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Tesis Doctoral Matharan, Gabriel Augusto Hacia una historia social de la química como campo científico en la Argentina (1801-1955). Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Argentina. Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Obra Derivada 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ Documento descargado de RIDAA-UNQ Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Cita recomendada: Matharan, G. A. (2018). Hacia una historia social de la química como campo científico en la Argentina (1801-1955). (Tesis de doctorado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. Disponible en RIDAA-UNQ Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar/handle/20.500.11807/892 Puede encontrar éste y otros documentos en: https://ridaa.unq.edu.ar Matharan, Gabriel Augusto, Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Junio de 2015, 302 pp., http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Secretaría de Posgrado, Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas Hacia una historia social de la química como campo científico en la Argentina (1801-1955). TESIS DOCTORAL Gabriel Augusto Matharan [email protected] Resumen El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar el contexto y los factores que llevaron a la institucionalización de la química como un campo científico en la Argentina durante el período 1801- 1955. Para ello estudiamos las condiciones históricas, sociales, cognitivas e instrumentales, tanto nacionales como internacionales, por medio de las cuales se constituyeron diferentes individuos/actores y grupos sociales auto/identificados como químicos y químicas que comenzaron a enseñar, producir, incorporar, usar y difundir el conocimiento químico. En esta historia se conjugarán espacios geográficos y dimensiones temporales, individuos y grupos, proyectos cognitivos, instituciones, intereses, valores, instrumentos, conceptos y teorías interactuando entre sí en un contexto social y cultural definido: la Argentina. En la tesis buscamos mostrar que el ingreso de la química en la Argentina no estuvo asociado, de manera excluyente, al proceso de mundialización de la ciencia, sino que respondió sobre todo a factores endógenos (actores, instituciones e ideologías) que promovieron, y en algunos casos obstaculizaron, su avance. Una vez en “tierra argentina” su desarrollo no fue un proceso uniforme ni homogéneo y supuso una secuencia propia y espacialidades diferenciales en la institucionalización de su enseñanza, en su conformación como una profesión y en la emergencia y consolidación de las actividades de investigación. Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE QUILMES Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas Hacia una historia social de la química como campo científico en la Argentina (1801-1955). Por Gabriel Augusto Matharan Tesis de Doctorado Dirigida por Dr. Pablo Kreimer Buenos Aires 2014 Índice Introducción .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. ¿Por qué abordar la historia de la química como campo científico? Interrogantes, puntos de partida y ejes de análisis. .................................................................................... 1 2. Delimitación de nuestro objeto de estudio: contenidos, espacialidades y temporalidades. ................................................................................................................... 3 3. Elementos historiográfico e interpretativos .................................................................... 9 4. Cuestiones metodológicas ............................................................................................ 12 4.1 Construcción del corpus documental: archivos y materiales ........................... 14 5. Sobre la estructura de la tesis: estrategia narrativa, temporalidades y niveles analíticos .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Capítulo 1: El ingreso: la enseñanza de la química y su relación con la medicina y farmacia (1801-1896). ......................................................................................................... 19 1. El ingreso de la química en Buenos Aires en el contexto de las ideas ilustradas en la colonia. ............................................................................................................................. 20 Cosme Argerich y los inicios de la enseñanza de la química ....................................... 22 La química en la agricultura y la minería ..................................................................... 26 2. La creación de un nuevo contexto institucional para el desarrollo de la ciencia: la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1821-1852). ..................................................................... 29 Manuel Moreno ............................................................................................................ 31 La constitución del primer laboratorio ......................................................................... 34 3. La enseñanza de la química en el período de Organización Nacional (1852-1880). ... 36 Miguel Puiggari ............................................................................................................ 37 La creación de la Asociación Farmacéutica Bonaerense y el impulso de la enseñanza de la química ................................................................................................................. 42 La enseñanza de la química, entre las ciencias naturales y las ciencias médico- farmacéuticas: la reorganización de la UBA ................................................................ 48 4. Las iniciales investigaciones químicas en Buenos Aires. ............................................ 50 Domingo Parodi ............................................................................................................ 51 Pedro Narciso Arata...................................................................................................... 53 John J. Kyle .................................................................................................................. 57 Atanasio Quiroga .......................................................................................................... 58 5. El ingreso y desarrollo de la química en el resto del país............................................. 59 La enseñanza de la química vinculada a la minería en San Juan ................................. 59 La enseñanza de la química en Córdoba ...................................................................... 61 La química en Catamarca y Tucumán .......................................................................... 64 La enseñanza de la química en Entre Ríos ................................................................... 65 Anexo ............................................................................................................................... 66 Capítulo 2: La química como saber diferenciado (1852-1919). ...................................... 74 1. La conformación del Estado y su relación con la Química. ......................................... 76 La creación de puestos de trabajos en el Estado y de nuevos marcos institucionales para el desarrollo de la química. ................................................................................... 77 Los alimentos como objetos de análisis químicos ........................................................ 81 Una química para el campo: El Laboratorio de Química del Ministerio de Agricultura ...................................................................................................................................... 83 2. La diferenciación de la química respecto a la farmacia y su constitución como una profesión. .......................................................................................................................... 87 La creación de la primera carrera química del país: el Doctorado en Química............ 87 La expansión de la química como carrera diferencia: la química en La Plata ............. 91 El acceso femenino a la educación química: las primeras químicas ............................ 95 3. Una química para la nación y una nación para la química. .......................................... 98 La cuestión del nacionalismo a principios del siglo XX en Argentina ........................ 99 El primer Congreso Nacional de Química .................................................................. 106 4. La reforma de los planes de estudios. ......................................................................... 108 5. Nacen las conflictividades. ......................................................................................... 117 6. La química en Santa Fe. ............................................................................................. 119 La química enseñada y asociada a la farmacia: La Facultad de Farmacia y Obstetricia de la Universidad Provincial de Santa Fe. .................................................................. 119 El capítulo Santafesino de la separación entre química y farmacia: la creación de la Facultad de Química Industiral y Agrícola y el conflicto con la Escuela de Farmacia. ...................................................................................................................................
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