DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydro Turbines Generate Power from Excess Head

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydro Turbines Generate Power from Excess Head CORNELL PUMP COMPANY HYDRO TURBINES GENERATE POWER FROM EXCESS HEAD EFFICIENT BY DESIGN CORNELL HYDRO TURBINES PUT EXCESS HEAD TO WORK FOR YOU per minute can produce useable energy. Cornell’s high Industrial plants, municipalities, HVAC installations, and turbine efficiency is often found to be comparable with farms are tapping potential hydraulic energy sources specially-built imported turbines. They are less complex, to produce electric power as a revenue source, or as a easier to install and require less maintenance. Cornell means to reduce overall energy demands. The key to turbines are available in a wide range of configurations the system is the use of excess head to drive a turbine. and mounting styles. Cornell’s approach to turbine The turbine may be used to drive a pump, a generator, applications has generated many new and innovative or other power-requiring device. This technology makes design features, resulting in unexpectedly high it feasible for cities, farmers, resort managers, industrial performance. plants and building managers to consider hydro turbines CORNELL SUPPORT FROM THE START in their plant power needs. Studies show that a turbine, This high performance can be documented by actual driven by water from a natural stream or process performance tests on ordered units, conducted in stream, can generate enough electric power to pay for Cornell’s modern hydraulic lab under controlled itself in a short time. conditions, by professional engineers. Let Cornell staff LOW-MAINTENANCE, engineers and sales staff provide specialty application HIGH EFFICIENCY DESIGNS and selections assistance. Whether your needs are demanding, requiring turbines in series or parallel, or You don’t need a raging river to take advantage of the utilize a single unit, Cornell will assist in your selection of energy savings a Cornell hydro turbine can provide. a hydro turbine. Heads as low as 50 feet, and flows as low as 90 gallons TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS CORNELL GENERATOR TYPES CONTROLS INDUCTION Hydro turbines need to be equipped with a control The generator must be connected to an existing valve at the inlet of the turbine. This valve serves as an power grid. The speed is controlled by virtue of being isolation device and can be used to control the head and connected to the grid, the same way motor speed is flow through the turbine. The controls should include maintained. It requires an automatic disconnect from speed measuring devices. The control system should the grid for when grid power fails. be designed so that during normal operation electrical SYNCHRONOUS contact is made or broken at or near the generator nominal (no load) speed. When power fails, the control The generator is stand alone. It can be used where there system must break the electrical contact and close is no electrical grid nearby. It requires a load controller the inlet valve. It is advisable to contact your utility to (not provided by Cornell) to maintain standard speed, determine if there are any special requirements. voltage and phase. PRESSURE SURGE (WATER HAMMER) PROTECTION During grid power loss, a reaction turbine speeds up and the flow through it drops. The magnitude of the flow change depends on the turbine’s design and the operating conditions. The flow change may occur very rapidly (in a few seconds) and can cause a pressure surge (water hammer) that is strong enough to damage or destroy the turbine and piping. The pressure surge can be reduced by: Adding mass in the form of a flywheel Installing a quick opening bypass valve in parallel with the turbine A municipal installation of a 6TR2 using control valves on the turbine lines to throttle the water pressure and regulate power generation. CORNELL HYDRO TURBINES STANDARD TURBINE CONSTRUCTION Turbine Cast Iron, Bronze fitted is standard. Body Ductile Iron, Steel, Bronze, or Stainless Steel models also available. Seal Mechanical shaft seal is standard, packing is optional. Generator Standard ODP generator-optional TEFC. CLOSE-COUPLED, DOUBLE ENDED This assembly allows the turbine to reduce a pumping load. The pump and turbine share a common motor, with the turbine one end and the pump on the other. Both are close-coupled, with all the features to suit a special installation. Especially suited to HVAC installations. CLOSE-COUPLED FRAME-MOUNTED WITH GENERATOR A close-coupled design is the simplest of assemblies. A frame-mounted turbine can be coupled to a generator There is no coupling to align and it saves space. and assembled on a fabricated steel