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PIM Glossary

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PIM Glossary 3D Printing (Rapid Prototyping) - Is a manufacturing Access Control - In a network, a means of ensuring the method whereby 3D objects are quickly made on a system’s security by requiring users to supply their reasonably-sized machine connected to a names and passwords each time they log on. computer containing blueprints for the object. The basic principles are like that of a 2D printer - Access Control List - In a network, a database that holds the names of the valid system users and materials cartridges, flexibility of output, notes the level of access that each has been translation of code into a visible pattern. granted. A4 - ISO paper size 210mm x 297mm used for Access Time - The interval between the instant at letterhead. which a call for data is initiated and delivery of the AI - Adobe Illustrator's metafile format, which is data is completed. actually a type of Encapsulated Postscript. Achromatic - Having no color or hue. AM (Amplitude Modulation) Screening - Traditional Actinic Light - Light that exposes a coating or halftone screening, as opposed to FM (Frequency Modulated) screening, has dots of variable size emulsion. with equal spacing between dot centers. Hybrid Additive Color Theory - The mixture of red, green and screen combines AM and FM screening. See blue light, the primary colors of light, to produce halftone. white light. AM/FM Screening - This is an issue to discuss with Adhesive Binding - Applying a glue or another, usually your printer as to which screen option is more hot-melt, substance along the backbone edges of appropriate for your job. The advantage of FM assembled, printed sheets; the book or magazine screening is that moiré patterns are no longer an cover is applied directly on top of the tacky issue. adhesive. Ablation - Method of imaging digital proofs or CTP Address - (1) A character or group of characters that plates by vaporizing small amounts of material, identifies a particular part of computer storage or typically with a thermal laser. Also refers to the some other data source or destination. (2) In data process of writing data to optical memory with a communication, the unique code assigned to each laser that burns holes into thin metal film. device or workstation connected to a network. Abort - A computing command that instructs the Addressability - In a line of printed digital information system to abandon a program or ignore all data the number of positions per unit length, usually per transferred after a given point. inch, at which successive pixels are placed. Access - (1) A noun indicating the ability to log on to Against the Grain - At right angles to the direction of the Internet or another network. (2) A verb the grain of the paper. meaning to retrieve data from a hard drive or other physical storage medium or another Airbrush - A function of a color imaging system to add computer connected via network or modem. or remove printing ink of any value in a designated picture area. Alias - An alternate or duplicate label for a data Anilox - This inking system is commonly used in element in a computer system. For example, one flexographic presses. An elastomer-covered email address may have several aliases fountain roller runs in the ink pan and is adjustable representing different departments or individuals. against a contacting, engraved metering roll. Ink is On a Macintosh, an alias icon makes a program, such as Microsoft Word or QuarkXPress, accessible flooded into the engraved cells of the metering from different areas on the desktop instead of just roll, excess is doctored off by the wiping or where the actual program is stored. squeezing action of the fountain roll or a doctor Aliasing - A “staircase” or jagged effect that occurs blade, and that which remains beneath the surface when display resolution is too coarse to minimize of the metering roll is transferred to the printing the broken or crooked appearance of certain plates. electronic design elements. Aliasing is more visually pronounced in diagonal lines, curves and Anti-offset Powder - Finely powdered starch sprayed circles. on the printed surface of coated paper as sheets leave the press to prevent wet ink from Alpha Channel - An eight-bit channel reserved by transferring from the top of one sheet to the some image processing applications for masking or bottom of the next sheet. retaining additional color information. Antique Finish - A term describing the textured Alteration - Any change made by the customer after surface, usually on book and cover papers, which copy or artwork has been given to the service have a naturally rough finish. bureau, separator or printer. The change could be in copy, specifications, or both. Also called AA, Antivirus Program - The essential software that is author alteration or customer alteration. used to detect and destroy rogue applications designed to damage a computer. Amberlith - The orange or red acetate material that artists cut into elements or shapes to put on areas Application Files - The files that contain the data of keylines indicating where halftones, tints, etc., created by software programs; also called data are to be positioned. Also called rubylith. files. Analog - Of a circuit or device having an output that is Application Program - The computer software proportional to the input. Not binary. designed to perform actual jobs as opposed to the system programs that manage equipment Analog Device - A computer or other device that uses operation. continuous signals of varying intensity rather than digital signals that can only be "on" or "off." Some Applications Program Interface (API) - System color scanners use hardwired electronic circuits to software that allows computer programmers to perform analog color correction and tone create interface features or, in a network, reproduction, while other scanners use digital data determine how the various features will be used. to perform similar functions. Aqueous Coating - Water based coating applied like Analog Workflow - Traditional workflow that relies ink by a printing press to protect and enhance the heavily on film and photosensitive materials and printed surface. processes. Page 2 Printing Industry Midwest - Glossary of Print Archival - (1) A document that can be expected to be Artifact - A visible defect in an electronic image, kept permanently as closely as possible to its caused by limitations in the reproduction process original form. An archival document medium is one (hardware or software). Aliasing patterns are an that can be "expected" to retain permanently its example of artifacts. original characteristics (such expectations may or may not prove to be realized in actual practice). A Artwork – comprehensive - Design produced primarily document published in such a medium can be to give the client an approximate idea of what the printed piece will look like. Alternative terms: expected to resist deterioration. Permanent paper is manufactured to resist chemical action so as to comprehensive; comp. retard the effects of aging as determined by Ascender - The part of a lower case letter which rises precise technical specifications. (2) Data preserved above the main body, as in “b” or “d”. in its original state for a long period of time. The definition of length is flexible - anywhere from five ASCII (American Standard Code for Information to more than 100 years - depending on the storage Interchange) - The international standard codes medium. that are used by most computers to symbolize letters, numbers, punctuation and certain special Archival Image - An image meant to have lasting commands. utility. An "archival" digital image is generally an image kept stored. Assembling - Collecting individual sheets or signatures into a complete set with pages in proper sequence Archival Standards - The standards to be met by a and alignment. Assembling is followed by binding. type of recording material or process in order for this material to have and retain specified Asset Management - Wrapper formats must support characteristics necessary for permanent records. indirect references to content ‹ that is, references to objects which are themselves references to Archival Storage - The long-term storage of image Content. This is a basic requirement used to information on photographic, magnetic, or other support all manner of different material media. management systems. Effective asset management Archive - (1) A group of compressed computer files. is required by the users. This may be provided by (2) A repository specifically designed for either manual or automatic methods as appropriate. Wrapper referencing of Content can preservation, storage, display and use of archival records. (3) A collection of permanently valuable work most effectively where automation tools are historical records documenting a particular subject provided for storage administration tasks and to ensure cohesive referencing when files are moved or activity or transaction. Also the repository where such a collection is kept. (4) A repository or copied. that intends to preserve information for access and Assets - Things that a user sees or hears, e.g., bit map, use by one or more Designated Communities. audio ,text. Audit Trail - An established method for tracing the changes made to pictorial or text data during each stage of processing. Page 3 Printing Industry Midwest - Glossary of Print Augmented Reality (AR) - AR technologies join the Autotrace - A feature found in some graphics real and virtual worlds, providing a computer- programs that allows conversion of bitmapped modified view of reality to enhance clarity or images into an object oriented format. See also: interest. AR can place a virtual image in a live bitmap. experience, by pointing a computer or smart phone web camera at a code-embedded, high-contrast Background Processing - Procedure by which a image such as one printed on a page which triggers computer can execute one function, such as printing, while the user simultaneously executes a virtual holographic-type image that comes to life right before the viewer's eyes.
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