect of Dhobi (in Bhopal. Raisen and Sehore districts): Kutwal and Pardhi (in Household: Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna, Gwalior, Indore. Jhabua, Khargone, Mandsaur, Morena, Rajgarh. Ratlam, The term household in census is defined as a Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain and Vidisha Districts) and group of persons who commonly live together and KUmhar (in Chbatarpur, Dalia, Panna, Rewa, Satna would take their meals from a common kitchen unless Shahdol, Sidhi and Tikamgarh districts) Scbeduled the exigencies of work prevented e.ny one of them Castes. Likewise Keer and Pardhi Scheduled Tribes from doing so. There may be a huusehold of persons are still restricted only in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore related by blood or a household of unrelated persons districts; Mina In Sironj sub· division of Vidishll or having a mix of both. Examples of unrelated house . district; Panika in Chhatarpur, Dalia, Panna, Rewa, holds are boarding houses, messess, hostels, residen Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi and Tikamgarh districts, Pardhi, tial hotels, rescue homes, jails, ashrams etc. These are Bahelia, BaheIIia. Chita Pardhi, Langoli Pardhi, called Institutional households. There may be one Phanse Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia in [(I) Bastar, member households, two member households or multi Chhindwara, Mandla, Raigarh, Seoni and Surguja member households. For census purposes, each one distr;cls, (2) Baihar lahsil of Ballghat districl, of these types is regarded as a 'household'. (3) Betul and Bhainsdehi tahsils of Betul district. (4) Bilaspur and Katghora tahsils of Bilaspur difotrict, There are three types of households viz, normal, (5) Durg and Balod tahsils of Durg district; institutional and houseless households. A houseless (6) Chowki, Manpur and Mohala Revenue Inspec household is that which is normally found to be resid tors Ci.cles of Rajna~dgaon district, (7) Murwara, ing on the road side, pavements. in hume pipes, i.m(.'er Patan and ,Sihora tahsils of Jabalpur district, staircases, or in open, temple, mandaps, platforms and (8) Hoshangabad and Sobagpur tahsils of Hoshanga the like. Institutional households have been explained bad district aDd Narsimhapur district (9) Harsud above. Those households which do not fall ill the: tahsil of Khandwa district, (10) Bindra-Nawagarh, category of institutional household and houseless Dhamtari and Mahasamund tahsils of Raipur district.l household have been categorised as normal house bolds, The enumerator was required to indicate in the Persons belonging to the castes/tribes meDtlOneu Household Schedule whether the household belonged above found in the districts other than those where (xiv)
scheduled have not been treated as scheduled castes 148 Yes-Any, other work any time last year '( Yes (C/AL/HHI/OW)/No or scheduled tribes as the case may be. It may be Q. 15B 14B No-Work done any time last year? mentioned here that scheduled castes can be belong (CfAL/Hr11/0W) to the Hindu or the Sikh religion only, while the scheduled tribes belong. to any religion. The list of (iii) Q. 16-If no in 14A or 14B, seekir.gjavailable for Scheduled Castes and Sch.:duled Tribes relating to work? Yes (l)fNo(2) Madhya Pradesh relevant to 1981 Census halo been The, above questions were formulated after given immediately after this note as Annexure-I detailed discussion at the Data User's Conference and Literates and Educated Persons technical group. At the 1961 and· 1971 Censuses, the economic questions were based on different appro A person who can both read 'lnd write with ach.:s, namely, usual status and current status, were understanding in any language is treated as literate. adopted with reference period of one year and one A per30n who can merely read but cannot write, is week for seasonal and for regular work rel!Pectively. not literate. It is not necessary that a person who is CUirent status approach was thought to be Irrelevant literate should have received any formal educatbn in the context of our country where usual status of a or should have passed and minimum educational worker is considered to be more appropriate •. standard. The above questions are in three parts and have . The test for literacy was necessary only when the been designed in such a way tbat fust, of all it atte enumerator had any doubt about any person returning mpts to divide the population into tWO broad groups as 'literate'. The test for literacy was ability to read viz., any portion of the Enumerator's Instruction Booklet (I) those who have. worked at aU and to write a simple letter. Ability merely to !lign during the last year, and (2) th06e whb have not one's name was not considered adequate to qualify a worked at all. person as being able to write with understanding. If a person claimed to be literate in some other language 'J he latter group consists of the non-workers. with which the enumerator was not familiar, the This information is obtained in Q., .14A Having respondent's word was taken as correct. classified the population into' 'two . groups, the next attempt h .. s been to clas~ify those who have All children of the age of 4 years or less were worked any time into Main workers and Marginal treated as illiterate eveD if they might be going to· workels, on the babis of time ,spent 01.1 ~ork as well school and had picked up reading arid writing a few as secondary work, if any. oftbe Main w.orkers. It words. a Pl rson had workc but have not worked for a major part of the year. Definit.on of work: . For example, if a person who is mostly doing house Work has been defined as participation in any hold duties, or is mainly a student, or mainly a economically productive activity. Such participation depend en t or a rentier or a beggar and the like who may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves is basically a non-worker had done some work at not only actual work but also effective supehision some time during the reference period, he was treated and direction of work. as a marginal worker. For persons on regular employment or engaged NOD-Workers : in regular type of work, temporary absence during the reference period on account of illness, holiday, Non-workers constitute of householders. students, temporary closure, strike etc., was not a disqualifica dependents, retired persons or rentiers, beggars, tion for treating them as workers. in~l\tes of institutions, unemployed persons etc. They are pers!)ns who have not worked any time at all in Persons under training, sucb as apprentices, with the year preceeding the enumention. or without stipends or wages were also treated as workers. In the case of a person wbo bad been Maio activity of workers : offered wJrk but had not actuaHy joined, be was not treated as a worker. Reilt receivers, pensioners etc •• The main activity of workers has been classified were not treated as economically active unless they into four cat
C)wned or held from Government or held fro.n private li"es in urban areas. The larger proportion of persons or institutions for payn.ent in money, kind workers in a household industry should consist of or share. members of the household including the head. The industry should not· be run on the scale of registered Culdvation involves ploughing. sowing and factory which would qualify Qr has to be registered harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops under the Indian Factories Act, such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, etc., and other crops such as sugarcane, groundnuts. tapioca, Household industry relates to production, etc. an.! pulses, raw jute and kindered fibra crop, processing. servicing. rcpairing or making and selling cotton etc., and 'does not' include fruit growing, (but not merely selling) of goods such as handloom vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves or weaving, dyeing. carpentry, bldi ro1ling, pottery working of plantation like tea. coffee, rubber, manufacture, bicycle repairing, blacksmithing, tailo cinchona, opium and other medicinal plantations. ring etc. n does not include professiotis such as a pleadcr or doctor or bal ber or dhobi even if such , Agricultural Labourer : professions are run at home by members of the household, Person working in another person's land for wages in money. kind or share bas been treated as Other Workers : agricultuial labourer. An agriculiJral labourer has no risle in the cultivation and I.e has no right of All workers i.e. those who have been engaged lease or contract on land on which he works. in some economic activity durir.g the last one year, who are not cultivators or agricultural labourers or Household Industry : in household industry are 'Other workers'. The type of workers, that come under this category include Household Industty is defined as an industry factory workers, plantation workers, those in trade, conducted by the head of the household himself/her commerce, business, transport, mining, construction, self and or by the members of the households at pQlitical or social work. all government servants, home or within the village in rural areas and only municipal employees, teachers, priests, elltertainment within the pr~cincts of the house where the household artists etc. (xvii)
ANNEXURE I
MADHYA PRADESH
[ The Schedule:! Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act. 1976. ]
Dated the 18th September, 1976.
