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(2001) widely explored the cultural discourse of race in Poe’s in of areflection race (2001) as discourse tales explored cultural widely the Weissberg’snedy’s volume Liliane and seminal Poe” (32), than Ken J. Gerald Africanism concept to the of American important novela de detectives. Palabras clave evolutivas. teorías ylas darwinismo al relación en relato del interpretaciones facilitar de Poe de yevolución objetivo relato el el con en selección sobre la darwinismo del precursores conceptos pretende identificar artículo Este desapercibidas. pasado a menudo han Darwin, Charles de precursor francés, yzoólogo naturalista Cuvier, importante un aGeorges hace Dupin Auguste que detective el alusiones las atención. de embargo, Sin mayorfoco como raza la de discurso el consideración en tomando especialmente perspectivas, múltiples desde Morgue”, sido analizado ha calle la de crímenes “Los detectivesca, trilogía su que conforma relato primer El interpretación. incesante de recurso valioso siendo un siguen relatos sus Poe recientemente, Allan Edgar de nacimiento del bicentenario el celebrado Habiéndose Resumen fiction. words Key theories. evolutionary and to Darwinism relation in tale of the readings facilitate Poe’s to evolution in and as so selection about tale concepts pre-Darwinian at identifying aims article This unnoticed. been often have zoologist, and French naturalist Darwinian pre- important Cuvier, Dupin’s an to Georges Auguste references detective Nonetheless, of attention. focus amain as of race discourse the into consideration taking especially from perpectives, multiple analysed been Rue the Morgue”, in has Murders “The trilogy, detective his conforms that tale first The interpretation. of ongoing source invaluable an remain still Poe’s tales his birth, Allan of Edgar bicentenary the celebrated recently Having Abstract POE’S SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE IN “THE MURDERS “THE IN DISCOURSE POE’S SCIENTIFIC Drawing on ToniDrawing more writer is Morrison’s “no that American early claim Revista CanariadeEstudiosIngleses FORETELLING DARWINISM, REVISING RACE: : Edgar Allan Poe, Georges Cuvier, Charles Darwin, race, evolution, detective evolution, detective race, Darwin, Cuvier, Charles Poe, Georges Allan : Edgar : Edgar Allan Poe, Georges Cuvier, Charles Darwin, raza, evolución, raza, Darwin, Cuvier, Charles Poe, Georges Allan : Edgar IN THE RUE MORGUE” THE IN Marta Miquel Baldellou Marta Universitat de Lleida de Universitat , 66 ; April 2013,pp. 127-135; Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race and Poe Shadow: the Romancing ISSN: 0211-5913

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 127 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 128 asserts, Wyatt agreed to allow Poe’s to allow [Poe] Wyatt agreed “he money needed authorship because asserts, Silverman as Likewise, book. the Poe’sbelieving popularising in would aid name market, literary the in its circulation ease book, and problems original the with decided to include second edition to they author Poe avoid the of this as copyright fact, matter of As a publication. first of their sales would compete with edition that edition. However,cheaper Brothers were and to publish reluctant asecond Harper for ofably students young conchology, expensive a Wyatt decided to issue that so remark was edition that illustrated richly and extended an Brothers in and Harper author Wyatt’s the of book. the as published been by name his volume already had he would lend agreed introduction, it yet, the and was and preface only wrote the entitled textbook original the lecturer, written who had English an Thomas printed authorWyatt, under Poe’sbook was was actual the name, of or,Book; System A First Conchologist’s Malacology The Testaceous on title Morgue,” textbook Rue conchology under the the in illustrated Poe an issued 2009. in Darwin Poe Charles and Allan Edgar of both evolution bicentenary and the Poe’s celebrating in recently after tale about selection ideas pre-Darwinian detect and of race studies critical reassessing at aims article this respect, this In animals. and humans between link missing the as to viewed be began monkeys continuous, and that so hierarchical was kingdom animal the to seemed confirm envisioned be at amore level. Simians also literal may the of ourang-outang point, figure in the acase as Bonaparte Marie taking of repressed, the return the and on premises Freudian based have been of story the Even interpretations many if humans. and monkeys between similarities notice any to readers have may urged that to exhibit do closet so; from a locked an escapes Poe’s in even its owner simian and the imitates story all, After Darwin. Charles prior of to beings conceptions of chain the European environment reassess and aEuropean in place take actions when the notices, Lemire Elise as America, in race of black the disrupture the interpreted been as often has tale this notice that to It meaningful is access. had readership American the to which origins European of manuals