By Jefferson Morley

.1^AA1' 46',24r1 , rkit 4P01,1461,

MIAMI

For 38 years the CIA has lied about its man in Miami, his work with militant Cuban exiles, and what he knew about John F. Kennedy's killer

(A SPecial Report>

REVELATION

By Jefferson Morley

Best of Miami readers' poll: Stand no and he counted!

',Vim says there's no good live music in Miami? Come to the New Nies Vibe festival this Saturday and check out some great bands. Concert guide inside.

Volume 16. Number I,

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Apr11 12-10, 2001

mianalnemtimse.eam After nearly four decades the CIA has been forced to disclose the identity of a Miami agent who may have known too much too early about Lee Harvey Oswald

By Jefferson Morley

REVELATION

When Fidel Castro's Revolutionary-Armed Forces routed the LIS—backed Cuban exiles in the Bay- of Pip Basco 40 years ago this week, Prmidentjohn F. Kennedy tteik full responsibility For the defeat. Rut the contrition of the young commander in chief. while popular with the American people, played poorly among the tens of thousands of Cubans living here in Miami. Marry believed the liberal chief executives refusal to send planes to support- the men scrambling far cover at PlayaGil-naives a Failure of nerve, if note betrayal. And to this day a certain embittered distrust of Washington, born four decades ago, runs deep in Cuban Miami. erupting whenever the federal government (in the person oflinet Rena or farm-belt Republicans in Congress) pur- sues policies canonry to the agenda of the first generation of el exilic,. asst the truth is that whatever the disappointment of the Bay of Pip,. Miami's Cuban exiles have never lacked for support at the highest levels of the U.S. government From the beginning their ariti;Castro cause was taken up by senior leaders of the Cencral Intelligence Agency, who encouraged their ambitions to debt, uy the Cuban regime. For 38 years one of the most powerful of [base leaders has guarded a secret about the events leading up to Kennedy's violent death, .3 secret potentially damaging to the exile cause as well as to the agency ussuaa rt on gaga 26

24 MIAM1 MEINTIMRS APRIL 1.1-113. znal miandriaothn, _ •

four million pages of long-secret march protesting the visit to Revelation eontirmeeereniewiesee documents - including a thin file Havana of Soviet envoy Anas- an ereienides. Yet even then the Sea MBroyen in February 1960. The man is Richard Helms, former CIA was claiming that no one in When pro-Castro forces director of the CIA. Now retired and liv- the agency had had any contact greeted the young Cuban ingin the swank Foxhallsecdon ofWash- with the DRE throughout 1961. democrats with lead pipes and (neon, D.C., the 89-year-old Helms The Joannides story, Tunheim aka Shellin Flying fists, Muller and Ca. declined interview requests for this story, says today -shows that the CIA decided to take up arms against the basic facts of which have emerged wasn't interested in the truth Castro's proletarian dictator- from recently declassified .17K film about the assassination." ship. They went ro Miami, Through four intensive investigations Journalist and author Gerald where it was safer to plan their of the Kennedy asstasinition. Helms Posner, whose 1991 best seller Laid to Exiles; activities and stockpile the withheld information about a 1_021 CIA Case Closed argued that the equipment necessary for mili- officer in Miami - a dapper, multilingual OEM's harassment of Oswald tary action. In the fall of 1950 the Lawyer and father of three - who guided was a "humiliation" that pro- group returned to the island and and monitored the DIrectorio 'tomtit. pelled him on his way to shoot organized boycotts at colleges cionario Estudiantil (the Revolutionary the president, says he finds the e Warn and high schools in the capital. Joannides piece of the JFK When Castro spoke at the Uni- By puzzle to be "obviously imPor• bacakEL O'NEILL. - versity of Havana. DRE members tent" and suggests that the WaghingtOn, Aug.'25 (NEWS Bureau).—The set off more than 100 bombs at CIA is ;ectoevneerel ph Its o wn U.S. spiked Cuban charges of the fringes of the crowd. IN THE EARLY SIXTIES. view AMetienn aggresSioi While the CIA trained an exile the agency's 'intransig tonight bypinning the blame for Last nights shellini army in Guatemala for on island THE DRE WAS AT THE ence, Of Havana on,,a group lying, and dissembling Miami and ,iiiirning thay.of Cuban"„ student exiles it invasion in the spring of CUTTING EDGE OF THE once again contributinga tote 1961. agency officials mr.ffee suspicions of conspiracy," would be punished: ; informed the ORE and CUBAN RESISTANCE G. Robert Blakey, who J.._ 111°. 4fnte I:tenet-men!: h other groups inside Cuba that something big would MOVEMENT. general far House Select soon take piece. but. citing onherF s s a a ri a Cse" securiry concerns. the agency's mn:cTertbrFtbria n rb:L3 Anfilr silence ecenpro 1.,trzeeol otmglaliaL:71urYSP:Tai.v71.