DOCSLIB.ORG

A Taxonomic Revision of the Malesian Species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Taxonomic Revision of the Malesian Species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) Blumea 57, 2012: 1–102 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651912X652012 A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) H. Zhu1, M.C. Roos2, C.E. Ridsdale2 Key words Abstract Based on herbarium collections, the Malesian species of the genus Lasianthus are revised. A total of 131 species including 5 subspecies and 6 varieties are recognized from the Malesian region, of which 41 species, Lasiantheae 3 subspecies and 3 varieties are described as new, and 3 new combinations are made for varieties. 22 species Lasianthus names and 15 variety names are reduced to synonyms. Ten species names and 2 varieties are treated as dubious Malesia mainly because their types cannot be traced. Additionally, 11 species are further excluded from Lasianthus. All revision species are described and a key to Malesian Lasianthus is given. Rubiaceae Published on 29 May 2012 INTRODUCTION 1938. Since 1950, many more specimens from the Malesian region have been collected, but a synopsis on the genus for Lasianthus Jack is a large genus of the Rubiaceae with more Malesia has not been made so far, except for two regional flora than 180 species, predominantly in the Old World. The great- treatments, i.e. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) for Java (treat- est species diversity is found in tropical Asia (Robbrecht 1988), ing 29 species including 2 provisional names) and Wong (1989) where some 160 species occur, only one extending into Aus- for the Peninsular Malaysia (dealing with 54 species including 8 tralia. The species of the genus occur almost exclusively in the unnamed ones). Therefore, the present revision of Lasianthus understory of primary forests, and have limited potential for from Malesia is most needed. Here we recognize 131 species physiological acclimation to high light levels (Cai et al. 2005). from the Malesian region, of which 41 species, 3 subspecies There are occasionally records from secondary or seriously and 3 varieties are described as new, and 3 new combinations disturbed forests or forest edges. Lasianthus species are usu- are made for varieties. 22 species names and 15 variety names ally present in large numbers in the tropical forests of Asia and are reduced to synonyms. 10 species names and 2 varieties may therefore represent an ecologically important element. are treated as dubious mainly because their types could not be The species of Lasianthus also show interesting distribution traced. Additionally, 11 species are excluded from Lasianthus. patterns, which are of special interest for the study of the bio- geography of tropical Asia and of prevailing speciation models in tropical rainforests. METHODS The tropical Asian representatives of the genus are regarded This paper is a classic taxonomic revision on the genus La­ to be extremely difficult taxonomically. The flowers and fruits sianthus for Malesian species based mainly on morphological are small and often shed from herbarium specimens. There are characters. The authors examined all collections from the only a few diagnostic characters available for delineating the Malesian region in AAU, BM, K, L, and U, and a selection of the species and the majority of the characters used are quantitative Malesian collections in the herbaria BKF, KEP, MO, and SING. features of the vegetative organs such as leaves, stipules, and Type specimens in C, E, HBG, NY, P, SING, US have also been bracts. It is therefore difficult to correctly determine a species checked. The species presentation is in alphabetical order. by referring to old descriptions only. In most herbaria that we The arrangement of synonyms is organized chronologically in visited, misidentifications of Lasianthus specimens were fre- homotypic paragraphs. All cited specimens are examined by quent. Quite some earlier species and even newly recognized the authors except a few type specimens which are indicated species have been described from a single type collection or as ‘n.v.’. a few collections only. Some types of Korthals’ species, which In total, all c. 3 600 specimens in K and L were examined. should be in Leiden, could not be traced, while others were Additional specimens from AAU received on loan were also destroyed in Berlin during the World War II. Even the holotype examined. More than 95 % of the Lasianthus collections in K of the type species of the genus L. cyanocarpus was destroyed and L have been identified for the present study. A small number by a fire in 1824 (Merrill 1952). of specimens, which do not belong to the species presently About 140 species names and numerous varieties were pub- recognized, could not be treated because of imperfect state lished based on Malesian collections (see below, Taxonomic (lacking complete flowers or fruits). All published names from History). All of these names except two were published before the Malesian region are covered in the present work. Nomen- clature