Scbeduled Castes : 35 Kumhar (in Chhatarpur~ Datia, Panna, Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi, and Tikamgarb districts). AudheJia 3{; Mahar, Mehra, Mehar Bagri, Bagd. 2 37 Mang, Mang Garodi, Mang Garudi, Dankhni 3 Bahna, Bahana Mang, Mang Mahasi, Madari, Garudi, Radhe 4 Balahi, Balai Mang 5 Banchada 38 Meghwal 6 Bargunda 39 Moghia 7 Barahar, Basod 40 Muskban 8 Basor. Burud, Bansor, Bansodi, Bansphor, Basar 41 Nat, Kalbelia, Sapera, Navdigar. Kubutar 9 Bedia 42 Pardhi (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna, Gwalior. 10 Beldar, Sunkar Indore, Jhabua, Khargone, Malldsaur. Morena, II Bhan~, Mehtar, Balmik, Lalbegi, Dharkar Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain 12 Bhanumati and Vidisha Districts). 13 Chadar 43 Pasi 14 Chamar, Chamari, B~irwa, Bhambi, Jatav. 44 Rujjhiir Mochi, Regar, Nona, Rohidas, Ramnami, 45 Sansi, Sansia Satnami, Surjyabanshi, Surjyaramnami, Ahirwar. 46 Silawa~ Chamar Mangan, Raidas 47 Zamral 15 Chidar 16 Chikwa, Chikvi Scbeduled Tribes : 17 Chitar 18 Dahait, Dahayat, Dahat 1 Agariya 19 Dewar 2 Andlt 20 Dhanuk 3 Baiga 21 Dhed, Dher 4 Bhaina 22 Dhobi (in Bhopal. Raisen and Sehore districts) 5 Bharia Bhumia, Bhiunhar Bhumia, Bhumiya, 23 Dohor Bharia, Paliha, Pando 24 Dom, Dumar, Dome. Domar, Doris 6 Bhattra 25 Ganda, Gandi 7 Bhi!. Bhilala. Barela, PateHa 26 Ghasi, Ghasia 8 Bhil Mina 27 Holiya 9 Bhunia 28 Kanjar 10 . Biar. Biyar 29 Katia, Patharia 11 Binjhwar 30 Khatik 12 Birhul, Birhor 31 Koli, Kod 13 Damor, Damaria 32 Kotwal (in Bhind, Dbar, Dewas, Guna, Gwalior, 14 Dhanwar Indore, Jhabua, Khargone. Mandsaur, Morena, 15 Gadaba. Gadba Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain. 16 Gond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, Asur, Badi Maria. and Vidisha districts). Bada Maria, BhatoIa, Bhimma, Bhuta, KoiIa 33 Kbangar, Kanera, Mirdha bhuta. Koliabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria. 34 Kuchbandhia Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, DhufWa, (xviii)
Dhoba Dhulia, DorIa, Gaikl, Gatta, Gatti, 35 Oraon. Dhanka, Dhangad Gatia. Gond Gowari. Hill Maria, Kandra, 36 Panika (in Chhatarpur, Datia. Panna, Rewa. Kalanga, Khatola. Koitur, Koya, Khirwar, Satna, Shahdol, :)iJhi and Tikamgarh districts) Khirwara. Kucha Mafia, Kuchaki Maria. Madia, 37 Pao Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Mogbya, Mogia, 38 Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti Monghya. Mudia, Muria Na"ilrchi, Naewanshi, 39 Pardhi (in 8hopClI, Raisen and Sebore Districts). Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari, Jhareka, Thatia. Tholya, 40 Pardhi, Bahelia. Bahellia. Chita Pardhi, LangoJi Wade Maria, Vade Maria, Darai. Pardhi, Phanse Pardhi, Shikari, TaJcankar. Takia 17 Halha, Halbi [in (1) Bastar. Chhindwara, Mandla, Raigarh. ]8 Kamar 8.:oni and 8urguja dil.tricts, .2) Saihar tah~il of 19 Karku Balaghat district, 1.3) Betul and Bha;nsdehi 20 Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur. Cherwa, Rathia, Tanwar, tabsils of Betul c'i~trict. (4) Bilaspur and Chuttri Katghora tahsils of BiI!spur district. (5) DUTg 21 Keer (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts) and Balod tahsils of Durg district. (6) Chowki. 22 Khairwar, Kandar Manpur and Mohla Revenue InspeclOr's Circles 23 Kharia of Rajnandgaon district, (7) Murwara, Patan 24 Kondh, Khond, Kandh and Sihora tah:ils of· Jabalpur distr,ct. 25 Kol (8) Hosh~ngabad and Sohagpur tahsi.s of 26 Kolam Hoshangabad district and Narsimhapur district, 27 Korku, Bopchi, MouaaL Nihal. Nahul, Bondhi, (9) Harsud tahsil of Khandwa district, Bondeya (10) Bin Jra-NawVidisha district) 44 Saur 33 Munda 4S Sawar, Sawarq 34 l"ugesia, Nagasia 46 So or (xix)
. HISTORY AND SCOPE 01; DISTRICT C}:NSUS HANDBOOK
The History of th.! District Census Handbook In 1981 Census, with a view to avoid d.elay in could be t 'aced from the 'Village lists' brought out bringing out the DCH series, the Dart containing fM every district in 190 I and 'Village Statistics' for the administrative statistics has been dropped. Thus every district in 1911. But this was dis;:ontinued in the preoent series of District Census Handbook 1921 anti 1931. In 1941, however, 'village statistics' consists of t.yO volumes viz DCHB Part A and were brought out by the then Central Province~ and DCH B Part B. Part A contains the village/Town Berar Government. It was for the first time in 1951 Directory and Part B COi!t'dins the Town/VilJagewise the practice of bringing out a single volume known Primary Census Abstract of the concerned district. as the District Cen,us Handbook, giving villagewise statistics and other census tables for the district at Part A-Village Directory contains inf~rmation the cost of rhe State Government was initiated and is about the name of village, total area of village, total continuing since then. population and number ot househOlds in the village, amenities like education, medical, drinking water, The District Census Handbook, compiled by the post and telegraphs, market .day, communications Census Organisation of behalf of the State Govern approach to village, distance fCOOl the nearest town' ment is one of the most important pUblicati .·n of power supply, staple food, land use, places of reli~ lII thd census and is widely used by planners, adminis giou.. , historical and archaeological interest etc. trators, ac,ldemicians and researchers. In addition there are four appendices to the Village Directory as under :_ The scope of the District Census Handbook has (1) gone considerable change since 1951. In 1951 the Tahsilwise abstract of educational, medical and District Census Hondbooks contained only the other amenities. Primary Census Abstracl and the Census tables. (2) Land utilization data in respect of censu3 In view of the usefulness of this publication. improve towns. ments were made in 1961 by including non-census (3) Tahsilwise Jist of vilJages where no amenities are dab like climate, agriculture, co-operation. industry, available, and education, health etc .• as also an 'Introductory Note' (4) Tahsilwise list of villages according to the for each district. Unfortunately, the desire to make proportion of Scheduled Castes / Scheduled the District Census Handbook more comprehensive Tribes population by ranges. delayed its pUblication. Therefore in 1971, it was decided to publish the District Census Handbook The last two appendices have been included for in three parts in order to the maximum data rele~se the first time in 1981 Census. Appendix-III will be as and when fina lised. Part A contained the Village helpful for planning input in areas/villages where Dire-:tory which gives villagewise non-census statistics basic infrastructure is lacking and Appendix. IV of land use area and amenities 'available within the will be helpfull for planning welfare programmes for viIlage, Part B contained the Villagewise Primary Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes at micro level Census Abstract and Part C contained various particularly in relation to area development orient-• administrative statisllCs. Parts A and B were however, ation programmes. published in .one volume since it was economical to do so as data for both the parts become available Similarly the Town Directory contains sev.!n early. Parts A and B were published separately in statements as below :- Hindi and English versions. Collection of data for Part C was cumbursome and it took unduly long Statement I-Status and growth history. time in its finalisation, and ultimately this publication Statement II-Physical aspects and loca~ion of' had to be abondoned in view of the enormous delay towns. in its printing. Statement III- Municipal Finance. (xx)
Statement IV -Civic and otheramenities. lation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Sta~ement V-Medical, educational, recreatio literacy and population by sex into four broad nal and cultural facilities. industrial categories viz., cultivators. agricultural Statement VI-Trade, Commerce, Industry and labourers, household industry and other workers; Banking. marginal workers and non-workers.
An additional shtement IV· A is meant only for The inclusion of Primary Census Abstract rela Class-I and Class-II towns giving the civic and other ting to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ameni-ties in notified slums. This statemnet has at the tahsil/town level is another important feature teen intruduced for the tirst time in 1981 census. of the DCHB series of 1981 Census.