-'‘t'::::4' *-11- - officials refused to inisedrhat +hared gat k. aunt. announce when and Student Directorate, or DRE). His name where the attack would dr.hvo eienn dg.631vi f id°1:.16.3";ff, n iZer t b 4i was George Jeennities, and his charges in nidesnwas O7Frei'aetk el:;hf 1 din: occur. Salvat organized a the DRE were among the moot notori- Would have demanded that network of active support- ously oumpoken and militant anti-Castro the agency take him off the Tee- arratesetior ers among Catholic and ems-wite nell.eer• Cuban exiles in the early Sixties. Far sev- job jof responding to corn- ay tee« reparweb. middle-class students eral .reeks lo the summer of 1963, those mitten inquiries)," he asserts ` throughout Cuba. Muller same exiles tailed. came to blows with, would have sat him dawn and built a nucleus of ,guteffro and harassed Lee Harvey Oswald, who Interviewed him. Under oath." Mlles in the Eacanthtuy just a few months later changed the ouflaged Mountains. Then without course of U.S. history. The story begins on November 6, 1.962. sites around the warning tame the April 17 Helms never told the Warren Commis, The Cuban Missile Crisis had just conic to island, was based With help horn CIA p3tran David Atlee trt333iOnettne Bay Pigs.. Sean - the presidential panel set up after an end the-week before, when Kennedy on information Phillips, the DBE task I shut at Castro Before the DRE could Kennedy's death to investigate the AMU- accepted the Soviet Union's decision to provided by the late one summer's alert In 1462 mobilize, the invaders election - about his officer's relationship withdraw all its missiles from the Island. Revolutionary . were trounced and Castro with the exile group. He never disclosed The fear of nuclear war that had lasted for Student Directorate. cracked down on his foes. Salver eluded that the CIA was funding the EIRE when thirteen anxious clays was easing. At the time the ARE was the single cert.-nee, but scores of DRE sympathizers it bad contact with Oswald, who was That afteenoen the Evening Star in most popular exile group in Miami. wound up in prison_ is a blow to the DRE, agitating un Castro's behalf in New Washington hit the newsstands with a dia. according to a CIA-survey, with a hard- cofounder Muller was among than Orleans In August 1962. A skillful eubing from, page headline: "Exiles Tell of care fallowing of 2200 supporters. Since caught and imprisoned. Others took bureaucrat. Helms withheld flies on Missiles Hidden in Cuba Caves." The the group's founding on the University of refuge in the pecked embassies of sympa- Oswelire pm-Castro-zeds-hies from sn in- Stays scoop which alleged the existence Havana campus in early 1960, it had been thetic Latin-American nations. house investigation of the accused asses- of seven previously unidentified and cam- receiving funding, training and logietical As the Directorate's leaders straggled aim (and when the veteran support for its leaders, back to Miami. they embodied the bitter officer in charge of that thanks to a CIA officer mood that enveloped the city in 1961. But probe protested, Helots named David Atiee Phillips, with assistance from David Atlee Phillips relieved him of his duties). known for his role in the and the CIA, Salvor, Fernandez-Rocha, Helms stonewalled 195-4 overthrow of a leftist and engineer Isidro "Chiba" Rorie again in 1978. when Con- government in Guatemala, revived the DEL gress created the House Bpi:hotline of the itaissilecri- In the summer of 1961. Fernandez- Select Committee. on els, the agency was giving the Rocha sneaked back into Cube and spent Assassinations to re-exam- group's young leaders in several dangerous months trying to shore ine Kennedy's murder. Miami 520900 each month up the group's clandestine network. With Once more the CIA kept The CIA wanted the DRE continuous funding from the U.S. govern. every detail of loannides's "for one simple reason,' meat, the DRE headquarters In Miami mission In Miami under recoils Luis Fernandez- wee able to send delegates to internetional wraps. Worse still, in Rocha, the Directorate's sec- conferences in Vienna and Helsinki. The veiled contempt of that rotary-general et the time group published a newspaper. Trinchera inquiry, the CIA assigned and a 23-year-old who had (Trenches), and an English-language to bandies himself the been expelled from medical newsletter, the Cuban Report, which often jab of deflecting sensitive school at the University of was cited by New York Sen. Kenneth inquiries from the-commit, Havana_ "We had the best Keating, a leading Republican critic of tee's investigators. organization in Latin Amer- .1T"K's Cuba policy. Additional DRE chap- As recently as 1998, the -lea they had ever seen." tem sprang up in cities throughout North agency still disavowed any Fernandez-Roches boast and SouthAmerica. knowledge of Joannieles's is not idle. In the early Six- To announce the revival of the Dime- action's in Miami. John . ties the ARE was at the rut- torare, the group's military section Tunhelm, now a federal ring edge of the Cuban launched its most spectacular deed on the judge in Minneapolis, 5 resistance movement. evening of August 24, 1962. Uncles the chaired the federal Assassi- i Founded by Alberto Muller. leadership of Salver and Boris, two boats nation Records Review Ernest. Travieso. and Juan of DRE militants carried out a midnight Board, which between 1994 For nanny four decade,. CIA &recta! Richard Halms managed to nide Ms Manuel Salver, the Dime- fusillade attack on the Rosite Homeric, and 1998 opened more than Hato Oftrairrs antagonists in Miami totem was born during a hotel in suburban Miramar, where Cas-

