Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment
North-South Gas Pipeline Emergency Rehabilitation Public Disclosure Authorized
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Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment (Category B)
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Naniani Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment (Category B)
GEORGIA
October 2006
Prepared for:
GEORGIAN OIL AND GAS CORPORATION
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Section Page
I Summary ...... 10 1.1 Introduction ...... 0 1.2 Regulatory Legislation ...... 10 1.3 Description of Planned Works and Anticipated Time Frame ...... 1 1.4 Analyzing Alternatives ...... 1 1.5 Environmental Baseline ...... 12 1.6 Impact During Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation Works ...... 14 1.7 Environmental Mitigation Measures ...... 15 1.8 Emergency Risks and Assessment of Consequences ...... 16 1.9 Waste Management Plan ...... 16 1.10 Environmental Monitoring ...... 17 1.11 Environmental Management Plan ...... 17 1.12 Findings And Recommendations ...... 18
2 Introduction ...... 19
3 Regulatory Background ...... 22 3.1 Environmental Legislation of Georgia ...... 22 3.2 Overview of Environmental Legislation of Georgia ...... 22 3.2.1 Regulatory and Legislative Background ...... 22 3.2.1 Issuing Permits ...... 23 3.2.1 Environmental Protection Standards and Normative Acts ...... 25
4 Anticipated Impact of Works (Screening) ...... 27 4.1 Environmental Impacts ...... 27 4.2 Social Impacts ...... 28
5 Planned Works and Timeframe ...... 29 5.1 Brief Description Meneso Landslide Works ...... 29 5.2 Hydrological Survey ...... 30 5.3 Anticipated Time Frame ...... 31
6 Analyzing Alternatives ...... 32
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7 Environmental Baseline Data ...... 34 7.1 Description of the Region ...... 34 7.2 Social Conditions ...... 36 7.2.1 Population and Infrastructure ...... 36 7.2.2 Workforce and Employment ...... 37 7.2.3 Existing Situation in Project Affected Area ...... 37 7.3 Atmospheric Air Quality ...... 39 7.3.1 Emission Source #1, Drilling Works ...... 40 7.3.2 Emission Source #2, Blasting ...... 40 7.3.3 Emission Source # 3. Excavator Working ...... 41 7.3.4 Emission Source #4, Bulldozer Working ...... 42 7.3.5 Emission Source #5, Welding Works ...... 43 7.3.6 Emission Source #6, Natural Gas Emission From Pipe ...... 44 7.4 Noise ...... 52 7.5 Topsoils ...... 53 7.6 Regulation of Water Resources ...... 54 7.6.1 Water Courses and Potential Source of Impact ...... 55 7.6.2 Maximum Allowed Concentrations and Maximum Emission ...... 56 7.6.3 Principles for Standards on Maximum Value of Emission ...... 57 7.7 Seismic Hazard ...... 58 7.8 Flora ...... 58 7.9 Fauna ...... 60
8 Potential Impacts of Works ...... 61
9 Mitigation Measures ...... 63 9.1 Introduction ...... 63 9.2 Social Mitigation Measures ...... 65 9.3 Summary of Mitigation Measures ...... 66 9.4 Works at Meneso Landslide and Related Mitigation Measures ...... 68 9.5 Resettlement Action Plan ...... 72
10 Emergencies and Rsponces ...... 73
11 Envirnmental Monitoring ...... 75
12 Environmental Manangment System ...... 81 12.1 Overview of EMS ...... 81 12.1 Environmental and Social Management Plans ...... 83 12.2.1 Local Community H&S Management Plan ...... 83 12.2.2 Local Community Liaison Plans ...... 84 12.2.3 Traffic Management Plan ...... 85 12.2.4 Summary Plan of Rehabilitation of Project Area ...... 86 12.2.5 Landscape Harmonization Plan ...... 87 12.2.6 Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan ...... 88 12.2.7 Waste Management Plan ...... 89 12.2.8 Gas Condensate and Spill Response Plans ...... 90
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13 Schedule of Implementation and Organizations ...... 92
14 Public Consultations ...... 93
15 Findings and Recommendations ...... 95
16 References ...... 96
A Analysis of Surface and Groundwater ...... 98
B Meneso Project Pipeline Design Plan and Profile ...... 104
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Ll
Table Page
5-1 Types of harmful anthropogenic impacts ...... 23
7-1 Assessment of workforce in settlements around Meneso landslide ...... 37
9-1 Summary of Mitigation Measures ...... 66
9-2 Mitigation Plan ...... 68
11-1 Summary of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Actions ...... 76
12-1 List of Project Management Plans ...... 82
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Figure Page
2-1 Topographic map with meneso landslide ...... 20
5-1 Fragment of the damaged pipe ...... 30
5-2 Bank protection structures ...... 3 1
7-1 Clay-shale rocks and sand stone layers at Menesos landslide site area ...... 34
7-2 Meneso landslide formation detail ...... 35
7-3 Meneso landslide versus pipeline ...... 35
7-4 Meneso landslide ending in r. Aragvi ravine ...... 36
7-5 Meneso area, floodplane of Aragvi left bank ...... 38
7-6 Meneso area, access road to NSGP section ...... 39
7-7 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide ...... 46
7-8 Spatial Distribution of Carbon Dioxide ...... 46
7-9 Spatial Distribution of Inorganic Dust ...... 47
7-10 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide ...... 47
7-10 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Oxide ...... 48
7-12 Spatial Distribution of Soot ...... 48
7-13 Spatial Distribution of Sulphur Dioxide ...... 49
7-14 Spatial Distribution of Carbon Monoxide ...... 49
7-15 Spatial Distribution of Carbohydrates C1-C5 ...... 50
7-16 Spatial distribution of kerosene ...... 50
7-17 Spatial distribution of inorganic dust ...... 51
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7-18 Spatial distribution of impact group (301+330) ...... 51
7-19 Flora near Meneso area ...... 59
7-20 Remaining fragments of flkora on landslide ...... 60
B-I Meneso Landslide Site Pipeline Plan ...... 105
B-2 Meneso Landslide Site Pipeline Profile ...... 1 06
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doft ker-oINIII,n%
TTC Tbilisi Title Company
GOGC Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation
BTC Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline
BP BP p.l.c. (formerly British Petroleum but now trading only as BP)
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ER Emission Reduction
ERPA Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement
GEL Georgian Lari
GHG Greenhouse Gas
HH Household
HPGPS High Pressure Gas Pipeline System of Georgia
KP Kilometer Post
MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation
MCG Millennium Challenge Georgia Fund
OP / BP The World Bank's Operational Policy / Banks Procedure
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
ROW Right-of-Way
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SCP South Caucasus gas Pipeline
WB The World Bank
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1.1 Introduction
In November-December 2005, GGIC/GOGC experts conducted environmental baseline study across north-south gas pipeline ROW and encountered sections, where rehabilitation works must be done to ensure safe operation of the pipe- line and minimize potential negative impact on the environment. The works concern landslide at Pasanauri-Saguramo section of 1200mm dia pipeline, 7 km south from Pasanauri (within KP223) opposite v. Meneso.
Design documentation was developed for the said section of the pipeline, which served the basis for the production of environmental impact assessment report.
In accordance with the requirements set out by laws of Georgia, the works in- volving environmental activities require EIA for obtaining environmental permit.
The present report contains justification information for obtaining environ- mental permit and describes potential impact on the environment during reha- bilitation works on Meneso landslide.
1.2 Regulatory Legislation
The Constitution of Georgia of 1995 determines rights of all citizens to live in the healthy environment, use natural resources and cultural heritage but also obliges them to protect it (article 37).
According to legislation of Georgia, entrepreneur/agent is liable to take meas- ures to prevent impact on environment and human health, safeguard biodiver- sity from degradation and reinstate back the degraded environment up to the initial phase as close as possible.
Environmental Regulatory Framework:
* Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection * Law of Georgia on Environmental Permits * Law of Georgia on State Ecological Expertise * Law of Georgia on Fossil
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* Law of Georgia on Water * Law of Georgia on Atmospheric Protection * Sanitary Code of Georgia
1.3 Concise Description of the Planned Works And Anticipated Time Frame
The damaged section of the pipeline, which is to be rehabilitated by the pre- sent project, is located at Pasanauri-Saguramo section, Dusheti district on the left bank of r. Aragvi opposite v. Meneso.
The pipeline was damaged in 1995 by activated landslide at KP230. The land- slide activation caused the disruption of pipeline.
In order to reinstate the pipes according to primary scheme, 01200 mm dia pipes have to be installed in the dry riverbed floodplain, left bank of Aragvi river. The new pipes shall be placed underneath r. Aragvi scouring level. The scouring depth is determined according to hydrological calculations and con- stitutes 2.5m. The depth of the trench shall total H=2,5+0,5+1,2=4,2m. (Main gas Pipelines, SNiP 2.02.06-85).
Prior to pipes installation, 0.Im thick concrete casing with appropriate rein- forcement shall be made; the thickness of pipe walls is to be 15.4m.
Prior to construction works, pipe yard will be arranged on the right bank of r. Aragvi. Pipes shall be covered with two layers of polymeric material and in- stalled using special equipment. Hermetic test of the welded sections will be conducted using X-ray equipment, 857m long section of the 1200mm pipeline shall be tested on 66 atmospheres.
Hydrological calculations were conducted based on enforced standard docu- mentation (Instructions for the survey and design of railway and motor road overpasses through watercourses, In Russian - ,,HacTaBneHHe no H3HCKaH11M U npOeKTHPOBaHH}O )Kene3HQ1lOPOXCHbIX 1 aBTO)Jopo)KHBIX MOCTOBbIX nepexo,aoB 1epe3 BoepoKa").
The depth of the trench is 4.2m.
The works were provisioned to commence in the second quarter of 2006 and end in the third quarter of the same year.
1.4 Analyzing Alternatives
In accordance with the legal statutes, Environmental Impact Assessment re- quires analysis of alternatives. Prior to developing detail design, two alterna- tive options of 120mm dia pipe installation along Meneso landslide area were
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1. Summary
considered, options were proposed by experts of relevant field. Their recom- mendations were based on landslide slope stability assessment, which became clear after summarizing results of the geophysical and geotechnical surveys.
Finally, it was decided to install the pipeline in r. Aragvi dried riverbed (flood- plain), and prior to design development, hydrological calculations were con- ducted to analyze likelihood of r. Aragvi bottom scouring.
1.5 Environmental Baseline
Meneso landslide area is located in north part of Dusheti district, on the left bank of r. Aragvi at KP220 of the gas pipeline between Pasanauri and Ananuri settlements.
Geomorphologically, Dusheti region is located within Greater Caucasus south mountains and north periphery of Shiga Kartli. The terrain of Pasanauri- Dusheti section belongs to high and mid mountainous erosion type with many steep slopes dissected with numerous erosive streams. R. Aragvi valley, where Meneso landslide is located is dissected with erosive streams of various shape and length. Erosive processes are more expressed for slopes composed of un- stable clay - shale rocks.
According to erosion classification, Meneso landslide belongs to highest risk rating and this warrants immediate action in terms of rehabilitation works.
Air will be contaminated in course of the works: transportation of thousands of cub. m of earth material, drilling-blasting works, access roads, riverbed cut- ting, pipe transportation and storage, installation of new pipes and dismantling of the old ones, welding and other auxiliary works.
Air pollution sources were identified and emissions were calculated in view of the provisions of standard documentations and reference books.
During rehabilitation works performance, main source of noise spread shall be drilling rig, excavator and bulldozer, the noise level of which at 2m distance from their operation place is 80dB (as per technical design documentation). However, according to equipment allocation scheme on site, the closest set- tlement is 375m away from noise generating sources.
The sanitary standard - 'Noise at working places, accommodations, public utilities and dwelling areas' allows adjacent to the populated areas for 55dB noise during day and 45 dB during the night.
Green protective line towards v. Meneso forms part of the natural terrain, also acting as noise barrier.
In consideration of natural green lines between the construction site and the settlements, the noise level shall reduce by additional 5 dB and the fact that
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single shift (daytime) working is planned, noise will not be spread from 23 pm to 8 am.
In view of the above said, impact of noise generated during the equipment op- eration will not be significant.
For general assessment of topsoils, enforced topsoil classification method was used in accordance with Monograph of T. Urushadze, Topsoils of Georgia, 1977.
By the said classification, in Pasanauri Dusheti are brown acidic, brown un- saturated and compost carbonate topsoils are characteristic. The letter soils are predominant in the Meneso landslide area.
According to the investigations carried out on Meneso landslide as well as from the visual reconnaissance, topsoil, soil and surface water contamination was not encountered.
The gas pipeline from Pasanauri to v. Ananuri goes across r. Aragvi left slope and crosses r. Aragvi, goes under Zhinvali water reservoir and proceeds south towards Dusheti through v. Zotikiantkari.
In order to avoid flooding in course of works, it is provisioned to enclose the work site in the riverbed. The barrier height will be 2m determined in view of calculated flow Q=100 m3/sec. The barrier will ensure workers safety and would also block small stream running out from main branch of Aragvi river- bed.
After pipe installation, hermetic testing has to be carried out, and for this, Aragvi water intake and off-take through settling basin shall be performed.
For these works the specific water abstraction and discharge permit has to be obtained from Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources.
From geological composition point, territory of Georgia is seismically diverse with different levels of potential earthquakes.
Maximum seismicity points of the regions across the pipeline is calculated by 2% confidence level (1:50 probability, according to Richter scale) and is lo- cated within 7, 8, and 9 point seismicity zones. So, earthquake impact on the pipeline can be assessed in two ways: impact on the pipeline and activation of dynamic processes.
Flora of the region is diverse and rich. At places not used for households - Paliurus spina Christi, Rhramus pallasii etc are spread.
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1. Summary
From floral point, the area of interest represents Aragvi-Mtkvari geobotanic region. The works are provisioned in r. Aragvi riverbed and partly on the left terrace of the river.
R. Aragvi floodplain sections are quite well preserved, the fact that these areas have long been under certain protection status, rendered anthropogenic impact less apparent.
Dusheti district fauna is rich with species and namely: row, wild boar, Cauca- sian brown bear, wolf, fox, jackal, ounce, lynx, hare, badger, marten, polecat, otter, sleepyhead, hamster; among birds: partridge, quail, dove, merle, magpie, crow, sparrow etc. Fish: herring, khramuli (fish); barbell, frita, taglita etc. Sa- guramo state reserve is located within the area.
During Meneso landslide study, no conservation animals and birds were en- countered.
1.6 Impact During Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation Works
Pipeline construction may have direct and indirect impacts on human health and safety which may finally result in serious consequences (trauma, fatality). Non-observance of relevant standards (ex. improper operation of vehicles and/or construction equipment and other emergencies) may lead to accidents.
As for operation phase, direct impact is not anticipated, however indirect im- pact could be caused by gas pipe damage and deterioration of water quality.
According to the design, the gas pipeline is provisioned to lie along dried riv- erbed of Aragvi and partially on left terrace of the river. During the design, terrace was chosen to minimize impact on the forest, grass and plants. It is noteworthy that protected plants were not encountered at any area where con- struction works are to take place.
The following villages are located within the vicinity of Meneso landslide right bank of r. Aragvi- v. Chartali (app. 70 families), v. Meneso (app. 25 f.), v. Muguda (app. 20 f.) and v. Dgnali (app. 20 f.); left bank of r. Aragvi - v. Dolakedi (app. 20 f.) and v. Pavleuri (a. 48 f). The ethnicity of the population is Georgian. In view of local environment, the primary infrastructure of the said villages is quite good (access roads, power and water supply). The popu- lation of the above said villages is basically engaged in agricultural sector and carries on individual farming, which is basically cattle breeding (pig, sheep ) and crop farming (as local geography allows). Therefore, local labor recruit- ment during gas pipeline construction-rehabilitation activities within Meneso landslide shall stimulate the locals and create socially positive environment.
The area affected within Meneso landslide is mainly represented by lands used for pastures. At several places, the said area is fenced with simple material.
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Some sections of the adjacent forest are enclosed with wire net as well. As of May 2006, those lands are not cultivated and serve as pastures.