natural Cuvier’sIslands. volume one pre-Darwinian is of many the Indian of East of primate the the account descriptive Frederick his Cuvier and not it to important lose sight of is time, Dupin’s reference French to the naturalist end at the of story. the again to re-establish Dupin order manages the that disrupting epitome the as read been of race metaphorically frequently and Morgue”Rue has Poe’s in the in “The of presence ourang-outang Murders pivotal the the tale respect, this In themselves. to more be than considered to related closely primates blacks whereby of time whites the journals and manuals in acknowledged belief general the have to referred Lemire Elise as such Critics racism. and race perceptions towards imbibing surrounding the thus life, of period his extended fora southern state, an Even Boston, Virginia, born in Poe if Richmond, in America. lived of antebellum important changes in Wyatt’s volume. In addition to editing and organising the Wyatt’s the in organising volume. changes and addition In important to editing (138). sorely time” at the very Even though Poe was not the actual author of book, he the introduced Even Poe not actual the though was story, 1839,In detective “TheMurders first his before publishing years two the at perceptions race of cultural reflects tale the if even Nonetheless, Manual of Conchology Manual . Even though the . Even the though . Poe - years later, Cuvier would establish the principle of correlation of parts, which bears bears later, principle which the years of Cuvier would correlation of establish parts, Moreover, to disappear. creature any not creation could allow two God’s perfect because extinct became Cuvier’s 1796, in no of theory species animals believed it was Until of time. course the in become extinct species that proving thus fossils, with animals living comparing field the by of palaeontology for establishing acknowledged win’s especially contribution, nowadays his have demeaned still theories Cuvier is early theDar century.in science Charles though 19th Even natural in major figure a zoologist, became he and contributions due scientific naturalist as a and to his theories. of his admirer sideration Poe’s to Cuvier’s become an allusion he have may also tale, work his in into con to asecond edit edition oftheories Wyatt’s volume, taking and original Cuvier’s analysed Poe and to Cuvier’s studied of asimian. account enlightening duesolveto the puzzle implied Dupin manages also buttale, is it detective first his follows: as he from describes Cuvier which apassage read to him Dupin advises L’Espanaye of Madame Camille, her and daughter deaths the of incapable solving feels narrator perplexed the When Frenchto the naturalist. explicit references Morgue through Rue of the murders in the puzzle the unravels Dupin Dupin would remembered Actually, be detective after. ever his for which skills analytical the all, andaboutabove detection, his ideas influence on important an (334).enlightenment led to aparticular that march the in to steps taken be relevant the determined and second concentrated on the knowledge current greatness; their achieved when they reasoned had they asked how and great men as who were identified individuals on focused first the issues: main by dominated two was of America science in tory his early the precedents, on European contends, drawing Marcus Alan As States. United the in Wyatt’s introducing history thus Cuvier’s on and natural manuals America, in arrangement and 19th-century analysis scientific methodologies of ing andpopularis to Poesimplifying noticed, Jay contributed has Gould significantly Stephen as respect, this In of animals. accounts to his regard special with schemes Cuvier’s translate classification and scientific to analyse skills linguistic his used Cuvier. Georges Poe fluent zoologist and in was andFrench, Frenchthe naturalist French Wyatt’s volume by into written included English. some original excerpts from Cuvier’s of Georges translation passages relation his to Wyatt’s was manual Poe’s article, contribution of this most important Nonetheless, for purpose in the work. the condensingand original to simplifying contributedand significantly fromdiffered Wyatt’s taxonomy, which classification anew created volume, he also Georges Cuvier, self-madeGeorges scholar, ahighly-respected of humblewas origins, didThus, not explicitin only include an Cuvier Poe reference Georges to (Poe, atonce. murder the of horrors full the understood I all. to well-known sufficiently are mammalian of these propensities imitative ferocity, the and wild the activity, and strength the prodigious stature, gigantic The Islands. Indian East of the Ourang-Outang fulvous large of the account descriptive generally and anatomical a minute It was of Wyatt’s Poe’s editor translator and exerted an as book have may also task Portable 367) - - - -