21 MIAMI NIWilleall wealt. ta-lii. rniemleerrtImes cam

Bringuier called Borja Co ask Oswald defended Castro's policies, what he should do next. 'Our Stuckey suddenly shifted gears. Was it isomer to him was just 'face true, the moderator asked, that Oswald him down,'" she farmer mili- had lived in Russia? terpsection chief retails. 'Co "That is correct, and I think those - out there and contest him_ Talk the fact that I did live for a time In the ED the press, uncover this guy." Soviet Union - gives me excellent quail- And Bringuier did just that On August 16 another friend of Bringuicr in the Directorate w-wwwarlilir"grae■a" reported that Oswald was again handing out FPCC pamphlets, Bringuier sent the friend to KIANNIDES'S NAME Oswald's house posing es a Cas- tro supporter to find out who IS UNKNOWN. HE DOES was backing his work. NOT APPEAR IN ANY . Meanwhile Orovald'S support for the Cuban revolution OF THE HUNDREDS had caught the attention of a local radio host named Bill OF BOOKS ABOUT THE Stuckey, also a friend of Bringuier. Stuckey Invited ASSASSINATION. Oswald to speak on his weekly program and asked Bringuler to participate. Before the planned debate. Bringuier When tea Haney Oswald handed out pro-Castro pamphlets ors ■ New Orleans start comer In anoint wrote to Miami, to Jose Anto- hag-ions to repudiate charges that Cuba 1963. the CIA-funded DOE wan watching carefully nio Lanza. who was in charge and the Fair Play For Cuba Committee is of the ORE's North American Corornuniar controlled." Oswald replied, when he was seventeen years old.. After a chapters, requesting background on the obviously taken aback. Revelation meshes horn sap 27 series of tours in the Far East, he asked for FPCC. Lamaze sent back information from would Lice m know,- Bringuier chimed a discharge in 1959 Sympathetic to com- the Directorate's files. is "if it is the Fair Ptsy far Cubs Committee Shackley's assessment was on target. munism, he moved to the Soviet Union On Saturday evening, August 2i, 1463. or Fan Play for Russia Committee" In a strategy' memo to the Directorate in and lived for two years in ham& He mar- Bringuier and Oswald debated the Cuban Bringuier was pleased with the pro- May 1963, Salvia proposed that the ORE ried a Russian girl but became disillu- revolution over radio station WDSLt fn grant. When it was aver, he drafted a press continue to take CIA funding while the sioned with socialism end brought his the middle of the discussion, is which release that called on the U.S. Congress to military secnon, under Borja's leadership. wife back to the United investigate Lee Homey would act covertly to evade Washington's States. They settled in New Oswald and denounce the control. The DRE's pat Salver wrote in Orleans. where, by the spring FPCC. A rewritten and the memo (preserved in the University of of 1962, be began to call atten- slightly toned-down version Miami's Cuban Heritage Collection), was tion to himsolf ae a supporter of the press release was 'to strike a surprise blow so strong as to of Fidel Castro. issued in the name of the bring about the fulfillment of [the military Carlos Bringuier told Directorate. as well as Alpha section's] *eta overthrow Castro. Thule that Oswald had tried 66 and five other hard-line As Borja safeguarded the group's to infiltrate the group on exile groups. Bringuler also boats and guns on Catalina Island, Just August S by walking into the sent a note to Lanuza three off the southern coast of the Dominican local headquarters of the days after die debate, abat- Republic, be heard from a clues friend. Directorate and offering to ing, 'You can rest assured Carlos Bringuier, with whom he had train commandos to fight that the traitor Lee H. grown up on the beeches of Tarara, just Castro. Four days later a ORE Oswald (the same one who east of Havana. "Carlitos' Borja remi- supporter reported to tried to infiltrate the DRE nisces. "We called him Vistilla (near- Bringuier that he'd seen here) came off looking so sighted], because he was a little bit blind, Oswald on a street corner bad that it is possible that be and his glasses were this thick. Fie was handing out pamphlets for will have to be trinasferred our delegate in New Orleans. He notified the Fair Play for Cuba Cam, by his organization ID OS that this guy was putting in propa- mittee (FPCC), the best- another city.' ganda all throughout New Orleans, and known pro-Castro group in ▪ (Although Fernandez- he wanted our directions." the United Stales. Bringuier . Rocha says he has "no spe- The guy was Lee Harvey Oswald and his friends went to find i cific recollection" of telling the double-dealing leftist. As George Joannides about the At age 23 Oswald had lived an itineran they angrily denounced him, ...11 Directorate's actions spinet He grew up in New Orleans and New ■crowd gathered and police luso Manuel Salrot and .18$6 Naletto In 1942 'We warded to put Oswald, Borja recalls that York City, and enlisted in the Marines broke up the altercation. pressure On Ceara" the CIA officer was "del-