Therefore, the following mitigation measures could be provisioned:
* Compensation by means of food for domestic animals or money; * Local personnel recruitment during rehabilitation activities; * Environmental measures to be applied after construction works completion to reinstate the pasturelands; * Support/provision of minor construction-repair project agreed wit local bodies.
No conservation habitats were encountered within the area where the new pipeline is to be constructed. Negative impact is anticipated on the habitats of Aragvi left bank upper valley, however as the works are considered in the sec- ond half of the summer (when reproduction period is over), the impact will not be large scale.
In case the rehabilitation works are conducted according to the schedule, dete- rioration of r. Aragvi water quality is not expected. During the works, water level turbidity may increase and construction dust may settle on river surface, which shall not exceed typical the natural conditions impact caused by wind, flood etc).
Potential negative impact on the environment can be reflected on atmosphere, the air quality may deteriorate by harmful gas emission into air generated dur- ing the operation of construction equipment. The said impact is detailed in the separate chapter.
1.7 Environmental Mitigation Measures
Following mitigation measures have been considered in order to minimize negative impact on the environment during work activities:
u Limit vehicle/equipment entering the water courses as much possible and if can not be avoided, undertake regular checks and repairs of the equip- ment as necessary;
* Fuel cylinder must be placed on area preliminarily arranged with clay or some other isolation material and enclosed with water conducting fill. Re- fueling shall take place only at designated areas;
* In order to prevent spill fuel spread, the site shall be provided with special absorbers, the contaminated soil shall be stripped and stored separately at appropriate and designated place;
* Fence and lock equipment storage places to avoid their stealing;
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1. Summary
* Notify authorities and environmental manager about any emergency and soil contamination case.
Domestic waste and toxic waste generated during works should be treated carefully and stored before they are disposed. Waste to be kept in a manner to avoid:
* Topsoil, air and ground waste contamination;
* Throwing the waste from their temporary storage containers and substance leakage due to container damage;
* Hazardous waste containers should be appropriate and fit for purpose, they must have covers to ensure the impermeability, containers should be made of material not to react with the haz waste in them;
u Non-haz waste should be collected and stored at a place not to cause any threat to health and protected from insects.
1.8 Emergency Risks and Assessment of Consequences
During the project implementation, one of the most significant components is the assessment of the likelihood man-made impact. Therefore, the company implementing works is accountable to design and implement measures to eliminate and/or mitigate them. Particular focus is to be laid on rehabilitation of 01200mm dia pipeline within Meneso landslide body according to prelimi- nary scheme and dismantling and disposing 0700mm dia inoperable pipe sec- tion. For this purpose, specific measures have to be developed to prevent negative impact on the environment and exclude spillage of accumulated gas condensates into Aragvi riverbed. Proper risk assessment and mitigations shall reduce the risk. Basic components of the mitigation measures development is as follows:
a Hazards associated with the condensate spillage into Aragvi river; * Other vulnerable environmental receptors (topsoil, groundwater etc.).
1.9 Waste Management Plan
Construction company shall be required to develop waste management plan in view of the construction materials to be used for the works. The company shall be responsible to ensure the following:
* Make sure the waste disposing contractor is using the equipment which meets relevant standard requirements;
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* Monitors the implementation of the above said issues.
The objectives of the waste management plan are as follows:
* Transportation, processing and disposal instructions and regulations to be adopted during work activities shall be incorporated in one single docu- ment;
* Develop work permits associated with waste processing and disposing;
* Develop detailed methodology of waste management, transportation, proc- essing and disposal;
* Sign an agreement with third party for waste transportation;
* Develop recommendations in regards to waste management monitoring;
* Develop handling measures to minimize waste;
* Develop requirements to reduce visual impact on the landfills;
* Safe storage of the waste at designated place far from water sources, ground water consistent layers and parasites;
* Prohibit uncontrolled burning or burying of waste;
* Develop monitoring and inspection procedures;
* Develop procedures for handling the waste or storing the contaminated waste for longer periods.
1.10 Environmental Monitoring
The activities provisioned by the project requires supervising company, GOGC, to control construction company works and provision environmental monitoring, environmental plan discussion and approval.
1.11 Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan is developed to minimize negative impact on the environment and implies the following issues:
Dust and smoke - Roads to be sprayed with water during machinery transpor- tation and provision of PPE for workers.
Noise and Vibration - Provision hearing protection for workers during work- ing hours, conducting works during daytime.
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1. Summary
Traffic Movement Delay - Construction Company to develop schedule to regulate heavy transportation facilities not to delay equipment, if needed Transport Safety Manager to settle the issue.
Surface and Ground Water Contamination - Water used for hydro testing and pumped out from trench shall join r. Aragvi through settling basin.
Topsoil Contamination - lubricant container will be placed on preliminarily arranged foundation (ex. clay) and fill arranged around. Domestic, household and technical waste to be stored in special containers.
Waste - All waste will be disposed at local authority approved place.
Personnelsafety and permission to work - allow presence of the workers di- rectly involved in works, enclose work site. Allow workers and personnel on site only in personal protective equipment.
Commissioning - No significant environmental impact is anticipated after pipeline commissioning.
1.12 Findings And Recommendations
The following findings and recommendations were developed:
The chosen route is appropriate, so environmental aspects associated with geotechnical solutions can be minimized and mitigated, that is impact on r. Aragvi and its icthyoofauna.
In case works are implemented in view of requirements set out by standards, norms and sanitary regulations, water quality deterioration is not anticipated. This issue is significant as r. Aragvi water downstream Zhinvali water reser- voir represents one of main water supply arteries of Tbilisi.
During the works, impact on atmosphere is expected, however the impact shall be short term; besides, the site is located far from settlements, so no social im- pacts are anticipated.
Conduct regular checks of construction machinery and transportation facili- ties, to minimize and control noise and harmful gas emission.
Carry out HSE and safe work performance trainings for all personnel involved in the works.
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In November-December 2005, GGIC/GOGC experts conducted environmental baseline study across north-south gas pipeline ROW and encountered sections, where rehabilitation works must to done to ensure safe operation of the pipe- line and minimize potential negative impact on the environment.
The present report describes landslide at Pasanauri-Saguramo section of 1200mm dia pipeline, 7km from Pasanauri to south (within KP223) opposite v. Meneso. (ref. dwg. 2.1) dwg 2.1. Meneso landslide topographic map.
In regards to the rehabilitation works to be conducted, external experts of GGIC/GOGC developed design documentation, which served the basis for the production of environmental impact assessment report.
According to the requirements set out in Provision #26 of Government of Georgia of 3 Feb 2000 "Rules and Terms for issuing Environmental Impact Permit; Provision # 154 of Government of Georgia of 1 Sep 2005 on varia- tions and additions, the works which may cause impact on the environment, gas and oil pipelines among them (article 3-1) require environmental impact assessment for obtaining permit to undertake activity.
What concerns issuing the permit, the procedure contains:
* State ecological expertise; * Results of public discussions of EIA report.
According to the Law on Environmental Permit, article 5 and provision on rules and terms for issuing environmental permit, the application for environ- mental permit should include the following information:
* Title of the works planned and investor details (name and address); * Location of the planned works; * Anticipated work start and completion dates, activity goals; n Schemes of the structures needed for work activities; n Brief description of technological process; n List of substances to be generated after technological process; n Description of planned environmental and social mitigations measures; * List of and quantity of natural resources to be used; n Volume and type of expected emission; n Measures planned to determine emission volume;
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2. Introduction
* Types and quantity of waste generated during industrial processes, their anticipated disposal places, measures planned to minimize waste; * Safety measures planned to avoid man made accidents; * Feasibility study. * And address for public to be acquainted with documentation in regards to the work activities.
l22 1| N4680000 , r .
30
2221
_____- .-. . 32 - - -- T----- Iz ;33
224 rn n X -- -; *.--
37 J 2 ------
31 L4- t31f1 llii J :Il3JI
Figure 2-1 Topographic map with Meneso landslide
This information shall be published in press and thus provided to public.
Feasibility study should contain information about the location of the activi- ties, commencement and completion dates, activity goals, general layout and topographic map of the area, list of substances generated, environmental miti- gation measures, list and quantity of natural resources to be used, potential volume and type of emission, methods for identifying the emission, types and quantity of the waste generated during the works and their disposal places, safety measures to prevent man-made accidents.
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The present report contains information for obtaining environmental permit and describes potential impact on the environment during rehabilitation works on Meneso landslide.
The documentation does not change or cancel State statistical recording rules and reports, it is intended to carry out the procedures stipulated in Georgian laws on environmental protection, environmental permit and provision on rules and norms for obtaining environmental permit.
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3.1 Environmental Legislation of Georgia
Constitution of Georgia of 1995 determines (article 37) the right of all resi- dents of the country to live in environmental safe for health, use natural and cultural charity and obliges to protect it. Protection of this right is ordained by legislation of Georgia, which has been subject to modifications from 90ies of 20 century up today. Since 1994, more than 30 laws have been approved in environmental sphere. According to legislation of Georgia, entrepreneur/agent is liable to take measures to prevent impact on environment and human health; safeguard bio diversity from degradation and reinstate the degraded environ- ment up to the initial phase as possible.
3.2 Overview of Environmental Legislation of Georgia
3.2.1 Regulatory and Legislative Background
Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection (of 6 Dec 1996) - settles rela- tions between state and agents/legal entities, describes issues in regards to en- vironmental protection and natural resource usage in waters, air, and continen- tal shelf and particularly in Exclusive Economic Zone. This law implies edu- cation in environmental sphere, environmental management aspects, described economical sanctions, licensing standards, environmental impact assessment results.
The law outlines various aspects of ecosystems' protection, conservations ar- eas, issues of global and regional management, ozone layer protection, biodi- versity, protection of the Black Sea and international relations.
Law of Georgia on Environmental Permits (enforced since I Jan 1997) - describes procedures for obtaining environmental procedure. The law ordains ecological expertise level needed for the permit, decision-making procedures and informational mechanism. By this law, environmental permit is a written description approved by regional or local organization of the Ministry of Envi- ronment and implies permit of air emission, waste management etc.
Law of Georgia on State Ecological Expertise (since 1 Jan 1997) - stipu- lates basic principles of ecological expertise, names organizations liable for
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conducting ecological expertise and their rights and obligations, describes rules for carrying the expertise, determines environmental impact, identifies rules for making this expertise lawful etc. State ecological expertise is obliga- tory to obtain environmental permit to undertake activity.
Law of Georgia on Mineral Fossil (since 17 May 1996) - determines fossil status and describes its usage, identifies types of existing licensing and rights and responsibilities of fossil users. The law distributes the responsibilities to protect the topsoil from contamination. The law describes licensing procedure, license taxes and economical principles of using the fossil.
Law of Georgia on Water (enforced since 1 Jan 1997) - the law ordains wa- ter usage, identifies rights and responsibilities of water consumers, license types and rules for obtaining such licenses, describes license terms, their elimination aspects, termination, cancellation and variation, regulates water flow.
Law of Georgia on Atmospheric Protection (of 22 June 1999) - the law de- scribes atmospheric protection from harmful anthropogenic impact (Book 1, Chapter 1, article 1. 1.).
Table 5-1 Types of harmful anthropogenic impacts (Book 2, Chapter 4, Article 11.2) ...... Atmospheric ...... contamination . with harmful...... substances ...... Radiation impact on the atmosphere Atmospheric contamination with microorganisms and biologically active sub- stances Noise, vibration, electromagnetic field and otherhysic i cts on atmosphere
Harmful anthropogenic impact is described as the man-made impact, which has or may have negative impact on human health and the environment (Book 2, Chapter 4, Article 12. 1).
Sanitary Code of Georgia of 8 May 2003 - This code ordains legitimate as- pects for the provision of safe environment for human health and state control procedures of sanitary norms and prophylactic methods.
3.2.1 Issuing Permits
In accordance with legislation of Georgia, any type of work activities requires specific license and permit to undertake activity. The Department of Licenses and Permits of Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia issue environmental permit.
In the period before 2 August 2005, Georgian legislation had in place certain arrangements for licenses on natural resource use and environmental permits for activities entailing environmental impacts.
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3. Regulatory Background
Prior to commencement any industrial, agricultural or other activities relating to environment, Ministry of Environment of Georgia has to grant environ- mental permit.
One of the main requirements for issuing environmental permit is the prepara- tion of the EIA report. Legal acts, which regulate EIA process, are the follow- ing: Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection, which is the "framework law" and describes basic principles and requirements; Law of Georgia on State Ecological Expertise and Bylaw on Rules and Terms for Carrying out the EIA.
Earlier, Law of Georgia on Environmental Permits was used to determine li- censing procedures, set legal basis for disclosure of information to the public and provided for the state ecological expertise and environmental impact as- sessment.
The law did not settle permit issuing for various types of work. For today, as it was stipulated above, for category 1 works, environmental impact assessment procedures are to be conducted. This procedure is determined by provisions for conducting EIA.
Environmental Impact Assessment means the inspection of the planned works, which aims at protection of particular environmental elements, human, land- scape and cultural heritage.
EIA studies, reveals and described indirect and direct impacts on human health and safety, flora and fauna, topsoil, atmosphere, water, climate, land- scape, ecosystems, historical monuments and/or impact of all above listed as- pects combined as well as impact on cultural heritage and social and eco- nomic factors (for infrastructural projects).
According to the legislation, in case the investor activities belong to category 1, in this case EIA is a significant component for issuing permit. It is not al- lowed to issue permit to work for activities of category I if EIA is not submit- ted.
Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permit has been enforced since 2 August 2005; the law states basic procedures and lists permits and licenses to be is- sued in all spheres.
The said law has canceled several types of licenses and permits, the following remain in environmental sphere:
* Instead of Environmental permit, now the Environmental Impact Permit is being issued; * Instead of licenses for using water, now two types of licenses are used - permit for surface water intake and permit for surface water off-take; * Permit on import, expert, re-export and transit of flora and fauna species threatened with extinction;
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3. Regulatory Background
* Permit on manufacturing, transportation, import-export, re-export or tran- sit of goods of limited turnover.
Licenses include:
* Licenses for using of mineral fossil; * General license for using forest, which contains, a) forest/wood use license and b) special hunting license; * Fishing license.
According to the law, the license should be issued within 30 days and permit within 20 days, License is issued through auction, whereas the permit by sim- ple administrative procedure.
The law says that relevant variations in regards to licenses and permits should be included in all legislative acts before 15 November 2005, and before that, the licensing and permitting issues are settled by standard normative acts of the Government of Georgia.
At present, there are standard normative acts settling licensing and permitting issuing issues in environmental sphere, however they are well not developed, which somehow hinders the process.
3.2.1 Environmental Protection Standards and Normative Acts
According to the collection of revised standards in environmental sphere, en- vironmental standards imply natural resource usage shares, which are deter- mined by State based on principles of the sustainable use of natural resource.
Environmental Quality Norms determine qualitative requirements and qual- ity of maximum allowed harmful concentrates in water, atmosphere and top- soil.
Emission standards - identify maximum allowed emissions from each spe- cific source (water, atmosphere, topsoil). List of harmful substances are de- termined by order # 130 of Ministry of Environment, 25 November 1997 "Relative hazardous coefficients of harmful substance emission into atmos- phere from sources of pollution".
What constitutes the value of the maximum harmful emissions in water, is set- tled by the Law of Georgia on Water. The standards incorporated in Georgia are believed to be in line with the to requirements of the International Stan- dards Organizations. (ISO).
Norms on maximum allowed emissions in atmosphere are part of qualitative norms determined by Georgian Law on Environmental Protection.
