Determination of Silver in Sulfide Minerals by ETMS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Determination of Silver in Sulfide Minerals by ETMS XIII_0690 Determination of Silver in Sulfide Minerals by ETMS Trajce Stafilov", Anna Lazaru a, and Ernst PerniclGib "Institute ofCbemistry, Faculty 0/ Science St. Kiril and Metodij University P.o.s. 162, 91001 Skopje, Macedonia bMax-Planck InstitutfUr Kernphysik Postfacb 103980, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany INTRODUCTION The interference of various ele­ ABSTRACT ments in the determination of silver It is known that the mineral by ETAAS in geological samples was A method for the determina­ lorandite (flAsS) from the Alshar investigated by a small number of deposit (Republic of Macedonia) tion of silver in sulfide minerals authors (34-35). Fishkova and could be used as a solar neutrino (real gar, orpiment, lorandite, mar­ casite, and stibnite) as well as Vilenkin (34) established that only detector 0). The aim of this study iron interferes at concentrations was to determine the Pb concentra­ dolomite by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is dis­ higher than 100 mg.dnr" . tion in the thallium minerals from cussed. After dissolution of the Alshar, particularly in lorandite, samples, silver was extracted by Because of the differences in which is produced in the nuclear diphenyl thiocarbamate in hydro­ results reported in the literature reaction between solar neutrinos chloric acid media using methyl for the determination of silver at low and 2°511 (present in lorandite): isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, or concentrations in complex matrices toluene as the solvent. The proce­ using FAAS or EfAAS, we performed 20sn + V -> 205Pb + e- dure was verified by the method a complete investigation as to the Therefore, it is necessary to be of standard additions and with interference of all elements in able to exactly determine the lead standard reference samples. The arsenic-antimony-thallium ores and standard deviation (SD) for 0.5 some sulfide minerals. The extraction concentration in thallium and non­ ng/Ag was 0.01 ng. The relative ofsilver by diphenyl thiocarbamate thallium minerals (2-5), marcasite standard deviation ranged from (FeS), or in dolomite [CaMg(CO~21. 3-5%. The detection limit, calcu­ in hydrochloric add media and differ­ The results provide the necessary lated as three SDs of the blank, ent solvents (MIDI(, butyl acetate, data on the purity of the minerals, was found to be 0.001 ug/g, and toluene) is described here, which is important for different geochemical investigations and also EXPERIMENTAL helps to explain the background of silver by FAAS. Some authors Instrumentation radiation of the Alshar locality. In 03-14) suggested the direct deter­ continuing our previous work on mination of silver in solutions. A Perkin-Elmerf Model Zeeman the determination of these elements To remove the potential interfer­ 3030 atomic absorption spectrome­ (6- 10), we now suggest a new ences in the determination of silver ter, equipped with a Perkin-Elmer method for the determination of sil­ in different geological samples HGA-600 graphite furnace and a ver in the above-mentioned minerals with FAAS, extraction was sugges­ Perkin-Elmer AS-60autosampler, was using electrothermal atomic absorp­ ted using the compounds methyl used. The light source was a silver tion spectrometry (ETAAS). isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 05-16), hollow cathode lamp (perkin-Elmer diethyldithiocarbamate (7), or Model Intensitron'"). Pyrolytically With the first investigations in other organic compounds (18-23). coated graphite tubes with platforms the 1960's, flame AAS was used were used. The instrumental parame­ for the determination of silver in Different approaches are ters are given in Table I. geological samples (11-12). The described for the determination of influence of the matrix in the deter­ silver