and typification follow the International Code of Botanical 1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, P.R. China; Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006). Lectotypifications for some corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. of Blume’s species are made. Neotypifications are also made 2 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden Uni- for some species of which we could not trace type materials versity, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. and which are most probably lost. © 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 2 Blumea – Volume 57 / 1, 2012 TAXONOMIC HISTORY Lasianthus as defined here has drupes or pyrenes with a thick wall. Species that show drupes with a thin wall (and do not Generic delimitation belong to Saprosma nor Amaracarpus), are here treated as Lasianthus Jack was established in 1823 based on two Su- dubious taxa. Their systematic position needs further study. matran species, Lasianthus cyanocarpus (later selected as Piesschaert (2001) studied the carpology of Psychotrieae and the type of the genus; see below) and Lasianthus attenuatus. gave a definition of Lasianthus as having a gynoecium with In the same year Blume (1823) listed several plant species 4–12 locules that develops into a drupe with 4–12 pyrenes. In under the genus name Mephitidia attributed to Reinwardt but our present treatment, we restrict Lasianthus to species with described one species M. hexandra himself. The genus was re- drupes with 2–9 mature pyrenes with a thick wall that develop described two years later by Reinwardt (1825), but no species from ovaries with 2–9 locules for the Asian representatives. were mentioned by him. According to the International Code Petit (1964) and Denys (1981) discussed that African species of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006), the genus have pyrenes with a pre-formed oval to circular germination Mephitidia is attributed to Reinwardt ex Blume with M. hexandra lid that could easily removed. However, for Asian species, few Blume as type. Blume (1826–1827) realized that Mephitidia was studies of the germination lids of pyrenes have been carried out. synonymous with Lasianthus Jack and provided accounts of the Javanese species. Mephitidia continued to be used by some Delimitation of the species authors because they were aware of an earlier publication of The African taxa have to some extent been treated by Verdcourt Lasianthus Adans. (= Gordonia) for a genus in the Theaceae. (1976) for tropical East Africa. Denys (1981) revised the genus De Candolle (1830) was the most significant of these authors for Central Africa. There seems to be less work on the three and Korthals (1851) was the last author to use Mephitidia for the American species, however, Robbrecht (1982) commented upon Malesian species in taxonomic publications. Later, Lasianthus two of these on the occasion of a discussion of the synonymy Jack has been conserved for the genus treated here. of the Panamanian endemic genus Dressleriopsis. Blume (1823) described from Java a monotypic genus Lito­ Important for mainland SE Asia is the work of Hooker (1880) santhes, which is closely related to Lasianthus. Inherently who recognized some 52 species and placed them all in a sub- Ridley (1923a) reduced this genus to a section of Lasianthus, generic classification (see below, Infrageneric Classification). however Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) retained Litosanthes Subsequently regional flora accounts were produced for former as a separate genus based on three characters: imbricate co- ‘Indo-Chine’ (Pitard 1924) and for Thailand (Craib 1934). Later rolla, forked stipules, and pedunculate inflorescences. Deb & Yamazaki (1964) revised the genus for the Ryukyu Islands Gangopadhyay (1991) transferred some Indian taxa to Litosan­ and Liu & Chao (1964) treated the Taiwanese species. Zhu thes, but subsequently Gangopadhyay & Chakrabarty (1992) (1994, 2002) treated the Chinese Lasianthus and then revised reduced these taxa of Litosanthes to a section of Lasianthus the genus for Thailand (Zhu 2001b). The taxa from the Indian (see section below). subcontinent have received considerable attention in recent The circumscription of Lasianthus Jack was more or less modi- years: Deb & Gangopadhyay (1989, 1991) for India and Rids- fied by later authors, especially referring to the number of ovary dale (1998) for Sri Lanka.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Homona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 549–557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODINGBlackwell Publishing Ltd DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,* SCOTT E. MILLER,† GREGORY P. SETLIFF,‡ KAROLYN DARROW,† NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERT¶ and GEORGE D. WEIBLEN** *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, †National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, ‡Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,¶Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Five New Combinations and One New Name in Rubiaceae from South-East Asia