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tro's Soviet-bloc advisors were gathering. vision no km — but softened the (The man who fired the 20mm cannon reprimand by adding that he wanted was Jose Basulto, now famous as founder to forge a "reasonable collabora- of Brothers to the Rescue.) tion" with the DBE. He understood Meanwhile the CubanReporr was pub- their disappointment with V.S. pol- lishing information provided by Luis Fer- icy, he said He confided that he was nandez-Rocha from inside Cuba that the promoting a new agent in Miami Soviet Union was installing large ballistic who would be "personally responsi- missiles on the island. The Kennedy ble to me" for the success of the White House dismissed such claims as relationship. exile exaggeration, but within weeks aer- ial-reconnaissance photos confirmed the For this sensitive task Helms reports. The nsissile crisis ensued. selected an up-and-corning politi- When that confrontation ended peace- cal-action officer, George Efythron fully that fall — but with Castro still in Joannides, who had been trans- power — the DRE again sought to force ferred to Miami earlier that year the United States to confront Cuba. On and was working as deputy chief of November 12, just six days sifter the Star psychological warfare operations story broke, Fernandez-Rocha appeared against the Castro government. on The Today Show and repeated the With a staff of 24 and a budget of details, claiming that nuclear missiles had $2.4 million, he ran his clandestine been stashed in caves in the Yurnuri valley activities out of a ramshackle office in Matanzas, in the hills of Camaguey, and building in then-rural South Dade in Hershey In Havana province — and that that was known to CIA hands by its he had seen the sites with his own eyes. aquatic cede name; JM/WAVE sta- Kennedy was incensed at Fernandez- tion. Joannides reported to station Rocha's brashness so soon after the near- chief Theodore G. Shackley, who nuclear confrontation with the Soviet was overseeing one of the CIA's Union had been defused. 'The refugees," largest operations in the world, with the president told his advisors, "are natu- an annual budget of more than $50 rally trying to build up the story in an million, more than 100 leased vehi- effort to get us to invade [Cuba]." He cles, several thousand Cuban agents. ordered the CIA to rein in the young and 300-plus American employees. exiles, and within 24 hours Richard Joannides sins 40 years old then, Helms summoned Fernandez-Rocks to a native New Yorker who had Washington. attended City College and St. John's The 49-year-old deputy director spent University School of Law in Queens. The DRE blue 40 (clockwise from bottom): Organizational masterre Inn Juan Manuel salynt the better part of a day grilling Fernan- Recruited for the CIA in 1951..hed flanked by businessman lose &Menlo Lanura. Brothers to the Rescue leader lose Results. dez-Rocha and, according to the CIA's Spent eleven years in Greece and end spiritual founder anted° Muller minutes of that meeting, concluded that Libya, confounding communists and the new missile allegations were not alto- influencing local politicians. He was a Nazabal sugar mill in central Cuba. They encouraging their propaganda cam- gether reliable. Helms rebuked the Dire, ;ammo/Ian man. fluent in French and sent word of the operation through Joan- paigns and intelligence-collection wrote for going public — on national tele- Greek, competent in Spanish. He wore aides to Richard Helms, according to a efforts. But by the summer of 1963. the tailored suits, spun bilingual puns. and declassified CIA cable. but Joannides DRE harbored an 'extremely bitter ani- enjoyed Greek pastries. He and his emphasized the CIA's opposition, and the mosity" toward Kennedy, according to PRINCIPAL PLAYERS wife. Violet, and their three children raid never took place. The Kennedy Ross Crozier, Joannides's predecessor. In lived in suburban anonymity on SW White House, wanting no return to the fact they were scarcely less hostile ro the 65th Avenue in what is now the Village tensions of the missile crisis, then president than to Castro. Basalt% Jose DRE gunner of Pinecrest cracked down hard an Cuban Miami. In On July 31 Joannides was promoted to Blakey, Q. Robert Grneral counsel to Luis Fernandez4locha. now a doc- April 1963 the Immigration and Natural- chief of paychoiogical warfare operations the House Select Comm iinee on Amami- tor at Mercy Hospital, recalls his initial ization Service issued an administrative at the IM/WAVE station in South Dade. nations meeting with "Howard," as the CIA. order forbidding 25 of the most militant Among his most notable accomplish- Bode, laldro -Chtlo" DRE military-sec- man called himself, Howard spoke exile leaders from leaving Dade County ments, his supervisor wrote, was his tion leader confidently, with a New York accent. without permission. On the list were "excellent job in the handling of a signifi- Bringuler. Carlos DRE representative in and wore an ornate pinky ring. In Fer- DRE secretary-general Fernandez' cant student exile group. which hitherto New Orleans nandez-Rochtes view he compared had successfully resisted any important favorably with the DRE's previous Crozier, Row CIA degree of control." agent based in Miami handler, Ross Crozier. "[He] was a Escalanta, Fabian Chiclacounterin- Chilo Borja has a clear recollection of great human being, but he was a ser- the summer of 1963. Now the owner of a ielligrnce for Cuba's security services geant," Fernandez-Rocha says. "When 'WE WORKED WITH Miami air-conditioning business, he was Fernendez-Rucha, Luis DRE secretary. I was dealing with this guy Howard, I 28 yearn old at the time. Skilled with guns general was talking to a colonel." THE CIA,' RECALLS and familiar with boats, he became the Rad,lindon Investigative*** the Howard was always available, Fer- chief of the group's military section in House Select Committee 00 ASsasaina- nandez-Racha adds. The agent would JUAN MANUEL Miami in 1961.1n the summer of 1963, the dorsi meet him anywhere from "three times SALVAT. WE NEVER Directorate was desperate and divided. Hellas, Richard CIA director a week to once every two weeks. We "At this point there's a big wedge between Hemet, J. Edgar FBI director used to have a cup of coffee at a SUBORDINATED the international faction and the military JuannIdes, George CIA agent based in Howard Johnson's on U.S.]." faction of the ORE." Borja remembers. Mimic agency liaison to the ORE The relationship was complicated. OURSELVES TO THEM." "The CIA is pumping money to do any- Lanuza, Jobb Antonio DRE's director of While the DRE was financially thing in Latin America, but it's not giving North American chapters dependent on the CIA, its leaders anything for anything in Cuba. We have a publicly vilified Kennedy Mullet, Alberto DRE for his lot of our good friends that are killed or cofounder actions regarding Cuba the Bay of Phillips, David Attie CIA agent in jail. Alberto [Muller] is in jail. We've Pigs defeat followed by a missed Rothe, military-section leader Chilo Salvat, Juan got to tell these people that we are still Manuel ORE propaganda opportunity to topple Castro during Borja, and propaganda chief Juan doing something" thief the missile crisis. When the president Manuel Salvat, the group's corpulent, Along with his good friend Salvat, Shackley, Theodore CIA Miami station came to Miami on December 29.1962, hot-tempered mastermind. Borja was undeterred by the Kennedy chief to welcome returning Bay of Pigs pris- The exiles didn't obey the order. "We administration's crackdown on the miles, Travieso, Ernesto DRE cofounder Mere at the Orange Bowl, DRE lead- worked with the CIA." recalls Salvat. and their antagonism didn't go unnoticed. Whitten, John CIA agent who headed ers stayed away in disgust. "We never subordinated ourselves to The Miami station chief, Ted Shackley. probe of Lee Harvey Oswald In the spring of 1963, the Direr- therm" Nor did the Directorate's mem- had long since warned CIA headquarters torate's military section continued to bers try to hide their anger. Joannides that the DRE's attitude toward U.S. poll- plan raids on island targets, drawing walked a fine line — trying to discourage cymakers "was one of contempt repeat up an elaborate scheme to destroy the the group's military ambitions while contempt" 0111061166 611 amp 28

