DOCSLIB.ORG

The Coin Tribes' Revolt Boudica's Rebellion Against Rome

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Coin Tribes' Revolt Boudica's Rebellion Against Rome Sympathy / Opposition (Sym / Opp) The Coin Tribes’ Revolt Each region uses the local will cards to track the opinion of local tribes in the area. Line up the triangles on the tracking cards with those on the map cards. Boudica’s Rebellion Against Rome Orientate the card in landscape when one region is neutral, remove the card entirely when both regions on one side are neutral: 1 - 4 players : 30 - 60 mins playtime : Ages 12+ ● No card = neutral ● Weak sympathy / opposition = 1 × the population value ● Strong sympathy / opposition = 2 × the population value Rulesbook It is 60 AD, Romans have occupied the wild lands of Britannia, and exist in an uneasy peace with the tribes of the land… When the Iceni king dies, Roman greed and brutality triggers a rebellion led by the Iceni queen, Boudica, that tears across the south-east of Britain. With the Roman forces spread elsewhere in Britain, the revolt could forever change the course of history. This is an asymmetrical game of warring factions set in the turbulent times during the early Roman occupation of Britain. It is inspired by the COIN series of games by Volko Ruhnke (GMT), and attempts to recreate the feel of these games within the restrictions of the 9 card nano game format. The game can be played with fewer than 4 players if one or more players control multiple factions. This also allows for solitaire play. Components (9 cards, 18 × 12mm dice) ● One action card showing available actions, and a turn tracker on the Example: Left) Top region is neutral, bottom has 4 opposition (2 perimeter which is also used to trigger the reckoning phase. will×2 population). Right) Top region has 2 opposition (2 will×1 ● Four map cards population), bottom has 4 sympathy (1 will×4 population). ● Two cards to indicate the local will for the four regions ● Two event cards ● One round timing die Bases ● 16 faction dice, four in each faction colour Moving your faction die to the area marked by the palisade wall in the dashed ● One spare die square denotes building a base. Regions Multiple factions can have a base in the same region at the same time. Each map card makes up one region. Three contain cities, with intact and razed cities denoted by circles and crosses respectively. The large numbers in each region show the population value used to calculate sympathy/opposition. Example: The Trinovantes build a base and move their die to Factions the dashed area in the region. ● Romans - The counter insurgency faction, trying to put down the Other factions must expend units rebellion. Win condition: Number of intact cities + total sympathy in to build a base (Romans and all regions ≥ 16 Catuvellauni) or rely on special ● Iceni - The main insurgency faction under Boudica, inciting events (Iceni). rebellion. Win condition: Sum of population values from all razed city regions + total opposition in all regions ≥ 11 ● Catuvellauni - A large nearby tribe that borders the others. They have embraced Romanisation after a long struggle and intend to use all sides to expand their territory and control. Win condition: Number of regions in Catuvellauni control + total number of units ≥ 15 Special Events ● Trinovantes - Allies of the Iceni, but also trying to re-expand their influence after many years of being under the control of Events are special actions that can be very powerful, depending on the Catuvellauni and Romans. Win condition: Number of regions with circumstances. Each event card has four events on it, two on each side, and bases + number of regions in Trinovantes control ≥ 5 therefore when shuffling, you need to flip and rotating the cards as well. Both parts of the event are available to any faction that takes it, but the lighter Influence / Control background is expected to favour the Iceni and Trinovantes, while the darker background is generally more likely to be useful for the Romans and The faction dice are used to track units in each region. Each unit is worth 1 Catuvellauni. After each reckoning (when all kept cards are discarded), or influence, and having a base increases a faction’s influence by 2 (there is a whenever there are no events available, any discarded event cards are shuffled reminder on the map). and laid out as in the starting setup (or with only 1 card, if only 1 is available). If both cards are kept by players, no events can be taken until the next reckoning. A faction has control of a region if they have the greatest influence in that region. If there is a tie, no one controls the region. Example: The first available event is “Boudica’s Rebellion” which allows Razing a city without losing units or, by taking the card, you can eliminate tribes when you battle. When a player takes an event action, they perform the action on the card, or place it in front of them to use the ongoing Example: Catuvellauni have 4 (2+2) influence and Romans have 4 bonus. With the first event (4+0) so no faction controls the left region. Trinovantes have 5 (3+2) taken, the next card “Suetonius influence in the right region and so have control, beating Iceni with 4 Returns” becomes available. (4+0) and Catuvellauni with 3 (1+2). Setup: The arrangement of the