Part B - The town/villagewise Primary Census An appendix containing Development Blockwise Abstract gives the basic data like area of the village, 'Vikash Khandwar' totals of peA figures has also occupied residential houses, total number of house been included. holds, population by sex, as also the sexwise popu- ANALYTICAL NOTE
Bhopal is a new district carved out of the erst Tal into a lake and founded near it the city orBhoj~ while Sehore district of Bhopal division under the M. pur now in ruins." P.. Govl. Notification No. 2477/1977/~a/m. ~ dated 13th September 1972. The distrkt lies.in the eastern Initially the lake was quite big but as time has edge of Malwa plateau and is situated in the central elapsed, only a small portion of it has remained to be part of the State between latitude 23°05' and 23 0 55' seen as 'Bada Talab' ie the upper lake. Since long northern and longitude 77°10' and 77°39' eastern. The time past there is a famous saying about Bhopal lake. district is bounded by Rajgarh district in the noth west; Guna district in the north; Vidillha district in the north·east; Raisen district in the east and south east and Sehore district in the west and south-west. (only the Bhopal lake is worthy of being called a lake, othcrs are mere ponds.) The district derives its nllme from the district headquarters town Bhopal which is also the capital The district comprises of the tahsils viz. Huzur of Madhya· Pradesh. The etymology of ~e term and Berasia of ,he former Sehore district of 1971 Bhopal has been derived from its former name Bhoj. Census. pal as would be evident from the following extract Physiography: from the Imperaial Gazetteer of Central India, 1908- P,240. The district can be divided into tM) broad regi ons (i) Berasia Sbruby Fores~s and (ii) Bhopal plat "Bhopal is popularly derived from Bhojpal or eau on the basis of the physio-cultural characteristics Bhojas dam, the great dam which now holds up the A brief description of these two regions is as below: Bhopal city lakes, and is said to have been built by a Minister of Raja Bhoj. the Paramara ruler of Dhar, (i) Bera.i. Shruby Forests: the still greater work which formerly held up the Tal The region is situated in the northern part of the lake being attributed to this monarch himself, The name is, however. invariably pronounced, Bhupal and district and co'Vers major part of Berasia tahsil and a Dr. Fleet considers it to be derived simply from Bhu sma)) portion of Huzur tahsil. Thill is on the edge of pa", a king, the popular derivation beiDg an instance Malwa Plateau and therefore a large part of it is uneven. There are strong hill ranges spread over the of the striVing after a meaning 80 common in such cases." tract. The one situated on the northern part in north south derection has an average height of 500 metres. Sir John Malcolm has also made a mention on This range separates the water catchment zones of this in his report of ,. Malwa and adjoining dislrict Parbati river in west and Bean Banjari in the eBSt. P-7" as under: Another hill range with a height of 594 metres ill located in the south·east~rn part of this tract but a Bhopal, we are told derived its namc from its major portion of it falls in the neighbouring district Rajput founder who is said to have been the mini~ter of Raisen. A number of scattered hillocks appear a,. of the cclebrated Raja Bhoj and was built at the same the eaSl of Berasia which forms a zone separating the time that his master formed the present district of water flow direction. The main reserve forest . ranges are Berasia, Climate: Bhopal Ramtek and Sohay"l. Besides, some pockets of protected forests are also located in this tract. The district bas three clearly distinguishable seasons which divide the year into three more or less (ii) Bhopal Plateau: equal.parts. They are the summer season. rainy and winter roughly corresponding to March-May, Junc This region is situated on the southern part of September and November to March. The month the district and covers the major portion of Huzur October, however, witnesses a transition from the tahsil. Lying on the edge of Malwa plateau. maxi rainy to the cold weather. mum and minimum height of the region varies between 631.1 and 472 metres (MSL). Most part of this The district receives rains from the Arabian sea plateau is disected with streams· and thus the surface monsoon which commences. by early June. July and is rugged. The Central part is at a higber altitude anli August are tbe peak raiuy months. The following the tract resembles the shape of a dome. It is the table gives the rainfall data of 10 years average (1951 .60) and those recorded in 1981 in two rain gauges originating place of a number of streams draining in of the district. all directions. Noteable among them are Halali and Bean and Chamari in north Kolana in the west, Kenva and Kaliasot in the south and Ajnar in the Sl. Stations Average annual rainfall (in mm) cast. Sjnce tbese streams originate from tbis area their r------..A. ------~ impact on the topography is not very &ignificant. Average of (1951·60) 1981 The location of Baratal ie Bhopal lak.e is an important t 2 3 4 physical feature of this region. A pocktt of Bhopal teserve forest is located in the southern part of the 1 BeraMa 891.5 617.1 region. 2 Bhopal 1000.8 . 996.9 Flora aDd Fau. : Tbere has been a shortfall in rainfall during the (a) Flora: The area under forellts in the district is year 1981. It appears to be a ·gcmeral feature which 435 sq. km accounting for 15.7 per cent of the tOlal may be atributed to large scale destruction of forests; geographical area. The forests of the district are sou thern tropical Dry-Deciduous with Dry De~iduous The monsoon begins to taper off by September Scrub Forests. Except for small patches of teak for and by October it is almost over· and a noticeable ests, it is mostly the mixed forests. The species of change in weather is obser\'ed. December and JanualY trees found in the forests of the distri:t are; Teak are tbe coldest months. The mercury touches 20 _40 (Tectona grandis). dhaora (Anogeissus-latifolia), Salai when there is a cold wave, but on the whole it is I (Boswelliq Serrata). Saj (Terminalia tomentosa) bijl generally very pleasant. (Pterocarpus marsupium), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Semal (Sa/melfa malabricum). Haldu (Adina cordi By March it begins to· grow warmer and. tbe folia), tendu (Diospyros-melanoxylon), Achar ( Bucha- summer season commences from April. May is the 1II1nia loti/olia) etc. Bomboos are also found in small hottest month when the average mean maltimum and measure in mixed forests. minimum tempartures are 320 C and .19oC respectively. Earlier the nig~ts in summer months (b) FaDDS: used to be not unpleasant but of late a change is noticeable. Once the forest was said to be thick and wild life more plentiful. nUl: to deforestation and indi History: scriminate shootings in the past, the wild life has There is a legend that Bhopal, long ago, was a become scarce. Bigger animals like Tiger (Felis tigna), part of 'Mahakautar' a barrier of dense forests and Pa·nthera, Hyenae etc have become rare. Sambhar, bills outlined by the Narmada separating the north Cheetal, black buck are met with in thick forests. from the south which was traversed by Muni Agasty~ Jackals are fairly common. of revered memory on bis way from. north to $out4. xxiii
Early history of tho territory comprising Bhopal Kalyan Singh was awarded with handsome Jagir district is in oblivion. It was in the truth century, for this mel itorious work. He got one village estab the names of Rajput clans began to appear in Malwa. lished towards east of Bhopal which was named after The most notable was Raja Bhoj (1010-53), who him as Kalyan Kheri. Later on this village popularly was both a great scholar and a great warrior. West bC'came known as Kalya Kheri. Subsequently it was of Bhojpur, once lay a vast lake, but nothing remains renamed as Goharganj by Her Highness Sultan lahan except the ruins of the magnificent old dams by which Begum, the ruler of Bhopal Slate its water were held up. The site was chosen with a great skill, as a natural wall of hills enciosing the A fort was built in the city by Raja Bhoj Qnd whole area- eltcept for two gaps, in width 100 yards later the Rani of Raja Udayaditya. Para mara (1059- and 500 yards respectively. Traditbns ascribe this 80), gr'lndson of Bhoj built a temple known as the great work to RajJ Bhoj of Dhar (1010-53). The Sal,ha Mandai which was c()mpleted in 1184. It is story goes about Raja Bhoja that he went to Bithur alleged that this Sabha Mandai was destroyed by for pilgrimage with large number of Brahmins as his Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash at the time of his assault usual habit of accompaning them whenever he use to at Malwa in 1236. After the invasion by Altamash move on religious mission. All the Brahmins gave in 1935. the Mohammadans b~gan to infiltrate into Malwa which included Bhopal as a part. In 1401 him blessings except one. H~ was an aggrieved per son who held Raja Bhoja responsible for the death Dilwar Khan Ghori took charge of this territory. of his (R aja Bhoj's) mother since she died at the time He made Dhar as the capital of his kingdom. He was succeeded by his son, Hoshang Shah (1405-34) of deliv~ry. it was a severe blow to the Raja. To do away with this stigma, Raja Bhoja consulted great who founded Hoshangabad. The massive dam scholars, sages, astrologers, etc. All of them with (Bhojpur lake) or which remains is the present one voice said "If the Raja will link up nine rivers Bhopal lake was destroyed by Hoshang Shah. Accor and ninety nine streams and then take- bath therein ding to Gond tradition. it took an army of them three and distribute nioetynine cows by way of charity and months to cut through the dam, and that the lake take the blessings of ninetynine Brahmins, and give took three years to empty, while its bed was not awav ninetynine tolas of Silver, then in that case the habitable for .30 years afterwards. blot can be removed from him, otherwis:: the Raja In the beginning of 14th Century, a Gond Warri. will be bitterly involved in the cycle of transmigration or named Yadoram established the Gond kingdom Oflioul", with his headquart~rs at Garha Mandla. The Gond dynasty had a number of puwerful kings like Madan Raja Bhoj had a very wise and experienced Shah, Gorakhjas, Arjundas and Sang ram Shah. Vazir, Kalyan Singh who made a tour of the territory During the Mughal invasion in Malwa, a sizeable compriSing Malwa and Gondwana. Kalyan Si.ngh area of the territory comprising Bhopal ,State was cuuld locate the place where Betwa river was flowing under the possession of Good kingdom. These terri with its seven tributaries. Thus he could c0ncieve of tones were known as chaklas of which Chakla Ginn bringing the water of the ninth river by constructing our was one consisting of750 villages. Bhopal was :l a dam which is now the Bhopal lake (Bara Talab) part of it. The Gond king Nizam Shah' was the ruler whose ripph:s are visible on the wide expanse of Bhopal of this area. He had seven queens, one of whom was City. Then he got one rivulet issued from this lake kamlapati the daughter of Kriparam Chandan Gond. which was later called as 'Kalyan Saul' and now as Kamlapati was so beautiful that a verse is famous 'Kaliyasaut'. Kalyan Singh cleare I the way of this about her. - river to join the Keron stream and was able to bring together the water of nine rivers at one place. "Only the Bhopal lake is worthy of being called a lake, Others are mere ponds beside it; Thus Raja Bhoj performed the ceremonies pres cribed by the Pandits for the purification of the soul. Only Queen Kamlapati is worthy of being called a queen, olhers are mele fools beside her" This place was later developed into a village where the Bhojpur temple Wa3 built as a massive structure ("~T'" i:f ,,):mr m<'I' am ~ ~, ,AT aT am ~ ~ with a massive single stone Shivting. ~~>I) xxiv , Nizam Shah's nephew, Chain Shah was rue chief h)amnag'f~ and built a fort. Dost Mohammed dtcd of Bari at that time. He in fact wanted to marry, in 1726 at t~~ 'age of 66. By this time he had carved Kamlap':1ti but was unsuccessful and started creating out t~e '~tate ·of 'Bhopal and placed it on a firm foo nuisance in Ginnor Cbakla. ting. " It; was Dbst Mohammed who had decided to b"ild his' capital at Bhopal in 1722. His successor, Nizam Sbah died of poisoning by Chain Shah. Yar Mohammed'Khan, however, went back to Islam His widow, Kamlapati and 80n, Neval Shah betRnie nagar. helpleas. Naval Shah was a minor then. Rani K'amla pati came to an agreement with Dost Mobammad, .. On bis death Yar Mohammed Khan, however, Khan to manage the affairs of the State and to,3venge. m~naged to make his entry in Bhopal and became the death of her husband. Under the agreemenfOost' thtf ruler of' "Bhopal. But actually he could never Mohammad Khan was asked to kill Chain Shah and, assume'th~ title of Nawab. He was also ambitious bring his eyes to Rani KamJapaU to get a reward, or.! like his father by acquiring possession of Udaipur, Rs. ten thousand. Sewans and Pathari.