    BLUMEA 50: 575–578 Published on 14 December 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X622860 FIVE NEW COMBINATIONS AND ONE NEW NAME IN RUBIACEAE FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA AARON P. DAVIS & MARKUS RUHSAM The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom SUMMARY Five new combinations and one new name are proposed for six Rubiaceae species from South-East Asia. Four new combinations are proposed in Cyclophyllum and one in Psychotria; a new name is proposed for one Psychotria species. Key words: Amaracarpus, Canthium, Cyclophyllum, Plectronia, Psychotria, Rubiaceae, South-East Asia. INTRODUCTION Taxonomic studies in the Rubiaceae by Bridson (1987) and Davis & Bridson (2004) enumerate species for which new combinations are needed. Herein we take the oppor- tunity to propose five new combinations and one new name (nomen novum), as based on the aforementioned studies, viz. Cyclophyllum caudatum (Valeton) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. longiflorum (Valeton) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. novoguineensis (Miq.) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. valetonianum (S. Moore) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, Psychotria montisgiluwensis A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, and P. montisstellaris (P. Royen) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam. NEW COMBINATIONS IN CYCLOPHYLLUM Cyclophyllum Hook.f. (Vanguerieae Dumort.) is a genus restricted to SE Asia, Aus- tralasia and the Pacific (see Bridson 1987: 614, map 1). Bridson (1987: 616) lists eight species of Canthium Lam. that should be considered for transfer to Cyclophyllum, viz. Canthium barbatum (Forst.) Seem., C. brevipes Merr. & L.M. Perry, C. caudatum (Valeton) S. Moore, C. coprosmoides F. Muell., C. costatum C.T. White, C. longi- florum (Valeton) Merr. & L.M.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rubiaceae), a New Genus from Southeast Asia
    Phytotaxa 202 (4): 273–278 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5 Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia HUA ZHU* Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, P.R. China *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract The new genus Paralasianthus is described from South-East Asia. Five species are recognised in the genus, four of which required new combinations, P. brevipes, P. dichotomus, P. lowianus and P. hainanensis, and one is described as a new species, P. zhengyianus. A key to the species is presented. Key words: Paralasianthus, new genus, Rubiaceae, South East Asia Introduction The circumscription of Lasianthus Jack (1823: 125) has been modified by different authors, especially with regards to the number of ovary locules or pyrenes (Zhu et al. 2012). Jack (1823) described Lasianthus with a 4-locular ovary and a single, erect, basal ovule in each locule, which normally develops into a drupe with 4 pyrenes. Based on Malesian species Blume (1826) expanded Jack’s delimitation and defined Lasianthus as having 4–9-locular ovaries and drupes with 4–9 pyrenes. Korthals (1851) established Mephitidia subgen. Dysosmia (Korthals 1851: 224) based on a Javan species, M. dichotoma Korthals (1851: 224), which had a 2-locular ovary and a compressed, 2-pyrenate drupe with a thin wall. Miquel (1859) raised it to generic rank as Dysosmia (Korthals 1851: 224 ) Miquel (1859: 314), and returned Lasianthus Jack to Blume’s definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu
    SUMMARY REPORT ON FORESTS OF THE MATAQALI NADICAKE KILAKA, KUBULAU DISTRICT, BUA, VANUA LEVU By Gunnar Keppel (Biology Department, University of the South Pacific) INTRODUCTION I was approached by Dr. David Olson of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to assess the type, status and quality of the forest in Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu. I initially spent 2 days, Friday (28/10/2005) afternoon and the whole of Saturday (29/10/2005), in Kubulau district. This invitation was the result of interest by some landowning family clans (mataqali) to protect part of their land and the offer by WCS to assist in reserving part of their land for conservation purposes. On Friday I visited two forest patches (one logged about 40 years ago and another old-growth) near the coast and Saturday walking through the forests in the center of the district. Because of the scarcity of data obtained (and because the forest appeared suitable for my PhD research), I decided to return to the district for a more detailed survey of the northernmost forests of Kubulau district from Saturday (12/11/2005) to Tuesday (22/11/2005). Upon returning, I found out that the mataqali Nadicake Nadi had abandoned plans to set up a reserve and initiated steps to log their forests. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on the land of the mataqali Nadicake Kilaka only. My objectives were the following: 1) to determine the types of vegetation present 2) to produce a checklist of the flora and, through this list, identify rare and threatened species in the reserve 3) to undertake a quantitative survey of the northernmost forests (lowland tropical rain forest) by setting up 4 permanent 50 ×50m plots 4) to assess the status of the forests 5) to determine the state and suitability of the proposed reserve 6) to assess possible threats to the proposed reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rubiaceae) Wright Amaracarpus (E.G. Perry, Separated from Amaracarpus by (Characters for Amaracarpus Are Given in Parenthese