cards at the start of a game showing the initial placement of the faction units and the initial will in the four regions. The event cards need to be randomised, as does the initiative dice for all the factions. The remainder of the faction dice should be kept to one side for future use. Playing the game Turn structure ● The game is broken up into five periods, each comprising four turns. Setup This is shown by the numbers around the edge of the action card. To begin the game, place the map cards in the middle of the table as shown in Each period end is marked by the red numbers. the setup diagram, with the intact cities (circles) upwards. ● On the first turn in any period, change the tracking die to read six. Reduce this value by one each subsequent turn in a period. Next, place the local will cards either side of the map to indicate public opinion ● At the start of each turn, roll the spare die. If it matches or exceeds at the start of the rebellion. The white card is for the left two regions, the grey the number of the turn tracking die or it is the fourth turn in the card is for the right two regions. Line up the marks on the will cards with those period (i.e.4, 8, 12, 16, or 20; the red numbers) execute a reckoning on the map cards to track the will as shown: phase after the turn. If, after a reckoning, there are still turns remaining in the period, set the turn die to 1 to remind you that the ● Neutral around Verulamium reckoning has happened, set it to six on the first turn in a new period. ● Strong sympathy around Londinium ● The 1st eligible player chooses a row on the action selection card ● Weak sympathy around Camulodunum and executes the 1st action. ● Strong opposition in the non-city region (top right) ● The 2nd eligible player executes the second action on the chosen row of the action selection card, or passes. Passing increases the number Each player picks a faction, takes the corresponding dice and places them on the on the action die by two. map to reflect starting influence in each region as per the setup image. ● The turn continues until two players have executed actions, or there are no more eligible players, whichever is soonest. Each player rolls one die to determine initiative order, break ties as described ● All players that have acted then reroll their action dice and move below. This is now their action die and should be placed to the left of the action them to ineligible to the right of the action card, ordered with the card ordered top to bottom as eligible. highest number to the top. Tie-breaks are resolved as before. The remaining dice are placed to one side ready if they are required. Shuffle the event cards without looking at them, occasionally flipping them over and rotating 180º to ensure random events and lay them out above the action card as shown in the setup image. Breaking ties ● Each player in the tie must roll the spare die. ● Arrange the initially tied dice so that the player’s die with the highest tie-breaker roll is positioned highest amongst the tied dice. Do not change the value of the initial die roll. ● If necessary, repeat until the tie-break rolls are unique, removing and re-positioning any single winning or losing die any time that a tie-break is broken. Example: Turn 2: Catuvellauni are 1st eligible, Romans are 2nd eligible. ● Repeat tie-break procedure for any set of tied dice (e.g. if the initial Catuvellauni take “Two actions” and the Romans decide to take “One rolls were 6611, there are two separate tie-breaks to resolve). action”. After taking their turns, these factions move to ineligible and reroll ● A passed die always beats an ineligible die of the same number their initiative while Trinovantes and Iceni move from ineligible to when moving them all to eligible (i.e. no tie-breaker required). eligible. The turn tracker die moves on to turn 3,showing a 4. The spare die ● A previously eligible die (that didn’t get to take an action on the rolls a 5! There will be a reckoning at the end of this turn.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service Ancient Gold of the Iceni
    Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service Ancient gold of the Iceni found in Suffolk A morning’s metal detecting back in 2008 lead to the discovery of 840 Iron Age gold coins - the largest hoard of its type found in Britain in over 150 years. Now Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service has until the end of June to raise £300,000 to save this outstanding archaeological treasure for the nation and people of Suffolk. The coins were buried just over 2000 years ago by members of the Iceni tribe whose kingdom covered Norfolk, north Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire. The coins were buried about 40 years before queen Boudica led her famous revolt against the Romans. They offer an unparalleled glimpse into life on the eve of the Roman invasion and are part of the origins and long history of Suffolk communities. Whilst the museum gets down to the business of fundraising people will be able to have a sneak preview of 200 of the coins at Ipswich Museum from May 3 rd until June 10 th . The coins officially belong to the Crown until the museum has raised the money to buy them and they are on display with special permission from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Caroline McDonald, Curator of archaeology at the museum is particularly excited at their arrival. ‘Suffolk earth has revealed some of the nations most outstanding treasure finds in recent decades. The Amazing Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo in 1939, the stunning silver Roman dinner service found at Mildenhall during World War II and more recently the Hoxne hoard of Roman coins and artefacts found in the 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410