base. Available only with induction generators. HYDRO TURBINES CORNELL SIDE-BY-SIDE BELT DRIVE CLOSE-COUPLED VERTICAL WITH When space does not allow for a standard frame mount CUSTOM DRAFT TUBE unit, it may be possible to belt drive the generator. For added space saving or simplicity of manifolding, close-coupled, vertical mount with custom draft tube (available less draft tube for discharge manifold mounting). FRAME MOUNT DRIVING A PUMP CLOSE-COUPLED VERTICAL WITH BASE Especially useful when a low head, high flow water ELBOW source is available to provide power for a pump moving When floor space is at a premium, a vertical unit may be water to a higher elevation. the best option. CORNELL HYDRO TURBINES HYDRO TURBINE DATA WORKSHEET (for Preliminary Evaluation) PROJECT NAME CONTACT NAME ADDRESS PHONE EMAIL SITE INFORMATION WATER SOURCE STREAM RESERVOIR (USES ENTIRE SYSTEM HEAD) NET HEAD GROSS HEAD (INCLUDES FRICTION AVAILABLE FLOW (STATIC) LOSS) PENSTOCK DIAMETER PENSTOCK LENGTH PRESSURIZED SYSTEM (PRESSURE REDUCTION) OUTLET PRESSURE INLET PRESSURE DESIGN FLOW REQUIRED ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS INDUCTION (GRID INTERFACE) ODP MOTOR TYPE SYNCHRONOUS (STAND-ALONE) TEFC THREE 60 HZ VOLTAGE PHASE CYCLES (HERTZ) SINGLE 50HZ Complete this form online at www.cornellpump.com/hydro-turbine-worksheet for evaluation by Cornell staff. Two units in parallel between an inlet manifold above and outlet manifold below. HYDRO TURBINES CORNELL TURBINE SELECTION CHART - 00 RPM 500 00 kW SHOWN ASSUMES APPROXIMATE EFFICIENCY 00 00 T T T T T - T T HEAD IN FEET T - T 00 T kW 0 T T T - T 0 T 0 - T T T T 60 kW - T T 50 T kW T 0 TA kW T 0 . kW kW TA T kW 0 5 .5 . .5 .6 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 5 CUBIC FEET PER SECOND TURBINE SELECTION CHART - 00 RPM 000 00 00 kW SHOWN ASSUMES APPROXIMATE EFFICIENCY 00 600 500 00 - T T T T T T T 00 T T - T HEAD IN FEET T kW T T 00 - T T T - T T T kW T T 00 - T 0 TA T kW 0 0 - T T T 60 TA kW - T T kW - T T 50 0 kW . kW kW kW 0 .5 . .5 .6 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 5 CUBIC FEET PER SECOND MARKET AND PRODUCT LINE CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY AGRICULTURE FOOD PROCESS INDUSTRIAL MINING MUNICIPALITIES WATER TRANSFER REFRIGERATION DURAPRIME PUMPS IRRIGATION AND MANURE PUMPS HYDRAULIC FRACTURING / FOR OIL & GAS APPLICATIONS FOR GENERAL APPLICATIONS EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN AGRICULTURE FOOD PROCESS INDUSTRIAL MINING MUNICIPAL WATER REFRIGERATION CONSTRUCTION TRANSFER CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL N SERIES PUMPS SLURRY PUMPS SLURRY PUMPS MANURE PUMPS SELF-PRIMING PUMPS V-SERIES PUMPS MX SERIES FOR SOLIDS HANDLING HEAVY DUTY SM SERIES CUTTERSOLUTIONS TOPUMPS PLUGGING PROBLEMS STX, STL & STH SERIES FOR MEDIUM DUTY APPLICATIONS HIGH HEAD PUMPS INDUSTRY LEADING EFFICIENCY WITH CYCLOSEAL® SYSTEM IMAGE COURTESY OF PUCK CUSTOM ENTERPRISES EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENTEFFICIENT BY BYDESIGN DESIGN FIVE-YEAR EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN EFFICIENT BY DESIGN WARRANTY SLURRY SLURRY SM MANURE CUTTERS SELF PRIMING V SERIES MX SERIES N SERIES CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY CORNELL PUMP COMPANY Q-MAX END GUN CD4MCu ™ ® HYDRAULIC SUBS IMMERSIBLE RUN-DRY PRIMING SYSTEMS® CYCLOSEAL HIGH FLOW, LOW HEAD PUMPS BOOSTER PUMP FOR CORROSIVE & ABRASIVE APPLICATIONS REDI-PRIME AND VENTURI PRIME PATENTED LONG LASTING, LEAK-FREE FLUSHLESS SEALING SYSTEM FOR CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS • Models Available - 4NNT, 6NNT, 8NNT, etc. • Discharge Sizes Available - 4 to 8 inch • Standard Construction - Cast Iron, Class 30 • Optional Construction - 316SS, CD4MCU, Ductile Iron THE IMMERSIBLE MOTOR CONCEPT: • Permco hydraulic drive Immersible motors are designed to be used in dry-pit applications where there is a possibility of flooding. Why take a submersible motor that was FEATURES BENEFITS designed to run submerged 100% of the time and modify it to run in air 99% (or most of the time) and submerged 1% of the time (in case of a • Various adaptor plates available for hydraulic motor fit flood)? This seems backwards. The correct approach is to take a TEFC • Heavy duty shaft / bearing frame assembly motor that is designed to run in air 100% of the time and adapt it to run • Heavy duty “wet end” construction submerged 1% of the time (in case of a flood). • Manufactured in the United States IMMERSIBLE MOTOR BASIC DESIGN: The basic design of the immersible pump/motor incorporates a premium PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS efficient, inverter duty, P-Base or C-Face TEBC motor (totally enclosed, blower cooled). The motor, as the name implies, is totally enclosed • Premium Hydraulic Efficiencies, 76 to 80% BEP and cooled by a blower on top of the motor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Combustion Turbines