by ETAAS . Brooks et al. (24), Reagents and Standards mination of silver was reported Persiani and Durking (25), and All reagents and standards were Hamalainen et al. (26) suggested only when the potential interfering of analytical grade. The stock solu­ element was present in high con­ the direct determination of silver tion of silver was prepared by dis­ centrations. Tyndall (11) proposed in solutions of copper are samples. solving AgN03 with deionized a method for the direct determina­ The direct determination of silver water. The concentration of silver tion of silver from copper ore sam­ in solid geological samples using ples with a low Pb concentration. the graphite furnace was suggested Spitzer and Tesik (12) conduded by other authors (27-29). Some that the presence of high amounts authors proposed the separation of of iron influences the determination silver from the matrix (32-35). 158 tomic• eetroseo July/August 1995 TABLE I due was dissolved in a solution so that the concentrations of these Instrumental Parameters of 1 mol.dm' HCl. After dissolu­ elements were similar to the con­ for the Determination tion of the mineral samples, the centrations in the sample solutions. ofSilver by ETAAS solution was filtered and trans­ Figure 1 shows that the interfering ferred into a separatory funnel. elements tend to decrease the inte­ Wavelength 328.1 run Then, 1.5 em> diphenyl thiocar­ grated absorbance of silver at high Spectral slit with 0.7 run bamate (1% in acetone) was concentrations. In order to avoid Calibration mode Peak area added, the solution brought to these interferences and because Lamp current lOrnA 20 cm3 volume with 1 mol.dnr? of the very low concentration of Background Zeeman HCI, and then 5 cm3 MIBK, silver in the samples investigated, correction corrector butyl acetate, or toluene was it is necessary to separate and con­ added. The mixture was shaken centrate the silver in the samples. Matrix modifier NH 4H2P0 4 Aliquot injected for five minutes and silver was Forthisreason,ane~ction into HGA 20 IJL determined by ETAAS in the method is proposed. organic layer, using aliquots Dry In the literature, authors of 20 rnm? for introduction into Temperature 110°C the graphite furnace. describe the analysis of different Ramp time 20 s types of samples using diphenyl Hold time 30 s (b) Stibnite and dolomite: 0.1-0.5 g thiocarbamate for the extraction of powdered mineral sample was silver but using different conditions Char dissolved in 10 cm3 concentrat­ and procedures than we propose in I. Temperature 400°C ed HCI and 1 mL concentrated this work. For instance, Shaburova Ramp time lOs ~02' Then the same procedure et al, (36) used diphenyl thiocarba­ Hold time lOs was followed as described for mate for silver extraction from bro­ II. Temperature 600°C realgar and orpiment. mide with chloroform as the solvent. Bashov and Sokolova (19) Ramp time lOs (c) Marcasite: 0.1-0.5 g powdered proposed the extraction of silver in Hold time lOs mineral sample was dissolved in different silicate ore samples with 5 cm3 concentrated HCl, 5 cm3 Atomization diphenyl thiocarbamate in butyl concentrated HN0 , and a few 3 acetate. In both procedures, FAAS Temperature l800°C of~02' drops The solution was was used. Aruscavage and Campbell Ramp time Os evaporated to dryness, and then (37) suggested the extraction of Hold time 3s the same procedure was fol­ silver with diphenyl thiocarbamate Flow mode Gas stop lowed as described for realgar from silicate samples with butyl and orpiment, but with toluene Cleaning acetate, but from a 20% tartaric acid or butyl acetate as the solvent. Temperature 2650°C solution. Ramp time 1 s (d) Lorandite: 0.1-0.2 g powdered To check whether As, Ca, Mg, Sb, mineral sample was dissolved in Hold time 3 s Fe, and 11 coextract with Ag, solu­ 15 em> concentrated HCl, 5 cm3 Gas Argon tions with the same silver concentra­ concentrated HN0 , and a few 3 tion but with different interfering of~02' drops