The said norms are determined by:
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3. Regulatory Background
* Sanitary rules and norms, hygienic requirements for central potable water systems, Quality Control 2001; * Sanitary rules and norms on protection of surface waters from pollution, 2001; * Sanitary rules and norms, water supply courses and potable-agricultural water pipeline protections areas, 2001; e Provision on maximum allowed concentrates of harmful emission and en- vironmental pollution with microorganisms (enforced by Ministry of En- vironment on 29 December 1997); * Provision on identification and inventory-taking of polluting sources/equipment (enforced by Ministry of Environment on 27 August 2001); a Instructions on Atmospheric protection in terms of unfavorable meteoro- logical conditions (jointly enforced by Ministry of Economy, Industry and Trade, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Protection and State Inspection of Technical Supervision on 8 November 2002); e Instructions on atmospheric protection in case of harmful gas emission into the atmosphere in emergency situations (joint order #01/01-01/145- 104-23-315/n of Minister of Economy, Industry and Trade, ministry of Environment, Head of State Inspection of Technical Supervision and Min- ister of Labor, Health and Social protection as 12-7-1-8 November, 2002); * Hygienic norms on maximum allowed emissions in atmosphere within the populated areas, enforced by Ministry of Health on 24 February 2003; * Hygienic norms on Noise at work site, accommodation, public warehouses and dwelling areas, 2001.
According to the legislation of Georgia and President Order (#397 of 31 July 1997), activities which may pose hazard for historical and cultural monu- ments are allowed only after the agreement with Archeological Research Cen- tre and Scientific-Investigation Department of Historical and Cultural Monu- ments Protection of Academy of Science of Georgia.
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The following chapter deals with potential environmental and social impact aspects connected with Meneso landslide area rehabilitation works. 4.1 Environmental Impacts
During Meneso landslide area screening the following prospective negative impact aspects were defined:
* Rehabilitation works will have minimal negative impact on vegetation and wildlife as the pipeline shelf will be used as access road to the area (there will be no necessity to build a new road). There is no vegetation on the shelf and the area is free of wildlife habitation.
* Construction works may have slight negative impact on ichtyo fauna (fish) because of the works in the river Aragvi route.
* Temporary camp that is possible to be created on the small area adjacent to 2 the pipeline shelf (30X 40 = 1200 mi ) will have a slight impact on existing vegetation and topsoil. In order to solve the problem it will be necessary to strip and store the topsoil in accordance with environmental requirements and reinstate the area after the completion of activities.
* During the construction activities the accidental spillage of liquid (fuel, sewage etc.) might take place. The leakage of liquid condensate from old pipes is also possible. There is the probability of accidental spillage during hydro test. Mentioned spillages require serious attention as the area is lo- cated near the river Aragvi and it will result in river water contamination and impact on ichtyo fauna. It should also be underlined that the river Aragvi flows into the Zhinvali water reservoir that is the significant source of water supply of Tbilisi.
* Vehicles and equipment working on the sight may cause air contamination (dust, exhaust, noise). This potential impact will not be significant as no populated areas are located near the access roads or the construction site (the nearest village in 1,5 km distance and is located in the north of the landslide. Connecting road is damaged by the landslide).
* If the decision is made to remove the old section of the pipeline, it will be necessary to temporarily store pipes, valves, sand bags and other support-
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4. Screening
ing materials in accordance with environmental requirements before their permanent removal.
* After the burial of the new section of the pipe in the river Aragvi route in the defined depth, pipe stripping possibility should be minimized and the soil should be protected from erosion.
Totally the project will have a short term impact while the long them impact will be positive.
4.2 Social Impacts
The screening also revealed potential negative impact on social environment, namely:
* Along the construction area i.e. along the river Aragvi, the works will tem- porarily halt fishing. As for the land resources for pipeline location (that are used for agricultural purposes or pasture), this problems are not present in the area. Only small section of the pasture may be used for temporary camp. This will not have a significant impact on the activity of neighbor- ing village population.
* Increased traffic on local roads will not have a negative impact on popula- tion as there are no populated areas nearby. Considering that this section of road is a dead end population does not use the road.
* Construction works might increase demand on work force that will be em- ployed on the area. Workers nor residing locally may stay in neighboring villages - for example in village Meneso or village Chartali. Local non qualified workers can be used for area preparation namely for cleaning, removal of vegetation, traffic control, waste removal etc.
* The risk associated with health and safety of workers and specialists is most of all connected with traffic and also with various types of works. They will be trained prior to this type of activities.
Work execution with quality will have a positive impact for pipeline safety; soil and ground will be protected from erosion.
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5.1 Brief Description Meneso Landslide Works
North-South Caucasus pipeline is designated to provide gas to Georgia and Armenia, the pipeline has been commissioning since 1992, the highest eleva- tion of the route is 2400 m from sea level and comes to Georgia through Rus- sian-Georgian border. The damaged section of the pipeline to be rehabilitated is located at Pasanauri-Saguramo section, Dusheti district on he left bank of r. Aragvi opposite v. Meneso.
The pipeline was damaged in 1995 by activated landslide at KP230. The land- slide activation caused the disruption of pipeline.
For pipeline operation reinstatement, 800m long section of 1200mm dia pipe- line was reinstated with 700mm dia pipes and bank revetment structures were arranged to protect r. Aragvi.
Due to lack of information, pipe-burying depth for 700mm pipeline in Aragvi dried riverbed could not be identified. In order to reinstate the pipe according to primary scheme, 1200mm dia pipe has to be installed in the dried riverbed, left bank of Aragvi river. Two new pipeline ROWs, one 12m wide and 80m long with 45 bent and the second one 12m wide and 50m long with 45 bent.
The new section of the pipeline shall be installed below the riverbed scouring level as determined by hydrological calculations, totaling 2.5m. The calcula- tions have been carried out for 1I:100 flood event and according to Georgian Hydrometeorological Service data totals Q=100m3/sec. Difference between the upper elevation of the pipe and scouring level should be 0.5m and the depth of the trench would thus equal H=2,5+0,5+1,2=4,2m. (Main Gas Pipe- lines, SNiP 2.02.06-85).
Prior to pipes installation, O.lm thick concrete casing with appropriate rein- forcement shall be made; the thickness of pipe walls is to be 15.4m.
Prior to construction works, pipe yard will be arranged on the right bank of r. Aragvi.
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5. Brief Description of Works
Figre9-1a-- F'X'' "- of the d a pipe-jg .
Figure 5-1 Fragment of the damaged pipe
Trench excavation for pipes is considered in two stages. Prior to pipe installa- tion, water will be pumped out and 0.I m thick sand layer arranged. Pipes shall be covered with two layers of polymeric material; pipes will be installed by means of special equipment. Hermetic test of the welded sections will be con- ducted using X-ray equipment. 857m long section of the 1200mm pipeline shall be tested on 66 atmospheres
In case the results are positive, Client and Contractor shall sign an agreement on hidden works and the new section installed in the trench will be covered with 0.2m thick sand cover and filled with inert material. Prior to commission- ing, the new section will be cleaned from gas by means of gas flare. Old 700mm dia pipe shall be removed and stored at Qvesheti Operation Service base.
5.2 Hydrological Survey
Prior to lowering of new 1200 mm pipe on Meneso landslide area the river Aragvi bottom wash out depth was defined (100) - 766 m3/sec considering annual repetition of water consumption.
Calculating consumption is taken from "Aboveground Water Resources" USSR, Volume 9, Version 1, Western Caucasus, 1974, Table 129a. Based on it hydrological report on river Aragvi crossing was carried out (please find work package B-LDS- I "Meneso Landslide").
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S4-z-3r £f -
Figure 5-2 Bank protection structures
Based on the table above on the point 804,4 m 1% consumption equals to less then 766 m 3/sec. The pipe is located on point 915,00 and by transferring cross- ing we get consumption less then 766 m3/sec. As the pipeline is category I structure some reserve in water consumption excludes unpredicted cases.
Mentioned work package includes hydrological report of 8 crossings. Maxi- mum wash out depth is AH = 1,5 m. Considering the above mentioned 1220
mm pipeline lowering trench processing depth will be 2,70 + 1,5 = 4,2 m.
5.3 Anticipated Time Frame
The works were provisioned to commence in the third quarter of 2006 and end in the fourth quarter of the same year.
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Resulting from the requirements of the Rules for Execution of Environmental Impact Assessment in the process of development of the Environmental Im- pact Assessment Report several alternative versions for execution of planned activities should be reviewed.
In December, 2005, before selecting gas pipeline new section probable corri- dor in the Meneso active landslide area, engineer-geological group, with the purpose of detailed studying of the landslide zone, carried out special re- search, in the result of which the following was revealed:
Meneso active landslide is developed in the unnamed steep existing in the gorge central part. Landslide length is 340 m, width in the starting and central part is 20-30 m, but at the river Aragvi inflow it reaches 200 m and its capac- ity is in the limits of 20 m. The detailed data concerning the landslide research are given in the special report (volume IV, part 1, appendix I - B section, ap- pendix 1-5 Meneso landslide area). In the result of the executed works analy- sis it has been revealed, that the landslide in the unnamed steep is active (un- stable), it is moving to the gas pipeline direction and puts under threat the gas pipeline section, which is arranged on the basis of the temporary scheme. Due to the mentioned reasons, it has become necessary to inspect several alterna- tive routes in the Meneso landslide area, which will enable us to rehabilitate the main gas pipeline route according to the full scheme. It implies the possi- bility of installing 1220 mm gas pipeline section on the new alternative routes.
In the process of alternative routes identification, route pipeline two versions have been reviewed. Installation of gas pipeline route above Meneso landslide was reviewed as the first version. In this version two sub-versions were sepa- rated.
According to the first version, the route should pass on the landslide area by 100 m hung bridge. The bridge mounts would be on the stable landslide area. Though, in the case of noted slope weakening/collapse, it would be difficult to avoid bridge mounts damage and relevantly gas pipeline damage. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, this sub-version was rejected.
According to the second sub-version, gas pipeline route should have passed above the landslide area, on the steep slopes. In this case, new ROW should have been cut from km 222 + 740, the approximate length of which would be in the limits of 1300-1500. This version seemed to have two negative sides: First, due to cutting of steep slopes serious erosion processes development was expectable, which would be followed by slope landslides; Second, environ-
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6. Alternatives
ment background condition would be worsened (It would be necessary to cut the forest). Due to the noted, this sub-version was rejected.
Finally, the second version was reviewed and accepted, which implied ar- rangement of the gas pipeline new alternative route in parallel to the existing temporary scheme route, in 30 m distance from the river Aragvi dry bed.
It should be also noted, that due to geodynamic threat, only 300 m section lo- cated in the active cone of the landslide part subordinated to transfer. Accord- ing to new version 854,5 m length route construction is considered. It is caused by the fact, that in this section of the route gas pipeline 1020 mm pipes are put on 800 m length. According to gas pipeline exploitation service repre- sentative recommendation, existing 1020 mm pipe (active at this stage on the basis of temporary scheme) will be fully replaced with 1220 mm pipe accord- ing to gas pipeline exploitation-technological requirements.
Hence above-mentioned second version inspections, temporary scheme active 30 m distance from 1020 mm pipeline project version was leaned on slope condition report, where landslide multi-cylinder in slide surface conditional allowance method was utilized (According to norms requirements in Georgia). Hence report, it is clear, that landslide process may develop from the active temporary scheme pipeline to the river Aragvi bed depth by distance of 6- I Om.
Hence all above-mentioned, there will be no landslide emergency situation on the gas pipeline alternative route in future.
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7.1 Description of the Region
Meneso landslide area is located in north part of Dusheti district, on the left bank of r. Aragvi at KP220 of the gas pipeline between Pasanauri and Ananuri settlements.
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.~~~1 ~ , ', \ .'17
S~~- r .¢*tE-. h
* -<.r -,t \ ,; v ^-
Figure 7-1 Clay-shale rocks and sand stone layers at Meneso landslide site area
Geomorphologically, Dusheti region is located within Greater Caucasus south mountains and Shiga Kartli north periphery. The terrain of Pasanauri-Dusheti section belongs to high and mid mountainous erosion type with many steep slopes dissected with numerous erosive streams. R. Aragvi valley, where Me- neso landslide is located is dissected with erosive streams of various shape and length. Erosive processes are very characteristic for the slope composed with unstable clay-shale rocks.
Geological composition of the region is represented with deposits of lower Cretaceous epoch - carbonate-terrigene flysch, lithological composition of these rocks is represented by alternation of thin layered clay-shales, sand stones, allevrites and marls with seldom limestone and argillite interbeds.
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* A's 1~-t
* -- < - .a'
Figr 7-2 Menes ladsid formtio detail
f'; - * -1&
grainof varou sizes.-iA; . -. ' -' " ;;
As. ' . . ' r ;{ ' - "
Figure 7-2 Meneso landslide formation detail
Meneso landslide area is constructed with alluvial delluvial-prolluvial and prolluvial formations, represented by transported clay mass, filled with rough grains of various sizes.
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-SG I-R =o 0 E
Fiue73 Mnso lnsldvesus pipeline
Atplaceiwh re 7-Meneso landslideens Argenr.u ipravine budrcbls
loam and sandy loam are spread.
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-F -6 *v
Figure 7-4 Meneso landslide ending in r. Aragvi ravine
According to erosion classification, Meneso landslide belongs to risk factor one where rehabilitation works must be urgently undertaken.
7.2 Social Conditions
7.2.1 Population and Infrastructure
There are no inhabited areas alongside Meneso landslide alternative route that might be negatively affected (the nearest inhabited area is v. Dgnali that is 1,5km away) by the works
The route passing from the pipeline shelf of R. Aragvi to the working sites is not used by the local population, since Meneso landslide body crosses ROW and, therefore, interconnection between adjacent settlements with the dirt road going through pipeline shelf is impossible. Only few small fenced territories exist on the route from R. Aragvi bridge to landslide body, that are far from the working site and the impact might be caused by dust formed from the ve- hicle traffic in dry weather. Accordingly, the mitigation measures will be un- dertaken.
Settlements around landslide body moved on certain distance (the nearest v. Dgnali is 1,5km), which, in consideration of the location, makes the negative impact impossible. The next is v. Chartali on the right bank of R. Aragvi (app. 70 households), v. Meneso (approx. 25 households), v. Muguda on the left bank of R. Aragvi (app. 20 households), v. Dgnali (app. 20 households), v. Dolaskedi (app. 27 households) and v. Pavleuri (app. 48 households). These villages are located in the immediate vicinity of the landslide (see drawing). The inhabitants of mentioned villages are ethnic Georgians.
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7. Environmental Baseline
The above mentioned villages are quite well-provided with initial infrastruc- ture: access roads, wiring, and water supply system.
7.2.2 Workforce and Employment
The inhabitants of above mentioned villages are mainly employed in the agri- cultural sector and follow the individual farming. Activities of the inhabitants of above mentioned villages include either animal (mainly cattle, pig, sheep) or vegetation (considering climate and geographic conditions) farming.
Individual economy is mainly characterized by those average indices, that are given in the North-South gas pipeline rehabilitation social-economic analyze. Employment of inhabitants in the non agricultural sphere is extremely limited and therefore the population of mentioned villages (as of Chartala and Ana- nuri) has no other additional source of income enabling enlargement of their shoestring budget.
It is obvious from the above mentioned that the construction-rehabilitation of Meneso section pipeline will be the significant incentive for local community and these works may have the positive social impact on the pipeline rehabilita- tion project. In addition, it is possible to estimate (see table 1.1) workforce in the mentioned settlements using general statistic data.
Table 7-1 Assessment of workforce in settlements around Meneso landslide I--
...... i ...... -- - - Chartali Sakrebulo 803 I401 402 513 77 Includes: V. Chartali 279 136 I 143 178 26 V. Meneso 96 52 44 61 9 V. Muguda 80 40 40 5,1 7 V. Dolaskedi 109 53 56 69 10 r.. .-.-..-.-.--. ---.-.-..---. . .. ------7 ...... --..-----.-.-.-.-.-.-. Etc. 239 120 119 152 22 Ananuri Sakrebulo 1692 813 879 1082 162 -Icue:,Includes:,,,.. --- ...... L-- ...... -.---...... ----- V. Dgnali 83 44 39 53 7 V. Pavleuri 191 89 102 122 18 Etc. 1418 680 738 907 136
Source: Dept. of Statistics. Ministry of Economic Development; author's calculations
7.2.3 Existing Situation in Project Affected Area
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7. Environmental Baseline
The area affected within Meneso landslide is mainly represented by lands used for pastures. At several places, the said area is fenced with simple material. Some sections of the adjacent forest are enclosed with wire net as well. As of May 2006, those lands are not cultivated and serve as pastures.
r--1 W4
Figure 7-5 Meneso area, floodplain of Aragvi left bank
The fact that rehabilitation works on Meneso landslide shall affect the said land areas so that locals will not be able to use them is obvious. Apart from this, heavy machinery movement, equipment storage etc. shall also pose nega- tive impact and so it is anticipated that locals will not be able to use the lands as pastures for as minimum 1-2 yrs.