    no nonsense Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410 – interpretation ltd interpretation Contract number 1446 May 2011 no nonsense–interpretation ltd 27 Lyth Hill Road Bayston Hill Shrewsbury SY3 0EW www.nononsense-interpretation.co.uk Cadw would like to thank Richard Brewer, Research Keeper of Roman Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, for his insight, help and support throughout the writing of this plan. Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47-410 Cadw 2011 no nonsense-interpretation ltd 2 Contents 1. Roman conquest, occupation and settlement of Wales AD 47410 .............................................. 5 1.1 Relationship to other plans under the HTP............................................................................. 5 1.2 Linking our Roman assets ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Sites not in Wales .................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Criteria for the selection of sites in this plan .......................................................................... 9 2. Why read this plan? ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Aim what we want to achieve ........................................................................................... 10 2.2 Objectives.............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Very Rough Guide to the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of The
    A Very Rough Guide To the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of the British Isles (NB This only includes the major contributors - others will have had more limited input) TIMELINE (AD) ? - 43 43 - c410 c410 - 878 c878 - 1066 1066 -> c1086 1169 1283 -> c1289 1290 (limited) (limited) Normans (limited) Region Pre 1974 County Ancient Britons Romans Angles / Saxon / Jutes Norwegians Danes conq Engl inv Irel conq Wales Isle of Man ENGLAND Cornwall Dumnonii Saxon Norman Devon Dumnonii Saxon Norman Dorset Durotriges Saxon Norman Somerset Durotriges (S), Belgae (N) Saxon Norman South West South Wiltshire Belgae (S&W), Atrebates (N&E) Saxon Norman Gloucestershire Dobunni Saxon Norman Middlesex Catuvellauni Saxon Danes Norman Berkshire Atrebates Saxon Norman Hampshire Belgae (S), Atrebates (N) Saxon Norman Surrey Regnenses Saxon Norman Sussex Regnenses Saxon Norman Kent Canti Jute then Saxon Norman South East South Oxfordshire Dobunni (W), Catuvellauni (E) Angle Norman Buckinghamshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Bedfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Hertfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Essex Trinovantes Saxon Danes Norman Suffolk Trinovantes (S & mid), Iceni (N) Angle Danes Norman Norfolk Iceni Angle Danes Norman East Anglia East Cambridgeshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Huntingdonshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Northamptonshire Catuvellauni (S), Coritani (N) Angle Danes Norman Warwickshire Coritani (E), Cornovii (W) Angle Norman Worcestershire Dobunni (S), Cornovii (N) Angle Norman Herefordshire Dobunni (S), Cornovii
    [Show full text]
  • RULES of PLAY COIN Series, Volume VIII by Marc Gouyon-Rety
    The Fall of Roman Britain RULES OF PLAY COIN Series, Volume VIII by Marc Gouyon-Rety T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1.0 Introduction ............................2 6.0 Epoch Rounds .........................18 2.0 Sequence of Play ........................6 7.0 Victory ...............................20 3.0 Commands .............................7 8.0 Non-Players ...........................21 4.0 Feats .................................14 Key Terms Index ...........................35 5.0 Events ................................17 Setup and Scenarios.. 37 © 2017 GMT Games LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232 • www.GMTGames.com 2 Pendragon ~ Rules of Play • 58 Stronghold “castles” (10 red [Forts], 15 light blue [Towns], 15 medium blue [Hillforts], 6 green [Scotti Settlements], 12 black [Saxon Settlements]) (1.4) • Eight Faction round cylinders (2 red, 2 blue, 2 green, 2 black; 1.8, 2.2) • 12 pawns (1 red, 1 blue, 6 white, 4 gray; 1.9, 3.1.1) 1.0 Introduction • A sheet of markers • Four Faction player aid foldouts (3.0. 4.0, 7.0) Pendragon is a board game about the fall of the Roman Diocese • Two Epoch and Battles sheets (2.0, 3.6, 6.0) of Britain, from the first large-scale raids of Irish, Pict, and Saxon raiders to the establishment of successor kingdoms, both • A Non-Player Guidelines Summary and Battle Tactics sheet Celtic and Germanic. It adapts GMT Games’ “COIN Series” (8.1-.4, 8.4.2) game system about asymmetrical conflicts to depict the political, • A Non-Player Event Instructions foldout (8.2.1) military, religious, and economic affairs of 5th Century Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mysterious World of Celtic Coins