The solution was element concentrations were pre­ evaporated to dryness and then in this solution was 1000 mg.drrr', pared. Silver was extracted using the the same procedure was fol­ from which all diluted solutions proposed method with MIBK, butyl lowed as described for realgar were prepared. Ore and mineral acetate, or toluene as the solvent. and orpiment, but using butyl samples were taken from the Alshar After extraction, silver was deter­ Mine, Republic of Macedonia. acetate as the solvent. mined in the organic phase by neu­ tron activation analysis, and 11, Fe, Procedure RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sb, Ca, and Mg were determined by (a) Realgar and orpiment. 0.1-0.5 g The interference of the following FAASafter evaporation and dissolu- G of powdered sample of realgar matrix elements present in ores and tion of the residue. Only 0.3-0.4% of or orpiment was dissolved in minerals was studied: As, Sb, Fe, AI, the total As was found to be extrac­ 3 • 10 cm concentrated HN03 11, Ca, and Mg. Solutions with the ted together with the silver and A few drops of H,O., were same concentration of silver but 0.005-0.01% of the remaining added and the soiutfon evapo­ with various concentrations of the elements. With such depletion rated to near dryness. The resi­ interfering elements were prepared factors, further interferences are not 159 A expected in the determination of sil­ ver. Very good results were obtainec 0.24 for the extraction of silver with diphenyl thiocarbamate from acid 0.22 solutions in the recovery values wtl MIBI<, butyl acetate, or toluene wa 0.20 used as the solvent in the presencjf As, Sb, Ca, and Mg (realgar, orpimit, 0.18 stibnite, and dolomite). When Fe ; present in the sample (marcasite)t is 0.16 not possible to extract silver in MK because iron coextracts with silv. 0.14 r­ Extraction of silver from a Tl-matK ! (lorandite) is possible only with 0.12 ;­ butyl acetate. 0.10 i_-----L_---'-_--l-_----L-_--l...-_ -L-_J......--------'_---'-_-"' Tables II and III show that sis­ o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 factory results were obtained 'r the m(M):m(Ag).10 3 determination of silver in mirral samples from the Alshar Min(with Fig.
Recommended publications
  • Environmental Exposure of Thallium and Potential Health Risk in an Area of High Natural Concentrations of Thallium: Southwest Guizhou, China
    Environmental Exposure and Health 367 Environmental exposure of thallium and potential health risk in an area of high natural concentrations of thallium: southwest Guizhou, China T. Xiao1, L. He1,3, J. Guha2, J. Lin1 & J. Chen1 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China 2Sciences de la Terre, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada 3Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract Little is known in the literature about thallium (Tl) exposure from naturally occurring Tl contamination. This paper draws attention to the potential health risk posed by high concentrations of naturally occurring Tl in the environment. The inhabitants of a rural area of southwest Guizhou Province, China, reside within a natural Tl accumulated environment resulting from the Tl-rich sulfide mineralization, and they face a severe Tl exposure in their daily lives. The daily intake 1.9 mg Tl from the consumed food crops was estimated for a local adult inhabitant of Lanmuchang. High Tl concentrations were detected in urines of the local residents. Measured urinary Tl levels are as high as 2.51-2,668 µg/L, surpassing the accepted world urine Tl level <1 mg/L for “non-exposed” humans. However, there is a positive relationship between the extent of Tl exposure from Tl in soil and crops in the immediate environment and the levels of Tl detected in urine. This study has been able to identify that the elevated urinary Tl levels are mainly attributable to Tl accumulation in locally grown vegetables acquiring Tl from natural sources in the local soils.