    Section 3. Technology Characterization – Combustion Turbines U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Combined Heat and Power Partnership March 2015 Disclaimer The information contained in this document is for information purposes only and is gathered from published industry sources. Information about costs, maintenance, operations, or any other performance criteria is by no means representative of EPA, ORNL, or ICF policies, definitions, or determinations for regulatory or compliance purposes. The September 2017 revision incorporated a new section on packaged CHP systems (Section 7). This Guide was prepared by Ken Darrow, Rick Tidball, James Wang and Anne Hampson at ICF International, with funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. Catalog of CHP Technologies ii Disclaimer Section 3. Technology Characterization – Combustion Turbines 3.1 Introduction Gas turbines have been in use for stationary electric power generation since the late 1930s. Turbines went on to revolutionize airplane propulsion in the 1940s, and since the 1990s through today, they have been a popular choice for new power generation plants in the United States. Gas turbines are available in sizes ranging from 500 kilowatts (kW) to more than 300 megawatts (MW) for both power-only generation and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. The most efficient commercial technology for utility-scale power plants is the gas turbine-steam turbine combined-cycle plant that has efficiencies of more than 60 percent (measured at lower heating value [LHV]35). Simple- cycle gas turbines used in power plants are available with efficiencies of over 40 percent (LHV). Gas turbines have long been used by utilities for peaking capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Energy Glossary: Technical Terms and Concepts Erik Edward Nordman Grand Valley State University, [email protected]
    Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Technical Reports Biology Department 6-1-2010 Wind Energy Glossary: Technical Terms and Concepts Erik Edward Nordman Grand Valley State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/bioreports Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Nordman, Erik Edward, "Wind Energy Glossary: Technical Terms and Concepts" (2010). Technical Reports. Paper 5. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/bioreports/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology Department at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The terms in this glossary are organized into three sections: (1) Electricity Transmission Network; (2) Wind Turbine Components; and (3) Wind Energy Challenges, Issues and Solutions. Electricity Transmission Network Alternating Current An electrical current that reverses direction at regular intervals or cycles. In the United States, the (AC) standard is 120 reversals or 60 cycles per second. Electrical grids in most of the world use AC power because the voltage can be controlled with relative ease, allowing electricity to be transmitted long distances at high voltage and then reduced for use in homes. Direct Current A type of electrical current that flows only in one direction through a circuit, usually at relatively (DC) low voltage and high current. To be used for typical 120 or 220 volt household appliances, DC must be converted to AC, its opposite. Most batteries, solar cells and turbines initially produce direct current which is transformed to AC for transmission and use in homes and businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource
    INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydropower Technologies Program — Harnessing America’S Abundant Natural Resources for Clean Power Generation
    U.S. Department of Energy — Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program — Harnessing America’s abundant natural resources for clean power generation. Contents Hydropower Today ......................................... 1 Enhancing Generation and Environmental Performance ......... 6 Large Turbine Field-Testing ............................... 9 Providing Safe Passage for Fish ........................... 9 Improving Mitigation Practices .......................... 11 From the Laboratories to the Hydropower Communities ..... 12 Hydropower Tomorrow .................................... 14 Developing the Next Generation of Hydropower ............ 15 Integrating Wind and Hydropower Technologies ............ 16 Optimizing Project Operations ........................... 17 The Federal Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program ..... 