    The Mysterious World of Celtic Coins Coins were developed about 650 BC on the western coast of modern Turkey. From there, they quickly spread to the east and the west, and toward the end of the 5th century BC coins reached the Celtic tribes living in central Europe. Initially these tribes did not have much use for the new medium of exchange. They lived self-sufficient and produced everything needed for living themselves. The few things not producible on their homesteads were bartered with itinerant traders. The employ of money, especially of small change, is related to urban culture, where most of the inhabitants earn their living through trade or services. Only people not cultivating their own crop, grapes or flax, but buying bread at the bakery, wine at the tavern and garments at the dressmaker do need money. Because by means of money, work can directly be converted into goods or services. The Celts in central Europe presumably began using money in the course of the 4th century BC, and sometime during the 3rd century BC they started to mint their own coins. In the beginning the Celtic coins were mere imitations of Greek, later also of Roman coins. Soon, however, the Celts started to redesign the original motifs. The initial images were stylized and ornamentalized to such an extent, that the original coins are often hardly recognizable. 1 von 16 www.sunflower.ch Kingdom of Macedon, Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC) in the Name of Philip II, Stater, c. 324 BC, Colophon Denomination: Stater Mint Authority: King Alexander III of Macedon Mint: Colophon Year of Issue: -324 Weight (g): 8.6 Diameter (mm): 19.0 Material: Gold Owner: Sunflower Foundation Through decades of warfare, King Philip II had turned Macedon into the leading power of the Greek world.
    [Show full text]
  • Caesar 54 Bc
    CAESAR 54 BC INTRODUCTION Caesar 54BC, the fourth Campaign of Caesar in Gaul covers in fact the major invasion of the southern part of Britania (present-day England) by Julius Caesar. The Roman objective is to capture as many hostages as possible from the hostile local tribes. The Briton player must use all means at his disposal to prevent the suc- cess of the raid, to discourage further Roman invasions. Caesar 54BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between April and November 54 BC. The Romans, led by Caes- ar, are launching a campaign over the southern part of the island of Britania. • The Roman player must capture as fast as possible the stringholds of the opposing Briton tribes and take hostages from them, with the help of his famous general, his legions and his fleet. • His Briton opponent must prevent this, using his war chariots, coastal tribes and opportunities created by storms and bad weather hampering Roman supply. The game event cards allow full replay ability thanks to the numerous various situations that their create on the diplomatic, military, political or economical fields Average duration: 1h30 Favored side: none GAME DURATION Hardest side to play: none Caesar 54BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between April and November 54 BC. TheRoman player always moves first, followed by the Briton player. FORCES The Roman player controls the Roman (red), and possible (via Card) the Trinovantes (yellow) units. The Briton player controls the units of the various Briton tribes (Atrebates, Regnii, Catuvellaunii, Cantii, Begae, Incenii, Dobunii, all in variant of tan), as well as the Trinovantes (yellow) and the Menapii (light green).
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHUR of CAMELOT and ATHTHE-DOMAROS of CAMULODUNUM: a STRATIGRAPHY-BASED EQUATION PROVIDING a NEW CHRONOLOGY for 1St MIILLENNIUM ENGLAND
    1 Gunnar Heinsohn (15 June 2017) ARTHUR OF CAMELOT AND ATHTHE-DOMAROS OF CAMULODUNUM: A STRATIGRAPHY-BASED EQUATION PROVIDING A NEW CHRONOLOGY FOR 1st MIILLENNIUM ENGLAND “It seems probable that Camelot, Chrétien de Troyes’ [c. 1140-1190 AD] name for Arthur's Court, is derived directly from Camelod-unum, the name of Roman Colchester. The East Coast town was probably well-known to this French poet, though whether he knew of any specific associations with Arthur is unclear. […] John Morris [1973] suggests that Camulodunum might actually have been the High-King Arthur's Eastern Capital” (David Nash Ford 2000). "I think we can dispose of him [Arthur] quite briefly. He owes his place in our history books to a 'no smoke without fire' school of thought. [...] The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books" (David N. Dumville 1977, 187 f.) I Why neither the habitats of Arthurian Celts nor the cities of their Saxon foes can be found in post-Roman Britain p. 2 II Contemporaneity of Saxons, Celts and Romans during the conquest of Britain in the Late Latène period of Aththe[Aθθe]-Domaros of Camulodunum/Colchester p. 14 III Summary p. 29 IV Bibliography p. 30 Author’s1 address p. 32 1 Thanks for editorial assistance go to Clark WHELTON (New York). 2 I Why neither the habitats of Arthurian Celts nor the cities of their Saxon foes can be found in post-Roman Britain “There is absolutely no justification for believing there to have been a historical figure of the fifth or sixth century named Arthur who is the basis for all later legends.