    [Show full text]
  • ~Ui&£R5itt! of J\Rij!Oua
    Minerals and metals of increasing interest, rare and radioactive minerals Authors Moore, R.T. Rights Arizona Geological Survey. All rights reserved. Download date 06/10/2021 17:57:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/629904 Vol. XXIV, No.4 October, 1953 ~ui&£r5itt! of J\rij!oua ~ul1etiu ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS AND METALS OF INCREASING INTEREST RARE AND RADIOACTIVE MINERALS By RICHARD T. MOORE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERAL TECHNOLOGY SERIES No. 47 BULLETIN No. 163 THIRTY CENTS (Free to Residents of Arizona) PUBLISHED BY ~tti£ll~r5itt! of ~rh!Omt TUCSON, ARIZONA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Acknowledgments 5 General Features 5 BERYLLIUM 7 General Features 7 Beryllium Minerals 7 Beryl 7 Phenacite 8 Gadolinite 8 Helvite 8 Occurrence 8 Prices and Possible Buyers ,........................................ 8 LITHIUM 9 General Features 9 Lithium Minerals 9 Amblygonite 9 Spodumene 10 Lepidolite 10 Triphylite 10 Zinnwaldite 10 Occurrence 10 Prices and Possible Buyers 10 CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM 11 General Features 11 Cesium and Rubidium Minerals 11 Pollucite ..................•.........................................................................., 11 Occurrence 12 Prices and Producers 12 TITANIUM 12 General Features 12 Titanium Minerals 13 Rutile 13 Ilmenite 13 Sphene 13 Occurrence 13 Prices and Buyers 14 GALLIUM, GERMANIUM, INDIUM, AND THALLIUM 14 General Features 14 Gallium, Germanium, Indium and Thallium Minerals 15 Germanite 15 Lorandite 15 Hutchinsonite : 15 Vrbaite 15 Occurrence 15 Prices and Producers ~ 16 RHENIUM 16
    [Show full text]
  • Thallium Mobility in Mining Wastes at the Crven Dol Locality, Allchar Deposit, North Macedonia
    EGU2020-4959, updated on 25 Sep 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4959 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Thallium mobility in mining wastes at the Crven Dol locality, Allchar deposit, North Macedonia Tamara Đorđević1, Uwe Kolitsch1,2, Petr Drahota3, Magdaléna Knappová3, Juraj Majzlan4, Stefan Kiefer4, Tomáš Mikuš5, Goran Tasev6, Todor Serafimovski6, Ivan Boev6, and Blažo Boev6 1Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria 2Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria 3Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic 4Institute of Geosciences, Department of Mineralogy, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany 5Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geological Division, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 6Department of Mineral Deposits, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University “Goce Delčev”-Štip, Goce Delčev 89, 2000 Štip, North Macedonia In order to better understand the environmental behaviour of thallium, we have chosen the abandoned As–Sb–Tl–Au Allchar deposit (North Macedonia) with unique mineral composition and high thallium grades of the ore. We used pore water analyses, selective extractions, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), SEM-EDS, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and Raman spectroscopy to determine the distribution and speciation of thallium in waste dump material at the Tl-rich Crven Dol locality in the northern part of the Allchar deposit. PXRD studies showed that the various solid waste samples are comprised mostly of carbonates (dolomite and calcite), gypsum, quartz, muscovite, kaolinite-group minerals followed by orpiment, realgar, pyrite, marcasite, lorandite, and various iron and calcium arsenates and iron (hydro)oxides, both amorphous and crystalline.
    [Show full text]
  • XIII 0609.Pdf
    XIII_0609 N. Jb. Miner. Abh. Stuttgart, Oktober 1994 Possibilities of concentrating the thallium minerallorandite from the Allchar deposit, Crven Dol region By Blagoja Petrov, Donka Andonova, Trajce Stafilov and Tome Novakovski, Skopje With 3 figures and 3 tables in the text PETROV, B., ANDONOVA, D. STAHLOV, T. & NOVAKOVSKJ, T.: Possibilities of concentrating the thallium mineral from the Allchar deposit , Crven Dol region . ­ N. jb. Miner. Abh. 167: 413-420; Stuttgart 1994. Abstract: The paper presents results obta ined by laboratory testings on th e possibilities of concentrating the thallium minerallorandite from ore in the Allchar deposit, Crven Dol region. For concentrating the lorandite from ore, stand ard methods were used: gravity concentrating in heavy liquids, gravity concentrating on a concentrating table, high intensity magnetic separation by an isodynamic separator "Fr ant z" as well as their combinations. From the -preconcentrates obtained, pure grains of lorandire were sepa­ rated by picking of individual grains. Ke y w 0 r d s: Thallium minerals; lorandite minera l; concentrating lor andite; gravity concentrating; high intensity magnetic separation. Introduction Thallium belongs to the rare metals. According to Arence, the average thallium content in the Earth's crust amounts to about 0.003 %. It mostly appears in a form of solid solution in the lattices of sulfide minerals. Thal­ lium, very seldom, forms its own minerals. Most frequently, it is in para­ genesis with the sulfide minerals particularly galenite, sphalerite, mar casite and pyrite. Usually, it can be obtained as a by-product when roasting pyrite for the production of sulphuric acid and smelting of lead and zinc.