, ' It was in 1917·18 that Dost Mohammad Kh'lfiil , . Mirathas had a contest with Yar Mohammed gol a good opportunity to come in contact of' Rani Khan iii. which many Jives were lost. The Marathas Kamlapati and thus he obliged her by fulfilling' her~ were making inroads in Malwa. In 1737, Yar wishes. MQhammed' Khan tried to make friendship with the Marathas by paying them handsome ransom. reques How fat it is true is not known. but iHs said ti:ng,' however that his territories might not be devas that Dost Mohammad khan later on k;iIled, Naval ~ted. y~t' Mohammed Khan ruled for fifteen years. Shah by Siving him poison. He died in 1742 and was buried in Ishmnagar where his tomb U· still standing. According to one opinion Rani Kamlapati 'commi: ted suicide by jumping into the lower la.ke'whctl nost' Ort the death of Yar Mohammed Khan. his Mohammad tril."d to molest .her. There is yet,unother etd~st 'son. Faiz Mohammed Khan succeeded him opinion. ac.;ording to which Rani Kllmlapati did stir w~th the assistance of Diwan Bijai R'm. In the mean immolation by burning herself before the'· ti~e S~ltan Mohammed Khan, the brother of Yar Kamlapati Paldce which now stands in KamI'a' Mo~ammed Khan proclaimed himself as a ruler and Park. Tbis bas been confirmed by the famous hi~lo obtained posseSSion of Fatehgarh Fort at Bhopal. rian and archaeologist. Shyam Sunder Saxena. The Again with the help of Bijai Ram, Faiz Mohammed self immolation by Rani Kamlapati is further corrob-" Khan compelled Sultan Mohammed to denounce all rated by the fact that whi e digging near K'amJa:'Park claims in' Bhopal in lieu of some Jagirs elsewhere. for laying pipeline for water supply to BRE!;" some J1aiz'Mohammed Khan attacked Raisen fort and took mortal remains like human bones. teeth· etc': wete~ possession of it. found near the tomb of Faiz Bahadur Sah.ebi It was in 1745, the Peshwa made inroads in the Dost Mohammed Khan was a shrewd and: oullniJJg tefrlt'ory of Bhopal. He got help fr:lm Sultan Moha Afghan Sardar who began acquiring. smaller priru:ipa,.; mmed 'Khan. The Bhopal army was unable to resist lities. After the death of Rani· Kamlapati; Dost ,. the onslaught of Marathas and thus s,)me SUfroun. Mohammed seized the fortress of Ginnor, curbed the': diAg areas-Ashta, Doraha, Ichhawar. BhiJsa, shujal. rebels, bestowing the grants according to their degree pur aQ~ sehore etc were ceded to them. upon the rest earned their gratitud.e. \Faiz Mohammed Khan died on 12th December 1;717:' Since he was childless, his brother Hayat Moha By treachery and deceit, Dost ~hammed Khan \ mmed Khan succeeded him with the help of lady destroyed the Deora Rajputs. slaughtering and ,fighting Mamora, the widow of Yar Mohammed Khan. But them into the stream, since then. known ItS HaJati,· the Bt~tJm Salaha, widow of Faiz Mohammed river of slaughter. He shifted bjs beadq~aFtets to' Khan j wiahed herself to take the command of xxv
the State. Rivalries had started brewing and chaotic In November 1837, Nawab Jehangi'r N101'1Clmmed condition prevailed. To pacify the deteriorating Khan was invested with powers of chief of the State. ~ondifions, Lady Mamola took active part in making It was Nawab Jehangir Khan who built a new colony Hayat Mohammed Khan, as the deputy of Begum which is known as Jehangirabad. Hh relations with Salaha. This arrangement was discarded by Hayat Sikandar Begum became strained after some time. Mohammed who revolted and assumed the tille and The Begum moved .to Islamnagar and gave Hrth to a power of Nawab. daughter who was known as Shah Jehan Begum. Later on Sikaodar Begum came to power. The East India Company had established its footings in India. Colonel Goddard of the East On the death of Sikandar Begum, Shahjehan India Company had marched through Bhopal on hh Begum became ruler of Bhopal with full powers. She way to Bombay. Hayat Mohammed Khan maintai did good work for the welFare of the State. Her ned good relations and was faithful to them. highness earned the approbation of the Governor General for good administrative ability. Nawab Faulad Khan was the Diwan but deve loped the enimity with Lady Mamola and was slain With the consent of the Bri~ish Government and by a member of the royal family. Chhota i(han was concurrence of the family her second marriage was appointed Diwaa in his place. In a fierce fight which solemnised with Syed Sidiq Hasan Khan. Sidiq Hasan Khan belonged to Wahabi sect well known for an~i took place at Phaoda, there was a loss of troops and Chhota Khan lost his life. It is Chhota Khan who British feelings. He died in 189J. had built a Itone bridge to dam the lower lake which On the Death of Shahjehlln Begum, her daughter, is still known as 'Pul Pukhta'. Ameer Mohommed Sultan Jehan Begum became the ruler. She was' Khan liucceeded his father. Since his behaviour was married to Ahmad Ali Khan who was given the title not good he was oust~d by the Nawab. Due to inter of 'Wazirud-Daula'. He died on 4th Jan 1902 due nal disturbances, Nawab Hayat Mohammed Khan to heart-attack. confined to his palace without taking any active part -in the affairs of the State. He died on 10th Nov. 1808. A number of important buildings were construc After the death of Hayat Mohammed Khan, his ted during the regime of aer highness, Sultan Jehan Begum. She was a patron of learning. It was duriog son Ghaus Mobammed became the Nawab but he her time, the Sultania Girls'School and the Alexan was not so effective. Wazier Mohammed Khan in deria Noble school (Now known as Hamidia High fact wielded power and tried to influence the Briti School) were established. shers. At this time the Maratha power was being built up. On the occasion of the Prince of Wales visit on Nazar Mohammed Khan became the SU('('~SSl)r 4th Feb 1922, Her Highness announced a new cons and remained in power from 1816 to 1819. By per titution for the Bhopal State which consisted of the sistent endeavours he succeeded in enlering into a establishment of an Executive Council and a Legisla pact with the Britishers. He was married to Gauhar tive Council. The president of the Council was Her Begum. also known as Qudsia Begum on 28th Feb Highness herself. 1818. The important provisions of the treaty was that the British Government will guarantee and pro Nawab Hamidulla Khan assumed the reign in tect the principality of Bhopal against all enemies and 1926. His Highness was twice elected as the Chan will maintain friendship with it. Nazar Mohammed cellor of the Chamber of Princes once in 1931-32 and Khan died accidentally in November 1019. again in 1944-47 and took part in important delibera tions affecting the political evolution of the coun~ry. On the death of Nazar Mohammed Khan, Gohar With the announcement of the plan of independence Begum was invested with the supreme authorhy in of the country, the Nawab of Bhopal resigned in 1947 the State by the Political agent in Bhopal. from the Chancellorship of the Chamber of Princes. :uvi
In 1941, a new Ministry with. a· norrofficial geogmpJtical area or the State. It is the .econd majority was appointed by, His Highness, but i.n 1948 smallest district in the State being next to Oa,ia. If His Highness expressed his desire· to retain Bhopal we compare the size of the districts in Madhya Pra as a separate unit. However the agreement for mer~ desh, they present a contrast. Bastar. the biggest ger was singed by th8 Ruler in April 30, ] 949 and the district is 14 times bigger than Bhopal. State was taken over, by. the Union Government through a Chief'Commissioner on June 1.. 1949. According to ]981 Census 894,739 persons with 477,531 males and 417.208 females have been enume After the merger. Bhopal ~tate was formed as a rated in the district. 212.886 persons live in 503 Part 'C" State 01 the Indian Union. Later as a con inhabited villages and another 681.853 persons reside sequenClll of the ReorganiBation of States on Unquistic in two urban units of the district. The average popu basis on 1st Nov. 1956. the Part C State of Bhopal lation per viJJa~e in the district works out to 423 which was merged with other territorios to from. the New is much below the State average of 582. The district State of Madh¥a Pradesh. The· new district of is therefore characterised with small sized villages. The Bhopal was carved out on 1-10·197~ which continues percentage of urban population to total population to be one· of the 45 district:; ofthct State. of the district is as high as 76.21 which is the highest amoDg the 45 districts of the State. Distribution. of Area- aDd Population :- With· an, ar~a or 2.772 sq. lon. according to tbe The following table gives the area, population. figures supplied by' the Surveyor General 0' Indm. density of the district, tahsils and towns. Bhopal distIict occupies 0.62 per cent of the total
District!Tahsil/, 'fatal, A,ea in Population
Ci'Yl\ow~ Rural! 8'1. kms. r------.A.------~ Density Urban Persons Males Females per sq. km.