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* 0t
Figure 7-6 Meneso area, access road to NSGP section
7.3 Atmospheric Air Quality
Atmosphere will be contaminated in course of work activities: transportation of thousands of cub. m of earth materials, drilling-blasting works, access roads, riverbed cutting, pipe transportation and storage, installation of new pipes and dismantle of the old ones, welding and other auxiliary works.
Basic types and quantities of machinery-equipment and materials provoking atmospheric contamination is listed blow:
i3=- Earth works Thou. cub. m 75,56 2 Excavations Hrs 726,0 3 Bulldozing Hrs ___1425,4 4 Blasting (explosives) Tone 0,787 -p .-..-.-.--.- ...... ----.- -.-..-...... -.-...... - ..-...... -.--.....-. Welding Tn ,5 (electrodes and welding materials)- Tn ,5 6 Loss of natural gas Thou. cub m 250,0_
Identification of the atmosphere contaminating sources and emission was cal- culated based on of standard documentation and reference books.
Emission during drilling-blasting, excavation, earth transportation and other works was calculated using licensed software program [2], for welding opera- tions [3] and gas emission [4].
Calculation accordance and results are listed below:
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7. Environmental Baseline
7.3.1 Emission Source #1, Drilling Works
Calculation equations, initial data. Dust emission is calculated using formula: M = Qmm X Qdril x T x Nr x K2 x N / 1000, t/sec; Drilling rig type CEWJ-200; Rock strength - f=6-8; Qdril - (before cleaning) specific dust emission, 32,3kg/m3; Usage of dust arrester: not used; T= 7h - working shift (hr); Nr = 90 - number of work days throughout the year; K2 = 0.7 - coefficient which allows for humidity, (7,1-8%); N=l - several equipment working together (unit); Qmm =Q -7d2/4=0.0362 m3/hr - Qmm - drilling rig output, m3/hr; d=0. 13 m - drilling diameter; Q =60/(TO+Taux) = 60/(60/(Vb+ Taux))=2,7273m/hr. rig output, m/sec; Vb = 3 rn/hr - drilling speed; Taux = specific time of auxiliary works; Dust emission calculated using equation: G = Qmm X Qdrl1 x N / 3,6 g/sec.
Results of Calculation:
-- lSubs(iance NY;aine ^ n = ^ ,
2902 | Inorganic Dust l032479 0.516 0.00
7.3.2 Emission Source #2, Blasting
Calculation equations, initial data. Harmful gas emission is calculated by equation:
M = K x A X (Qhigh + Qc m) x N/(1000000 x Tmed), t/sec; K - conversion factor for harmful gas (CO:K =1,25g/l, NO2 :K= 1,4g/1.); A - quantity of the blasting substances, (39.35 kg); N - number of blastings per year 20; Material to be blasted: gramonit 79/21; Rock strength: 6-8; Qhigh_ harmful gases in dust and gas cloud during blasting Q,m - specific consistence of blasted rock (cm); I/kg; Q,l - blasted mass volume, m3; Qspec. - specific dust emission from I m3 mass, kg/m3;
Calculated coefficients of rocks and specific consistence of harmful sub- stances Consistence in dust and gas cloud and rock.
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Co 1.25 5.8 2.5 N02 ! l 40 5. 2.5
Maximum one time emission of harmful gases is calculated using equation:
G = K x A x Qhigh / (t x Tmed ); g/sec, where
t - blasting duration, sec; Tmed _ average 20 min, sec (1200);
Total emission of dust is calculated by equation:
M = Qv, 1.x K2 x Q,p,, x N / (1000 x Tmed), t/yr. where:
Qvol=51.75 m3 volume of blasted mass; Q,p,, =0.04kg/m3 specific dust from one cub. m mass; K, =0. I coefficient which allows for humidity (>10%);
Maximum one time gas emission is calculated:
M = 1000 x Qvol x Qspec x K2 / (t x Tmed), g/sec.
Results of Calculation:
Mlax. Total Suibsiance Nanic Emision -C'ode- 0301 Nitrogen (IV) Monoxide 0.26168 0.009 0337 Carbon Monoxide (GO) 0.23774 0.008 2902 Suspended particulates 0.17250 . 0.004
7.3.3 Emission Source # 3, Excavator Working
Calculation equations, initial data. Equipment type: single bucket excavator; Rock strength : rock f=6; Dust emission during single bucket excavator working is calculated using equation:
M = Qe, x (3,6 x E x Kex/ Teb) x K1 x K2 x T x N, x N)/(1000), t/yr;
Qex = dust emission from Im3 loaded material, g/m3 (4.4); E - bucket capacity, m3 (0,65); K3=0.7 (scoop- 2.0 t/m3 (rock density 2); Tex - excavator working cycle, sec. (60); K1=1 .00 - coefficient which allows for wind speed (2m/sec); K,=1.20 - coefficient, which allows for humidity (hum: 3.1-5%);
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T=7 hr. - working cycle; Nr=90 - number of working cycles; N=l - number of equipment working together;
Maximum one time dust emission during single bucket excavator working is calculated using equation:
G = Qe, x E x Ke x K I x K2 x N/Teb, g/wm Kex excavation ratio.
Results of Calculation:
Suibslance NaIme
2902 Inorganic Dust | 0.04004 1 0 091
7.3.4 Emission Source #4, Bulldozer Working
Calculation equations, initial data. Equipment type: bulldozer; Rock strength: rock f=4;
Dust emission during bulldozer working is calculated using equation:
M = (3,6 X Qbull x Gm xV x K x K2 x T x N, x N) / (1000 x Tbc x Kgc), t/sec;
QbuIJ- specific dust emission from It material, g/t (0.85); Gm - rock density t/m3 (2.0); V - prism dislocation (m3) (2); Tb, - bulldozer working cycle, sec (40); Kp - 1.35 rock density t/m3 (rock density 2.0t/m3); K1 =1.00 - coefficient which allows for wind speed ( 2m/sec); K, =1.20 - coefficient which allows for humidity (3.1-5%); T = 7 hr - working hours; Nr = 90 - number of work days throughout the year; N = I - several equipment working together; Maximum one time dust emission during bulldozer working is calculated by:
G=(QbulIx Gm x Vx K 2 xKN)/(TbcxKp);
Harmful substance emission during bulldozer working:
M = (Qsb x T,b + Qpl x Tp1 + Qm1 x Tm1) x 10-2 x (T / 100) x Nr x N / 1000), t/yr;
Tsb/Tp1/TmI - percentage distribution of engine working time (relevantly 20, 40 and 40 %) (standby/partial load/maximum load). Contaminating substance
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emission during engine working in specific regime, kg/h substance Qsb/ Qpl/Qml-
Specific emissions of pollutants in the respective engine regime, in kg/hrs:
Carbonic oxide (CO) 0.1370 0.2050 0.3420 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 0.0540 0.1330 0.3510 Kerosene (CH) - 0.0720 0.2140 0.2750 ,,S,o,(C,,,,,,,,,...... ,,,,,,soot (C) ,, 0.03,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.. ..., ...... -0oo3 03 ...J .0090.0190 0040.0440
Nitric oxide transportation coefficients: K, 0=0.13 Kno0-=0.8 During bulldozer working, maximum one time emission of contaminating sub- stances is calculated using equation: G = Qmex N / 3,6 g/sec. During bulldozer working total emission of sulphur dioxide is calculated by:
M = 0,02 x Bfc x Cs x N, t/yr;
Bfc annual consumption of fuel, t/yr (23); Cs sulphur consistence in fuel, % (0.3);
Maximum emission of sulphur dioxide during bulldozer working is calculated by equation
G = 0,02 x Bmax x Cs x N, g/sec, where Bmax = maximum fuel consumption (g/sec).
Results of Calculation:
Sullance N.inNi. e IiiI%il (ode - (1/_e-i ir) 0301 Nitrogen (IV) Oxide 0.0780 0.103 0 01267 0.017 , 0304- - .- -....Nitrogen -....--...... --.---...... (11) Oxide.... 7 .----.-...... 0328 Soot 0.01222 0.016 r - -.---.- .... ~~~~.....- ...... --.-..------... . - --. -.- .-.....--...... -.- -.-..-...-- 0330 Sulphur dioxide 0.0540 0.138 0337 Carbon monoxide 0.09500 0.155 2732 Kerosene 0.07639 0.132
2902 __ Inorganic Dust -- 0.07556 0.171
7.3.5 Emission Source #5, Welding Works
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Required electrodes total 0,406 tons. Harmful gas emission in case of flux us- age according to [3]-equals: aerosols in total - 0,28 for g/kg; iron rusts - 0,07 for g/kg; and manganese oxide - 0,02 for g/kg, which equals:
specific emission of aerosols - 0,28 x 406 x 10-3 = 0,113 kg; iron rusts - 0,07 x 406 x 10-3 = 0.028; manganese oxides 0,02 x 406 x 10-3 = 0.008 kg.
Maximum consumption totals 3 kg/h and emission per second equals:
Emission per second equals: Aerosols - 0,28 x 3 x (3,6 x 10-3 ) = 0,000233 g/sec; Iron rusts- 0,07 x 3 x (3,6 x 10-3 ) = 0.0000583 g/sec; Manganese oxides 0,02 x 3 x (3,6 x 10-3 ) = 0.0000 166 g/sec.
7.3.6 Emission Source #6, Natural Gas Emission From Pipe
During pipeline capital repair, gas shall be emitted in atmosphere, technologi- cal loss according to cost estimate is about 250,0 ten. cub. m, so there shall be short-term impact on the environment.
In case of critical emission from gas flare, emission speed is calculated ac- cording to [6].
W = 91,5 x [iI - i2]0,5 in/sex; where i I - is the enthalpy of emitted flow from the gas place kJ/kg. (Po; to)
i2 - flow enthalpy during work kJ/kg; (Pp; tp)
il and i2 - values in work conditions is given in [6] and sums 2800K (by Kel- vin) in case of 0,1 Mpa pressure - 1155,9 kJ/kg, and 1129,0 kJ/kg in case of 2,5 Mpa pressure, which corresponds to pipeline actual working pressure and in case of critical emission the speed will be W = 91,5 x [il - i2]0,5 = 91,5 x (1155,9-1129,0)0,5 = 475 in/sec.
Specific consumption in view of gas flare (D = 0,3 m), will be V = W x F = 475 m/sec x 0,07 m2 = 33,25 m3/sec. that is 33,25 m3/sec x 0,7 kg/m3 = 23,275 kg/sec, that is 23275 g/sec.
Gas flow stagnation according to [6] (Pf.s.) when Pw= 20 kgf/cm2 and T=200C, equals:
Pf.s.= PO x [(K+1)/2] k/k-I = 1,033 x [(1,1 + 1)/2]1,1/1,1-1 = 1,77 kgf/cm2. Adiabatic index K = 1, 1;
Level of gas ambiguity regime:
nl= Pw/ Pfs.= 20 kgf/cm2 / 1,77 kgf/cm2 = 11,3;
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[6] is also used to determine geometrical height in uncertain regime: AH= D x 9,5 x I) x (ni x k)0'- 1,05/( X x (ni x k)2'71 = 0,3 x 9,5 x l1 x (11,3 x 1)°! - 1,05 / (1 x (1 1,3 x 1)2,71 = 0,3 x 9,5 x 13,361-1,05/697,1271 = 2,85 x (3,361-0,0015) = 2,85 x 3,36 = 9,6; Determination of gas flare effective height:
Standard height of gas flare is 2.0m and of which
Hef H + AH = 2,0 + 9,6 = 11,6m.
It has to be noted that due to high value of initial speed of gas flow (WO = 470 m/sec), hazardous speed of the wind (Um), when earth concentration may reach maximum value at so called hazardous distance ( at Xm = 740m dis- tance in our case) is highly anticipated (Um = 35 m/sec), As such wind speed is not observed on any of the sites, calculations were made in view of maxi- mum potential speed of the (6 m/sec).
In view of quantitative, qualitative, geometric and aerodynamic parameters, air quality simulation is developed in two options. The first one corresponds to blasting works only (when other equipment is not operated) and second op- tion, when all remaining machinery is working synchronously, except blasting works.
Spatial distribution of contaminating particles are graphically depicted below.
Major meteorological characteristics were taken from climate reference books [5], and maximum allowed concentrations of contaminating substances are in accordance with [9].
Average anntual temperature of atmosphere by months. l-Pasanauri -4.1 --2.6 1.9 7.4 t12.4 , 15.6 1 18.5 1 1.5144 94 3 7 ,]-1.6 7.8
Recurrence of wind average direction throughout the year
Pasanauri_,26 I- 61421 5 2 2 - 16 , 52
Average monthly and annualspeed of the wind (mn/sec)
Pasanauri | 0.9 11.2 1.6 1.6 | 1.4 1 1.2 1.2 1.0l1.l1 0.9 [0.8 l1.2
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Option I Blasting Works
- - -Pipeline Centre * Line
Populated Zone Boundary .-- 4:
4 0
Figure 7-7 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide
- -- 9Pipeline Centre - - Line
Populated .' Zone Boundary
0.030
Figure 7-8 Spatial Distribution of Carbon Dioxide
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Pipeline Centre Line
Populated Zone 0,' Boundary
202 . - p2 2O11
Figure 7-9 Spatial Distribution of Inorganic Dust
Option #2
nPipe lne Centre I .Line
~~1-, --- -, - *------' -i -.- t "--. ---. / / I
Populated - - IL L .2 . Vi ; Zone Boundary
--.-...--.-..--- 0-.--59 - ..------..---..
Figure 7-10 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide
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I Pipeline
Line
rO3 4
Populated -
Boundary
Figure 7-10 Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Oxide
... Pipeline
Centre Line
'0 160( -
Populated 0 Zone . L . I j 7 4 l 4 Boundary ~-
Figure 7-12 Spatial Distribution of Soot
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Pipeline - ' ------Centre Line
0O210G
PoDpulated - -- 4-
Boundary - -- 1O30 0 070
Figure 7-13 Spatial Distribution of Sulphur Dioxide
Pipeline 4 4 Centre
4 I 4 - Line
-0 0404
r -4 4
4 ' ' 4 - opulate-d-~ Zone - 4,.' * 4 t -
Zoner7-1 Spta Ditibto of-----bonMonoxide
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Pipeline Centre Line
jU4I6 0 030
Populated Zone Boundary-
0.1b0
Figure 7-15 Spatial Distribution of Carbohydrates Cl C5
Pipeline Centre - I 2Line
0 120
_ 'J I
Populated Zone Boundary
Figure 7-16 Spatial distribution of kerosene
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IL Pipeline Centre Line
*Fl -7
Populated
Boundary O
Figure 7-17 Spatial distribution of inorganic dust
Pipeline
- Centre
Populated-
-
tionsandn2
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7. Environmental Baseline
- .-. - -. --.------...... la !
(olianliinarinG M =11_ E nb Tille IPo 304 Nitrogen Oxide ...... 0.393 ...... 0.590 301 Nitrogen Dioxide - 0.020 328 Soot - 0.050 --- . --.-.. ------....-.---.- .-.-.-.-.-- --.---.--...... ---.-.------A--.----. 330 Sulphur Dioxide 0.070 337 Carbon monoxide 0.030 0.010 415 Carbon Hydrogen (C1-C5) - 0.100 2732 Hydrocarbons (Kerosene Fraction) 0.040
Attachment shows computer calculations of emission for both options.
7.4 Noise
Source of noise during reconnaissance works are drilling rig, excavator and bulldozers, the noise level at 2m from working machinery sums 80dB (by de- sign documentation), according to technological machinery location scheme, the closest settlement is 375m away from noise generating sources.