    [Show full text]
  • Intriguing Minerals: Lorandite, Tlass2, a Geochemical Detector of Solar
    ChemTexts (2019) 5:12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-019-0086-3 LECTURE TEXT Intriguing minerals: lorandite, TlAsS2, a geochemical detector of solar neutrinos Gligor Jovanovski1,2 · Blažo Boev3 · Petre Makreski2 · Trajče Staflov2 · Ivan Boev3 Received: 1 April 2019 / Accepted: 15 April 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Abstract This lecture text demonstrates how the mineral lorandite is used as a detector of solar neutrinos. Because the age of the lorandite deposit in Allchar, North Macedonia, is known, this opened the possibility to determine the solar neutrino fux over the last 4.3 million years. Keywords Lorandite · Thallium · Lead · Mineral · Neutrino Lorandite darker red color, semimetallic luster and perfect cleavage along the (001), (201) and (110) planes. Some crystals are Lorandite (or lorándite), TlAsS2, is well known as the most coated with a brownish yellow crust. Lorandite crystals common thallium-containing mineral [1, 2]. It was frst of 1 cm are typical for this site, although exceptional sin- discovered in the Allchar mine, Macedonia, in 1894 [3–5], gle crystals up to 5 cm have also been found. Lorandite is and the frst chemical analysis was performed by Loczka named in honor of the Hungarian physicist Loránd Eötvös [6]. Smaller quantities were later found in other localities (1848–1919) (Fig. 1). worldwide: the Dzhizhikrut Sb–Hg mine in Tajikistan, the The Allchar locality has been known since the twelfth Beshtau uranium deposit in Russia, the Lanmuchang Hg–Tl or thirteenth century, and according to other estimations, deposit in China, the Zarshuran gold mine in Iran, the Len- even longer.
    [Show full text]
  • Allchar Mineral Assemblage 3
    Geologica Macedonica, Vol. 15-16, p. 1-23 (2001-2002) Suppl. GEOME2 SSN 0352 - 1206 Manuscript received: December 15, 200 1 UDC: 553.08 (497 .7) Accepted: March 3, 2002 Original scientific paper ~• ALLCHAR l\1INERAL ASSEMBLAGE l 3 l 4 Blazo Boev , Vladimir Bermanec , Todor Serafimovski\ Sonja Lepitkova , Snezana Mikulcic , 5 5 5 Marin ~oufek\ Gligor Jovanovski , Trajce Stafilov , Metodija Najdoski IDepartment ofPetrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Faculty ofMining and Geology, "Sv. Kiril i Metodij" University, Goce Delcev 89, MK-2000 Stip, Republic ofMacedonia 2Department ofMineral Deposits, Faculty ofMining and Geology, "Sv. Kiril i Metodij" University, Goce Delcev 89, MK-2000 Stip, Republic of Macedonia 3Institute ofMineralogy and Petrology, Department ofGeology, Faculty ofScience, University ofZagreb, Horvatovac bb, HR-JOOOO Zagreb, Croatia 4Department ofMineralogy and Petrology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova I, HR-JOOOO Zagreb, Croatia 5Institute of Chemistry, Faculty ofScience, "Sv. Kiril i Metodij" University, P.o. Box 162, MK-JOOI Skopje, Republic ofMacedonia Abstract. The paper is a summary of investigatioris carried out on minerals of the Allchar deposit. It discusses the TI-As-Sb-Au mineral ill emblage after detailed and intense research work. Four types of mineralization have been distinguished based on the mineral assemblage present: I. The first ly pe is characterised by high c ment of iron and sulphur, but lower arsenic and thalli um contenl. The pyrite-marcasite mineral assemblage is characterized by the presence of some quantities of arsenic-pyrite. 2. The second type is characterized by the high antimony and low iron and thallium content. Stibnite is the most common mineral in the group.