19 Mission and Goals ...................................... 20 2003 Hydropower Research Highlights Alden Research Center completes prototype turbine tests at their facility in Holden, MA . 9 Laboratories form partnerships to develop and test new sensor arrays and computer models . 10 DOE hosts Workshop on Turbulence at Hydroelectric Power Plants in Atlanta . 11 New retrofit aeration system designed to increase the dissolved oxygen content of water discharged from the turbines of the Osage Project in Missouri . 11 Low head/low power resource assessments completed for conventional turbines, unconventional systems, and micro hydropower . 15 Wind and hydropower integration activities in 2003 aim to identify potential sites and partners . 17 Cover photo: To harness undeveloped hydropower resources without using a dam as part of the system that produces electricity, researchers are developing technologies that extract energy from free flowing water sources like this stream in West Virginia. ii HYDROPOWER TODAY Water power — it can cut deep canyons, chisel majestic mountains, quench parched lands, and transport tons — and it can generate enough electricity to light up millions of homes and businesses around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • AP-42, Vol. I, 3.1: Stationary Gas Turbines
    3.1 Stationary Gas Turbines 3.1.1 General1 Gas turbines, also called “combustion turbines”, are used in a broad scope of applications including electric power generation, cogeneration, natural gas transmission, and various process applications. Gas turbines are available with power outputs ranging in size from 300 horsepower (hp) to over 268,000 hp, with an average size of 40,200 hp.2 The primary fuels used in gas turbines are natural gas and distillate (No. 2) fuel oil.3 3.1.2 Process Description1,2 A gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that operates with rotary rather than reciprocating motion. Gas turbines are essentially composed of three major components: compressor, combustor, and power turbine. In the compressor section, ambient air is drawn in and compressed up to 30 times ambient pressure and directed to the combustor section where fuel is introduced, ignited, and burned. Combustors can either be annular, can-annular, or silo. An annular combustor is a doughnut-shaped, single, continuous chamber that encircles the turbine in a plane perpendicular to the air flow. Can-annular combustors are similar to the annular; however, they incorporate several can-shaped combustion chambers rather than a single continuous chamber. Annular and can-annular combustors are based on aircraft turbine technology and are typically used for smaller scale applications. A silo (frame-type) combustor has one or more combustion chambers mounted external to the gas turbine body. Silo combustors are typically larger than annular or can-annular combustors and are used for larger scale applications. The combustion process in a gas turbine can be classified as diffusion flame combustion, or lean- premix staged combustion.
    [Show full text]
  • Horizontal Axis Water Turbine: Generation and Optimization of Green Energy
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 5 (2018) pp. 9-14 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Horizontal Axis Water Turbine: Generation and Optimization of Green Energy Disha R. Verma1 and Prof. Santosh D. Katkade2 1Undergraduate Student, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, (India) 1Corresponding author energy requirements. Governments across the world have been Abstract creating awareness about harnessing green energy. The The paper describes the fabrication of a Transverse Horizontal HAWT is a wiser way to harness green energy from the water. Axis Water Turbine (THAWT). THAWT is a variant of The coastal areas like Maldives have also been successfully Darrieus Turbine. Horizontal Axis Water Turbine is a turbine started using more of the energy using such turbines. The HAWT has been proved a boon for such a country which which harnesses electrical energy at the expense of water overwhelmingly depends upon fossil fuels for their kinetic energy. As the name suggests it has a horizontal axis of electrification. This technology has efficiently helped them to rotation. Due to this they can be installed directly inside the curb with various social and economic crisis [2]. The water body, beneath the flow. These turbines do not require complicated remote households and communities of Brazil any head and are also known as zero head or very low head have been electrified with these small hydro-kinetic projects, water turbines. This Project aims at the fabrication of such a where one unit can provide up to 2kW of electric power [11].