I' t 3 4 5 6 7
'F 2,.712.8 894,739 477,531 417,208 323
R: 7.,486.5 212.886 112,883 100,003 86
V 285.5 681,853 364,648 317,205 2,388
1 .,1asia, 'l'absil 'I lI,424.:l 131,636 69,744 61,892 92
It 1,423 .. 3 120,801 34,003 56,798 85
U 0.6 10,835 5,741 5,094 18,364
DeRsia (M), U 0.59 10,83S 5,741 5,094 18,364
2 HuzuJ: Tah.sil T 1.283,4 763,103 407,787 355,316 595
R 998.5 92.085 48,880 43,205 92
U 284.9 671.018 358,907 312,111 2,355
Bllopal (Me) U 284.90 611.018 358,907 312,11 \ 2,355 xxvii
The area figure for the district total is according district. Berasia is very sparsely poplIlated while the to the Surveyor General of India while those of the density in Huzur tahsil is very high. This i'l obviously tahsils are based on State Survey Department. Urban because it contains the capital city of Bhopal which area figures are as supplied by the local bodies is a powerful growth centre and is growing very fast. concerned. The following table gives the distribution of The density of population for the district is 323 villages according to the availability of differen, persons per sq. km, which is very high as compared amenity. to the State average of 118. Of the two tahsils in tt.e
Table 1
Distribution of villages according to tbe availability of different amenities
No. (with percentage) of villages having one or more of the following amenities ,------"------, SI. Name of Tahsil No. of Educa- Medical Drinking Post and Market! Communi- Approach Power No. inhabited tion water Telegraph Hat cations by pucca supply village road
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 It
1 Berasia 285 169 17 285 31 8 47 45 66 (59.30) (5.96) (100.00) (10.88) (2.81) (16.49) (15.79) (23.16) 2 Huzur 218 132 7 218 22 3 31 54 84 (60.55) (3.21) (100.00) (10.09) (1.38) (14.22) (24.77) (38.S3)
Total: District 503 301 24 503 53 11 78 99 150 (59.84) (4.77) (100.00) (10.54) (2.19) (15.51) (19.68) . (29.82)
It is a very happy feature indeed that drinking villages. water facility is avaibable in almost all the villages of the district. Amenity like post and telegraph is availabl~ in 10.54 per cent of the villages which is again indequate It may be ob~erved from the above figures that but hS compared to many advanced districts the posi about 60 per cent of the villages in the district have tion is not that bad. one or more educational institution though mostly of primary level. The amenity of market or hat is very meagre which is hardly 8uffi.='ent to cater to the need of the So far as the availability of medical amenities in rural popUlation. villages is concerned, there are only ~4 villages out of a total of 503 villages where medical institutions are Other amenities like communications, approach available. This hardly accounts for 5 per cent cove to villages by pucca road and power supply are also rage and is therefore grossly inadequate. The reason not adequate for the economic development of the being that the district is having large number of small area. The result is that the pace of development is villages and such amenities are available only in big very slow. xxviii
The fl)U;)wing tabl; gives t:le proportion of population served hy different arnenirie:;!.
Table 2
Proportion of Rural Population Served by different amenities
------_.. -._ ...... _-_ ... ---__ .. _... _._ ...... SI. Name of Tahsil Total Popu. Proportion of rural Population served by the amenity of Jation of ,------.- _____ . __..A.. ____ ..• ______, No. inhabited Educa· Medical Drinking Post and Market! Communi- Approach Power villages in tion water telegraph Hat cation by pucca supply the tahsil road
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 Berasia tahsil 120,801 101,233 21,966 120,801 36,299 12,671 35,158 32,S 11 44,299 2 Huzur tahsil 92,085 79,025 9,386 92,085 23,603 5,170 19,500 30,357 46,798
Total: District 212,886 180,258 31,352 212,886 59,902 17,841 54,658 62,868 91,097
Entire population of the district enjoys the faci tahsil is better placed both in terms of number of lity of drinking water within the precincts of the institutions and population coverage. village. Well is the main source of drinking water. As regards other amenities like post & telegraph. Regarding the availability of educational amenity market or hat, communications, approach by pucea the villages having it cover ab()ut 85 per cent of the road, power supply majgrity of the rural population total rural popUlation. Huzur tahsil is slightly better . has to depend on other nearby villages or towns than Berasia in terms of spread of literacy. where such ameni~ies exist.
Only 14.73 per cent or the rural population can The following table gives the distribulion of avail of the medical amenity within easy reach, while viJ:ages not having certain amenities arranged by a majorilY of the population has to depend on nearby distance range from the place where these are available. village or town where such facility existis. Berasia
Table 3
Distribution of villages oot baviog certain amenities, arrange I by di4jtance range,; from the places wbere tbese are ay.iloble
. Village not having the amenity of Number of villages where the amenity is not available and available :It distance of ,-______..A.. ______.....
-5 Kms. 5-10 Kms. 10+Kms. Total (Cols.2+4) ------1 2 3 4 5
1 Education 188 10 4 202 2 Medical 139 151 189 479 3 Drinking water 4 Post and Telegraph 324 81 45 450 5 Market/Hat 122 164 206 492 6 Communication 252 143 30 425 xxix
Out or 202 non·educational institution villages, lily is very poor. The district has to strive hard to ] 88 villages arc situated -at a distance range of less achieve the declared objectives of "universal educa than 5 km. from such village or tuwns where this tion" and "health for all by 2000 AD". facility exisits. But for the educational amenity. which Is available at a reasonable distance the rcsi· The following table gives the distribution of dents of non-amenity villages have to cover longer villages according to the distance range from the distances to avail of them. The distance facwr is more nearest town. meJ.ningful in a situation where communication facio
Table 4
Di tribution of villages according to tile distance from the nearest town and availability of different amenities
Distance range No. of No. (with percentage) of villages having the amenity of from the inhabited ,------__..A. ______"""\ nearest town villages in Educa- Medical Drinking Post and Marketl Communi· Approach Power (in kilometres) each range tion water telegraph Hat cation by pucca supply road
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0-5 25 15 25 1 1 8 12 (60.00) (100.00) (4.00) (4.00) (32.00) (48.00)
6-15 189 127 10 189 23 2 32 45 68 (67.20) (5.29) (100.00) (12.17) (1.06) (16.93) (23.81) (35.98)
16-50 289 159 14 289 29 9 45 46 70 (55.02) (4.84) (100.00) (10.03) (3.11) (15.57) (IS.92) (24.22) .---- Total 503 301 24 503 53 11 78 99 150 (59.84) (4.77) (100.00) (10.54) (2.19) (15.51) (19.68) (29.82)
A little more than half (57.46%) the total number over it and thereby it gets equipped with various of villages in the district are situated at a distance amenities. But it is somewhat peculiar that in tbe range of 16-50 kms. from the nearest town which is case of Bhopal district, those villages which are situ an indication of the fact that not many of them are ated 6-15 km. away from a town are having better exposed to urban influence. Normally. nearer the amenities than those situated within a distance range village from a town greater is the urban influence of 5 kms. or less. xxx
The folLowing table gives the distribution of villages according to-'_f,opulation range and amenities availabk Table 5 Distribution of villages according to population range and amenities available ------PopulatioD Number of Number (with percentage) of villages having the amenity of ii1habited ,-______..A. ______-,. Range villages in Educa- Medical Drinking Post and Market} Communi- Approach Powel' each );ange tion water telegraph Hat cation by pucca supply road ------_ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-499- 363 162 3 363 5 31 45 82 (44.63) (0.83) (100.00) (1.38) (8.54) (12.40) (22.59)-
SOO-l,~99 134 18 135 44 9 45 51 64 f99.26) (13.33) (100.00) (32.59) (6.67) (33.33) (37.78) (47,41) 2,000-4,999; 5 5 3 5 4 2 2 3 4 (100.00) (60.00) (100.00) (80.00) (40.00) (40.00) (60.00) (80,00)
'Iota) 503 301 24 503 53 11 78 99 150 (59.84) (4.77) (100.00) (10.54) (2.19) (15.51) (19.68) (29.82)
Tbe- dis-trict has a preponderance of small Wheat is the most important crop grown in the villages whiCh accounts f6r 72.17 per cent of the total number ofvillages. Bigger the villages. greater the district. Gram is however the next important crop amenities available in them whith is, evident from the figures- given in the above table. grown but among the cereal crops, Jowar fonns the The following table gives the- main staple food next important crop. Thus wheat and Jowar are the in majority or: the villages in each tahsil of the district. main staple food of the rural population of the Table 6 district. Maio,staple Food io the Majority ohill'llges io each tahsil The following table gives the distribution of Name of Tahsil Main, Staple food villages according to land use.