    [Show full text]
  • Christite, a New Thallium Mineral from the Carlin Gold Deposit, Nevada
    American Mineralogist, Volume62, pages421425, 1977 Christite,a newthallium mineral from the Carlin golddeposit, Nevada ARruuRS. Rlorxn U.S. GeologicalSuruey, Menlo Park, California 94025 FnnNr W. Dlcrsor Departmentof Geology,Stanford Uniuersity St anfo rd, Cal ift rnia 9430 5 JoHNF. Slecr U.S. GeologicalSuruey, Reston, Virginia 22092 lNn KevtNL. Bnowx ChemistryDiuision, Diuision of Scientffic and IndustrialResearch, Petone, New Zealand Abstract Christite,TlHgAsSr, occurs with realgar,orpiment, and loranditein bariteveins and with realgar,lorandite, and getchellitein mineralizedcarbonaceous silty dolomite in the Carlin gold deposit,north-central Nevada. The mineralis namedfor Dr. CharlesL. Christof the U.S. GeologicalSurvey. The color is crimsonor deep red, but variesto bright orangein thinnerplates and crystals;the streakis bright orange,and the lusteris adamantine.The mineralis monoclinic,space group P2,/n,a -- 6.113(l),b = 16.188(4),c = 6.1Il(l) A, with0 : 96.71(2)',Z = 4, and cell volume: 600.6A8. Strongest X-ray powderdiffraction lines, in A, andtheir relative intensities are2.98 (10),3.62 (8),3.49 (6),2.692(6),2.216 (5),4.03 (6), and 3.36(5). Electronmicroprobe analyses gave Tl 35.2,Hg 35.1,As 13.1,S 16.6,sum 100.0 weight percent.The mineraloccurs in smallsubhedral to anhedralgrains which usuallylack well-developedforms but may showa bladedor flattenedhabit. Synthetic crystals are tabular, show{010) and {T0l}pinacoids, and {1l0} and {01l} prisms,and haveperfect {010}, excellent {ll0} and {001},and good {T0l} cleavages.Vickers hardness varied from 28.3-34.6and averaged31.5 kg mm-' (10 determinations).Density of syntheticTlHgAsSs is 6.2(2)(meas) and6.37g cm-e (calc).In reflectedlight christiteis grayish-whitewith a faint blue tint, lacks visiblebireflectance, is anisotropic,and has a brilliant red-orangeinternal reflection.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10 Comparison of the Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl Deposit, Republic of Macedonia, with Carlin-Type Gold Deposits Sabina Strmi´C Palinkaš,1,† Albert H
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UGD Academic Repository ©2018 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 20, pp. 335–363 Chapter 10 Comparison of the Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl Deposit, Republic of Macedonia, with Carlin-Type Gold Deposits Sabina Strmi´c Palinkaš,1,† Albert H. Hofstra,2 Timothy J. Percival,3 Sibila Borojevi´c Šoštari´c,4 Ladislav Palinkaš,5 Vladimir Bermanec,5 Zoltan Pecskay,6 and Blazo Boev7 1 UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Geosciences, Dramsvegen 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Inclusion Analysis Laboratory (DIAL), P.O. Box 25046, MS 963, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA 3 Consulting Economic Geologist, 3240 Quartzite Drive, Reno, Nevada 89523, USA 4 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mining, Geology, and Petroleum Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Geological Department, Horvatovac 95, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 6 Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/C, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary 7 Goce Delcˇev University, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Goce Delcˇev 89, MK-2000 Štip, Republic of Macedonia Abstract The Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl deposit is situated in the western part of the Vardar zone, the main suture zone along the contact between the Adriatic and the Eurasian tectonic plates. It is spatially and temporally associated with a Pliocene (~5 Ma) postcollisional high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic volcano-plutonic center. The Allchar deposit shares many distinctive features with Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, including its location near a terrain-bounding fault in an area of low-magnitude extension and intense magmatism.
