Host Evolutionary Relationships Explain Tree Mortality Caused by a Generalist Pest- Pathogen Complex
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Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions. -
Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on /.../ A
BALTIC FORESTRY PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF AFRICAN COMBRETACEAE R. BR. BASED ON /.../ A. O. ONEFELY AND A. STANYS ARTICLES Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on rbcL Sequence ALFRED OSSAI ONEFELI*,1,2 AND VIDMANTAS STANYS2,3 1Department of Forest Production and Products, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, 200284 Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Erasmus+ Scholar, Institute of Agricultural and Food Science Vytautas Magnus University, Agricultural Aca- demy, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas district, Lithuania. 3Department of Orchard Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, LT-54333 Kaunas district, Lithuania. *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Phone number: +37062129627 Onefeli, A. O. and Stanys, A. 2019. Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on rbcL Se- quence. Baltic Forestry 25(2): 170177. Abstract Combretaceae R. Br. is an angiosperm family of high economic value. However, there is dearth of information on the phylogenetic relationship of the members of this family using ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene. Previous studies with electrophoretic-based and morphological markers revealed that this family is phylogenetically complex. In the present study, 79 sequences of rbcL were used to study the phylogenetic relationship among the members of Combretaceae of African origin with a view to provide more information required for the utilization and management of this family. Multiple Sequence alignment was executed using the MUSCLE component of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Version X Analysis (MEGA X). Transition/Transversion ratio, Consistency index, Retention Index and Composite Index were also determined. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor joining methods. -
TAXON:Halleria Lucida L. SCORE:8.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Halleria lucida L. SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Halleria lucida L. Family: Stilbaceae Common Name(s): African honeysuckle Synonym(s): Halleria abyssinica Jaub. & Spach notsung tree fuchsia white olive Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 22 Jan 2018 WRA Score: 8.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Naturalized, Fast-Growing, Suckers, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 22 Jan 2018 (Halleria lucida L.) Page 1 of 16 TAXON: Halleria lucida L. -
Combretaceae: Phylogeny, Biogeography and DNA
COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). Combretaceae: Phylogeny, Biogeography and DNA Barcoding by JEPHRIS GERE THESIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the Faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg December 2013 Supervisor: Prof Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisor: Dr Olivier Maurin Declaration I declare that this thesis has been composed by me and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own. _____________________ J. Gere (December 2013) Table of contents Table of contents i Abstract v Foreword vii Index to figures ix Index to tables xv Acknowledgements xviii List of abbreviations xxi Chapter 1: General introduction and objectives 1.1 General introduction 1 1.2 Vegetative morphology 2 1.2.1 Leaf morphology and anatomy 2 1.2.2. Inflorescence 3 1.2.3 Fruit morphology 4 1.3 DNA barcoding 5 1.4 Cytology 6 1.5 Fossil record 7 1.6 Distribution and habitat 7 1.7 Economic Importance 8 1.8 Taxonomic history 9 1.9 Aims and objectives of the study 11 i Table of contents Chapter 2: Molecular phylogeny of Combretaceae with implications for infrageneric classification within subtribe Terminaliinae. -
Proximate Analyses and Amino Acid Composition of Selected Wild Indigenous Fruits of Southern Africa