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 129 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 130 a being must be connected to one connected be must on another. Poe’sa being Drawing scientific reasoning, of parts all that Cuvier’s echoing should considered be beforehand, arguing thesis tale the in 549-550).actions all that result final to view a with its Thus, is it only to its elaborated be themust name, plot,every worth that “[n]othing effect: than ultimate is moreclear the to achieve writing his in way to proceed the and method creative of his aware he would later show “The Philosophy As in Composition”, of artistry. well was he and craft his way of conceptualising particular to his stories, but detective also his he would apply that nottaxonomy, only to of amethod analysis adopting thus Cuvier.to Georges Poe published his volumein findings 1835, would prove in which theories, decisive forIsland, his initial published his and not publish his did Even Darwin year. Poe, same though the was born so in student,a young and merely was Darwin 19thearly the areputedIn century, whennaturalist, Cuvier was contributions important fieldevolution. to the of priortheory mained Darwin’sto of replacement ideas of his old by ones and awholecreate new re species being, progress. in slow changes through place takes evolution rejecting thus records, older replace abruptly fossil ones the in types new that evolutionist, arguing an than rather acreationist thus Cuvier was extinction. its until unchanged remains and abruptly form appears butfossil, rather, atypical distinct into asucceeding change not one does gradually fossil that Cuvier argued of one form transformation into another. involved Instead, which gradual the and selection of evolution end Darwin’s theory in by would natural ultimately which of evolution theories Lamarck, proposed contemporary by his of gradualistic the critical was Cuvier theisolationfromof in parts. rest its modified be could being wholeness Consequently, the of being. infer any of any he no concluded part that it possible becomes to parts, of individual gathering one the another, through and principle terms: following the in this Cuvier described respect, Dupin’s with this In resemblance close a remarkably of method analysis. thus his work anatomy, his on comparative thus and simian Indian of East the nature imitative and Cuvier’s on wild the passage through light is Rue the “The in to Morgue” of brought Murders effect final the Through Cuvier, Poe became acquainted with scientific reasoning and reasoning scientific with Cuvier, Through acquainted became Poe However, to parts Cuvier’s correlation of the all about extinction, theories to connected necessarily are of abeing parts contended all Cuvier thus that versa. vice and of them whole any from the infer can to apoint—one that—up away such in parts, other the to all relation anecessary in always are body animal’s of an part each compose that bones the of andshape the direction, [...]number, limbs. the because is This or head to the bone belonged that if all above it belonged, to which animal of the genus the even sometimes and class, the determine bone, one can a single specting in after that, apoint of perfection such reached has Today anatomy comparative The Conchologist’s First Book First Conchologist’s The Origin of Species Origin dénouement The The Beagle the of Voyage before anything be attempted with the pen” the attempted be with ( before anything until 1859, until Galapagos to he on the journey set the Leçons d’anatomie comparée in America, with numerous references with America, in in 1839, in year same very the is, that , published in Portable - -

manages to guess the narrator’s mental moves by providing different links. Actu narrator’s the links. moves to mental different by guess providing manages of memory, workings associative theDupinand observance his Through thoughts. of narrator’s the course the unravels method Dupin’s game, the to win analytical his opponents’ the as player decodes moves Thus, just tale. later on the in reasoning Dupin’s foretells also draughts powers of when playing inference and servation narrator’s the respect, long of ob introduction capacities analyst’s to this the In deciphered. is puzzle the clue until each observes detective the accordingly, as just Darwin’s description in to foretell opponents’ seems anticipate action his detect, observe, take moves and thenarrator’s analyst’s respect, descriptionthe to this of procedure In fittest. the of of survival selection the Darwin’s natural echoes ultimately which rior intellect, supe analyst’s by the retrieved only be can suddenly and place players’ moves take into abruptly, being came of all fossils species new claimed principles, which those Cuvier’s with creationist analogy clear In moves advance. in their foretell thus and procedure, their he able is to identify until inference, combination and of observation in a theindulging of rest players, by effected change any powers decode of mind analyst’s the game, the opponents’during his respect, this complete In bafflement. (Poe,tellect” due be must to a“strong obtained of in the exertion advantage any ation, that so contends: tale the in narrator the as respect, this In to solve puzzle. the manages he until inferences makes and who observes