1 Bemsia' Wheat,_ JCilwar 2 HUZlII' Wheat,_ Jowal
Table 7 Dlstril,utioo of 1I.Ulages according to laod use
SI. Name of! Tabsil' No. of inhabited: Total area Percentage of cultivable Percentage of irrigated No. villages' area to total area area to total cultivable area
1 2- 3 4, 5 6 1 Berasia 285 H7,2.00.26 98,161.79 3,283.47 (71.55) (3.34) 2 HuzuI' 218 96,S 5:7~,1tl, 75,015.33 7,347.00 (77.69) (9.79)
" ..aI· :: District 503 In,7S7 ..38: 173,177.12 10,6JO.47 ('14.08) (6.14) xxxi
According to ·village papen, 1979-80, the percen 1 2 3 tage of cultivated area to total geographical area of the district works out to 74.08 whh..h is much higher Pulses than the State average of 42.38 per cent. The district Gram 27,500 17.29 has not fully exploited its irrigational potential as the Tur 2,fi51 1.67 percentage of irrigated area to total cultivable area Others 7,049 4.43 is merely 6.14 per cent. Huzur tahsil is better placed Sugarcane 887 0.56 in terms of Jand use for cultivation and irrigated area. Condiment & spices 337 0.23 The following table gives the cropping pattern of the Fruits & Vegitables 959 0.60 district. Green fodder 43 0.03 Table 7.1 Oilseeds 4,222 2.65 Cropping patterD, 1980· 81 FIbre 129 0.08 Crop Area in hectares Percentage to Chari Crops 19,201 12.07 total cropped Others 10 0.01 area 159,094 100.00 2 3 Total
Cereals Wheat is the most important crop which alone Rice 1,716 1.08 accounts for 43.01 per cent of total cropped area, 22,071 13.87 ]owar followed by gram with 17.29 per cent. With little of Maize 3,845 2.42 irrigation, the cultivation is mostly or dry-type. Wheat 68,426 43.01 Barley 9 0,01 The following table gives the growth, density and Others 3 Nil sex-ratio of urban population in the district.
Table 8
Growth, Density and sex-ratio of Urban Population in the Diftrict In relation to the State
District State ,-______.A.. ______... ,------~---.------... Cen Total Urban %Urban Decadal Density Sex- Total Urban % Urban Decadal Density Sex sus Popu- Popu- Popu- Percentage (Popu- ratio(No. Popu- Popu- Popu- percentage (popu- ratio(No. year lation lation lation variation lation of females lation lation lation variation lation of females in urban per sq. per 1,000 in urban per sq. per 1,000 population km.) males) popula- km.) males) tion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1951 235,665 102,333 43.42 + 28.92 3,592 894 26,071,637 3,132,937 12.02 +33.16 2,034 907 1961 371,715 229,186 61.66 +123.96 2,405 773 32.372,408 4,627,234 14.29 +47.70 2,482 856 1971 572,169 392,641 68.62 + 71.32 3,181 823 41,654,119 6,784,767 16.29 +46.63 2,378 868 1981 894,739 681,853 76.21 + 73.66 2,388 870 52,178,844 10,586,459 20.29 +56.03 2,170 884
The district has a preponderance of urban popu tremendous growth of urban population in Bhopal lation. The component of urban population of the district. The reason is not far to seek. Consequent district was 43.42 per cent in 1951 which has gone upon the Reorganisation of States on linguistic up to 76.21 per cent in 1981 while for the State as a basis, Bhopal was made the capital of the new State whole it was 12.02 per cent in 1951 which has incre of Madhya Pradesh on lst November, 19~6 which ased to 20.29 per cent in 1981. Thus there has been a resulted in a large influx of population in Bhopal uXli from th~ int-egra'11nS"lmits and later the establishment decades show reduction in the sex imbalance. Urban of Bharat Heavy' Electricals ltd. jn the year 19,)~' has areas generally exhibit low sex-ratio which being accelerated the growth of urban population. It is adverse to females. This trait is common throughout evident< from ~he above ligures that the decadal the country. srowth rate of'123.96 pep t!ent during lCJSl-61 hali The following table gives the details of new towns! been an.all time higb, towns declassified in 1981 Censull. DeRsity; Table 9 The density of population per sq. km. in urban area New Towns/Towns declassified in 1981 Census of the district lias' been tlu(·tuating froni censuS to census, tbougb there bas been successive increase Name of Towns Population 1981 Census 2 of urban population. This is due to (he variation _-_._._------in area figures· towns whi~h ill due to extension of or (8) Added municipan limits where by large chunk 0: inhabited area is added. (8) Declassified
Sex-ratio: No new town has been added in the district in 1981. As I'gainst 4 towns viz Bhopal. Bairagarh, The sex-r..atw ie the ntImber offemales per 1000 males Govindpura and Berasia in 1971 there are only two in urbaa area'> of .Bhopal district has always been (Bhopal and Be.asia) in ]981. Owing to the exterl lower 1han that'of'the'State ever since 1951. The steep tion of municipal corporati9n limits of Bbopal, th: fall in the figures or-'sex-ratio in 1961 is mainly on two towns viz. Govindpura (HEL) and Bairagarh account 0" large influx of lnalo population due to the being contiguous got merged in it. Their identity as shifting of the Capital; to Bhopal and a) so the estab separate towns has lost because of their ceasing to be lishment of,'BHEL Due to paucity of residential acco independent civic bodies. modation the family me'mbers had to be left behind. Subsequently when the residential colonies came up, The following table gives the per capita receipt the family mDmbors followed and. thereby subsequent and expenditure in towns.
Table 10
PCPr capita receipt and expenditure in towns
Per capita r---' ______---A. ______------_""'" Receipt Expenditure
r-~-----..A.----.-, , ______..A.. ______, Class, Name and civic Total' Rcceipl Receipt Total General Expenditure Public Expen- Other status of the WWM through from all expen- adminis- on public works ditute aspects taxes other diture tration health an~ on public sources convenien<;.;: institu- tions
1 2 3' 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
IV Berasia tM)·' 8·0.54 25.83 54.71 31.40 6.87 10,81 5.84 0.70 7.18 I Bhopal EM.-eorp,.}, 53.42 11.32 42.10 38.91 7.78 8.78 1,99 0,17 20.19
··-___ ··_a
Total Dilitrict· 53;83 11-.55 42.30 38.79 7.76 8.81 2.06 0.18 19.98 xniii
The per capita receipt liaS:l)eelrmuch' high'er tball Stilte' in tlie country. The civic authorities has a much the per capita expenditure in bot]i tbe towns. Berasia greater responsibility in providing basic amenitil!S in is 9 small and a growing town has a better financial this fast growing city. Its expenditure on public _tanding which spends fairly adequate 8Um· an public welfare amvities does not appear to be really encou health conveniences, and on public wDrb. It is tor raging. There is .much to be desired. the civic au~horities to aim at its planned growth . rather than getting into a mess at a late stage. Bhopal The (ollowing table gives the number of schools has the distinction of being the .;apital of the largest pelf 1'600 population in towns.