plants Article Proximate Analyses and Amino Acid Composition of Selected Wild Indigenous Fruits of Southern Africa Nozipho P. Sibiya 1, Eugenie Kayitesi 2,3 and Annah N. Moteetee 1,* 1 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, DFC Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; [email protected] 3 Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A literature survey revealed that several wild indigenous Southern African fruits had previously not been evaluated for their proximate and amino acid composition, as well as the total energy value (caloric value). Fourteen species including Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Dovyalis caffra, Halleria lucida, Manilkara mochisia, Pappea capensis, Phoenix reclinata, and Syzygium guineense were analyzed in this study. The nutritional values for several species such as C. edulis, H. lucida, P. reclinata, and M. mochisia are being reported here for the first time. The following fruits had the highest proximate values: C. macrocarpa (ash at 20.42 mg/100 g), S. guineense (fat at 7.75 mg/100 g), P. reclinata (fiber at 29.89 mg/100 g), and H. lucida (protein at 6.98 mg/100 g and carbohydrates at 36.98 mg/100 g). Essential amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine were reported in all studied indigenous fruits. The high protein content in H. -
SABONET Report No 18
ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone. -
Kirstenbosch NBG List of Plants That Provide Food for Honey Bees
Indigenous South African Plants that Provide Food for Honey Bees Honey bees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honey bee forages for nectar and pollen, it transfers pollen from one flower to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the plant to reproduce. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-Western Cape, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa This list is primarily Western Cape, but does have application elsewhere. When planting, check with a local nursery for subspecies or varieties that occur locally to prevent inappropriate hybridisations with natural veld species in your vicinity. Annuals Gazania spp. Scabiosa columbaria Arctotis fastuosa Geranium drakensbergensis Scabiosa drakensbergensis Arctotis hirsuta Geranium incanum Scabiosa incisa Arctotis venusta Geranium multisectum Selago corymbosa Carpanthea pomeridiana Geranium sanguineum Selago canescens Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum argyrophyllum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ carpenter bees) Helichrysum cymosum Senecio glastifolius Dimorphotheca -
African Continent a Likely Origin of Family Combretaceae (Myrtales)
Annual Research & Review in Biology 8(5): 1-20, 2015, Article no.ARRB.17476 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org African Continent a Likely Origin of Family Combretaceae (Myrtales). A Biogeographical View Jephris Gere 1,2*, Kowiyou Yessoufou 3, Barnabas H. Daru 4, Olivier Maurin 2 and Michelle Van Der Bank 2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura Zimbabwe. 2Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, P.O.Box 524, South Africa. 3Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida campus, Florida 1710, South Africa. 4Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author JG designed the study, wrote the protocol and interpreted the data. Authors JG, OM, MVDB anchored the field study, gathered the initial data and performed preliminary data analysis. While authors JG, KY and BHD managed the literature searches and produced the initial draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2015/17476 Editor(s): (1) George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Musharaf Khan, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. (2) Ma Nyuk Ling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. (3) Andiara Silos Moraes de Castro e Souza, São Carlos Federal University, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/11778 Received 16 th March 2015 Accepted 10 th April 2015 Original Research Article Published 9th October 2015 ABSTRACT Aim : The aim of this study was to estimate divergence ages and reconstruct ancestral areas for the clades within Combretaceae. -
Descriptive Part 145
BLUMEA 25 (1979) 141-223 Wood anatomy oftheCombretaceae G.J.C.M. van Vliet Hortus Botanicus, Plantage Middenlaan 2, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Summary The wood ofall of the Combretaceae is described in detail anatomy genera (Meiostemonexcepted) on 19 data the basis of 120 samples representing 90 species from genera. Additional from the literature are added. The structural variation of the vestured pits is described and classified. There aretwo main types, of which the distribution follows the subfamilyclassification. Consideringthe overall wood anatomy, the recognition of two subfamilies: Strephonematoideae (Strephonema only) and Combretoideae (all of its of remaining genera) can be supported. Strephonema stands out on account fibre-tracheids, type vesturing and parenchyma distribution pattern. Within Combretoideae, one group of genera (subtribe Combretinae sensuExell & Stace)stands