for analyst the important is game the during place of taking events moves. to anticipate Consequently, his as so chain all opponent his with himself identify must analyst the Deprived of other resources, game. the through all observant attentive and he supposed to is remain that so player, to the matters detail each contends narrator that the relation rest, to the necessary of in is abody part each preaches principle which of correlation of parts, Cuvier’s Echoing of draughts. of player agame method the in analytical the praises Cuvier’s theories. of some Dupin’s,possible to identify Poe’s, resemble which thus, and of reasoning, methods tale, is it the of beginning from the effect 1800. Consequently, final of this aware Similarly, the player observes each opponent, and carefully selects his moves his selects opponent, each Similarly, player carefully the and observes (70) of life. conditions inorganic and organic to its relation in being improvementthe organic at each of offers, opportunity wherever and whenever working, insensibly and silently good; is that up all adding and preserving bad, is which that rejecting slightest; the even variation, world, every the throughout ing, scrutinis hourly and daily is selection natural that said be It metaphorically may vari have little unique and moves are all of draughts agame in Likewise, (Poe, own. of their faces the outward turned had party of the rest the if as absolute of aprecision purpose as with cards his down puts thence-forward and hand, sion contents of of each the posses full in is analyst] heplayed, been[the having rounds three two or first The and theRue discusses widelyMorgue,” in “The In Murders thenarrator Portable 334), which ultimately ends with the analyst’s success, and and success, analyst’s the 334), with ends ultimately which The Origin Species of Origin The Portable 335-336) : ------

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 131 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 132 through immigration, not creation. These theories bear a close resemblance with the with close a resemblance theoriesbear not creation. These immigration, through environment, an mainly in abrupt appearance an made or species type particular a Cuvier believed would later propose. Instead, Darwin and another, Lamarck as of one form transformation into Nonetheless, gradual Cuvier rejected any kingdom. animal the of provide and aclassification similarities their to identify animals, tinct of ex fossils and animals skeletons of the living between analysis on acomparative focused Cuvier Poe’s mainly in would later research, appear that his In tale. simian Indian explicit reference East to the an was there which among of animals, counts evolution. on views and as Cuvier’s as well correlation scientific parts of method, the regards as readings Poe’s betray methods to Dupin’s allusion constant his and analytical language the (Poe, thechain” of anylink in no flaw was investigation” (Poe, the in progress “engenderdeductions may farther to all asuspicion should direction give which mentions his He selection. actually of natural that and thoughts of his course the between analogy an window, from the voice, orestablishing nail the tinguishable undis criminal’s the as such details selects Dupin carefully sense, this In of species. unavoidably, and responsible was forgradually improvement the evolution the and place takes selection, which would contend natural would prove. Darwin Darwin ultimately,and evolution, modification, to ensure as necessary also is but chance correlated, are of a being parts all Cuvier’s echoes he argued as also tions, theories resolute Dupin’s creative. as as he men was as narrator character, the soul, as bi-part mentions adouble narrator Dupin the was respect, this In demanded. tion also is Dupin’s imagina and details, addition Nonetheless, in to these creativity puzzle. solution the of forward the brings that of links to achain create he associates which of analysis. method inductive whole employing the an thus procedure, gone have through mentally they until act they never resolution that of evolutionso the itsaware final of until thought all are accordingly. They act and infer select, by extension, Poe observe, himself, The player, after. ever reverberates and repeated Dupin, is thenarrator, andprocess Poe’s echo this that so will tale, narrator to the the write Furthermore, procedures present thoughts. his of narrator’s to events the guess re-enact chain and retrace to Dupin manages aplayer of draughts, Resembling toprocedure atext. create ultimately, and writer’s the of player’s draughts, the agame in thoughts, observance of course analyst’s the between aparallelism Poe respect, establishes tion. this In resolu one its final event until to another linking through association, through narrator’s the evolve as just thoughts of evolution beings, the foretell of chain the 340). to Dupin’s seems of narrator’s the chain mental links to the explicit allusion Dr. Stereotomy, Nichols, Epicurus, (Poe, fruiterer” stones, the street the Orion, thus—Chantilly, run of chain the ally, Dupin mentions links “the larger and escapes his master’s dwellings. His innocent but wild nature is remindful of remindful is but nature innocent His wild master’s his dwellings. escapes and environment, removed natural been from his has byto France asailor, simian the L’Espanaye’ssimian’s Madame in violent sudden and appearance Brought chamber. When Poe When edited details, of meaningful on observance the based is method Dupin’s analytical The Conchologist’s First Book First Conchologist’s The Portable 357), “there states similarly, he and also Portable 360). This particular use use of 360).particular This , he translated Cuvier’s, he translated ac Portable ------