    [Show full text]
  • The Defeat of Boudicca's Rebellion
    Boudicca, Queen of the Iceni and leader of the rebellion against Roman domination, was defeated in battle in 61 A.D. Fact. But where was that battle fought and how did the outnumbered Romans manage to win? In this brief book local military historian Martin Marix Evans explains his theory that the fight took place just south of Towcester in Northamptonshire. His version of the story informed the August 2004 BBC Battlefield Britain programme on the rebellion, and this book includes a guide to the public footpaths visitors can use to see the site for themselves. Published by Gemini Press, Towcester © Martin Marix Evans, 2004. Artwork by courtesy of Osprey Publishing, Oxford. Cover illustration: A British chariot warrior of the 1st century. © Osprey Publishing Ltd Martin Marix Evans h Introduction Local tradition has it that a battle was fought in ancient times at Toothole or Toothill, south of Towcester. This name happens also to be that of a field to the left of the stream that flows through Cuttle Mill, three kilometres (two miles) south-east of the town, towards the River Tove. The legends go as far as claiming it as the site of Boudicca’s defeat by the Romans in AD61. Given that the site is close to the Roman road we know as Watling Street, added to which Towcester itself was a Roman town, the story might not be untrue; at least the possibility of its being true seemed to me worth investigating. A number of questions had to be answered: What were the opposing forces like? What were their fighting methods and usual tactics? What reports survive of these events? What clues do we have about the physical characteristics of the location in which the battle took place? Is there a way in which we can home in on the likely location, either by examining the landscape or by considering military strategy or, best of all, both of these? These questions are in no particular order because all of them matter.
    [Show full text]
  • 'J.E. Lloyd and His Intellectual Legacy: the Roman Conquest and Its Consequences Reconsidered' : Emyr W. Williams
    J.E. Lloyd and his intellectual legacy: the Roman conquest and its consequences reconsidered,1 by E.W. Williams In an earlier article,2 the adequacy of J.E.Lloyd’s analysis of the territories ascribed to the pre-Roman tribes of Wales was considered. It was concluded that his concept of pre- Roman tribal boundaries contained major flaws. A significantly different map of those tribal territories was then presented. Lloyd’s analysis of the course and consequences of the Roman conquest of Wales was also revisited. He viewed Wales as having been conquered but remaining largely as a militarised zone throughout the Roman period. From the 1920s, Lloyd's analysis was taken up and elaborated by Welsh archaeology, then at an early stage of its development. It led to Nash-Williams’s concept of Wales as ‘a great defensive quadrilateral’ centred on the legionary fortresses at Chester and Caerleon. During recent decades whilst Nash-Williams’s perspective has been abandoned by Welsh archaeology, it has been absorbed in an elaborated form into the narrative of Welsh history. As a consequence, whilst Welsh history still sustains a version of Lloyd’s original thesis, the archaeological community is moving in the opposite direction. Present day archaeology regards the subjugation of Wales as having been completed by 78 A.D., with the conquest laying the foundations for a subsequent process of assimilation of the native population into Roman society. By the middle of the 2nd century A.D., that development provided the basis for a major demilitarisation of Wales. My aim in this article is to cast further light on the course of the Roman conquest of Wales and the subsequent process of assimilating the native population into Roman civil society.
