The Making of South Carolina
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STORIES OFTHE STATES A THE MAKING OF SOUTH CAROLINA BY HENRY ALEXANDER WHITE, M.A., Ph.D., D.D PROFESSOR IN COLUMBIA. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA; AUTHOR OF "LIFE OF- ROBERT E. LEE," AND "A SCHOOL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES." WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS SILVER, BURDETT AND COMPANY NEW YORK ATLANTA BOSTON DALLAS CHICAGO r\ Checked it inn * From the portrait by Healy JOHN C. CALHOUN PUBLIC LIBRARY 373782 ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDE.N FOUNDATIONS. R 1906 L Copyright, 1900, by SILVER, BURDETT AND COMPANY This Book is Dedicated to Mi] MiU Fanny Beverley Wellford White PREFACE. This book attempts to give a short, simple history of South Carolina from the first settlement to the present day. Biographical sketches of rulers and leaders are arranged in close connection in order to furnish a con- tinuous historical narrative. The story of the lives of many great and good men of the state is of necessity left out; the boys and girls of South Carolina must read about them in larger books than this. Many worthy and noble women have also helped to build up and strengthen the state of South Carolina. In Colonial and Revolutionary days, and most of all during the period of the Southern Confederacy, they toiled and suffered in behalf of their people. It is not possible, however, in these brief pages to give the story of their deeds of devotion and self-sacrifice. The statements made in this book are based through- out on public records and on the original writings of those who had a share in the events and deeds herein described. The author desires to express his great appreciation of the valuable assistance rendered in the preparation of this volume by Mr. Alexander S. Salley, Jr., Secre- vii Vlii PREFACE tary of the State Historical Commission, who has fur- nished much important information and has facilitated the securing of autographs of important men directly from the original documents. In addition to this, Mr. Salley has kindly aided in the laborious work of reading the proof-sheets, and has also lent some photographs for reproduction in this book. Hon. W. A. Courtenay, of Innisfallen, who has done so much to perpetuate the true history of this state, has read the proof-sheets and has furnished some photographs from his valuable collection. Acknowledgments are due also to Mr. E. S. Dreher, Superintendent of the Public Schools of Columbia, who has read the proof-sheets; to Prof. Yates Snowden, of the University of South Carolina, who has read the proof-sheets in part, and has furnished photo- graphs; to Mr. W. Hampton Gibbes, of Columbia, who has placed at the author's disposal his collection of autographs; and to Mr. E. J. Watson, Secretary of the Immigration Commission, who has lent several photo- graphs. A number of friends in various parts of the state have rendered assistance in securing photographs and other material for illustrating the book. For all of these courtesies the author hereby expresses his grateful appreciation. Henry Alexander White. Columbia, South Carolina. CONTENTS PART I. — EARLY DAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA CHAPTER PAGE I. The Huguenot Settlement at Port Royal . 1 II. The Lords Proprietors of Carolina .... 4 III. The English Settlement on Ashley River . 8 IV. Joseph West and the New Charles Town . 11 V. The Morton Settlement on the Edisto River 17 VI. Thomas Smith and the Growth of Trade . 20 VII. Blake and the Huguenots 22 VIII. James Moore and the Spaniards of Florida . 27 IX. South Carolina Invaded by the French and Spanish 30 X. Charles Craven Defeats the Yemassees ... 33 XI. How the Carolinians Fought the Pirates . 39 XII. Proprietary Government Overthrown ... 44 XIII. Scotch, Welsh, and German Settlers in South Carolina 47 XIV. The People of South Carolina Make Their . Own Money Laws 52 XV. The Cultivation of the Indigo Plant .... .54 XVI. Treaties with the Indians of the Upper Country 58 XVII. Patrick Calhoun, the First Lawmaker from the Upper Country 62 IX CONTENTS PART II. — SOUTH CAROLINA'S PART IN THE REVOLUTION CHAPTER PAGE XVIII. The Growth of the Trade of South Caro- lina 68 XIX. Opposition to the Stamp Act 74 XX. The "Liberty Tree" Party 80 XXI. Preparing for War 84 NXII. John Rutledge, First President of the In- dependent State of South Carolina .... 89 XXIII. William Henry Drayton, First Chief Justice of the Independent State of South Caro- lina 92 XXIV. Moultrie's Defence of Charles Town ... 96 XXV. William Thomson Defends Charles Town against a British Army 101 XXVI. Andrew Williamson Defeats the Cherokee Indians 105 XXVII. Henry Laurens, President of the Continen- tal Congress 108 XXVIII. John Laurens at Savannah and Yorktown . 