Cuvier’s manual. Thus, the ourang-outang appears as the missing link Dupin’sof link missing the as appears the Cuvier’s ourang-outang Thus, manual. Dupin’s after only brought is sailor’s on stage explicit simian reference through the later, of and respect, evolution. Darwin’s theory this In to Lamarck’s, foretell However, time. at the beyond never Poe’s argued goes even was surprisingly tale zoologist and anaturalist as to lead Darwin’s theory, status would ultimately his that L’Espanaye’s environment. chamber, once he removed natural is from his simian’s the Madame in presence echoes disruptive due species tonew immigration Moreover,of species. classification of a Cuvier’stheaboutabrupt appearance theory Cuvier’s of them, not description of unlike all accurate an providing witnesses, the all categorises and Cuvier’s and inductive method scheme. scientific Dupin scrutinises Dupin’s between a parallelism evolution, with establishing resemblance a close thus bears end process, the of to his reach as so clues, the all gathering while a chain, in Dupin’s respect, deduction. this In and continuousreasoning reference links to the narrator’s the Dupin’s and depiction method, through of analyst’s the cially powers of Moreover, Cuvier’s Poe’s along reverberates principle espe parts of correlate the tale, Morgue,” primate. Dupin to refers Cuvier’s explicitly and Indian of East the accounts Book First chologist’s disregarded. been often has Cuvier’s tale, to interpret his as so influence on acknowledged Poe widely been has Poe’s during slaves and primates time between established parallelism the though controversy Poe whether even yet, sentiments. held And pro- orlasting anti-slavery Nelson, in Dana noticed, Lindon Barrett as a slave he society. in lived as Likewise, lifetime his in hierarchy of notions the aware of racial Poe arguably sex. was ofscene interracial to interpret simian’s the Lemire a murder led as Elise slaves and primates between accordingly, parallelism people the and ered black to to related closely primates, be consid of time the journals and contends, manuals Lemire Elise As years. many where Poe Richmond, in resided for living slaves of African-American the many account of historical the notfrom is entirely different simian Indian of East the Cuvier’s respect, Poe’s and this In own. of his some with personality depictionhim endow guilt, and of fear aresult murder as his to need conceal his as well master, as his to imitate ability His simian’s to the features. paid been human-like also has Much attention order the destroy established. and to disturb of repressed the return the impersonates the simian Thus, life-force. and of nature workings furious the with simian the L’Espanaye associating contemplation the thus scene, as of primal the interpreted simian’s the Bonaparte murder of Marie Madame accounts, analytical psycho her In early character. of his ignored have amore often reading which literal L’Espanaye’sover her Madame unwillingly. ultimately, and killing face, (Poe, master’sthe razor” his by habit “flourishing imitates of shaving simian the unfolds, tale the accordingly, book, as and his in Cuvier claimed as ians, propensities’ of of ‘imitative sim the aware Poe well primate. the to was describe as so into consideration Poe’s traits taking personifying noble especially the savage, Even though Cuvier did not share Lamarck’s views on evolutionary theories theories on evolutionary views Lamarck’s notEven Cuvier did share though Cuvier’s Poe to his include translated in theories had all, them After interpretations,in the object been manifold Poe’sof Thehas simian tale The World in Black and White and Black The in World only two years before he published “The Murders in the beforeRue he in published “The Murders years only two (1993), ever- to referred the already Portable 374) 374) Con - - - - -