    [Show full text]
  • 8.3 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Efficiencies of Internal
    222 Energy systems 8.3 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Efficiencies of internal combustion engines are quite variable depending on type and size: 15 to 22% for small gas turbines (micro-GT), 35 - 40% for large modern gas turbines, 25 to 30% for small gas engines, and 35-45% for large diesel and gas engines. Moreover, the efficiency of reciprocating engines varies little with the rotation speed, while that of gas turbines, which operate at nearly constant air flow depends strongly on the load. Heat is rejected either in exhaust gases or by cooling water, according to a distribution that varies widely depending on the engine type, as shown in Tables 4.1 and 8.1 (you should refer to Chapters 2 and 3 for more details on the operation of internal combustion engines). TABLE 8.1 Power discharged by kW of useful power cooling water exhaust (T ≈ 80 - 100 °C) (T ≈ 400 - 500 °C) small gas engine 1.00 1.33 diesel 0.56 1.22 gas turbine 1.8 à 3.5 Moreover, the strong excess air (400%) used in gas turbines means that their exhaust gases contain a lot of oxygen (16 to 18% O2). It is therefore possible to exploit these gases (usually very clean, especially if the fuel used is natural gas), continuing the combustion processes in furnaces or boilers, or even using them directly as drying fluid. Given these characteristics, it is obvious that possible configurations are very diverse in terms of internal combustion engine cogeneration. 8.3.1 RECIPROCATING ENGINES The simplest and most common solution is the production of either hot water at a temperature of 100 °C, or superheated steam at 110-120 °C, as auxiliary to a classical boiler (Figure 8.3.1).
    [Show full text]
  • External Combustion Engines: Prospects for Vehicular Application
    EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: PROSPECTS FOR VEHICULAR APPLICATION Roy A. Renner, California steam Bus Project, International Research and Technology Corporation, San Ramon, California External combustion engines are discussed as possible alternatives to the internal combustion engine for vehicle propulsion. Potential advantages are low levels of exhaust pollution, quiet operation, high starting torque, and possible lower costs during a vehicle lifetime. Present experience with the California steam Bus Project indicates that competitive road per­ formance is obtainable with steam-powered city buses, but fuel consump­ tion is higher than with a diesel engine. Opportunities remain open for the evolutionary improvement of thermal efficiency. Logical early applica­ tions include stop-and-go fleet vehicles. •GASOLINE and diesel engines have been preferred prime movers for motor vehicles during a period of many years. Despite the almost universal application of the internal combusion engine (ICE), the criteria for vehicular power plants are now being seriously reexamined. Alternatives to the ICE are being reconsidered in a new light (1, 2). The external combusion engine (ECE), of which the steam engine is the best known 0 xample, has been in use for more than 200 years. steam power was popular for auto- _obiles at the turn of this century. Prior to 1910, it was considered to be superior to the ICE for automobile propulsion in every way except first cost and convenience. Even then, the steam car was noted for its quietness and clean exhaust; freedom from gear shifting was also a decided advantage. Now that air pollution, noise, and congestion are factors no longer to be ignored, both the role of the vehicle and its source of power are being evaluated anew.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversible Pump Turbines, Ternary Sets and Motor-Generators 1
    Pumped storage machines Reversible pump turbines, Ternary sets and Motor-generators 1 Cover picture Limberg II, Austria Harnessing the power of water with engineered reliability Generating energy from the power of water represents large amounts of clean, renewable energy. 71 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. The world’s hydropower potential amounts to 20 billion Mega Watt hours per year and only 25 percent of this has been developed so far. Hydropower is not only environmentally turing generators, turbines and associ- tomers and active in all major hydro- friendly, but also cost-effective. Hydro- ated control systems. As one of the power markets worldwide. power plants have the highest operating world’s leading provider for hydropower efficiency of all renewable generation products and services, Voith has an With more than 140 years’ experience systems. They are largely automated, amazing portfolio: We offer a wide in the field of hydropower and high and operating costs are relatively low. range of services, such as engineering, annual spending for research and devel- Hydroelectric power plants also play an manufacturing, project management opment, Voith is well-equipped to important role in water resource man- and commissioning. continue delivering excellence in hydro- agement, flood control, navigation, irri- As part of our international network power in the years to come. gation and in creating recreation areas. each Voith facility is equipped with con- Voith is a leading enterprise manufac- sistent best-in-class processes and tools. This network also ensures that we can meet special customized require- ments: from individual components to project planning, through project man- agement and plant maintenance.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE & GAS TURBINES Module