The sanitary standard "Noise at working places, accommodations, public warehouses and dwelling areas" allow 55dB noise during and day and 45 dB during the night within the populated territories.
Sound level La at settlement border is determined according to SNiP 11-12- 77M by equation
LA = LA nsc - A LAcalc _ A LAsc - A Lpl
where,
A LA nsc- noise source characteristic (passport);
• A LACalc - noise level reduction (dB) in view of distance between noise level and calculated point (r) (determined by the chart given in SNiP 11-12- 77 M), in present case r = 375m, whereas A LAcalc = 32 dB;
* A LA Sc- reduction of noise level with screens;
v A L p, - reduction of noise level with plant line.
Noise level reduced with plants is given in table below:
------.
I In one line, staggered order of the trees 10-15 4-5 2 In one line, staggered order of the trees 16-20 5-8 3 In two lines, 3-5m distance between the lines, 21-25 8-10
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Green protective line towards v. Meneso forms part of the natural terrain, also acting as noise arrestor.
According to calculations, in case of several equipment working within the area noise level increases insignificantly. For example, in case of two similar machinery working together, increase in noise level totals 0.3dB. So, total noise level for all equipment sums 85dB.
As noise is reduced to 32dB at 375m from the noise producing sources and in view of natural green lines between the construction site and the settlements, the noise level shall reduce by additional 5 dB and anticipated noise level within the settlements shall be:
LA = LA nsc - A LA calc - A LASC - A LPI. = 85 -32 - 0 - 5 = 48dB.
and it does not exceed the limit determined by the standards (55dB).
As working in single shifts is planned, noise will be spread from 23pm to 8 am.
In view of the above said, the impact of noise generated during the equipment operation will not significant.
7.5 Topsoils
For general assessment of topsoils, enforced topsoil classification method was used in accordance with Monograph of T. Urushadze, Topsoils of Georgia, 1977.
By the said classification, brown acidic, brown unsaturated and compost car- bonate topsoils. Among them, brown acidic topsoils are characteristic for Me- neso landslide formations. According to the classification, signs of brown acidic topsoil are acid reaction, no saturation, less absorption of moisture, re- duction of humus in depth and less consistence of humus. These topsoils are relatively young, their evolutional transition in other types of topsoils is con- nected with topsoil formation processes. These topsoils are mainly formed un- derneath beech oaks, and seldom pine woods.
Almost all villages located on r. Aragvi left bank - Tskhvediani, Buchaanis kari, Paviauri, Dosakhedis kari etc. use the topsoil for gardening., fruits and other agriculture.
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Chemical analysis of topsoil samples recovered from landslide area conducted for heavy element quantity determination confirmed the topsoil contamination with heavy elements. Cobalt and cadmium are the exceptions the high consis- tence of which was encountered within the pipe vicinity and presumably it is a man-made impact caused by various waste left after pipe installation like welding rods, isolation material etc.
Hydrologically, Dusheti district and namely r. Aragvi ravine belong to hydro- logical region of artesian belt and contains porous and porous-fissured water artesian Kartli basin. Alluvial soil and pressured water deposits of lower creta- ceous and modern epoch are spread. Water horizon width of modern alluvial deposits in r. Aragvi ravine reaches 2 km, grain size distribution of the rocks range downstream the river. Coarse grained material - boulders and gravels are met, gravel sizes exceed 15 cm midstream and well and fine grained mate- rial is observed downstream , with gravel-sandy loam and clay loam matrix. High waters range according to alluvium grain size distribution and matrix variance, ground waters are at 0.5-5.0m depth and at some places reach lOm. General mineralization of ground waters is low and does not exceed O.4g/1.
Water horizon mainly feeds with river waters and from atmospheric precipita- tions, the regime of the horizon is inter-connected with river regime.
7.6 Regulation of Water Resources
According to the investigations carried out on Meneso landslide and adjacent area and territory reconnaissance topsoil, soil and surface water contamination existence was encountered (Attachment 3).
What concerns works in r. Aragvi dried riverbed, they are planned in terms of low waters, namely in 2nd and 3rd quarter of 2006.
Brief description of r. Aragvi, main hydrological artery of the site of interest is given below.
R. Aragvi takes its source from Caucasus mountains (at 2681 m of height) and flows in r. Mtkvari (460m of height) as left tributary by c. Mtskheta. R. Aragvi feeds with numerous small and medium streams and gullies both from left and right banks, these tributaries on their behalf are enriched with snow, rain and ground waters. Tetri and Shavi Aragvi are most mention worthy, one connect- ing to r. Aragvi by Pasanauri and the other by Zhinvali
Highest water levels are encountered during spring time and totals about 58% of annual flow, about 23% in summer and 14 and 15% in autumn and winter.
What concerns solid deposits, after Zhinvali water reservoir operation, number of deposits has decreased and annual volume is around 82 tons.
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Ice cover had been encountered during various seasons north to Pasanauri, up- stream the basin.
It has to be noted that gas pipeline from Pasanauri to v. Ananuri goes across r. Aragvi left slope and crosses r. Aragvi, goes under Zhinvali water reservoir and through v. Zotikiantkari village proceeds south towards Dusheti.
In order to avoid flooding in course of works, it is provisioned to enclose the work site in the riverbed. The barrier height will be 2m and determined in view of calculated flow Q=100 m3/sec. The barrier will ensure workers safety and will block small stream running out from r. Aragvi main riverbed.
The trench arranged on pipe yard shall be filled with r. Aragvi filtrate, prior to pipes installation water will be pumped out and flowed in riverbed through settling basin to allow suspended solids' concentrates to reach 300 in/l. During work activities, particular focus will be laid on machinery operation. After pipe installation, hermetic testing has to be carried out, and for this, Aragvi water intake and off-take through settling basin shall be performed.
The said works require environmental permit from the Ministry of Environ- ment of Georgia.
Major aspects of using ground water are narrated below.
7.6.1 Water Courses and Potential Source of Impact
Maximum allowed concentrations contaminating water by Georgian laws on Environmental Protection and Water are individually determined for each wa- tercourse in view of technological characteristics and baseline pollution of the environment.
Maximum allowed intake is determined as maximum mass, during the flow of which during some time in some section of the site is allowed in view of qual- ity provision stated by standard.
Standards have to be observed for maximum allowed intakes of water con- taminating substances for operable, design, construction and rehabilitation site (regardless of organizational/legal belonging) during which household, indus- trial, drainage and sewage waters, as well as melioration water remains are dropped.
Maximum allowed intakes are determined in view of "Calculation of Maxi- mum allowed intake of water contaminating substance together with intake water in water courses", approved by Ministry of Environment by the order #105 of 12 August, 1996.
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7.6.2 Maximum Allowed Concentrations and Maximum Value of Emission
Licenses and control systems regulating discharge waters in wet European countries differ, they have been developed over the years and are based on geographical and historical priorities. However, none of these systems is ideal and directly used by one country.
Most of west Europe requests licenses for emissions in air, water and land.
Two principle approaches are adopted for emission control - Environmental quality norms - Maximum Allowed Concentrates and Maximum Value of Emission.
Maximum allowed concentrate (MAC) is a value, which determines the limit of concentrate emission in air, water, or topsoil, the advantage of this approach is that it enables Government to determine the quality of the environment, which is inevitable for human health and environment.
MAC is based on complex of scientific analyses where many factors are con- sidered and in terms of information deficiency, it is very troublesome to proof the value, so it is easier to determine maximum value of emission (MVE).
MVE is a figure, which determines maximum emission from some particular source. EU legislation (instructions) identifies MVE norms for some specific substances, which are particularly hazardous.
Both approaches have advantages and drawbacks:
Advantages Advantages Considers economical and technical prospective. Enables to determine the quality of environment needed for human health and environmental protec- Depends on technology tion. Is in compliance with requirements and principles set out Considers water contaminating levels and additional in particular fields of industry "Polluter pays' ... ,M possibilities, .T-mmaho1-pr9yoking
Disadvantages Disadvantages
Troublesome to determine compared to MVE, due to Not flexible enough to determine condition of water- lack of information among many other factors. course on some specific site.
Synergic effect of contamination is not considered. Not based on individual approach
It is a fact that for example in France and Germany preference is given to us- age of MVE, whereas in Holland, England and Waters. MAC approach is ad- vantageous.
Recently, it has become evident that MVE norms should be based on so called combined method, which means the assessment of technical methods in re- gards to environmental requirements. This means that design solutions should
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provision environmental protection of river basin: and in case it is not in- cluded in the design, relevant calculations have to be undertaken to identify MVE (for this case determination is based on "Calculation of Maximum al- lowed intake of water contaminating substance together with water intake in water courses", approved by Ministry of Environment by the order # 105 of 12 August, 1996.
7.6.3 Principles for Determining Standards of Maximum Value Of Emission in Georgia
Maximum value of emission is determined as maximum mass allowed to be flown in water at some particular time in some particular section in view of water regime and normative standards.
MVE standard is identified in accordance with baseline concentrates, water consumption categories, concentrates and their assimilation capabilities.
Baseline concentrates of substance in water is an index showing water condi- tion prior to any kind of impact on water course.
MVE standards are developed for particular water courses to ensure water protection standards.
Water usage categories:
In this case MVE standard is the actual emission.
No MVE standards are determined for industrial and agricultural waters emit- ted in sewage systems of cities and settlements.
For hydro power plants and other sites, where water is used for cooling aggre- gates, MVE standards are determined in view of the condition according to which concentrates in discharge waters should not exceed baseline concen- trates at water taking places.
When several types of substances each having equal contaminating index are emitted in the water and they belong to hazard class I and 2 the following condition should be considered:
\ { {, .f , < . {4 i a
where:
C l, C2, . ..Cn... - concentrates emitted in water course;
MAC,, MAC.2, MACn- - maximum allowed concentrates.
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7.7 Seismic Hazard
From geological composition point, territory of Georgia is diverse and seismi- cally is mosaic like, with different levels of potential earthquakes.
Seismic division is based on geological structures' allotment, seismic parame- ter identification, calculation of effects on land surface.
Maximum seismicity points of the regions across the pipeline is calculated by 2% confidence level (1:50 probability, according to Richter scale) and is lo- cated within 7,8, and 9 point seismicity zones. So, earthquake impact on the pipeline can be assessed in two ways: impact on the pipeline and activation of dynamic processes.
In case of 7 point earthquake, pipe shall be deformed, particularly in corrosive sites finally resulted in gas leakage, loss and environmental pollution.
Earthquake across the pipeline route may destroy topsoil layers and rocks and cause landslide processes or activate geodynamic processes of which are inac- tive for now(landslide, stone slide, and mudflow), these processes shall cause pipe deformation.
Gas leakage and environmental pollution is evident in both cases, so it has to be considered during pipe rehabilitation works.
7.8 Flora
Flora of the region is diverse and rich. At places not used for agricultural needs many types of trees and bushes are spread. In the front mountainous ar- eas of Trialeti, Kartli and Saguramo ridges: paliurus pina Christi, Rhramus pallasii, , Orunus Spinoza and oak are met. Lower part of Saguramo, Trialeti, and Kartli (up to 1300-1400m) is covered with oak; there are many representa- tive of flora there too.
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.AN,
re g-ei,.s r s o . -
partly on the left terrace of the river.
Ravine forest is spread on the first terrace of both banks of Aragvi river, width of the forest line varies and ranges within 200-400m.
R. Aragvi ravine sections are well maintained, the fact that these areas have conversation status makes anthropogenic impact less.
The following tress are spread on both banks of r. Aragvi banks Populus canescena, Populus niqra, salis excelsa, Quercus longinea, Alnus berbate, Ul- naus suberase, Unus boliacea, Eleaginus angusti balia etc. and Carpinus cau- casica at several places. From bushes: Hippiphae rhamnoides, Rhamnus pallasii, Paliurus spina christi, lunperus oblonga, Rosa canina, Cotinus aggy- rna, Rhus coriiria Crataequs hirtostula, Prunus spinoza, Cotoneaster rece- mihlare, Thelycracia australis etc.
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7. Environmental Baseline
~ '
Figure 7-20 Remaining fragments of flora on landslide
Green cover in the ravines are unequally distributed and represented by Calamagrastis glauea, Cunodon Dastylan, Ymereto cylindzica etc.
7.9 Fauna
Dusheti district fauna is rich with species and namely: row, wild boar, Cauca- sian brown bear, wolf, fox, jackal, ounice, lynx, hare, badger, marten, polecat, otter, sleepyhead, hamster-, among birds: partridge, quail, dove, merle, magpie, crow, sparrow etc. and fish: hierring, khramuli (fish); barbell, frita, taglita etc. Saguramo state reserve is located within the area.
During Meneso landslide study, no conservation animals and birds were en- countered.
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In the process of project activities that imply different aspects of works poten- tial negative impact on environment is possible. The types of impacts are given in the table below.
Wi125I In IkUnI II 'III~ 1. Transportation
- implies transportation of materials and de- - noise during heavy vehicle movement (there are vices by vehicles from bases to storage areas no populated areas near worker camps): (construction camps) and later to the corridor alternative route. - generation of solid and liquid wastes (batteries, tires, oil, filters, spare parts etc.): - transportation of teams, devices and fuel along the areas of the corridor. - possibility of spillage of fuel or liquid waste.
2. Repairing ground road on the Pipeline Shelf:
- implies rehabilitation of existing ground - transportation of inert material necessary for road road: rehabilitation only form licensed quires.
- it should be considered that there is no ne- . - sedimentation of dust from traffic in several small cessity to build a new road. And there is no areas. populated area from the bridge on the river Aragvi to the construction site.
3. Construction of Temporary Structures connected with Construction Camp - impact on topsoil, - All types of works that are connected with temporary structures will be carried out on - possible contamination of soil by fuel reserve small territory adjacent to the site (30 x 40 location: =1200 mi2 ) It is located near the landslide and not on the pipeline shelf There are no trees, - waste generation; plants or bushes on the territory. - sewage cleaning and off take;
- impact on vegetation.
4. Transportation and Refueling
- Refueling of vehicles involved in the con- - accidental fuel spillage and possible negative struction and other devices will be carried out impact on environmental receptors such as water on the entire section of the route with special streams, ground waters and soils. reservoirs. Reservoirs will be filled in con- struction camps.
5...... Reinstatement...... I...... Implies: ......
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8. Potential Impacts of Works
- restoration of the territory after construction impact on soil: activity completion and removal of all vehi- cles, mechanisms and waste. This means res- - possibility of erosion; toration of topsoil and planting vegetation. - impact on vegetation. - Purpose of reinstatement is stabilizing the territory to avoid erosion...... ------...... ------...... 6. Construction of Trench in the Dry Route of the river Aragvi Includes:
- creation of protective barriers with river materials before trench excavation: - impact on itchyo fauna.
- locating soil from the trench for improve- - destruction of ichtyo fauna settings in some areas. ment of barrier strength; - location of access soil left after pipe lowering. - trench preparation for lowering;
-pumping ground water from the trench:
- creating of sand bag in the trench.
7. Waste
- the works listed above will generate solid - soil, aboveground and underground water con- and liquid waste that require temporary stor- tamination threat by improper storage and location age before transportation to final destination. or buming of waste.
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9.1 Introduction
In order to minimize the potential environmental impact of construction- assemblage works related to rehabilitation of 1,200 mm gas pipeline at Me- neso landslide zone, the number of mitigation measures has been planned. The range of mitigation measures varies depending on the engineering decisions and relates to the following components of the environment: air, noise, waste management, water resources, geology, landscape, etc. This section primarily requires making alternative decisions, which will be assessed within the framework of environmental conditions and engineering strategy, and which will be developed for the purpose of avoiding negative environmental impact.
In the course of construction-assemblage works, the following negative envi- ronmental impacts can be expected:
* soil damage; * possible development of the erosion process; a pollution of the water resources.
Due to the absence of sensitive vegetation at the entire territory of the con- struction site, the listed problems will practically be excluded.
Despite the mentioned, supervising organization shall allocate the special en- vironmental manager, who shall be responsible for supervising implementa- tion of the planned mitigation measures in the course of the works.