miewlainallmee.aam APRIL 12-1e. 100t MIAMI ITEWTIMIES 27

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chief Solent made a six-day trip to Luis Fernandez-Rocha was called in to Revelation carunare ears onee as Dallas, though he remembers he receive the news that the agency was cut- didn't Inform Joannides of the mis- ring off its support. declassified CIA files. Reports were sion. The purpose, he recalls during Three days later Kennedy traveled to filed monthly by Joennideles successor an interview at his family's Calle Dallas. As the presidential motorcade as well (And Joannides himself Onho bookstore, Libreria & Dis- passed by a friendly crowd in Dealey received praise in a July1963 perform- tribuidora Universal, was to bolster Plaza, Kennedy was struck by gunfire in ance evaluation for his "adherence to the DRE chapter there, raise funds the back and head and died instantly in valid reporting techniques.") among local exile supporters, and his wife's arms. Ninety minutes later From the public record, we know buy weapons. As first revealed in police arrested a suspect in the shoot- bow the JM/WAVE station, located Oswald Talked, a 1996 book by Dal- ing Lee Harvey Oswald. adjacent to what is now Metrozoo in las journalists Ray and Mary La South Miami-Dade. operated during Fontaine, Salvat's trip later came to What exactly did George Joannides do on Joannides's tenure in Miami. Case offi- the attention of the FBI. According November 22, 1963, when news of cers such as he were required to file to FBI interviews with two of his Oswald's arrest spread? Few records exist reports with their "reporting officers." friends in the DRE military section, to provide an answer. These rewrite men synthesized the Salvat arranged a series of meetings In 1978 Jose Antonio Lanuza told information for station chief Ted in Dallas with a gun dealer of fer- Gaetoo Fortzi, an investigator for the Shackley. who reviewed the reports, vent right-wing views named John House Select Committee on Assession- edited them. added his own comments, Thomas Masan. That name would and sent them on to Washington. In a be of interest to the FBI after the brief telephone conversation in assassination, when the bureau December 1998, Shackley confirmed learned that Moen was one of only THE DRE TOOK OUT that Joannides did report regularly on two people in the Dallas area who the ORE, if not monthly then at least sold the type of Mannlicher-Car- AN AD OFFERING quarterly. But when pressed to explain cano bullets that had killed why no reports could be found in the Kennedy. Salvat says he has no rec- TEN MILLION DOLLARS files, he replied that be wouldn't want In the fall of 1963, CIA Miami station chief Ted ollection of Masen's name but TO PERSONS WILLING to speculate. then canceled a previously Shackle" warned Washington that the ORE regarded reports that he relied on the CIA for scheduled interview. U.S. policymaiims with contempt The names of weapons supplier,. TO HELP THE GROUP Six retired CIA operations officers His own notes show he returned to interviewed for this article agree that The former would be a violation of Title Miami on October 15,1963. ASSASSINATE after November 22,1963, Joannides had a 18 of the U.S. Criminal Code, the latter a A little more than a week later, on duty to report, in writing, whatever he violation of the JFK Assassination October 24, the Directorate presented the FIDEL CASTRO. knew about the relationship between the Records Collection Act_ CIA with a plan for an ambitious attack on Directorate and Oswald_ "He would have Cuba. The group proposed to insert four- been completely remiss if he didn't,' says If ORE members were "up to their eyes" teen commando learns, totaling 200 men, Justin Gleichauf. a retired CIA official with Oswald in August 1963, the modest inside the island. The fighting force would tions, how the DRE reacted to Kennedy's who worked in Miami in the early Sixties. propaganda victory provided by the instigate an uprising against Castro's murder. On November 22. 1963, Lanuza "[The Directorate's members] were up to WDSU radio debate was just the impetus 25.000-man army while being resupplied was coordinator of the DRE's North their eyes with this guy [Oswald], and they needed for ratcheting up their anti- by the CIA. American chapters. When he heard the they hadn't told him? He must've been hot Castro schemes. In early September the Joannides's reaction to the scheme Is news stories linking Oswald ro the shoot- about that He undoubtedly reported It, JM/WAVE station received a copy of a unknown, but JM/WAVE station chief ing, he remembered delegate Carlos and in smithy." national tabloid called See, in which the Shackley's was scathing. In a cable to Bringuier's reports from New Orleans John Pereira, retired chief of the CIA's DRE had taken out an advertisement headquarters, Shockley scorned the DRE and went to DRE headquarters to check Office of Historic Review, concurs. •On offering ten million dollars to persons leaders for imagining themselves "the his files. There he found Bringuier's let- anything that important," he says, "the willing to help the group assassinate equals of generals and ambassadors.' He ters about the confrontations with normal reporting would have gone in Fidel Castro. recommended that all funds to the Direc- Oswald, along with tapes of the WDSU writing.' On September 15. the DRE's records torate', military section be cut off. A week radio debate. The group's leaders gath- "There may not be a report in the file,' show, Salvia and his cohorts used 5660 later Richard Helms agreed. Joannides. ered, he said, and one of them — Saban, adds Peter Jessup, a CIA officer assigned provided by the CIA to travel to New York who bad been paying maintenance Fernandez-Roches or Borja — "made the to the National Security Council in 1963. City to challenge pro-Castro students expenses for the group's boats and guns, first outside call about the discovered 'but you can he sure there was a report? speaking at a conference in midtown had to deliver the message. On November material." That call, he said, went to the If there were such a report, someone at Manhattan. The resulting brawl made 19, 1963. while President Kennedy was in DRE's case officer at the CIA's the CIA either destroyed it without page one of the New York Times. Miami speaking to Latin-American news- JM/WAVE station in Miami. authorization or Is still keeping it secret. And on October 9, DRE propaganda paper publishers under tight security, The Directorate "was told by the CIA