    BLUMEA 46 (2001) 421-446 A taxonomic revision of the genus Dolianthus (Rubiaceae) Aaron+P. Davis & Diane+M. Bridson Summary A taxonomic revision of Dolianthus C.H. Wright(Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae) is presented, including full distribution and list of examined. Eleven a key to species, descriptions, maps, a specimens transferred species are from Amaracarpus to Dolianthus, resulting in ten new combinations. Two species are described as new to science: D. kairoi and D. ovatifolius. In total, thirteen species are included in Dolianthus. Dolianthus is endemic to the highlands (montaneto subalpine and alpine zones) of Papua New Guinea. Key words : Amaracarpus, Dolianthus, Psychotria, Psychotrieae, Papua New Guinea. Introduction DolianthusC.H. included in Wright was formerly Amaracarpus (e.g. Merrill& Perry, 1946; Van Royen, 1973), but morphological studies show that it is a distinct genus (Davis & Bridson, in prep.). Dolianthus can be separated from Amaracarpus by at least six characters for (characters Amaracarpus are given in parentheses): sympodial shootarchitecture leaves (monopodial); arranged in many planes (in one plane); termi- nal inflorescences(axillary); pentamerous flowers (predominately tetramerous); large multi-coloured brightly or corollas, e.g. blue and yellow (small and white); anthers positioned above the ring of corolla throat hairs (within). Dolianthus differs from Psychotria L. s.s. (Davis et al., 2001) mainly due to the colour of its flowers and the position ofthe anthers in the corolla tube (see above). MATERIALS AND METHODS Herbarium material was consulted from the following herbaria; A, B, BM, BO, K, L, NY, SING, and US. The measurements, colours and other details given in the de- scriptions are based on herbariumspecimens, or data derived from field notes.
    [Show full text]
  • Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a New Genus from Southeast Asia
    Phytotaxa 202 (4): 273–278 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5 Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia HUA ZHU* Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, P.R. China *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract The new genus Paralasianthus is described from South-East Asia. Five species are recognised in the genus, four of which required new combinations, P. brevipes, P. dichotomus, P. lowianus and P. hainanensis, and one is described as a new species, P. zhengyianus. A key to the species is presented. Key words: Paralasianthus, new genus, Rubiaceae, South East Asia Introduction The circumscription of Lasianthus Jack (1823: 125) has been modified by different authors, especially with regards to the number of ovary locules or pyrenes (Zhu et al. 2012). Jack (1823) described Lasianthus with a 4-locular ovary and a single, erect, basal ovule in each locule, which normally develops into a drupe with 4 pyrenes. Based on Malesian species Blume (1826) expanded Jack’s delimitation and defined Lasianthus as having 4–9-locular ovaries and drupes with 4–9 pyrenes. Korthals (1851) established Mephitidia subgen. Dysosmia (Korthals 1851: 224) based on a Javan species, M. dichotoma Korthals (1851: 224), which had a 2-locular ovary and a compressed, 2-pyrenate drupe with a thin wall. Miquel (1859) raised it to generic rank as Dysosmia (Korthals 1851: 224 ) Miquel (1859: 314), and returned Lasianthus Jack to Blume’s definition.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Floral Morphology and Development in Houstonia Procumbens (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSTONIA PROCUMBENS (RUBIACEAE), A UNIQUELY DISTYLOUS, CLEISTOGAMOUS SPECIES By ERIC JONES A dissertation submitted to the Department of Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Eric Jones defended this dissertation on June 11, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Austin Mast Professor Directing Dissertation Matthew Day University Representative Hank W. Bass Committee Member Wu-Min Deng Committee Member Alice A. Winn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I hereby dedicate this work and the effort it represents to my parents Leroy E. Jones and Helen M. Jones for their love and support throughout my entire life. I have had the pleasure of working with my father as a collaborator on this project and his support and help have been invaluable in that regard. Unfortunately my mother did not live to see me accomplish this goal and I can only hope that somehow she knows how grateful I am for all she’s done. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee for their guidance and support, in particular Austin Mast for his patience and dedication to my success in this endeavor, Hank W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plant Taxa of H.N. Ridley, 5. the Gentianales
    Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (2): 307–395. 2018 307 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(2).2018-08 The plant taxa of H.N. Ridley, 5. The Gentianales I.M. Turner1, 2, Y.W. Low2, M. Rodda2, K.M. Wong2 & D.J. Middleton2 1Singapore Botanical Liaison Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. [email protected] 2Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore ABSTRACT. Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956) described more than 450 taxa of Gentianales, mostly from Southeast Asia, and was the author of over 70 additional combinations in this order. A listing of these names with place of publication and the types of the Ridley basionyms is given here. Many names are lectotypified. The new combinations Chassalia pauciflora (Ridl.) I.M.Turner and Chassalia violascens (Ridl.) I.M.Turner are proposed for Cephaelis pauciflora Ridl. and Gartnera violascens Ridl. respecitively. Three names are newly reduced to synonymy: Cephaelis elongata Ridl. to Chassalia bracteata Ridl., Geophila matthewii Ridl. to Mussaenda uniflora Wall. ex G.Don and Psychotria setistipula Ridl. to Ixora patens Ridl. Keywords. Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae, lectotype, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, typification Introduction This paper continues an intermittent series on the plant taxa named by Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956). Earlier parts have covered the pteridophytes (Turner & Chin, 1998a), gymnosperms (Turner & Chin, 1998b), Zingiberales (Turner, 2000) and basal angiosperms (Austrobaileyales, Canellales, Chloranthales, Laurales, Magnoliales, Nymphaeales and Piperales) (Turner, 2012). In this installment focus shifts to the Gentianales. Ridley described many plant species, particularly from Southeast Asia. He documented the botanical diversity of the region tirelessly and seemed prepared to tackle all and any taxonomic group of vascular plants that came his way.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Hontona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7,549-557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODING DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Hontona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,*SCOTT E. MILLER,t GREGORY P. SETLIFFJ KAROLYN DARROW,t NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERTl andGEORGE D. WEIBLEN" *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, fNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, •^Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 F olwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,fDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Hontona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homo«« species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • WOOD ANATOMY of the PREDOMINANTLY AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVES of the TRIBE PSYCHOTRIEAE (RUBIACEAE-RUBIOIDEAE) Steven Janseni , Elma
    lAWA Journal, Vol. 18 (2),1997: 169-196 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE PREDOMINANTLY AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE TRIBE PSYCHOTRIEAE (RUBIACEAE-RUBIOIDEAE) by Steven Jansen i , Elmar Robbrecht2, Hans Beeckman3 & Erik Smets i SUMMARY Wood samples of representatives of Chassalia, Chazaliella, Gaertnera, Hymenocoleus, Pagamea and Psycho tria are examined. The generic delimitation of these predominantly African Psychotrieae, which is main­ ly based on fruit morphology, is compared with wood anatomical vari­ ation patterns. Part of the variation observed is related to habit, e. g. wide vessels in the tree species Psychotria dermatophylla. Other features do have systematic significance, as shown by a cluster analysis of the data obtained. The genus pair GaertneralPagamea differs obviously from the other genera and is wood anatomically clearly distinguished by the presence of fibre-tracheids and parenchyma bands. Chassalia, Chazali­ ella, Hymenocoleus and Psychotria have rather similar wood structure, although variation in vessel diameter, vessel arrangement, ray composi­ tion and axial parenchyma occurs. Several uncommon features are re­ corded: the presence of few to numerous openings in one oblique perforation plate, irregular reticulate perforation plates and multiple vessel-ray perforations with marked irregularity. Key words: African Psychotrieae, systematic wood anatomy, taxon­ omy, Rubiaceae. INTRODUCTION Although the Rubiaceae rank as the fourth largest angiosperm family and more than 80% of its genera are woody (Robbrecht 1988), the xylotomy of the family is under­ explored. Wood anatomy of the family has systematically been studied by Janssonius (1926) and by Koek-Noorman from 1969 onwards. The latter author clearly demon­ strated the taxonomic value of rubiaceous wood at the tribal level (Koek-Noorman 1977).