Table 11
Institutio'ls per ten tbousand population in to"lfns
No. of Instit5tioDs per ten thousand popUlation ,..------""--- Class, Name and civic Higher Secondary/ Secondary/ Junior/ Primary status of town Inter/PUCI Matriculation Middle Junior College
1 2 3 4 5
IV Berasia (M) 1.85 4.H 5.54 I Bhopal (M. Corp.) 0.77 3.07 6.20 ------District 0.79 3.09 6.19
In terms of number of institutions per 1000 popu Bhopal being the district headquarters as well as lation. Bhopal (Me) has a higher average of 6.19 in the capital city possesses very big hospitals with better respect of Primary level institution while for Middle ameRities but the numb.:r of beds per 1000 population ichools and Higher Secondary ins:itutioDs, Berasia is not adequate. The position in Berasia is still worse. town occupies higher position with better averages. Higher average may not necessarily be an index of The following tahle is meant for showing the better situation. Bhopal city with lower average has a popUlation of slum population in Class I & II towno; wider coverage because the institutions are re:ativey but there is only one Class I town viz Bhopa I or bigger in size and content and are more effective so which the information bas been furnished below. far the spread of lileracy is concerned. Table 13
The follov.ing table gives the member of beds in Proportion of SIUD1S Populalion in T01\DS medical institutions in towns. Class, name and Proportion of the Density in slums Table 12 civic status of slums population (per sq. km.) No. of Beds in Medical institutions in Towns the town to total popula tion of the town
Class, name and civic No. of beds in medical 1 2 3 status of town institutions per 1,000 population I Bhopal {M.C.> 6.22 73.268
1 2 The brisk con~truction activity in Bhopal hI'S IV Berasia (M) 1.48 attracted a large n umber of labourers from outside the 'I Bhopal (M Corp.) 2.8.5 city. The make-shift hh ·Iters of these labourers have led to proliferation of jhuggis in a number of VTahle 14
Most importaot ,commodity manufactured, imported and exp(J-rted iD towns
,Most important commodity Class, name and civic status r------...A.__------, of the town Manufactured Exported Imported
1 2 4
IV Derasia (M) Wheat Sugar I Bhopal Heavy Electricals Equipments Wheat Fibre-glass Sub-mersible Pump
Berasia is just a small town with no ind ustry though not indicated in the above table. This may and as such its score under manufacturing is nil be because the bulk which counts. Bhopal district Bhopal is having the Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. is in the wheat producing belt and therefore wheat manufacturing mainly heavy equipments like trans forms an important commodity of export. formers, turbines etc. which are exported outside, 30' 40'
DISTRICT GUNA I MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL BERASIA' DISTRICT BHO,PAL .t 2 I 0 2 • 6 MILES Q' ~Iii2 I 0 12 .1 '{ D SO' 50' / Ij
j 11 / '{ £t
,... U / cr f.. II)
Q-
40' 40'
. REFERENCE
BOUNDARY, DISTRICT""", .. , .. " .. , ...... _._._ " TAHSIL.." .... " .. ,,,, .. ,,,,,,, .. ,, .. ,,-,_,_ VILLAGE WITH LOCATION CODE " NUMBER ..... """" .. , HEADQUARTERS: TAHSIL."" .. "., .. " ..... ,," VILLAGES WITH POPULATION SIZE' BELOW 200, 200-~99j500-999jIOOO·4999j ...... , ""'" , 0." UNINHABITEO VILLAGES ...... ,," " ... """, .. " X URMN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE" .. """.... "" , ~ STATE HIGHWAY, , .... , .. ,"" ...... , .. "" .. " .... _I_HI_I_ UNMETALLED ROAD ...... "" ... " .. "" .• ,,"==:="'=
POSITION OF TAHSIL HUZUR RIVER AND ST~EAM p.'" ..... " " .. ".""'''~ 30' IN DISTRICT BHOPA, FOREST AREA .. """ ...... ".,," """ .... ,,, .. 24 0 24 MILE!; ~ '--L.....J POST OFFICE/POSTa TELEGRAPH OFFICE"" ... ", IMIO 4~aI(ILOM[TR~S HIGHE~ ;ECONDARY SCHOOL '''''' " .. " ... '" POLICE STATION", , "" , " , ' .. " , , " .. " .,," . 15 HOSPITAL, PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE, DISPENSARV, , i.i. + MARKET/HAT, MANDIES", .... "." .. " ... " .. ',' &, Ii
3' 25 NOTl: 1. VILLAGE LOCATION CODE NUMIER TIS NOT SHOWN H U Z U R IN THIS HAP, t fOIlS! AREIS SHOWI ARE HOT CLASSifiED.
7 10' 20' 10' 40'
©GOVT. 0' INDIA COPYRIGHT, 1914. ,,0 0 o I 20 rJ ' "10 ' ~ •~ L •e MADHYA PRADESH TAHSIL HUZUR DISTRICT BHOPAL 2 I 0 4 !MILE! A' ~2 I 0 2 4 6 & KILOMETRES
20'
til
REFERENCE BOUNDARY, DISTRICT.. """ .. ,.. " ...... 10' TAHSIL ,.. " .... ,""""' .. '"
p VILLAGE WITH LOCATION CODE NUMBER .... ,.... [~~~~J HEADQUARTERS: DISTRICT, TAHSIL " .. "" ...... "" .. ": .. ",, i © VILLAGES WITH POPULATION SIZE: BELOW ZOO, ZOO.499,500.999,IOOO.4999 ... """"" ...... , '" 0'" UNINHABITED VILLAGES. URBAN AAEAWITH LOCATION COOE" .. " ... ,.. " .. ,,,,,,.,,,,, .. mB NATIONAL HIGHWAY ...... _..INIII.H.::.11_ STATE HIGHWAY...... " ...... """"""""""""""",,_ __.,SHc:.;II,--- METALLED ROAD". "" .. ", .. "." ...... " .. , " ..... , , UNMETALLED ROAD ...... " ...... " ...... ".======, AS RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION' BROADGAUGE .... " .. "" .. "".,~dIIoo=- POSITION OF TAHSIL HUZUR IN DISTRICT BHOPAL RIVER AND STREAM ...... " ... "" ...... "" .. "" .... " .,' .. """",~. 24 0 U ~ILES L-..J..-J POST OFFICE/POST & TELEGRAPH OFFICE ...... ".,.".,_ POIPTO "miIKILOLtETIlES HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL ...... " ...... "" ... .. r"'·, POLICE STATION .... , .... , .... " ...... ,.. PS i I, J' \''''''j HOSPITAL, PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE.DISPENSARY .. " fe,i. + 23 i, I!RASIA:; MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CENTRE ...... , , . A \ / 00 j, .! MARkET/HAT, MANDIES" .... , ""',:,.,'" , .. ," '" &., b. I
NOTE:· VILLAG! LOCATION CODE NUMBERS 41,41 AIID '14 ARE NOT SHOWN
~~Id ------~------~20~'------~------~3~~'------~I~------f.40~'------~------~71~50~"--~
e GOVT. OF INDtA COPYRiGHT, 114. QOVT, CEHTtIL PRESS, sHOPA~ ... Cfi - v'" r"im~ Section I - Village Directory
3
~~"T2"T,( 11T'{l ..rr f!~
~ ~'I~AT1:f 'lite ~~ 'fil'I" "llll" 'liT ~(11' ~~~~ "llll" """ ~lll" ,-___..A. __, ,-__..A. __ , mr ~ 1971 1981 .1971 1981
2 3 4 2 3 4
28/1 it~f6lfT cr~
24 '-fi;fmm 29 31 25 '-fi;f~t 57 S9 1 3T1ro 302 306 26 ~lfl'i1Wll'II' 78 80 72 :2 ~ 70 27 ~~ 163 166 3 3T'il. rr1i~T 127 130 28 ifi'1(lflWT 67 69 4 ar;RT~T 308 305 29 'ificf~ 68 70 5 ~l:: 31 33 30 rnT 7S 77 (, an:~ 140 143 31 ~ 71 73 7 ",52 mfuT :293 298 , 23 2S 20 l!rn~T 271 274 53 ~ 211 214 21 '3i;furr 254 257 S4 ~!:fT~ 55 ~lWT'Ii~ 138 141 56 ~-..:rm 126 119 57 ~ '123 1:!6 22 '-f,"q.frfnn 195 198 58 ~~ 5 5