During the diversion of R. Aragvi branch, the measures directed towards mitigation of impact in ichthyofauna will be based on the following environ- mental principles:
n protection of ichthyofauna species in the river flow direction from the starting point of the construction works; * works shall be carried out in consideration of the spawning periods; * water quality shall be maximally preserved.
Potential risks of soil, surface and ground water pollution can be caused by spillage of fuel and lubricants from the machinery. Special attention shall be
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9. Impact Mitigation Measures
paid to ground water levels, since in case of high ground water levels, pollu- tion risks increase.
Issues of arranging the entire site, including the fuel-lubricants storage facili- ties is extremely important from the standpoint of protecting the both soil, and surface and ground waters. With this regard, the following specific mitigation measures shall be carried out:
* operating mechanisms in the R. Aragvi flow shall be maximally avoided; if there is no other possibility, such machinery shall be frequently tested and, in case necessary, repaired; * the fuel tanks shall be placed on the territory preliminary paved with clay or other isolating material and such territories shall be surrounded by the non watertight fill. Fueling transport means and various mechanisms shall also be carried out at the specially allocated places; m in order to avoid spillages of the fuel, the site shall be equipped with the special absorbents. The soil contaminated by fuel-lubrication materials shall be removed and stored separately, at specially allocates and prepared territory; * equipment and storage places to be fenced and locked, in order to avoid acts of theft and vandalism; * in case of accidental spillages, information on soil contamination shall be passed to the supervising organization and environmental manager.
Special attention shall be paid to issues related to disposal of household, in- dustrial and toxic wastes appearing during the construction works, including their transportation to the final disposal sites. The mentioned wastes shall be stored the way allowing to avoid:
* pollution of soil, air, surface and ground waters; * spillage of solid or liquid wastes from the temporary storage containers, because of the damage of such containers; * in order to avoid the environmental pollution, hazardous waste containers shall have the respective volume, composition and conditions. The con- tainers shall have the covers, allowing keeping the contents hermetically. The containers shall be prepared from the materials, which will not react with the wastes to be stored in them; * the household wastes shall be collected and stored at the places, allowing avoiding any hazard to human health. They shall also be protected from the insects.
Special attention from the mitigation standpoint shall be paid to laying 0 1,200 mm pipeline at the left bank of R. Aragvi in the dry section of riverbed. This report is based on the hydrological estimates of the laying depth neces- sary for achieving safe pipeline operation provided in the design documenta- tion. According to this documentation, the pipeline shall be laid below the scouring depth. The distance between scouring depth and upper mark of the pipeline shall be 0.5 m minimum. Based on the above, the average depth of
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9. Impact Mitigation Measures
the pipeline cradle along the lengthwise profile will make 4 m (see Appendix "Lengthwise Profile of Project Pipeline").
Prior to laying the pipeline into the cradle, it will be necessary to pump out the water. The pumped water discharge into R. Aragvi will be carried out through the one step sediment trap in order to achieve observance of the floating parti- cle norms.
Disassembling 0 700 mm pipeline after rehabilitation of 0 1,200 mm pipeline according to its initial scheme is especially important. This pipeline might contain the liquid gas condensate. Since the disassembling will be carried out by cutting, it is necessary to arrange the special collectors at cutting places, which will allow avoiding spillage of condensate in the R. Aragvi bed.
9.2 Social Mitigation Measures
Based on the above, we can conclude that construction-rehabilitation works planned at the Meneso landslide section of North-South Pipeline can have only minimal impact in day-to-day economical activities of the local popula- tion. In order to mitigated such impacts, the complex of following measures can be applied:
u involving local population in rehabilitation works; * carrying out environmental actions for rehabilitation of the pastures (1,200 sq. m land plot used for arranging the campus) after accomplishment of construction works.
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Table 9-1 Summary of Mitigation Measures
rality Daily testing and technical servicing of construction The requirement shall be included To be implemented by the devices and transportir means reduction of the haz- into the constructionins constructing organization. ;ardous substance eissions into the atmosphere oincluding testpng/niaintenance pro-s.
2 I Geology RMontoringt neso lan slddezon stabrlity oh e ad omealy c on the reimed g d apleahentedoby thc opcrating COIt j }' i''--- ...... ------.'...... ----..------...... ----... .. --.. ------...... 3 1Hydrology-Ecology Maxfmal observance of the area (ridth) of the terri- Accurate Identification of the area To be implemented by the A o tory allocated for in R. Aragvi bed. s necessary for pipeline construction in constructing organization, i l l ' | : ~R. Aragvi bed and identification of l.
4 TEcology Removing the soil layer during arrangement of the The requirement shall be included To be implemented by the Quality control of the reclaimed nworkers'campus and replacing it to the reclaimed into the construction specifications. constructing organization, lands will be carried out by oper- ground after accomplisimenttheir primaryconditions, of the construction ~threhabiittionarco meaures shal aleso.eotb ating companyh peaigcma I - - l -- - - Ivork.; | 1 Eco ogy After acbompltshi ent of the ori ks,rehabdlitatmon dn Such plaes shle be idicated mi the To be implemented by the C iAssessmentobe assdy th the additional access roads and pipe storage places in construction specifications. Their constructing organization. rehabilitated lands will be carried their primar conditions. rehabilitation measures shall also be ut by the operating company. I z~I | dentified.ii 6 Ecology MFlling the ponds ncessary br hydrostats c testingr of The requirement shall be included To be implemented by th-e ;Condition of the in the pipeline and rehabilitating them in their primarywok to the construction specificagons constructing organization. works to be tested by operating I i I ~~conditions.il - l 7 E Ecology Rehabilitation of theR. Aragvi banksdamaged during SucThpossnble places shall be indi- To be implemented by the Condition to be aslityeofthe p constructionofthe works. g cated in the constructiondesign in the constructing organization im.operalmng cocpany. cont o w , drm of rehabilitation work ulan.b a t8 Ecology Minimization of the number of plants to be removed Such places shall be listed in the STobe implrmvance b thed -ra from R. Aragvi valley during the construction works. of constructionpprocss desgn devel- constructing organization. , | ~opment.l I 9 EEcology Rehabilitation of habitat and planting trees for the ;The natural vegetation sites shall be iTo be implemented bV the Condition and quality of the l i purposes of compensating damage caused during the ;indicated in both, the construction constructing organization. ;Implemcnted works to be carried| ll construction works. ;desig and EA otbthoprincman. |10 Ecology |Limitation of periods when pipeline cradle will be ;Such places shall be indicated in the |Strict observance of the dura- l | E open to the necessary minimum, in order to maximally construction specifications. |tion limits by the constructing;l Lt - l avoid animals fallingminto such cradles...... organ.zation
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Table 9-1 Summary of Mitigation Measures
12 Land use In case the private lands will be used in the course of Such territories shall bet indicated n After accomplishment of con- To be implemented under te the construction works, their consequent rehabilita- the construction design, including struction, The land rehabilita- supervision of Corpatin. I tetion theeir following rehabilitation plan. tion works, in accordance with 4D oland rehabilitation plan, shall i io be caried out by the construct- ;l I n ra ation 12 Waste management Disposal of household and tedustrialleastes at the nhe design shall indicate the conse- To be implemented by the deliminariln agreedplaces saentransporation anddisposa of mte caization.
13 - Waste disposal Prior to discharge into R. Aragvi, Testing and, in case in the construction specifi- To be implemented bv the Environmental managervndication of the E necessary, treating the waters uscd for EEcations,hydrostatical incldi ig MACs and testing constructiiig organization operating company shall partic - itesting of the pipeline. requirenments |Epate in implemientation of the E ...... - - - , lanned works -A 14 Disassembling of Prior to conmmencement of disasseinbling of the pipe- 'The requirmcmnt shall-beinclu~ded | l'o be Im-pl-em-e-nted by the During the4 entire period of the i 700 mnm pipeline line, the special collectors at the cutting places will be; into the construction specifications, constructing organization .works, the environmental service| I section installed, in order to avoid the spillage of liquid con- ,including indication of requirements of the Corporationshl 1pe densate into the river bed. for safe transportation and disposal of .menit the special ccontrol. in order the condensate -.to avoid spillage of the oil hy-
-.. -1......
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Table 9-2 Mitigation Plan
...... - .- f ENVIRONMENTAIL I Access road rehabilitation Impact on agricultural The length of rehabilitating road is about 0.6 km. No layer of earth exists on the right of Contractor land and water resources , way of the pipeline. The road wvill be graveled with local inert material. The amount of a) The rehabilitation of the ground is about 1000m 3. In order to protect agricultural land nearby the right of way access road to the right of from dusting during traffic, the road will be soaked with technical water during dry way of the pipeline to the weather. working site territory L - _- 2 Site arrangement on a plot Impact on soil - lower Plants on the territory designated for the working site are represented by grass types. Contractor ot land selected near work- layer of soil, surt'ace and 1he size of territory is 30X40=1 200n2. At an initial stage, 0.25 in depth layer of earth ing site groundwater will be removed and stored on a specially designated territory. The volume of the re- 3 moved layer is about 200X0.25+300 i . The height of storing removed earth layer should not exceed, according to effective norm. 2 meters. 'I'he area designated for stor- ing removed earth layer is located on a hypsometrically elevated place and thus protect- ing it from any precipitation from other territories.
Drainage channels will be installed around the stored layer to avoid washing down. After removing the earth, in order to avoid mudding of the ground during rainy days. 20 cm width graveled cover will be arranged. To this end, about 240 m3 gravel will be delivered from a licensed quarry and placed. In order to ensure the supply of tuel for construction vehicles (excavator. bulldozer, grader) the 5 m3 tank will be placed on the territory. Considering environmental requirements, which envisage the arrangement of containment barrier from water-proof material of such a height that in case of diesel a spill that ensures the containment of tank contents and 1.2 coefficient amount. The space under the tank and inner space of the barrier will also be coated with water-proof material, maybe with 10-15 cm width layer of clay, which will be removed after the completion of works and will be taken away to a specially designated place.
There will also be arranged a septic for collecting sewage. Once the works have been completed, special sewage collector vehicles will take out the mass in septic and washed down into the municipal sewerage system upon the agreement wvith local gov- ernance bodies. I
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Table 9-2 Mitigation Plan
.""'
3 Rehabilitation of the bridge Impact on water quality To ensure safe movement of vehicles. two additional concrete pylons will be installed Contractoir over the Aragvi river, in the region of dry riverbed under the bridge on the Aragvi river, which is about 3km which will allow heavy i away from the working site. The access road from the bridge to the pipeline corridor vehicles to travel along road will be broadened. In order to cover its flat surface about 40 m3 inert material will ...... be delivered from a .licensed...... quarry...... and .....spread...... over ...... there...... ------t------4 Construction of pipeline in Impact on surface waters I In order to protect a trench, needed for constructing pipeline in a dry part of the Aragvi Contractor the terrace part of the riverbed, from sudden flood or water ebbing. there will be arranged a dike (barrier) of Aragvi riverbed Impact on ichtiofauna river silt and ground removed from trench along the entire pipeline. A special attention i will be paid from the direction of the flow. The length of the pipeline in the riverbed wil be 750 meters and, accordingly. the length of the dike shall exceed 700 meters.
All the specialist working on each direction of pipeline construction will be trained on activities required in case of sudden flood, including immediate pull of machinery out to the iriver bank.
A special inspection will be carried out to all the machinery working in the riverbed on a daily basis in order to avoid contamination of the river with lubricants.
Water pumped out oftthe trench before preparing the trench and laying pipes. will go through a special filter and drainage betbre it is flushed into the river, in order to avoid the flush of a huge amount of water enriched with weighted pieces. which will adversely affect the river ichtiofauna. 5 Impact on vegetation Impact on vegetation As far as the pipeline corridor as well as the Aragvi river plateau, where a new pipeline Contractor route is planned to be laid, is not actually covered with vegetation, the impact on vege- tation is accordingiv rules out. l 6 Impact on vegetation Impact on vegetation After the works have been completed and the vehicles and other machinery removed Contractor from the camp territory, the re-cultivation of the land will take place, which implies the iplacement of remnoved earthi on the territory and planting grass. 7 Recovery of earth used Impact on soil After the works have been completed and the vehicles and other machinery removed Contractor after the completion of from the camp territory, the re-cultivation of the land will take place, which implies the works placement of removed earth on the territory and in case of need. fertilizing it and plant- ELCTONCFIEEERNC:NSPRN2-Sing grass.EP000GE COPae6of10
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9. Impact Mitigation Measures
Table 9-2 Mitigation Plan
8 Waste regulation Impact on soil Waste created during work process will be stored and kept in accordance with environ- Contractor mental requirements. Impact on surface waters consumption waste will be collected in boxes with hermetic covers placed on a spe- ially designated place on the camp territory, in order to protect it from insects and ani- nals;
industrial, metal waste can be collected in a separately designated territory;
- toxic waste, used vehicle accumulators, vehicle parts contaminated with lubricants, filters, etc, will be placed into a sealed reservoirs in order to avoid their wash-off from precipitation.
.. Af'ter the completion of works 9 Hydrotesting Water supply' and water Water from the river Aragvi shall be taken in accordance with the permit issued by the Contractor quality Ministry of Environmental Protection. The amount of wvater needed for hydrotesting against pressed 864.5 meter long pipeline shall be about 4040m 3: Monitoring by regional services of the Ministry ! r d2 of Enivironnment. . IThe Corporationi
Water from the river shall be taken from such a depth so that to preserve the level of water sanitary flow envisaged by et'fective normative.
After the completion of hydrotesting the used water shall be returned to Aragvi in accor- dance with the requirements in the permit on water flushing issued by the Ministry of IFi iroilnAeni Tfle criirc dr,.iJ .i pri. b,.dll IK n.,.,,;!t,rLJ i.ini!crrupieJll.
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I Jmpact in ichtyofauna, use IImpact in fishing econo- Consultations with the local population. including fisherman. Contractor in coordina- of 1,200 sq. m land plot for mies and temporary loss tion with Georgian Oil the campus. of the cattle pastures. Prior to commencement of the rehabilitation works. possibility of introducing the small and Gas Corporation. amendments in resettlement action plan shall be ensured. Based on the small areas of the used lands, special socio-economical rcscarch will not be needed.
Ensure compliance of the environmental management framework drawn up by the con- tractor with the plans and specializations approved by MCG.
2 Inflow of the workforce Construction and popula- Contractor is obliged to comply with the requirements on temporary accommodation. Contractor and increased demand for tion of the villages adja- puirchase of the local products and hiring local labor forces. 'rhe Contractor shall estab- the local infrastructure. cent to Meneso. lish relationships with v. Meneso population and, in case necessary. carry out socio- economical impact monitoring and introduce small amendments in the social plans.
3 Labor force and safety of Constructors and popula- The Contractor shall ensure safety of the population, for which purposes the Contractor Contractor the population. tion of the villages adja- i is obliged to timely procure all the safety equipment, periodically conduct meetings cent to Meneso. with the local population, implement the measures set out in safety plan, respectively . train the workers. He also shall develop the evacuation plan and introduce it to all the workers and specialists...... R...... N. . .-...... E R- - ......
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9. Impact Mitigation Measures
9.5 Resettlement Action Plan
As it was discussed elsewhere, the dry floodplain part of the River Aragvi is used for the construction to bypass body of the Landslide. These areas repre- sent Government owned territories and statutorily falls under the River Fund areas. As for the access roads, they virtually pass through the 30 m ROW and are also Government managed zones. There are no p-rivate landowners within the ROW.
It should be referred here, that the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Naniani landslide reroute and other five rehabilitation sites, including Meneso, was prepared as the standalone plan and its finding can be considered and read together with this assessment. The GOGC Document Control Center identifi- cation number for the RAP is the following:
NSGPOOI-RN02-ES-PLN-0001 1-GEO-AO1 (in Georgian language) NSGPOOI-RN02-ES-PLN-0001 1-GEO-AO1 (in English language)
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10.1 Introduction
During the project implementation, one of the most significant components is the assessment of man-made impact likelihood. Therefore, the company im- plementing works is accountable to design and implement measures to elimi- nate and/or mitigate them. Particular focus is laid on rehabilitation of 01200mm dia pipeline within Meneso landslide body according to prelimi- nary scheme and dismantling and disposing 0700mm dia inoperable pipe sec- tion. For this purpose, specific measures have to be developed to prevent negative impact on the environment and exclude spillage of accumulated gas condensates into Aragvi riverbed. Proper risk assessment and mitigations shall reduce the risk.