    [Show full text]
  • Five New Combinations and One New Name in Rubiaceae from South-East Asia
    BLUMEA 50: 575–578 Published on 14 December 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X622860 FIVE NEW COMBINATIONS AND ONE NEW NAME IN RUBIACEAE FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA AARON P. DAVIS & MARKUS RUHSAM The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom SUMMARY Five new combinations and one new name are proposed for six Rubiaceae species from South-East Asia. Four new combinations are proposed in Cyclophyllum and one in Psychotria; a new name is proposed for one Psychotria species. Key words: Amaracarpus, Canthium, Cyclophyllum, Plectronia, Psychotria, Rubiaceae, South-East Asia. INTRODUCTION Taxonomic studies in the Rubiaceae by Bridson (1987) and Davis & Bridson (2004) enumerate species for which new combinations are needed. Herein we take the oppor- tunity to propose five new combinations and one new name (nomen novum), as based on the aforementioned studies, viz. Cyclophyllum caudatum (Valeton) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. longiflorum (Valeton) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. novoguineensis (Miq.) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, C. valetonianum (S. Moore) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, Psychotria montisgiluwensis A.P. Davis & Ruhsam, and P. montisstellaris (P. Royen) A.P. Davis & Ruhsam. NEW COMBINATIONS IN CYCLOPHYLLUM Cyclophyllum Hook.f. (Vanguerieae Dumort.) is a genus restricted to SE Asia, Aus- tralasia and the Pacific (see Bridson 1987: 614, map 1). Bridson (1987: 616) lists eight species of Canthium Lam. that should be considered for transfer to Cyclophyllum, viz. Canthium barbatum (Forst.) Seem., C. brevipes Merr. & L.M. Perry, C. caudatum (Valeton) S. Moore, C. coprosmoides F. Muell., C. costatum C.T. White, C. longi- florum (Valeton) Merr. & L.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubiaceae) from the Southern Karst of Papua New Guinea: P
    Phytotaxa 24: 19–27 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Additional notes on Psychotria (Rubiaceae) from the southern karst of Papua New Guinea: P. defretesiana comb. et stat. nov., P. dieniensis var. banakii var. nov., and P. stevedarwiniana sp. nov. WAYNE TAKEUCHI Harvard University Herbaria, c/o PNG Forest Authority, PNG Forest Research Institute, PO Box 314, Lae, Morobe Province 411, Papua New Guinea; email: [email protected] Abstract Psychotria dieniensis var. banakii and P. stevedarwiniana are described from limestone environments in the Muller Range of Papua New Guinea. Psychotria defretesiana (formerly a variety of P. leptothyrsa) is reinterpreted as a distinct species. Key words: doline karst, limestone, new species, Papua New Guinea, Psychotria, Rubiaceae Introduction With an estimated 120 species, Psychotria is one of the ten largest tracheophytic genera in New Guinea (Takeuchi 2007a). Geographic endemism is unusually high among its East Malesian representatives—only two species are known to range outside the Papuasian region (Sohmer 1988). All mainland Psychotria found predominantly in montane habitats (elevations above 1,000 m) are unique to New Guinea and its satellite islands. Psychotria diversity arguably decreases from east to west across New Guinea. Range-limited endemics (e.g., with occurrences restricted to only one side of the island) are more prevalent in the eastern forests of the mainland as opposed to the west (48 spp. vs. 11 spp.; in Sohmer 1988). The numerical contrast is not necessarily attributable to the disparity in collection densities (CD) between the geographic halves (CD at least 3x higher for the eastern side) but may be related to obvious differences in the number of terranes comprising the mountainous interior (cf.
    [Show full text]