    [Show full text]
  • Ellisite Tl3ass3 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
    Ellisite Tl3AsS3 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 3m (synthetic). As anhedral to irregular grains, to 1.3 mm, some having rhombohedral form; also massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Excellent to good, rhombohedral. Fracture: Hackly. Hardness = n.d. VHN = 36.4–44.0, 39.3 average (50 g load). D(meas.) = 7.10(5) (synthetic). D(calc.) = 7.18 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Dark gray; pale gray with purplish tint in polished section, with deep red to deep red-orange internal reflections. Streak: Pale brown with a tinge of orange. Luster: Metallic. Pleochroism: Very weak, in colors from pale purplish gray to pale pinkish gray. Anisotropism: From blue-purple to red-purple to brownish orange. R1–R2: (470) 31.7, (546) 29.2, (589) 28.9, (650) 28.3 Cell Data: Space Group: R3m (synthetic). a = 12.324 c = 9.647 Z = 7 X-ray Powder Pattern: Carlin mine, Nevada, USA. 2.669 (100), 3.214 (53), 5.333 (37), 2.327 (28), 3.559 (20), 1.780 (15), 2.757 (10) Chemistry: (1) (2) Tl 78.2 78.18 As 9.6 9.55 S 12.3 12.27 Total 100.1 100.00 (1) Carlin mine, Nevada, USA; by electron microprobe, average of five grains. (2) Tl3AsS3. Occurrence: In a hydrothermal gold deposit, in mineralized, argillaceous, carbonaceous dolostone beds. Association: Gold, pyrite, christite, lorandite, getchellite, realgar, arsenic, carlinite, hydrocarbons. Distribution: In the Carlin mine, 50 km northwest of Elko, Lynn district, Eureka Co., Nevada, USA. Name: Honors Dr. Albert J. Ellis (1929– ), New Zealand geochemist, Chemistry Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    American Mineralogist, Volume 78, pages 845-849, 1993 NEW MINERAL NAMESX JorrN L. Jmrnon CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0Gl, Canada EnNsr A. J. Bunxr Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen,Vrije Universiteite, De Boelelaan 1085, l08l HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cannonite* The mineral occurs as white powdery massesand thin crusts with stibnite, as spheroidal knobs of feathery ag- C.J.Stanley, A.C. Roberts,D.C. Harris, A.J. Criddle,J.T. Szymariski(1992) Cannonite, BirO(OH),SO+,& rgw gegates of silky fibers, as flexible lamellar crystals at the mineral from Marysvale, Utah, USA. Mineral. Mag., former Perata stibnite mine, Tuscany, Italy, as minute 56,605-609. tabular crystals associatedwith stibnite ore at Cetine, Tuscany,Italy, and as silky fibers and plateletson stibnite The average and (range) of ten electron microprobe and stibiconite in a specimenfrom the Lucky Knock mine, analysesgave Bi 74.03(72.87-75.01), S 5.68(5.55-5.81), Tonasket, Okanogan County, Washington. The average HrO (by difference)3.32,O.,.(for sevenO atoms)16.97, of electron microprobe (all three localities) and CHN sum 100 wto/0,corresponding to BirO(OH)rSOo by anal- analyses(Lucky Knock only) gaveSbrO3 88.91, SO3 8.35, ogy with the structurally defined synthetic analogue.Oc- CaO 0.04, NarO 0.03, H,O 1.43,sum 98.76 wto/0,cor- curs as crystal aggregates(< I mm) of subhedral to eu- respondingto Sb,nrO, (SOo), orCao o,Nao o,H, ,uOoro, ide- hedral, equant to prismatic crystals (<200 prm) or as ally SbuOr(SOo).HrO.Occurs (Pereta)as transparentto irregular intergrown aggregates.Colorless, transparent, translucentcolorless crystals elongate [001], flattened(010) white streak, adamantine luster, brittle, uneven to con- to a maximum thicknessof 0.01 mm, showing{010} and choidal fracture,no cleavage,nonfluorescent, VHN,oo: minor {001}, {2T0},and (1,T2,0);white streak,adaman- 229 (183-280),H : 4, D"nr": 6.515, with Z: 4.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mineral Names