23 q;:t'1T'P'ft 22 24 59 ~~ 243 246 4
~~q,~"n:: vt~ff ~1 ~.q1
'lIilf llT1l" ifiT ;:mr ;;2fl'I"ll" W, ;rRT~ ~ 1JTlf ifi T ;:TTl!" ~fi't'fll" 'Ii'Is ~ , __..A.. __~ ~l(f ~Il"T ,--..1\..--, 1971 1981 1971 1981 ...... _------_ _._-_. 2 3 4 2 3 4 --_--__ ._--_,-- ---._. --.. _------_._- -.--
2 8 f l ~~fulJT ('fQ_;;:j'R
60 ~ 175 178 92 ~ 231 234 61 ~m-r 196 199 93 ~ 295 2S9 62· ~F 230 233 94 ~ 133 136 63 ~ 287 7 95 ~r 193 196 64 ~ 253 256 96 "-iT'f>li~T 206 209 65 ~ifi111<1 1 51 154 97 '-(T'if!~) 44 46 66
75 ~r 167 170 76 fitrrq"~ 200 203 106 1i1Tf<~"(1' 66 68 77 85 87 ~~ 107 ~ 72 74 78 86 88 ~ 108 Gf~~ «i<1i 110 113 79 ~iJTi~ 8 9 114 109 ~~l!!:~ 111 ;r~ 76 78 SO 110 ;;rnrifi-~r 56 58 6 6 252 81 ~ 111 ~1~ 249 92 94 174 177 82 ~~T \12 ~T 25S 2fi1 83 ~T 113 ~;rm;:rr 201 204 2.35 238 I ~,. 84 _I ~:f"""'I&hft 114 ~120 ~ 237 240 212 215 91 'iI'fI'1~lq~~~1 247 250 121 fC;'-fiil~ 5
I(Vi'JliJl'12~l~ VtJl'l ~) tt~)
;p:r In1J ;p'f rrnr ~I!T;" f; If ~ ;n:iI'<: ~ !f11l 'li"T :mr ~llf 'ii16 ;p--~------~-- .. ---- 2 3 4 2 3 4
28/l ~ fij II T a-~~l ~
(; 145 m;:rl<:[ 64 66 146 ~r 17 19 1"" fi-'Ii"rormf'll"1: 96 98 147 ,!m~T 50 52 123 fo~lfl<1{§q'1$~T 47 49
~ 148 ~fCIR 18 20 149 ;:n:mr~ 97 100 124 ~ 182 185 150 ~1ft1!<: 136 139 125 ~f 223 226 151 214 217 126 gRf 73 75 ~!f1"Rf 152 ~~i 203 21\ 127 ~mlfT 147 150 153 rrl1:r&:n:'!u 251 254 128 iiTfwi158 r:r1!l"n:lfT 178 181 159 If'Jim 80 82 131 m:r<[i;fr'li"<'ff 209 212 160 q;:;fr~ 119 122 132 1'l]Q 176 'tUI!fRT 11.25 128
1013 u~ In 125 272 275 IH ~llr'T 202 205 177 ~r;r 6
~""'~~UT1:: V,.n '" ~1
'.!Pf ID1f 'liT 1~~ 'iii'!' ~Tlf 'liT ifTlf ~,";:iTzT ~.~ ,-__..A... __~ ,-__..A... __~ ~lfT .tlS7.fl 1971 1981 1971 1981
2 3 4 1 2 3 4 _.. _-_ ... _.... --.•.. _-- _.- _.... __ ._. _.... -....,._-_. -_"
2Rj 1 ~~fij'lfT a-l3: ~'h;r
In ~~T '!i<1T 19 21 218 ar~'li182 ~ lOS IDS 183 ~~ 98 101 1114 ~ 1:'9 132 35 185 ~ 65 67 222 ~ 33 186. ;n:;{T~') 306 301 223 'tl"~~ 51 53 187 ~\iIi' 32 34 22·1 mrn 24 26 }(, 18 188 cn:1i~ 225 'lfT'f~ 100 103 189- cn:~ l1l:;it 160 Il)3 226 'if·;rr::::r..;rt 37 39 190 cn:~l 230 ,q,n-GT 215 218 I ., 194 ;r<:~' 139 '1_ 231 ~;;r 27 29 195 ;r1:"1~ 203 206 232 'lT7,irp:T 180 IS3 196 iIfmffi~ 216 219 233 ·.fl~rnt 217 220 197 cn:~fu<;r~ 275 278 198 omrr ~~T 142 145 )99 ~T 228. 221 200 162 165 ~ 23·1 1ftr~ 45 47 201 i('[lpf) 52 54 235 ;r7,~. 7 8 171 174 202 ifTlTT'!'U 236 ~;rlit~ 305 300 203. 'iTt~. 262 265 237 ~ 207 210 204 'iT~ 39 41 238 l1i'f~ 158 161 20.5 ~~T. 2 2 239 l1i'fm~r 55 57 206. ~Pm: 198 201 240 'Ftl"~"r 256 259 207 ~ 121 124 241 ~rfr 94 96 42 44 2.08 f.. ii1I"1'1'Mt 242 l1g~ 87 89 209 ~~ 49 51 243 l1g",~ 185 188 210 ~ 225 228 244 $~~ 204 207 211 ~~ 191 194 245 ~.~ 88 90 212 ~ 190 193 246 ~T 120 123 2.13 iff;;jl,!,~:r 294 290 247 1'[r?j1~1 'liT 62 64 214 ~. 102 105 248 l!'~m~ 131 134 215 '!~t 277 280 249 l!'~~T 265 268 216 ,~ 276 279 250 ~omr~.,. 109 112 217 ~ 106 109 251 i[·l'U 41 43 7
erui~,"~m mill lfil ~;:ft
~lI' II'llf lJiT ifTlr ~1:I"~if~ 'lfi'l" VTJf 'liT ifnr ~~~ ij'.. ;rr ,-.~-~.A.--, m,!iT ,-__..A. __-, 19'il 1981 1971 1981 .... _-_.. __ ... 2 3 4 2 3 4
28/1 ~f'llfT cr~~r;;r
252 ~t 155 158 276 'flit;f)' !j;':::rr 226 229 253 iitfl1;ro 26 28 277 ~,)~il: 227 230 278 morr 219 222 ~ 279 ~~tT"lJ;;r 168 171 280 ~r 9 11 254 ~311(1"1,! ( 263 266 281 l'fTli'li).iro 267 270 255 '~T~~ 164 167 282 ll:nit~T 13 15 256 ~'(f tfi{~"il~ 242 245 29V ~ 91 '93 264 ~ 192 195 291 ~t 218 221 265 ~ 246 249 292 ij1:ro.q-..:rp:r 61 6J 266 Uf;r.:rr il'fli'!fI't'T '238 124 146 149 ~ 294 mn:T~ 239 295 ~ :236 227 267 ~ 224 268 ~ 135 138 269 ~tiT 150 153 184 187 270 ~ 181 184 296 ~ 135 271 ;;rw,T',!" 130 13J 297 ~~~ 132 244 298 ~~r 241 300 299 lff 299 ~fcr: 144 147 1(;9 300 fWIT;fT 272 W~'I'{ 172 30t %&"tm 280 283 273 84 86 79 81 V!'f<'IT 302 ~ 274 Qfq-T,! 'J 303 302 303 ~;:frfcmma- 115 118 304 f~qro;r 113 il6 305 ~~!j;' 260 263 210 213 275 ~t 27 30 3Q6 ~~ 8
.uf""T~T' ",,1 'Iii ~l
"fill' YTlI' iii T 11'111' ~'\l:rom~ "fill' IHlt 'liT if11f ~mif'l'il': ~ r----"---, ntn r--.--A----, 1971 1981 1971 1981
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
~p: ~«tW 2 8/2
27 """"t~ 166 123 28 mron 254 208 29 1 ~ 269 217 ~r 55 42 30 2 ~f 33 24 'lmJr~T 63 47 3 ar~ 113 97 ~t ;;r,;rr ~ 96 84 32 4 ~~j :!16 192 'lim 'Wft 233 187 S aTlR'fU 224 177 33 lfir.'I'T q"1q-(:r 71 63 6 ~Tfol1n 34 27 34 ~ ;:rrr<: 76 58 7. ~ 95 83 35 ~ 46 33 8. ~ 12 59 36 ~RT 158 115 37 ~ 217. 170 38 n ~~ 253 210 12 ~fu48 VT1{l;lT ~~ 179 136 f5 fei~ 35 22 49 I!!I"R:~ ]is 130 116 ~~;m: 177 137 50 VT<:'lT 105 163 51 VT~i 191 ]49 52 ~ 60 50 53 ~~ 202 155 17 lfi('I.fJ' 68 56 54 ~'if IS 16 18 '!i'mT 291 224 55 ~~ 181 134 1'9 lfi'GI<{fW 178 138 56 vrm:lft 188 145 20 ~ 66 54 57 ~-o 172 128 21 ~ 42 32 22 ~~ 69 57 23 lifi~ 193 152 58 ~ll"~1;T 78 69 24 ~ 90 80 89 72 2-5 "'~lflijl:!' q'1I('IIi"'~ml ~.n'fl 'fir ~r
'lfi'I' «Tif 'liT ;:rrq' ~¥:TTrr'hfm ~ ~if ~l'IJ 'liT 'fTll' ~flfm~ ,-_ ~ ___ ..A.~ ~~r ~l§ll'r ,----"-----. 1971 1981 1971 1981
2 3 4 1 2 3 4
28/2 Q''!l ;:r~f(')w
61 "!~) fW: 286 223 62 ifif ~~ 250 201 197 151 63 m 234 186 87 rnT~t 64 mv~ 53 44
88 ~ 107 94 ·89 ir..- 81 67 65 fiR: ~'T 144 112 90 ir.n:T 102 91 66 ~T 55 46 91 ir.n:r 20 18
67 ~:ft 9 7 92 ~f.""T267 215 95 UIf~ 296 231 232 74 9R 96 ~r 198 75 ~ 222 174 64 48 97 ~ 76 lOt 87 "187 141 wriAr~ 98 ~. 3 51 35 77 fiK<1T 78 :srmr'l1fT 'f.'iI"t 114 99 I :'2 163 119 103 ~f(j'lifoo 79 ;rpftf;;l:rr {§~ :763 219 104 ~~ 80 '3I'~~'T 194 147 15 12 81 ~IfT .ro a- ir 176 129 105 Ui'IJf.ro
82 mqf,(1fT 112 96 83 mtm:1fT~ 200 156 84 SJ~ 44 30 248 202 85 m~ 2 4 ]06 ~ 195 150 86 mro:rT~ 108 86 107 ~T 10
~"IIi"I,~n:: '11,,1 ",.~,
~ ~mr ill ifTlr ~T1:f lfo16 ~ 1IIi1f VT'f iJr. ifTlr ~~~ mr r---.A----.. mT r--~"1 1971 1981 1971 1981
2 3 4 1 2 3 4
28/2 ~ ~~')c;r
108 ;rtm~. 110 101 '139 ~ 118 105 109 ;rtm~~f6{ 301 235 140 ~ 201 ISS 8 .110 ifroft 198 148 141 ;mvr~ 6 111 f.ltrrf;ro ;om 59 51 142 srr"lT1i 268 216 112 f.ltrrf.rln ~l1lt 43 31 143 iRrU 239 199 16S 93 113 ~ 214 144 ~ 106 114 ~iT~ ]67 125 145 .rot 292 225 146 iI<:~T ~r~ 168 126 147 ~iI't~ 160 114 164 148 ~iW! 213 115 i16 103 ~iiIR 149 ~~ 79 65 238- 200 1I6 ~ 150 ~~ 65 52 14 117 ~~, 12 151 ~ 290 226 lIB ~~ 5 9 152 1fT1ftf.r