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 133 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 134 Bonaparte Barrett Ackroyd of “air method.” their lay precisely in power studies of his biographer, the a contemporary Poe as confessed often all, Peter claims, Ackroyd, After after. ever Philosophy of Composition,” artistry creative his determining thus of display Poe’s“The in later would portray which scientific method meaningful as a Poe’salso as Morgue”butRue shouldtale not regarded only be detective first the methodologies Hence,rigorous ofin scientist. “The the and Murders cautious Poe’s as double, own Likewise, the Dupin, exemplified about concern analysis. his to edit Poe’s Morgue.” Rue the respect, of French this the In theories naturalist’s translation after Poe’s two decades publication“The in Murders of almost come light to finally Cuvier’s in foretold and theories Darwin’s theory echoed evolution of resolution.theory surprisingly which his own its final had Poe would contribute action each to echoing that so astory followedhad when creating thesteps he Poe’secho the feltPoe effect. to retrace need and about concern analysis history, Dupin’s and together, natural in all which, inductive method discourse Cuvier’s between scientific aparallelism conclude, possible it thus to establish is creation” (548). of artistic processes the To to explain murder Rogers case Mary out or working asolution in of the deciphering in acryptogram he used faculties Van here pointed as to apply out, Doren same Actually, “Poe the already trying is depicted “The Philosophy in Composition.” as of process creative his perceived in be a writer.as Poe’s also can theories interpretation of evolutionary the personal removed not from Poe’s far appears method inductive craft his systematic own to solve puzzle. the theory presents his notes, and Cuvier’s takes echoing scene, the observes procedure, own women’s scientist, a Dupin,these while like punishes state, simian stagnant fortheir the species, own of their predecessor unexpected an as respect, this In life-force. the of apersonification as evolve improve, simian by and the thus counteracted and is to reproduce, women’s These human-like. unwillingness remarkably or inability are whose attributes L’Espanayeame by asimian disrupted is live her and daughter thewhere Mad in French The to solveestablished orderquarter puzzle. the chain Darwin Cuvier , Georges. “Paper on the Fossil Remains of an Animal Found in Some Plaster Quarries Near Near Quarries Plaster Some in Found Animal of an Remains Fossil on “Paper the , Georges. The Conchologist’s First Book First Conchologist’s The , Charles. , Charles. , Lindon. “Presence of Mind: Detection and Racialization in ‘The Murders in the Rue Rue the in Murders ‘The in Racialization and Detection of Mind: “Presence , Lindon. Paris.” Unpublished. 1798. Unpublished. Paris.” 1971. The Hogarth, London: Rodker. John UP, 2001. Oxford 157-176. Oxford: berg. Morgue’.” Moreover, into consideration Dupin’s taking resoluteness creativity, and , Peter. , Marie. , Marie. Poe: A Life Cut Short ALife Cut Poe: The Origin of Species of Origin The Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race and Poe Shadow: the Romancing The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe: A Psychoanalytic Interpretation Psychoanalytic A Poe: Allan Edgar of and Works Life The WORKS CITED WORKS . London: Chatto and Windus, 2008. 2008. Windus, and Chatto . London: . 1859. Oxford: Oxford UP,. 1859. 1998. Oxford Oxford: was crucial to develop his scientific method and scientific tomethod develop his crucial was . Ed. J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weiss Liliane and Kennedy J. Gerald . Ed. The Origin Species of Origin The , which would , which . Trans. . Trans. - - Van Silverman —— Poe Nelson Morrison Marcus Lemire Gould , Edgar Allan, ed. ed. Allan, , Edgar

Doren The Portable Poe The Portable , Stephen Jay., Stephen Hit.” “Poe’s Greatest , Elise. “‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’: Amalgamation Discourses and the Race Riots of Riots Race the and Discourses Amalgamation Morgue’:Rue the in Murders “‘The , Elise. , Dana. , Dana. , Alan I. “Science and Technology.” and “Science I. , Alan 1838 Poe’s in Philadelphia.” 1986. 547-549. Perennial, 1991. Wyatt’s Thomas UP, York: 1993.New Oxford 1992. UP, 334-344. 2006. well, UP, 2001. Oxford 177-204. Oxford: Weissberg. Liliane and , Toni. , Kenneth. , Kenneth.

Stern The Word in Black and White: Reading “Race” in American Literature, 1638-1867 Literature, American in “Race” Reading White: and Black in The Word Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination , Philip. “Criticism: Editor’s Preface.” Editor’s Preface.” “Criticism: , Philip. . Ed. Philip Van Doren Stern. 1841. Van Stern. 1986. Doren Philip York: New Penguin, . Ed. The First Conchologist’s Book; or, A System of Testaceous Malacology of System or, A Testaceous Book; Conchologist’s First The Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance Never-Ending and Mournful Poe: A. Edgar Manual of Conchology of Manual Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race and Poe Shadow: the Romancing Natural History A Companion to 19th-century America 19th-century to A Companion . 1839. 102.7 (July 1993): 102.7 (July 10-19. The Portable Poe The Portable . Ed. J. Gerald Kennedy Kennedy J. Gerald . Ed. . New York: Penguin, York:. New Penguin, . Cambridge: Harvard Harvard . Cambridge: . New York: Harper York:. New Harper . Oxford: Black . Oxford: . Based on . Based - .

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 66; 2013, PP. 127-135 135