    American Mineralogist, Volume 74, pages 1399-1404,1989 NEW MINERAL NAMES. JOHN L. JAMBOR CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OGl, Canada ERNST A. J. BURKE Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen, Vrije Universiteite, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands Blatterite* 814-940 (average 877). In reflected light, slightly to mod- G. Raade, M.H. Mladeck, V.K. Din, AJ. Criddle, c.J. erately bireflectant, nonpleochroic; variation in color (buff Stanley (1988) Blatterite, a new Sb-bearing Mn2+-Mn3+ to pale buff) is due to bireflectance. Anisotropy weak to member of the pinakiolite group, from Nordmark, distinct, with rotation tints in shades of grayish-brown. Sweden. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mon., 121-136. No twinning. Orange-red internal reflections. Reflectance data are given at intervals of 10 nm from 400 to 700 nm The empirical formula was calculated from an analysis in air and oil. Reflectance is about 11% in air. X, Y, and by ICPemission spectrometry of 2.53 mg of hand-picked Z axes correspond to a, C,and b axes, with the optic plane crystal fragments. Recalculation to conform with the gen- parallel to (001). The sign of bireflectance in air changes eral formula of the pinakiolite group yielded a MnO- from positive (400-450 nm) to negative (470-700 nm). Mn203 distribution, confirmed by a wet-chemical analy- The sign of birefringence is positive from 400 to 520 nm, sis on 960 }Lgof material. The result is MgO 13.0, Fe203 and negative from 520 to 700 nm. Dispersion r < v. 3.48, MnO 35.1, Mn203 22.2, Sb203 11.4, B203 14.4, to- Color values are also given.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crystal Structure and Bonding of Lorandite, TI24'*
    Zeitschrift fUr Kristallographie, Bd. 138, S. 147-160 (1973) The crystal structure and bonding of lorandite, TI24'* By M. E. FLEET Department of Geology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (Received 23 May 1972) Auszug Die Kristallstruktur von Lorandit ThAs2S4, III del' AsS3-Tetraeder zu spiraJformigen Ketten parallel [010] angeordnet und die Ketten durch TI-Atome verbunden sind, wird bestatigt und bis zu R = 0,09 verfeinert. Die Gitter- konstanten sind a = 12,28 A, b = 11,30 A, c = 6,10 A, fJ = 104 °5'; Z = 4. Raumgruppe ist P21ja. Die S-Atome werden von den As- und TI-Atomen in den Ecken schwach deformierter Tetraeder umgeben. S-Atome, die aufeinander- folgende As-Atome in del' Kette verbinden, haben auBerdem noch zwei TI-Atome zu Nachbarn. Jedes S-Atom, das nul' an ein As-Atom gebunden ist, hat drei niichste TI-Nachbarn; sein Abstand zum As-Atom ist auffallend klein (2,08 und 2,20 A entsprechend den zwei nicht-aquivalenten As-Atomen del' Struktur). Jedes TI-Atom liegt einer del' AsS3-Pyramidenketten naher als den iibrigen; die S-Umgebung del' Tl-Atome bildet deformierte tetragonale Pyramiden mit TI in del' Spitze. Lage und Ausbildung del' Spaltbarkeit hangt unmittelbar von Zahl und Typ del' Bindungen zwischen den Ketten ab. Die kurzen (As-S)-Abstiinde weisen darauf hin, daB diese Bindungen bis zu einem gewissen Grad den Charakter von n-Bindungen haben. Die geringe Differenz del' Elektronegativitaten von TI und S, die scheinbare Wechselwirkung zwischen benachbarten TI-Atomen und del' Vergleich mit Tl-haltigen organischen Verbindungen legen die An- nahme nahe, daB zwischen den TI-Atomen und den AsS3-Ketten kovalente Krafte bestehen.
    [Show full text]