112 XXIX. The British Army Driven out of Northern South Carolina 117 XXX. Francis Marion in the Pee Dee Country . 126 XXXI. Thomas Sumter Again Forces the British from the Upper Country 137 XXNII. Andrew Pickens Helps to Defeat the British 144 XXXIII. South Carolina Becomes a State in the Union 154 PART III. — THE MEN OF THE COMMONWEALTH XXXIV. Thomas Pinckney as Minister to England . 161 XXNV. William Lowndes, the Wise Statesman . 169 XXXVL Langdon Cheves, Lawmaker, Judge, and Banker 174 XXXVII. George McDuffie's Opposition to Unjust Federal Laws 179 CONTENTS XI CHAPTER PAGE XXXVIII. Robert Yonge Hayne in the United States Senate 185 XXXIX. John Caldwell Calhoun's Service to his Country 188 XL. Pierce M. Butler and the Palmetto Regi- ment in the Mexican War 206 XLI. J. Marion Simms, the Great Surgeon .... 210 PART IV. — MEN OF THE CONFEDERATE WAR XLII. Francis W. Pickens, First Confederate War Governor of South Carolina 216 XLIII. Milledge L. Bonham, Second Confederate War Governor of South Carolina 224 XLIV. Maxcy Gregg's Brigade 231 XLV. Samuel McGowan's Brigade 239 XLVI. Joseph B. Kershaw's Brigade 244 XLVII. Micah Jenkins' Brigade 250 XLVIII. Nathan G. Evans' Brigade 254 XL1X. The Brigades of Manigault and Gist in the Mississippi Valley 257 L. Wade Hampton and the Carolina Horsemen in the Confederate War 261 LI. Johnson Hagood's Brigade 279 LII. Simms, Hayne, Timrod, — Poets of Carolina and of the South 282 PART V. — THE MEN OF OUR OWN TIME LIII. Wade Hampton Brings South Carolina again UNDER THE RULE OF WHITE MEN 290 LIV. The South Carolina of To-Day 298 Appendix 307 Index 319 ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS PAGE PAGE John C. Calhoun . Frontispiece Plan of Charles Town Charles the Ninth of (1704) 32 France 2 The Autographs and Coats- Charles the Second of Eng- of-Arms of Governor land 4 Craven and His Council 34 Title-page of Manuscript The Autograph and Coat- Volume: "Laws of the of-Arms of Governor Province of South Caro- Johnson 39 lina" 6 William Rhett 41 Anthony Ashley Cooper . 7 George the Second of Eng- Marks Made by Indians as land 48 Their Signatures to a The Autograph of Chief Deed for Land .... 9 Justice Pinckney ... 52 The Autograph of Gov- Thomas Broughton ... 53 ernor West 11 Charles Pinckney .... 56 Order Issued by Governor The Grave of Catharine Yeamans (1672) to Lay Calhoun 63 Out a Town 14 The Autograph of Patrick St. Michael's Church . 16 Calhoun 66 The Autograph of Gov- The Autograph of Gov- ernor Morton 17 ernor Bull 68 Huguenot Church .... 18 A View of Charles Town The Autographs of Gov- (1765) 72-3 ernor Smith and Colonel Christopher Gadsden . 75 of Rawlins Daniell . .... 20 The Autographs South Carolina Pines ... 21 Lowndes and Christo- The Autographs and Coats- pher Gadsden .... 76 of-Arms of Governor George the Third of Eng- Archdale and His Coun- land 78 cil 23 Thomas Lynch . ... 81 Plan of the Town of Dor- The Autograph of Edward chester 26 Rutledge 82 The Old Castle, St. Augus- Edward Rutledge .... 83 tine 28 William Gibbes 85 . 86 Sir Nathaniel Johnson . 30 Thomas Heyward, Jr. xu ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS XU1 PAGE PAGE The Autograph of Thomas Charles Cotesworth Pinck- Heyward, Jr 87 ney 155 The Liberty Flag .... 88 Fort Moultrie 156 John Rutledge 90 Thomas Pinckney . 157 The Autograph of Presi- The Autograph of Governor dent Rutledge .... 91 Pinckney 159 William Henry Drayton . 93 George Washington . 161 Arthur Middleton .... 94 The State House at Co- William Moultrie .... 97 lumbia in 1794 .... 165 Sergeant Jasper at Fort The Home of William Moultrie 99 Lowndes 170 The Autograph of Captain William Lowndes .... 173 Caldwell . 101 Langdon Cheves 175 A Map of South Carolina Magnolia Cemetery ... 176 in Revolutionary Days 102 Confederate Monument, The Autograph of Colonel Magnolia Cemetery . 178 Thomson 104 George McDuffie .... 179 The Autograph of Colonel Librarv, South Carolina Williamson 105 College 181 Henry Laurens 109 Robert Yonge Havne . 186 Pringle House, Charleston 110 Calhoun in Early 'Life . 190 John Laurens 113 Calhoun in Maturity ... 191 Charles Town in 1780 . 115 The Autograph of Floride Louis the Sixteenth of Colhoun's Father ... 193 France 116 Calhoun Monument, Colonel Banastre Tarleton 119 Charleston 195 Thomas Sumter 121 John C. Calhoun .... 197 Monument Commemorat- Fort Hill 200 ing Huck's Defeat ... 123 St. Philip's Church, Francis Marion 126 Charleston 202 The Battle of Camden . 131 St. Philip's Church, Inte- The Autograph of Col. rior 204 Horry 134 Mexican Monument, Co- The Battle of King's lumbia 207 Mountain 140 J. Marion Sims 212 Andrew Pickens .... 144 The Autograph of Doctor Old Stone Presbyterian Sims 213 Church, Oconee County 146 Country House of John L. Daniel Morgan 147 Manning 215 The Autograph of Henry Francis W. Pickens . 217 Hampton 149 First Baptist Church, The First Wade Hamp- Columbia 218 ton 150 Francis Hugh Wardlaw . 219 "Light-Horse Harry" Lee 151 Hall of the St.