    www.getmyuni.com INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE & GAS TURBINES Module - I INTRODUCTION Heat engine: A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. It is classified into two types- (a) External combustion engine (b) Internal combustion engine External combustion engine: In this engine, the products of combustion of air and fuel transfer heat to a second fluid which is the working fluid of the cycle. Examples: *In the steam engine or a steam turbine plant, the heat of combustion is employed to generate steam which is used in a piston engine (reciprocating type engine) or a turbine (rotary type engine) for useful work. *In a closed cycle gas turbine, the heat of combustion in an external furnace is transferred to gas, usually air which the working fluid of the cycle. Internal combustion engine: In this engine, the combustion of air and fuels take place inside the cylinder and are used as the direct motive force. It can be classified into the following types: 1. According to the basic engine design- (a) Reciprocating engine (Use of cylinder piston arrangement), (b) Rotary engine (Use of turbine) 2. According to the type of fuel used- (a) Petrol engine, (b) diesel engine, (c) gas engine (CNG, LPG), (d) Alcohol engine (ethanol, methanol etc) 3. According to the number of strokes per cycle- (a) Four stroke and (b) Two stroke engine 4. According to the method of igniting the fuel- (a) Spark ignition engine, (b) compression ignition engine and (c) hot spot ignition engine 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Real World Demonstration of a New, American Low-Head Hydropower
    Water Power Technologies Office Peer Review Hydropower Program REAL WORLD DEMONSTRATION Wayne Krouse Hydro Green Energy OF A NEW, AMERICAN LOW-HEAD [email protected] HYDROPOWER TURBINE February 2017 1 | Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov Project Overview Real World Demonstration of A New, American Low-Head Hydropower Turbine: Fabricate, install and operate an interchangeable Modular Bulb Turbine™ at a low-head hydropower project site at an existing non-powered dam. The Challenge: • Growth in the low-head hydropower sector has been stymied over the decades for a variety of reasons, the most critical being the high LCOE associated with building low-head, lower power hydropower plants. • New turbine systems, inexpensive civil structures and low-impact installation methods are needed to ensure the robust development of the greatly untapped low-head hydropower sector. Partners: Mechanical Solutions Inc. 2 | Water Power Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Program Strategic Priorities Next Generation Hydropower (HydroNEXT) Optimization Growth Sustainability • Optimize technical, • Lower costs of hydropower • Design new hydropower systems environmental, and water-use components and civil works that minimize or avoid efficiency of existing fleet environmental impacts • Increase power train efficiency for • Collect and disseminate data on low-head, variable flow • Support development of new fish new and existing assets applications passage technologies and approaches • Facilitate interagency • Facilitate mechanisms for testing collaboration
    [Show full text]
  • Cost of Wind Turbines
    Nick Birkhimer William Mbongo Braelin Stockton Jessica Tice THEN: mainly used for pumping water. Vertical axis wind mill Horizontally oriented turbines Post mill to tower mill. Blades evolved and became more efficient NOW: turbines were first used to generate electricity in the late 19th century. Commercial turbine market evolved Turbine designs Off-shore wind farms 495 turbines have been built in Benton County. Economic Storing the Impact Energy Jobs Supply & Demand Renewable Energy Source Surrounding Wildlife Reducing Carbon Maintenance Emissions Cost factors GE 1.5MW 400 homes Construction, Vesta 1.65 MW 400 homes $2,000,000 infrastructure, Clipper 1.5 MW 650 homes maintenance, transportation $3,000,000 per 100 turbines • $7,000 for 10 Kw home turbine • Low maintenance cost • Lasts 20 years Wind $.07Kwh Coal $.10 Kwh Solar $.40Kwh $86,000,000 per 100 turbines 15 % Annual return from original investment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pay off investment Free electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pay off investment $1150 annual American electric bill Extra 840Kwh = $7 profit Farmers paid $5,000- 10,000 yearly per acre with turbine Commercial tax on business Income taxes on farmers Improved local economy Construction of infrastructure creates job HAWT= Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Generates, then transfers Built high up Instruments + Motor = Turn into wind Discovered by Albert Betz 59.3% max wind power Discovered in 1919 LINEAR SCATTER Maintenance • Max wind power Land accessibility • Less effect on other turbines WIND LENS AIRBORNE TURBINES Increases wind speed by Goes to where winds 40% = triples electricity are more consistent, generated stronger Saves space Easy to deploy Quiet VERTICAL TURBINES HOMEMADE TURBINES Closer to ground-> Cheap easier to maintain Recycled Materials All directions What you want Purdue’s Contribution • Increase accuracy • Sensors to detect problems • New computer programs=better farms 1.
    [Show full text]