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Perhaps humiliated in the radio the hundreds of books about the assassi- contact with the DRE in 1963. "Major At this the review board staff grew debate Oswald did indeed cease all public nation. There is no character based on policy differences between the agency skeptical. Empowered by the JFIC Assas- activities in support of Castro. According him in Oliver Ston e's and ORE developed — because the DRE sin mien Records Collection Act, the to his wife. he spent hie time reading 1991 film MK. board was able to conduct its books and clearde r his rifle nn their bed Joannides's career was own check of agency files, and porch. The Directorate, Bringuier now only forted into the pub- in March 1998 Michelle says, soon forgot about the FPCC adven- lic recmdbythe immense Combs, an investigator who turer. A few weeks later, Bringuler says he popularity of Stone's C o F ] had once worked at the CIA, ran Into en FBI agent who told him movie. In response to uncovered Joannides's person- Oswald had left New Orleans. That was renewed interest in the Car nel file. The board ruled that the file was en assassination- M111=Rit' 1Z=Na' MElL' 1=20MeiMMIP.L-' related retard and ordered that it be made public. The file seems unexceptional. •- ars It contains just four performance ■■ ■■■ =..,•• ": Ih■■•=1:17.. reviews, three of them written during Joannides's tenure at the mni■m, 0.ma a..., ..L..= South Dade Jeff WAVE station and one from 1978- The reviews describe his day-to-day responsi- bilities, grade his performance, and include written comments QUI MC arUlall burillag weraw. CU.* .1.1 rows from his supervisor. That much .m1 Ircrobalmora and 4/4 L.. Arthur,. zed van-c....1..d...1 was fairly routine arias tar sea... taalipe. re pediteal More intriguing was what the an mad a Yeauswar-.11. apparalua files did not contain. The CIA's archives contained no reports, "tiaSTORICAL REE/I5VNIDaM receipts, memoranda, notes, or RELEASIASWIffi- cables that accounted for how rit 217 1998 the Directorate spent U.S. funds in August 1963 (when Joarusidas As deputy thief of psychological venture, CIA agent George laanaldee ran ter., Cuban charges were in contact the ORE undercover *Idle working out of tins South Dade office hulking with Oswald) or for November 1963. when Kennedy was slain. In true In late September Oswald took altos JFK reorder, open- fact there are no reports in the file to Mexico City, where hecried to obtain a government advocate for the entire seventeen-month vise for travel to cube end the Soviet Rep Leek's:aeon, an period he handled the DRE, from Union. (Coincidentally David Atlee Indiana Democrat, Decemher 1961 to April 1964. Phillips. the DRE's first CIA handler, was secured unanimous Although Joannides'a personnel monitoring the Cuban embassy at the passage of the JFK file stated he was paying the time.) Oswald's request was denied. Assassinuiso Records Directorate for "intelligence col- Returningtu the States, he went to Collection Act, lection" and "propaganda," the where he moved Into a boardinghouse intended to clarify public confusion CIA's Office of Historic Review under an assumed name. Seven weeks about theDealeyFlasa tragedy. The law cre- would not take directions or instructions maintained that it had no reports from later Kennedy was dead. ated an independent civilian panel with about a number of operational matters, Joannides about the group's intelligence unique powers to decimally JFK files, even insisting on engaging in activities the and propaganda activities. George Joannides's name is unlosown to OM the objections of federal agencies. agency did not sanction." Harrelson Why is the absence of those docu- JFK historians. Unlike the countless Between 1994 and 1998, when its funding wrote. It was a mystifying response, espe- ments significant? Because such report- sow ndrels and spies who haunt the vast ran out the pine, known es the Assassina- cially since the CIA had already allowed ing almost always was mandatory. Can- literature of the assassination, his cameo tion Records Review Board,'dislodged lbw publication of the name of Joannides's wary to Hollywood images of espionage, role In the tragedy has been neither docu- million pages of classified documents. predecessor, Ross Crozier. operations officers spend a lot of time at mented nor debated. His mime does not Among the new records were portions of Than who, I asked, was Howard? For- their desks doing paperwork. As a appear in the 26 volumes of evidence col- George Joannides's personnel file. They mer members of the ORE had described bureaucracy that collects information lected by the Warren Commission in1964. confirmed he was the Mrs case officer him in detail to me. The Directorate's systematically and processes it effi- His relationship to the DRE was unknown During Its ea:is-mace the review board records corroborate their accounts of ciently, the CIA Expects and requires its to New Orleans District Attorney Jim and its staff solicited help from the public working closely with him in 1963. employees to account for their efforts. Garrison. whose JFK conspiracy case in locating JFK records. In December Harrelson professed ignorance. Such written reports were filed monthly failed to persuade a New Orleans jury in 1997 I suggested that the board ask the "Knowledgeable case officers" had been by Joannides's predecessor, Ross Crozier. 1969. Joannides's actions do not figure in Cato review its files on the Revolution- consulted. he wrote, and no one knew of and are found in centlemod an pgia no

REAL WOOD! *iv Spring Break is almost here, No Particle Board. . 1.1port Oiled Fran Cumin•IN Do you have your gear? • Leans Clapp{ BOOKCASES •1. , ry STARTING AT • imn Woks • Ima •FUN Ilamn6lan • Hall M.kcCarotss Wahine Blue 3 • tlxfog '89Finenciry L.r/..i nit IT 004ary AvulsI31s WOODWORKS •Wake Boards •Accessories • Surf Apparel HOME FIJRHISHING5 -Surf Boards •Backpacks Swirrtweer 4.251 5 Gal py Sams noun • Skate Boards •Shoes-Sertsclals • Snowboarti, FL 33178 hoarert 11 5- aprn peel 'marts SlIrday non Spy 1164 Solidi Dixie Hwy 786242.6585 • Wikrinebiu@aolzoin orlsrnInewtlines.eoni APRIL 13-10, 1001 MIAMI RIWT10111 av the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) in 37Th NivERsARY/ response to a revival of JFK assassination-conspiracy specu- 6 / .7 lation. and the committee's aggressive young investigators began to request sensitive files from the CIA. Officials at the suits agency grew concerned. How gergleAntem1,41•11=1. could they filter the questions? Deputy Counsel Scott Breckin- '''..7:5 ridge thought Joannides would 7;Sole $399 be just the man to handle Slacks requests for records. Breckin- hew lees ridge. who Is now retired, said in $99 *1999 interview that he couldn't recall if he knew about Joan - Sporteoats nides's 1963 mission in Miami Ibis Yobs,' when he made the offer. "He was 41S9o,W Sale $249 ■ man who had a good reputa- Shelly Bloom's tion? Breckinreige recalled. "He knew his way around and knew the (Operations Directorate, the division in charge of mounting covert actions]." Breckinridge 2610 MM. StIs Awn.. M. 71.0 3017 • 121311.110. 115-1734.17 remembered that Joannides was especially adept at tracking down information. ''He could find Robert Blakey frwerttlgsted the easeeelnelon tor things in a hurry," he said. Congress In the late Seventies. tan only recently In June 1978 Joannides teamed how badly George loannIdes had duped him began his new assignment back NOBODY ORM YOU at the office of the C IA's general counsel. Although he'd suffered health Revelation reennued hero papal problems, his wit remained intact. lie even joked with colleagues about the met for coffee, he says, around Christmas noise made by a mechanical valve doctors MORE MUM: FOR that year. The nation was still in mourn- had installed In his heart a few years ear- ing. With the Cuba dilemma receding lier. As he worked with congressional from national attention — and with the investigators, he betrayed nothing about FBI pursuing a lone-gunman theory over his own participation in or knowledge of a Castro conspiracy — Joannides, in his the events of 1963 — nothing about the forthright way, told Fernandez-Rocha the Directorates well-documented hostility Per m9o.h game was over for the Directorate As the toward Kennedy, nothing to suggest he two sipped their cafecitos, the CIA man knew of the DRE's contacts with Oswald. 3 offered some advice: Get out of politics, go "I worked closely with Joannides? says Whenever Minutes back to school. and get on with your life. 600 Fernandez-Rocha was touched by Joan- nides's thoughtfulness. Several months later, in April 1964, Local Weekend Minutes JOANNIDES FOOLED 1000 Joannides left Miami. He was transferred to Athens with a job evaluation that I-11M, BLAKEY ADMITS: praised his performance as "exemplary.' WE ALSO OFFER THE FAMILYTIME PLAN Fernandez-Rocha quit the anti-Castro HE WAS A WITNESS. -0 cause and enrolled in the University of Miami's School of Medicine the following THE ASSASSINATION September. In October 1964 the Warren HAPPENED ON HIS 1000tr 100011:2"6" 1000 'y°5111:15 Commission issued its final report, concluding that Oswald 'alone and unaided" WATCH." r 2 phones • 2 Rgrnben• 1 Bill had killed Kennedy. The commission, of 699:,166 course, knew nothing about Joennides.