Basic components of the mitigation measures development is as follows:
n Hazards associated wit as condensate spillage in Aragvi river.
* Other vulnerable environmental receptors (topsoil, ground waters etc.).
Risk assessment and mitigation measures are described below in a manner to enable comparative analysis of the hazards and mitigation effectiveness:
Impact on:
Technical-technological process or specific work component (topsoil, ground water, esp. surface waters etc) on particular stage of life cycle:
Source of Impact:
Event, which may have negative impact on some specific area (ex. Gas con- densate spillage in r. Aragvi - impact on quality of water).
Location:
Site, equipment or some element of technological scheme which may be im- pact provoking.
Gas condensate spillage preventive measures during dismantling of 700mm dia pipeline are listed in table below.
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10. Emergency Assessment and Response
a) Condensate Spillage during 700 mm Pipe Dismantling
Gas condensate leak- - Preventive measures against gas condensate Spillage/leakage mitiga- age/spillage is possible spillage in soil and in the river Aragvi should tion and avoidance during any of 700 mm be defined in technical part of design docu- measure implementation pipe dismantling activi- mentation (working design) on all possible lowers the possibility of ties. In this case leak-- stages. All possible spillage areas should be leakage/spillage. age/spillage probability indicated. Construction -installation sections is high. of the project should indicate in details the types and volume of reservoirs that will be used for gas condensate collection on all sections and how these reservoirs will be filled in. Prior to filling reservoirs, valves and pipe connection points should be checked.
only those devices (pumps and related de- vices etc.) that are certified and listed in the technical project will be used for disman- tling.
-program and corresponding plan for work technical and prevention service of liquida- tion shall be developed and implemented.
construction area shall be equipped with waste/spillage" emergency kit. Personnel should be familiar with usage instructions of these kits.
Reservoirs should be located so that in case of leakage/spillage the possibility of getting the substance to the soil should be mini- mized.
Condition of mentioned devices should be checked and the results should be docu- mented in special registers.
...... -...... --...... -...... b) Transportation of Gas Condensate and Further Storage
The possibility of leak- - Gas condensate storage area should be de- Constant control on age/spillage during the fined in advance together with all conditions transportation. As a re- !gas condensate trans- of environmental safety and technical pa- sult leakage/spillage Iportation throughout rameters of the reservoir for final storage. possibility is low. the entire stage is quite high if there is the lack
I of control. , i
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Environmental monitoring is the essential part of the «Environmental Man- agement System>> fostering implementation of agreed measures and providing the information on their efficiency. When mitigation measures are not satisfac- tory they should be reviewed and new alternative action plan should be devel- oped. Thus, when monitoring reveals that the mitigation measures for negative environmental impact is not efficient or are not carried out correspondingly, then setting up of a meeting between representatives of the work executive organization and corporation environmental service to agree the following is- sues:
* steps necessary to be implemented in order to carry out general tasks of the project; steps necessary to be implemented in order to carry out general tasks of the project; * agreement on execution of mitigation measures and more adequate meas- ures, if necessary; * is the impact mitigated completely or not.
The activity envisaged by this project, with the purpose of monitoring and control, needs a controlling body, or supervision of the works being carried out by the corporation and the constructing organization, which should be pre- ceded by environmental monitoring, plan revision and approval.
Monitoring plan in this chapter is represented in the shape of a table in order to provide correspondence of the project importance and operation with the legislation and normative acts of Georgia, Millennium environmental norms, World Bank environmental policy and the best international practice. In the table below there are given potential impacts, suggested mitigation measures and monitoring activities, considering liabilities and time.
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Table 11-1Summary of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Actions
i " \ I[vi NMF NA AI, Impact on ag- Partial grading of the road from the bridge con- Inspection when constructing Corporation Corporation Central and re- iPermanently ricultural necting with the pipeline ROW to the section to when using unapproved territo gional services during the con- lands, water be rehabilitated (Meneso landslide) passing on ries or access ways immediate of the Ministry struction period. resources. the pipeline ROW. termination of their operation of Environmental final inspection grassy cover and their rehabilitation to their Protection and of rehabilitation of the camp Removal of the soil layer and its separate ware- initial state. Natural Re- works after work, territory housing in order to mitigate impact on the grassy sources completion cover and soil layer during arrangement of the construction camp tcrritory. Segregation of the fertile layer for final grading of the surface. Exe- cution of re-vegetation works.
The roads leading to the working territory and location of working sections to be preliminarily approved and marked.
Spraying water in dry weather to avoid excessive
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Table I1-ISumma of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Actions
C I, a I G -D I Disturbance of Execution of construction works in future in or- Permanent monitoring during I Contractor and GOGC/MCG | Ministry of Envi- Permanently the ichthyo- der to avoid impact on Aragvi river water in the the whole construction process. corporation ronmental Pro- during the con- fauna and im- period of spawning, which will be caused by Comparison the work done in tection and Natu- struction period. pact on the arrangement of a trench in the river and water the process of monitoring with ral Resources of final inspection water quality extraction and water discharge from the river for the project data. Georgia after work com- the pipeline hydro testing. pletion
Controlling of banks contours rehabilitation, re- duction of the road edges erosion by means of local inert material and the process of sedimenta- tion from the surface resources.
Non-admission of direct discharge of the water taken from the trench into the river flow.
Avoidance of spillage of oil products and other. pollutants; collecting of the condensate taken from the old pipeline and its safe storage.
Arrangement of bypass water storage channels when there is the need of temporary water diver- sion
Arrangement of a new pipe in the depth of 2 m I ELE C TR O NIC FIL...... from E R.EE..the level of bed .washing...... out...... P..1...... E...C
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Table 11-1Summary of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Actions
Disturbance of Implementation of the activity only in the limits Monitoring during the wlvole Contractor GOGC/MCG Ministry of Envi- Permanent moni- wild animals of the approved place land, as the forests in the construction process. ronmental Pro- toring at all vicinity of the pipeline ROW represent the place tection and Natu- stages of place of habitation of some wild animals and their dis- I ral Resources of lands arrange- turbance is prohibited. Immediate termination of op- | Georgia ment and access eration of unapproved tc rrito- roads rehabilita- Also, execution of works only in he limits of the ries in order to stop disturbance ! tion. Weakly area approved in the Aragvi river bed, as other- of the ichthyofauna. observation of wise impact on the river ichthyofauna will in- the construction ______crease. . -es.. -...... - ...... ---...... ----prcs... - iI______process. Possible ero- Grading of Aragvi river bed route and trench up Inspection of construction Contractor GOGC/MCG 1 Ministry of Envi- Daily monitor- sion and sedi- to stable state. Arrangement of sediment barriers works with the purpose of su- ronmental Pro- ing. inspection mentation and suspending construction in order to avoid pervision of implementation of I tection and Natu- . and supervision which can be erosion processes on the neighboring territories. the sedimients management best jral Resources of of the progress caused by con- Full completion of the banks rehabilitation works practice, especially during Georgia of irehabilitation struction activ- and execution of the works related to re- floods, in case of floods and j .vorks itv vegetation and other rehabilitation works of the after them. Permanent readiness. territories under impact for evacuation of the construc- Final evaluation tion transport and materials of compliance of from the river bed. Though the executed and floods are less expected in the projected works rivers of Georgia. after works com-
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Table 1I-1Summa of Miti ation Measures and Monitorin Actions . r. g
-I l l *wl l-I -- - -l - II IV it II - - l * l - l* - - I it I
Possible disin- Evaluation of the river banks and neighboring Visual inspection of instabilit) Contractor G(OGC/MC(G Ministry of Envi- Daily monitoring E .tegration of territories, together with the previous paragraph, of banks and trenches and com- ronmental Pro- prior to construe- the banks and concerning different washings and other features; pletion of the rehabilitation tection and Natu- tion commence- slopes stability rehabilitation and reinforcement of gaps in order woorks on the banks. iral Resources ot' ment and at the to provide permanent control of hydrological Georgia whole stage of erosion. the work pro- gress. After in- Necessity of the mentioned will be identified by a spection, if specialist I needed, execu- tion of additional works of banks ...... Temporary Execution of the works related to elimination of Permanent monitoring Contractor GOGC/MCG Local authority Comparison of damage of the development of uncontrolled erosion and drain- | ' the sites access construction age processes on the territory of the construction ways prior to camp territory. camp. commencement Possible im- of construction pact on the Equipping of the access way to the construction and after its roads passing site with warning traffic regulatory signs completion. through the pipeline ROW. Pollution in Implementation of inspection measures for Inspection during the whole Contractor GOGC/MCG Ministry of Envi- Permanent moni- the case of equipment and fueling, implementation of Leak- stage of construction and im- ronmental Pro- toring at the leakage age Prevention, Control and Elimination Meas- plementation of the require- tection and Natu- whole stage of ures Plan and giving effect to it in the case of ments of Leakage Prevention, ral Resources of construction leakage. Particularly, there is meant inspection of Control and Elimination Meas- Georgia leakage of the machines and equipment working ures Plan in the river bed and vicinity. The attention will be paid to hydrological pipes and status of pumps. Fueling of any equipment in the river bed and its j , . direct vicinityNs prohibited.
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Table 11-1Summa of Miti ation Measures and Monitorin Actions
P. -*--- l l llllI
Hydro testing Extraction of water necessary for hydro tests Implementation of wvater ex- Contractor GOGC/MCG Ministry of Envi- Permanent moni- from Aragvi river in accordance with the ob- traction and water discharge in and corporation ronmental Pro- toring at the tamed permit and meeting of the conditions of accordance with the permit tection and Natu- whole stage of water discharge permit. conditions. ral Resources of hydro testing Georgia When extracting water from the river the volume of the water shall comply with the norm defined by the normative concerning maintenance of the sanitary water level. When water discharging there will be used a special pool in order to regu- _lat t spe of water charging......
Accept ion of The contractor, prior to commencement of works, Regular monitoring in order to Contractor GOGC/MCG Local authority Prior to coin- work power shall prepare temporary dwelling conditions for confirm that the plan conditions I mencement of and increased workers, maximally provide the plan of hiring of are being carried out. I construction and demand local work force. The contractor, if necessary, then weakly at against local shall contact Meneso village community in order| the whole stage infrastructure to identify the impact of social or economical , of construction. character. If necessary, he can introduce changes [ Weakly meetings to his activity in order to take mitigation meas- with the local
------. commnunity. |uures.------res...... - ,,------,,,,-,,-,,--,,,,,, ...... -...------...... I.c m u i Health and Exploratory meetings, safety equipment aware- Permanent monitoring and pe- i Contractor GOGC/MCG Ministry of Envi-j Permanent moni- safety of the ness. implementation of Health and Safety Plans riodical training. I ronmental Pro- , toring of the local popula- and Procedures. Provision of security in order to tection and Natu- I construction tion and work- eliminate access of strangers to the sites. Devel- ral Resources oft implementation ers opment of evacuation plan and introduction of it Georgia to all workers in the case of possible (less ex- and health and pected) floods from Aragvi river bed. central and local ELECTRONIC REFERENCE:.NSGP001-Rbodies .. Page 80 106.
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During the creation of the given project for coordination and discussion of en- vironmental and social issues Environmental Management Methodology Sys- tem was used. During the constriction activity progress Environmental Man- agement System will be developed in two stages:
* construction contractor will create Environmental Management System that implies solving environmental and social aspects; this system will in- clude various environmental and social management plans in accordance with relevant issues. * comprehensive Environmental Management System was developed in the framework of the project to make sure that the construction contractor meets environmental and social requirements as envisaged in the project and in this report.
Major elements are: development and implementation of relevant ecological and social policy for the project; development and implementation of envi- ronmental and social management plans; progress monitoring and develop- ment of each element of Environmental Management System on the basis of regular discussion and constant improvement program. 12.1 Overviewof EMS
Effective use of the Environmental Management System is impossible without development and implementation of environmental and social management plans.
Environmental and social management plans are given in the table below in accordance with their goals and objectives, timeframes, and parties (contrac- tor) responsible for their development and implementation.
The operator company considers and approves the plans developed by the con- tractor. The contractor will be further responsible for implementation of the plans, while the operator will perform supervising and monitoring functions.
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Table 12-1List of Pro ect Environmental Mana ement Plans
I oaommunity secu- .12.2.1 .,The plan determines concrete measures that h nrt construction, the contractor should In compliance with the given project, the rtmaagement plan :contractor shall take to ensure safety of the gas develop a final plan and further coordinate .contractor is responsible for developing ,ipipeline at'fected commnunity in the proJect area |it witil tile project operator. .and implementing local community
2 i Liaison with the local i12.2.2 The plan determines concrete measures to be A plan is to be drafted (see the following The contractor is responsible for devel- , community taken by the contractor to establish positive rela- chapter) to serve as the basis for the final oping the final plan of liaison with the tionship with the local population plan to be developed by the contractor. local community by the beginning of the ...... !...... construction phase 3 Traffic management plan 12.2.3 The plan determines concrete measures that the The contractor should found its final plan The contractor is responsible for devel- contractor should take to enable appropriate and on the draft plan that was developed at this oping and implementing the traffic man- safe traffic management. stage of the project. agement plan at the construction phase. 4 Summary plan of com- 12.2.4 The plan determines concrete measures to be Prior to constrmction works, the contractor The contractor is responsible for devel- prehensive rehabilitation taken by the contractor to attain rehabilitation of is to develop a summary plan of compre- oping and imiplementing at the construc- of the project area, the given territory in terms of erosion control and hensive rehabilitation of the project area. tion phase the summarv plan of compre- 're, t id.,rj l-.f- .-I. , i,.,] h I.rnvJ liil I . -, Ih,:l,F,,,ipr.h -L Li 'I':J ...... -.-..... -...... - ...... 5 Landscape harmonization 12.2.5 The plan determines measures and activities to j Prior to the construction works envisaged The contractor shall develop and imple- management plan be carried out by the contractor in relation to a at this stage of the project, the building ment the final plan in collaboration with specific site to maintain the landscape balance contractor shall develop landscape har- landscape experts, while the project op- that existed prior to the construction works. monization management plan. Alterations erator is to control implementation of the can be made in process of construction. plan...... The plan shall agreed with operator, 6 Environmental pollution 122.2.6 and 12i2.7 The plan determines measures to be taken by the The constructing contractor and the sub- The contractor shall finalize prevention and waste contractor and the operator to minimize and if contractor develop waste management and implement waste management plan possible prevent environmental pollution risk. plan based on the draft plan taking into management plan, while the account all aspects of planned activates operator shall carry out plan implementation monitoring on , , | a regular basis, 7 'Gas distillate and oil spill 12.2.8 Prior to the beginning of the construction phase, The building contractor shall develop the I he building contractor is responsible for response plans the contractor shall develop gas distillate and oil final plan based on the draft plan that was finalizing and implementing gas distillate spill response plans with detailed description of developed at this stage of the project tak- and oil spill response plans in the con- response measures. The plans should provide an ing account of the real condition of the struction phase. The operator shall con- adequate management of unforeseen conse- object. duct a regular monitoring of implementa- -. -uences, such as fire, gas distillate or oil spill.- , , _ tion of works envisaged in the plan.
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12. Environmental Management System
12.1 Environmental and Social Management Plans
12.2.1 Local Community H&S Management Plan
Introduction
H&S management in the framework of this project is in full compliance with operating company's healthcare, safety and environmental protection policies. This plan concerns safety management aspects that have an impact on local communities and domestic animals. Local Community H&S Management Plan analyzed in this chapter was developed during environmental and social impact assessment process.
The constructing contractor shall develop and finalize Local Community H&S Management Plan and submit it to the operator for approval.