    [Show full text]
  • History Boudicca's Attack on Colchester Please Watch the Following Video: If
    History Boudicca’s attack on Colchester Please watch the following video: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zk3b4wx If you cannot watch the video, look at the transcript below: Transcript of video: Colchecter was built in Roman style, all the usual features. Forum: Roman marketplace,basilica: government building, Temple….. “How do you know that?” “It was emperor Claudius’ temple, wasn’t it?” “Yes.” “The one especially built to celebrate his victory?” “Yes.” “And the one destroyed by the Iceni tribe, who if I remember rightly, were Clets!” “Yes, but they didn’t destroy it all did they?” “Didn’t they?” “No, you can still see signs of it in that building over there.” “That’s not a Roman building” “No, but the signs of us Romans can be found… underneath!” “There you are, the foundations of the temple. Those are 100% Roman.” “Shame they are not 100% here.” “Rom, remind me exactly what happened here in Colchester. Surely we Celts didn’t get the better of your splendid Roman army!” “Can’t quite remember to tell you the truth.” “Can’t you? Well I think I may be able to. I believe it had something to do to Boudicca, who if my memory serves me well, wasn’t only a Celt, but a woman, and a very brave one too.” “Boudicca? Never heard of her.” “Well I expect your gadget will be able to tell us” “Very well” (plays a button on a device) From device: Boudicca was Queen of the Iceni tribe, a group of Celts who lived north of Colchester.
    [Show full text]
  • Celtic Britain
    1 arfg Fitam ©0 © © © © ©©© © © © © © © 00 « G XT © 8 i imiL ii II I IWtv,-.,, iM » © © © © © ©H HWIW© llk< © © J.Rhjsffi..H. © I EARLY BRITAIN, CELTIC BRITAIN. BY J. RHYS, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon/). Honorary LL.D. (Edin.). Honorary D.Litt. (Wales). FROFESSOR OF CELTIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD J PRINCIPAL OF JESUS COLLEGE, AND LATE FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY. WITH TWO MAPS, AND WOODCUTS OF COIliS, FOURTH EDITION. FUBLISHED UNDER THE D.RECTION OF THE GENERAL LITERATURE COMMITTEE. LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C. ; 43, queen victoria street, e.c. \ Brighton: 129, north street. New York : EDWIN S. GORHAM. iqoP, HA 1^0 I "l C>9 |X)VE AND MALCOMSON, LIMITED, PRINTERS, 4 AND 5, DEAN STREET, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. These are the days of little books, and when the author was asked to add one to their number, he accepted the invitation with the jaunty simplicity of an inexperienced hand, thinking that it could not give him much trouble to expand or otherwise modify the account given of early Britain in larger works ; but closer acquaintance with them soon convinced him of the folly of such a plan— he had to study the subject for himself or leave it alone. In trying to do the former he probably read enough to have enabled him to write a larger work than this ; but he would be ashamed to confess how long it has occupied him. As a student of language, he is well aware that no severer judgment could be passed on his essay in writing history than that it should be found to be as bad as the etymologies made by historians are wont to be ; but so essential is the study of Celtic names to the elucidation of the early history of Britain that the risk is thought worth incurring.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Excavations at the Street, Easton, Suffolk – October-November 2016
    Archaeological Excavations at the Street, Easton, Suffolk – October-November 2016 Neighbourhood Plan Community Summer Event 21.7.18 Notes from presentation given by Tom Woolhouse – PCA Pre-Construct Archaeology The Hopkins Homes site in Easton, as with most sites of any size, must before development takes place arrange for investigation to see whether any significant archaeological remains are present. If there are, the developer must then fund the excavation and recording of the remains so that they are preserved by record prior to construction. The developer appoints through their consultant an Archaeological Services company to carry out the exercise of excavation and analysis. Initially ‘non-intrusive’ investigations take place to get an idea of what is below the ground without digging. This can help to identify possible archaeological features and target excavation accordingly. Geophysics took place which involves sending electrical pulses into the ground and measuring the speed a t which the signals return to the machine. Trenches were dug at intervals across the site, covering approximately 5% of the overall development area, to see whether there was any archaeology and where it was. Significant archaeological remains identified by the trial trenches are then targeted for full excavation, and this was the case for this excavation, where the trial trenches identified an are of Iron Age and Roman settlement, leading to the opening of a c.0.5-hectare open area in the northern part of the site. On rural sites like the Easton site, topsoil and other overburden is generally stripped by a machine working under archaeological supervision, to reveal any underlying archaeological deposits.
    [Show full text]