$40 WORTH OF ACCESSOP.tE_S' If George Joannides's activities in 1963 were the whole of the story, It would be G. Robert Blakey, former general counsel NLY PHONES' possible, though difficult, to dismiss for the HSC.A who is now a law professor Oswald's encounters with the DRE as a at the University of Notre Dame. "None of freakish twist of fee, an awkward conver- ua knew that he had been a contact agent EE HANCL5FRFE HEADSET" gence of agendas and individuals in New for the DRE in 1963 That was one of the Orleans that was best laid to rest for fear groups we had targeted for investigation? of unleashing myriad conspiracy theories. Gaeton Fonzi, the investigator who'd CONVENIENCE! We come But fifteen years lifter the tragedy, questioned former DRE members in 0 Locations - Cali Today! Joannides resurfaced in the Kennedy Miami For the committee. recalls his own assassination story. During the interven- efforts to get answers from the CIA. When ing time, he had enjoyed continued suc- he had asked who'd handled contacts with cess in the CIA. When Ted Shackley the Directorate in 1963, the committee was became CIA station chief in Saigon, Joan- informed — via the CIA general counsel's aides followed him there and ran covert office — that the agency did not blow. "We operations against the Vietcong in 1970 got the runaround from day one on the and I97L He nett returned to CIA head- ORE," says Fanxi, who now lives in North quarters to work In the general counsel's Bay Village and who eventually wrote a office until he left the agency in 1976 to book blaming the assassination on the start an immigration-law practice in DRE's original patron. Dovid Atlee Washington, D.C. Phillips, and assorted Cuban exiles. The CIA called him out of retirement (Phillips denied the charge until his death two years later. In 1978 Congress created in 1987.) The Joan- eemitheise M pee. 34 bi dfAMP kiCirri APRO etazic Vali` iifilelnavrthens.aam not to do anything or conmet anyone else admirer aPidel Cuero. And it appears As Castro spoke Sate= put the finish, American public was convinced that about the discovery for at least one hour, that he tried to enter [the ORE in New ing touches on a special edition of Oswald had accomplices. time enough (or the agency to contact Orleans] and was not admitted because Trinchero, the Directorate's newspaper. It Washington and get back to them with they thought be belonged to the FBI or featured an English-language banner On November 25, three days after instructions," Lamaze told FonzL Later CIA.... They must know pretty well the headline, "The Presumed Assassins." Kennedy's murder, FBI agent Jim O'Con- that night the case officer tailed beck to kinds of agents the FBI and CIA have. over photos of Oswald and Castro. The nor interviewed lose Antonio Lemma and say the FBI would come by to collect their since they deal with them a lot" George text consisted of reprints of Bringuier's collected the Directorate's file no Oswald, evidence Joannides was one of the few people on letters to the Miami DEE about Oswald including an eight-page memo arguing By then, however, the ORE bad already the planet in a position to know the accu- and the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. that Fidel Castro was the "intellectual gone public. The group "was BO 101CiOUS TO racy of those words. Trinchera also quoted irons a telegram author" of the assassination. get word out about Oswald's associa- But FBI director J. Edgar Hoover tion with a pro-Castro group, that squelched investigations into E [we] waited only about 50 minutes," Cuban or exilic connection. Within Lannon related to Fonzi. Other mem• days of the assassinetion, for exam- hers of the DEE then spread a variety ple, the Secret Service, which had of stories — some true, some false - launched its own investigation, about Oswald: He had attempted to received an urgent report from its infiltrate the Directorate in New Chicago office about a Cuban exile Orleans (true), he had once lived is who had been seeking to buy guns in the home of the Soviet foreign minis- Chicago since September. He was ter (false), he had recently been in traveling in the company of arse Juan Mexico City (true). Francisco Blanco Fernandez, a The details of Oswald's pro-Castro friend of Salvat and a member of the activism, as they hit the American DRE's military section. On the day' airwaves on the evening o f November before the assassination, the exile 22,1965. had an added benefit for the told a Secret Service informant that Directorate: They advanced the long- the group had "plenty of money" and standing goal of the DRE's military would buy weapons "as soon as we section_ "We wanted to put pressure coke rare of Kennedy." But Hoover. on Castro," Save explains today. The whose bureau took over the investi- ploy worked. Castro responded by gation with the support of President putting his Revolutionary Armed Johnson, forced the Secret Service Forces on high alert along Cuba's to drop further inquiries. The FBI northern coast. preferred to pursue the theory that Meanwhile Oswald was in jail In Oswald had acted alone. Dallas. denying he had shot Kennedy Over at the CIA, Richard Helms "I'm a patsy," he told reporters. withheld files an Oswald's pro-Cas- Joannides hod only to read the tro activities from the agency's in- next morning's newspaper to know s. house investigation of the accused his assets in the DItE were exertinga 5. assassin within weeks of the shoot- powerful influence on the coverage Nome after the massioalloo. the ORE publicly Millen Dwain to Plclel Castro, won warned there ing, according to a sworn deposition of the president's murder. Carlos might es a piot afoot to provoke a was with Cuba by John Whitten, the CIA veteran In Bringuier's story appeared in the charge of the probe. When Whitten Miami Meralth "Oswald Tried to Spy on "Oswald could be guilty or innocent; the group had sent to the newly sworn-in protested, Helms reassigned him. Anti-Castro Exile Group' The story also we can't tell," Castro continued. "Or he president, Lyndon B. Johnson: 'May God Not long after Oswald was killed, the made the Washington Peon "Castro Foe could be a CiA or FBI agent. as those peo- enlighten the government of this country ARE laid off its efforts to link him and Details Infiltration Effort." ple [the ORE] suspected, or an instrument at such difficult moments.' Castro. George Joannides continued to Castro continued to play defense. In a of the most reactionary Becton that may Copies of Triechera were being dis- assist the group in ways huge and small. radio speech to the Cuban people the day have been planning a sinister plot_ [He] tributed outside a church on Key Bis- He paid expenses, accepted intelligence after the shooting, he portrayed the may be innacent,a car's paw ina plan very cayne on Sunday merning November 24, reports, and helped "estfil trete' Jorge assassination an e provocation aimed at well prepared by people who knew how when nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot Medina Bringuier, Carlos's cousin and the destroying the revolution. He derided to prepare such plans. Or he may be a sick Oswald in the baaement of the Dallas jail. Directorate's last remaining leader inside Bringuier's statements to the New York man. and if so, the only honest thing is to Nothing would contribute so powerfully Cuba who wasn't in prison. Times that Oswald was a supporter. hand him over for *medical exanaiTlatiOn to the popular belief In a conspiracy as Fernandez-Rocha recalls only one con- "How curious!" Castro said. "They say and not to be starting a campaign Ruby's execution of Oswald. Within days versation with the CIA man after Novem- that he is a Cestroite, a communist, an extremely dangerous to world peace." pollsters found that 60 percent of the ber 22, 1962. They continued en page 32