out markedly on account of their radial vessels, a uniquefeature known in other and distinct size classes of vessel elements. The not to occur any plant group, two remaining genera, belongingto the tribe Laguncularieaeand subtribes Terminaliinae and Pteleopsidinae of tribe Combreteae show a wide overlap in wood anatomical features. The Laguncularieae differ in the ratio of vessel member to fibre length, Terminaliinae and Pteleopsidinae cannot be separated wood anatomically. Although difficult to interpret phylogenetically, arguments are brought forward to consider Strephonema ashaving the most primitive wood structure and the Combretinae to have the most derived wood. Variation in some quantitative characters such as vessel member length is shown to be at least partly correlated with ecological conditions of the taxa involved. Wood anatomical differences between lianas and discussed. the of the Combretaceae and erect species are Synoptical keys to genera to the species studied of Terminalia are given. -
A Conspectus of Combretum (Combretaceae) in Southern Africa, with Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Species and Sections
Bothalia 41,1: 135–160 (2011) A conspectus of Combretum (combretaceae) in southern Africa, with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on species and sections M . JORDAAN*†, A .E . VAN WYK** and O . MAURIN*** Keywords: Combretaceae, Combretum Loefl ., lectotypification, phylogeny, sections, southern Africa, taxonomy ABSTRACT Two subgenera of Combretum Loefl . occur in the Flora of southern Africa (FSA) region . Previous sectional classifica- tions were assessed in view of molecular evidence and accordingly modified . Ten sections in subgen . Combretum, 25 species and eight subspecies are recognized . Subgen . Cacoucia (Aubl .) Exell & Stace comprises four sections and seven species. C. engleri Schinz, C. paniculatum Vent . and C. tenuipes Engl . & Diels are reinstated as distinct species separate from C. schu- mannii Engl ., C . microphyllum Klotzsch and C. padoides Engl . & Diels, respectively . C. schumannii occurs outside the FSA region . Records of C. adenogonium Steud . ex A .Rich ., C. platypetalum Welw . ex M .A .Lawson subsp . oatesii (Rolfe) Exell and subsp . baumii (Engl . & Gilg) Exell in Botswana are doubtful . C. celastroides Welw . ex M .A .Lawson subsp . orientale Exell is elevated to species level as C. patelliforme Engl . & Diels . C. grandifolium F .Hoffm . is reduced to C. psidioides Welw . subsp . grandifolium (F .Hoffm .) Jordaan . Twenty-six names are lectotypified . The type, a full synonymy, other nomenclatural and taxonomic information, the full distribution range and a distribution map are provided for each taxon . Selected specimens examined are given for poorly known species . Keys to subgenera, sections and species are provided . CONTENTS Acknowledgements . 156 Abstract . 135 References . 156 Introduction . 135 Index . 158 Materials and method . 136 Taxonomy . 136 Key to the southern African subgenera of Combretum 136 INTRODUCTION A . -
De Zalze Plant List
DE ZALZE ESTATE REGENERATIVE PLANT LIST - 20 AUGUST 2020 Groundcovers Grasses Restios Ferns Bulbs Succulents Climbers Shrubs Shrubs / small Trees PLANTLIST HOUSES: KLIPHEUWEL - WHITE PLANTING COMPLETED trees Low growing flowering plants Agapanthus africanus 'Albus' (white) African lily (Albus) Coleonema album Cape May Hypoestes aristata (White) Ribbon bush Myrsine africana Cape Myrtle Pelargonium peltatum (white) Ivy-leaved Pelargonium Plectranthus verticillatus Money plant Plumbago auriculata (white) Cape Leadwort Scabiosa drakensbergensis (white) Drakensberg Scabious Watsonia borbonica 'Snow Queen' White Bugle Lily PLANTLIST HOUSES: GENERAL Trees Acokanthera oppositifolia Bushman's Poison Canthium mundianum (= Afrocanthium gilfillanii) Rock Alder Celtis africana White stinkwood Diospyros whyteana Bladder-Nut Kiggelaria africana Wild Peach Nuxia floribunda Forest Elder Olea europaea subsp. africana Wild Olive Pittosporum viridiflorum White Cape Beech Rapanea melanophloeos Cape Beech Rothmannia capensis Wild Gardenia Rothmannia globosa September Bells Sideroxylon inerme White Milkwood Zanthoxylum capense Small Knobwood Small Trees/Shrubs Buddleja saligna (shade) False Olive Buddleja salviifolia (sun) Sagewood Burchellia bubalina Wild Pomegranate Buxus macowanii African Box Cassine peragua Cape Saffron Crotalaria capensis Cape Rattle-Pod Dais cotinifolia Pompon Tree Diospyros glabra Fynbos Star-apple Grewia occidentalis Cross-Berry Gymnosporia buxifolia Spikethorn Halleria lucida Tree Fuchsia Indigofera natalensis Forest Indigo Maurocenia