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•—• ;W- ads'1-01, Daily 10-10 Open Pre-owned Furniture 723 M LimoIn Ln Fumiture/Bric-A-Brac/paints Miami Beach Etwrytbing lop need for home! IN RID. At a 1995 conference former Cuban counterintelligence chief Fabian Fscalente Nett) 305'532••5654 dissected events leading up to November 22. 1963, wtth Investigator Garet. fowl 47681SW 767rit St. • (305) 430-11/44 vevew.41,511Mir.cote 3200 NW 5th Are. • (305) 576-2221 with [the assassination] are people in the Revelation wminund hem pegs 32 DRE," he told the conference. But Escalante was another investigator who knew nothing of Joannides. He empha- aides revelation. Fonzi adds, just recon- ir sized that he didn't think Juan Manuel firms that the CIA deceived the American L Salvat or other military section leaders people about who really was responsible the organisers of the plot. "When for Kennedy's death. were you are going to carry out an operation as The ftSCA issued its final report in complex as this one, you cannot put all February 1979. chillingly concluding that your money on One single horse. You 'in all probability" there had been a con- have to use different ways in order not to spiracy perpetrated by Oswald and per- have any mistakes.* He added. "Obvi- sons whom the committee could not iden- ously the DRE was in on the whole plot tify. Blakey believed the CIA had against Cuba." cooperated fully with the committee. a claim he no longer cares to defend. Joan- aides fooled him, Blakey admits. "He was a witness," he marvels. "The assassination happened on his watch." "1F THERE WAS In November 1976 George Joannides retired permanently. He was not a man to A CONSPIRACY." talk about his work. He once told one of his children he was skeptical of JFK con- SALVAT OFFERS. did not explain why. spiracy theories but "IT WAS AT A MUCH His heart problems worsened in his later years, and he moved to Houston to HIGHER LEVEL receive treatment from renowned sur- He died on 7- GIFTS geon Michael Degakey. THAN THE DRE-' IMO - MUSIC • March 9.1990, at the age of 67, • 5332 OCEAN DR. - 305-673.6300 Family and friends mourned him as a Atowniut .4s30.141611- MID -•••••••••0-4-11!—• .9,90AM. 11PM loving husband, thoughtful father, and delightful and ethical friend. His obituary Salvat shrugs at the suggestion that the in the Washington. Poor on March 14.1990, Directorate had a hand in Kennedy's made no mention of his 28 years of CIA death. His response is self-deprecaring, service. stating only that he had been a not defensive. 'If there was a conspiracy," lawyer for the Defense Department. '44°PETS & VETS t'tt he offers, "it was at a much higher level than the DRE." Fidel Castro and the majority of the Amer- ANIMAL MEDICAL CIS= The Joannides story doesn't prove the ican people don't often agree, but on the existence of an assassination conspiracy, JFK conspiracy question they are like- Vtaxint-wn CA24-12 at pice4. but it does demonstrate that a U.S. got- math minded. In December 1999 Fabian ernment intelligence officer was far bet- ESCILIInTe, retired chief of counterintelli- ter positioned to know about Kennedy's t-f • No Office Visit Fee ANNUAL VACCINATION gence for Csistaxes security services, offered accused killer than the CIA has ever new details of the Cuban interpretation of • 24 Hr. Emergency Care SHOTS FOR CATS& DOGS admitted. Still the agency prefers to bluff Kennedy's assassination. As Castro had rather than to disclose. When 1 asked the • Pick-up/Delivery Service insinuated from the beginning, Cuban $39.9901 CIA in 1999 to explain why J. Barry Har- • House Calls communists believed that certain exiles, of Historic CIA officials who relson of the agency's Office FREE RABIES SNOT working in league with earlier, denied that the • & More IIRG"nr"'%t. loathed Kennedy's Cuba policy, were likely Review had, a year FREE DAM had had any contact with the Direc- responsible for the crime. Speaking at a CL', VITAMINS in 1963, as well as arry knowledge of FREE conference of JFK historians in the torate Joannides'a activities that year, • MAIN OFFICE `FREE OFIVORMINGaili Bahamas. EscaLinte said he had conducted spokesman said the agency could not help 1844 Miami Gardens Dr. the Cuban government's first full-scale 1991 and me. "We think the records speak for 305-949-9999 inquiry into the assassination in claimed he and a colleague had themselves," he replied. (Next to Wendy's) 1992. He interviewed 150 people in Cuba and said he 305-864-6434 305-493-3333 CoreabOt the mew, te Assam the alone Vi 305465-0701 had reviewed all relevant files. 700 71st Street 7405 Collins Ave. 850 Ives Dairy Rd. eraortsMettsenleesetimmom H. Miami, FL 'I think that the people that had to do Miami Beach, FL Miami Beach, FL

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