Objectives
The goals and objectives of Local Community H&S Management Plan are: n to ensure safety of the population while constructing of the new gas- pipeline section; n to increase local community's awareness of safety issues to enable them to participate in safety management; • to define other objectives for prevention of serious incidents that may harm health or safety of the local population.
Responsibilities
The contractor is responsible for achievement of the goals and objectives of the plan and for all incidents that may take place during the construction works.
Reporting
The contractor shall regularly report to the operator in accordance with the work plan in order to keep the operator informed on local population's attitude to the construction works. The contractor should immediately inform the op- erator on all incidents related to health and safety of local population.
Resources
The construction contractor in collaboration with operator's public relations officers should take all measures required to ensure health protection and safety of the local population in order to prevent undesirable incidents.
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12. Environmental Management System
12.2.2 Local Community Liaison Plans
The plan of liaison with the local community consists of two components:
* liaison management; * construction camp administration.
Introduction
The liaison with the local community and construction camp administration are important for effective management of social impact.
This plan makes an emphasis on administration of project personnel and their camps in terms of their relationship with the local population and other kinds of social impact.
Objectives
The Plan of Liaison with the Local Community determines activities, respon- sibilities and procedure that consist in:
* settling disputes between the local population and the constructing con- tractors; * fostering activities that can benefit the local community; * seeking new solutions to meet the needs of both sides in conflict situations.
The local community may raise a range of other problems in the course of the construction and the contractor should promptly bring them to the project op- erator's notice.
Responsibilities
Prior to approving the Plan of Liaison with the Local Community, the contrac- tor and the company operator should set up a joint public relations group to achieve the abovementioned goals and determine new objectives that will of- fer new incentives. It would be quite sufficient, based on the work content, if the joint group comprises two specialists.
The contractor is responsible for group's work that may also involve inform- ing the local community on construction process and systematically informing the operator on the present situation and other issues.
Reporting
The construction contractor should report to the project operator on a regular, preferably weekly, basis.
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12. Environmental Management System 12.2.3 Traffic Management Plan
Introduction
The traffic management plan targets at minimizing the impact that the process of replacement of the Meneso section of the North-South Caucasus Gas- Pipeline may have on the local population. It is important to avoid disturbing the communities residing along the access roads and damaging public property (farm lands, pastures. houses, etc). The measures that will be taken for this purpose will be of temporary character, but the construction works will also last for several months only. It should be noted, that access road does not pass on settlements and use by population is minimal.
Objectives
The following steps are necessary to facilitate traffic management:
* to inform the local community on all possible transport-related inconven- iences and procedure of settling disputes and complaints; * in case of need, it is admissible to introduce restrictions of size and num- ber of vehicles involved in the construction works as well as frequency and time of their movement in order to minimize environmental and social impact; * to control risk factors stemming from the use of transport means at con- struction works, set speed limits, train drivers, follow passenger safety norms and use relevant road signs; * to reduce environmental impact through controlling exhausts, providing high-quality technical service to vehicles involved in the project, and fol- lowing all relevant norm (including noise level and work hours); * to analyze effectiveness of Traffic Management Plan and, if necessary, in- troduce relevant corrections with the focus on.
Responsibilities
Prior to launching any operation at the construction site, the construction con- tractor should develop Traffic Management Plan providing for detailed de- scription of all transport related activities that the contractor and the operator will carry out in process of construction.
Monitoring and Evaluation
The contractor shall prepare weekly reports reflecting results of monitoring of implementation of Traffic Management Plan. The company operator should periodically check plan implementation by the contractor.
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Resources
The contractor is responsible for developing and implementing of Traffic Management Plan. In case of need, additional personnel may be employed in order to settle disputes with the local population.
12.2.4 Summary Plan of Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Project Area
Introduction
The Summary Plan of Comprehensive Rehabilitation of the Project Area in- volves the measures necessary to restore ecological and geological balance in *the project area disturbed in the course of construction. It is difficult prior to the beginning of construction works to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of all the areas affected by the project.
Hence, the contractor shall develop the summary plan to provide for special methods and procedure aimed at rehabilitation of the project areas.
Objectives
The summary plan should determine the planned operations, responsibilities and procedure implying: * topsoil protection; * subgrade settlement within the gas-pipeline corridor; n in case of need, restoration of floral and faunal habitats; * surplus soil removal and spreading; * prevention of impact caused by excavation on adjacent slopes in the moun- tain regions.
Responsibilities
The contractor should develop the Summary Plan of Comprehensive Rehabili- tation of the Project Area, including methodology and description of rehabili- tation works, and a plan of monitoring of performed operations approved by the company operator.
Operator's representative shall periodically check quality and efficiency of operations performed by the contractor.
Reporting
Prior to the launch of the operations, the contractor in collaboration with the operator shall prepare an account of the existing background data of the pro- ject area. The account should involve a description of rehabilitation activities required in every concrete area within the framework of the project. On com- pletion of the construction works, the contractor should prepare a report de-
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12. Environmental Management System
scribing the rehabilitation activities. Operator's authorized representative shall assess quality of rehabilitation works carried out by the contractor.
Resources
The contractor shall find and mobilize additional resources provided a compli- cated situation arises during rehabilitation of the project area.
12.2.5 Landscape Harmonization Plan
Introduction
In the event that the planned works may cause a serious damage to the existing landscape, the contractor in collaboration with experts should develop Land- scape Management Plan providing for methodology and procedure of mitigat- ing project impact on the landscape.
Objectives
Following are the goals and objectives of the Landscape Management Plan:
* to minimize the damage that may be caused to the existing landscape in the course of construction of the new 3.6 km gas-pipeline corridor by straightening and terracing the corridor, restoring the original contours and implementing the comprehensive rehabilitation plan; * to minimize gas-pipeline's impact on landscape through bypassing adja- cent slopes and zigzagging through forests in order to avoid felling; * to assess effectiveness of measures envisaged in the Landscape Harmoni- zation Plan through impact reduction monitoring.
Responsibilities
The contractor is responsible for implementation of the Landscape Harmoni- zation Plan. The operator company controls plan implementation efficiency and quality.
Reporting
The contractor prepares weekly reports on progress of implementation of land- scape management operations and the operator controls implementation of Landscape Harmonization Plan on completion of construction works.
Resources
The contractor is responsible for providing the main resources required for implementation of Landscape Harmonization Project. In case of need, the op- erator may offer the contractor assistance of its experts.
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12.2.6 Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan
Introduction
The contractor shall develop Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan provid- ing a detailed description of measures necessary to prevent or minimize at- mospheric air pollution with exhaust gases and other kinds of environmental impact during the gas-pipeline construction. The operator should consider and approve the Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan developed by the con- tractor.
Objectives
Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan targets at:
* defining possible pollutants; * providing concrete proposals on arranging earth fills to fence storage ar- eas; * developing special procedure for transportation, recycling, storage and utilization of pollutants; * compliance with environmental standards while operating filling stations; * description of oil spill response and prevention measures; * protection of water resources; * compliance with hydrotesting water discharge procedure; * reduction of traffic impact.
Waste disposal is the key aspect of the Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan. The success of the this project to a great extend depends on safe extrac- tion and disposal of gas distillate from the temporarily inoperable 0.865 m sec- tion of the gas-pipeline.
Alongside with gas distillate there are other potential polluters (such as diesel fuel and lubricate oils), that should be also treated in compliance with special procedures:
* fuel and lubricant storages must be equipped with spill preventing and minimizing devices (e.g. fenced reservoirs with exterior surface water drainage system isolated from the river network, etc.); * temporary tanks must have drip trays; * tanks must have gauges; * fuel and lubricant reservoirs must be located far from riverbanks or ground water occurrence zones; * fuel and lubricant storage areas must be fenced off to prevent penetration of unauthorized persons.
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12. Environmental Management System
Responsibilities
Prior to launching operations in the project area, the contractor shall develop Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan. The contractor will be responsible for plan implementation and effectiveness, while the operator will control the contractor's work.
Monitoring and Evaluation
The plan shall be developed before the beginning of construction works and it shall contain a detail description of pollution prevention measures.
The contractor shall provide the project operator with weekly reports on pollu- tion prevention activities, and the operator is entitled to check at any time how the contractor implements Environmental Pollution Prevention Plan.
Resources
In particularly complicated situations, especially those related to the local community, the contractor and the operator can attract additional resources.
12.2.7 Waste Management Plan
Introduction
Waste management plan shall be developed for work activities. Prior to works commencement, the construction company shall be required to develop waste management plan in view of the construction materials to be used for the works. Construction company nay choose to assign the waste disposal to some other party by signing an agreement with them. Hereby, waste disposal may prolong after construction works completion and end at some stage of com- missioning.
Objectives
The objectives of the waste management plan are narrated below:
n Transportation, processing and disposal instructions and regulations to be adopted during work activities shall be incorporated in one single docu- ment; * Develop detail methodology of waste management, transportation, proc- essing and disposal; * Sign an agreement with third party for waste transportation; n Develop recommendations in regards to waste management monitoring; • Develop handling measures to minimize waste. n Prohibit uncontrolled burning or burying of waste; n Develop monitoring and inspection procedures; • control implementation of the abovementioned issues.
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12. Environmental Management System
Responsibilities
Construction company is accountable to ensure proper procedures for waste disposal, namely:
* Make sure the waste disposing contractor is using the equipment which meets relevant standard requirements; * Train personnel involved in waste management, particularly the aspects related to waste minimization, proper handling and storage; * Monitor the implementation of the above said issues.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring of implementation of Waste Management Plan is conducted peri- odically before and after the beginning of construction works.
Resources
Waste management procedure involves filling in an accompanying note that contains detailed information on wastes and allows controlling their delivery to the disposal site. The personnel engaged in the project shall attend an in- formative training on waste management issues.
Waste management aspects including location indicators, possible impact, mitigation measures and monitoring frequency are also described elsewhere below.
12.2.8 Gas Condensate and Spill Response Plans
Introduction
By the beginning of construction works, the contractor shall develop hydro- carbon liquid (gas distillate, diesel fuel) spill response plans in order to mini- mize possible spill impact and emergency risk during gas-pipeline construc- tion.
The emergency response plans should involve crisis management measures, personnel training and accident response standards.
Objectives
The following response measures should be taken in case of gas distillate or oil spill during gas pipeline construction:
* assessment of object's ecological sensitivity; * pollution source isolation; * use of absorbents in order to remove the spill;
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12. Environmental Management System
* removal of polluted soil by use of accepted methods; * Additional tools are used in case of oil penetration into water; * oil containment structure (posts) should be arranged across the width of the river in a way to direct the spill towards one of the banks; * the polluter should be removed from the object in compliance with the ex- isting regulatory legislation.
Spill and emergency response plan shall define the accident reporting proce- dure. In case of spill or emergency, a report must be prepared promptly.
Responsibilities
Prior to beginning the construction works, the contractor shall develop oil spill and emergency response measures. The contractor is responsible for fulfill- ment and effectiveness of these measures.
According to surveys, the cut of the functioning gas-pipeline section between the villages of Naniani and Zotikiantkari is the most dangerous operation of this project in view of possible spill of gas distillate into the River Arkala. To avoid this, spill prevention measures must be developed and carried out before cutting the pipeline.
Reporting
The contractor shall give the project operator weekly reports on implementa- tion of spill and emergency response plan.
Resources
The contractor is responsible for development and implementation of Gas Dis- tillate and Oil Spill Response Plan. The contractor is also entitled to employ additional personnel in particularly complicated situations.
Operator's project manager or authorized representative shall consider and approve the plan and further control its implementation.
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Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation plans to carry out construction works on Meneso Landslide area approximately by Autumn 2006. Approximate timing of work completion is planned for middle of December.
The specific work schedule would be elaborate by the Contractor subject to review and agreement by GOGC. Environmental impact mitigation, monitor- ing and institutional measures described hereby would be respected in the Contractor's site specific EMPs and implemented in the process of construc- tion.
Institutional Measures
As admitted above, the objective of this document is to present the project de- fined requirements for Environmental Management Plan. In relation to this Corporation will elaborate and present respective requirements that are neces- sary for execution of construction activities up to modern international stan- dards in the bidding document.
Corporation is ultimately responsible for the implementation of Environmental Management Plans. GOGC together with MCG will approve project defined Environmental Management Plan and all related plans that shall be developed by Contractor prior to commencement of construction. They will carry our monitoring to ensure the implementation of the plans with quality and effec- tively.
Individual and General Responsibilities of Millennium Challenge Georgia
Millennium Challenge Georgia Energy Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project and Environmental and Social Impact Directors in coordination with Corpora- tion will ensure timely and effective implementation of Environmental Man- agement Plans by the Contractor for construction activities on Naniani area.
Individual and General Responsibilities of Contractor
Contractor is responsible to carry out qualified detailed inspection and use best practice in accordance with legislation requirements and to also comply with Environmental Management Plan for project activities.
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In order to disclose specific information on rehabilitation measures for Nani- ani and Meneso landslide sites, six public consultation meetings have been conducted with regard to rehabilitation plans and associated documentation pertinent to all emergency sites. The locations and dates of the meetings are shown in Table 8-1 below:
Table 12-1 Meeting Locations and Dates
Tbilisi 23-06-06 06-07-06 ...... 07-08-06 Dusheti 26-06-06 07-07-06 ...... 08-08-06
The aim of the meetings in Tbilisi on 23rd June and in Dusheti on 26th June 2006 was to provide the public with information about the three safeguards documents (the Environmental Review, the Environmental Man- agement Framework, and the Resettlement Policy Framework) and the oppor- tunity to comment on these documents.
The local population was informed about the meetings a week in advance via CENN (Caucasus Environmental Non-Governmental Organization Network) and newspapers such as Akhali Taoba ("New Generation") and 24 Saati ("24 Hours"). Two to three days before the meeting in Dusheti an announcement was made on local TV. Printed copies of the documents were made available at the Environment, Health, and Safety department at GOGC and the Dusheti Gamgeoba (i.e., the executive body at the district level). Electronic copies of the documents were made available at
In Tbilisi on 23'd June, the public asked questions about the implementation of the Safeguards documents, the timing of the tendering for the construction work, land acquisition/resettlement, and potential gas leaks. In Dusheti on 26th June, the questions related to whether the project would supply gas lo- cally, the repair of access roads, the use of the safeguards documents, and land acquisition/resettlement.
The aim of the meetings in Tbilisi on 6th July and in Dusheti on 7th July was to provide the public with the information on all six sites requiring urgent reha-
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bilitation, to hold consultations on the draft environmental impact assessments for the Meneso and Naniani sites, and to solicit feedback.
The same media channels were used to alert the public concerning these meet- ings as were used for the earlier meetings, with the exception that the newspa- per Kviris Palitra was used in place of 24 Saati.
In Tbilisi on 6th July the public asked questions about any exemption from en- vironmental assessment requirements, risk assessment, land acquisition, con- struction permits, post-project bio-restoration, and local employment impacts during construction. In Dusheti on July 7th the questions related to how many sites are located in the region, the distance of the pipeline from residences, land acquisition, which agencies will monitor the project, project timing, pos- sible gas interruptions, the repair of access roads, and the relationship of the project to MCG's Regional Development Fund.
The aim of the meetings in Tbilisi on 7th August and in Dusheti on 8th August was to repeatedly provide the public with the information on all six sites re- quiring urgent rehabilitation, to hold consultations on the updated environ- mental impact assessments for the Meneso and Naniani sites, incorporating comments received in writing during the statutory 45 day period, and to solicit final feedback prior to submission of ElAs for permit application.
Similar channels were used to alert the public concerning these meetings, with notices distributed through CENN network and published in newspapers Ak- hali Taoba and 24 Saati.
In Tbilisi on August 7 th the public representatives commented that Gldanula site might be subject of Mtskheta district administration rather then Gldani district of Tbilisi and this could be important for land management issues. It was also advised to develop non-technical brochures on rehabilitation sites. In Dusheti on August 81h participants asked to update/correct in EIAs basic cen- sus data on village population. Other questions were related to the costs of mitigation measures and who would cover them, requested and received cop- ies of generic EMPs, inquired on feasibility of a new low pressure network connection for affected communities, requested additional copies of updated ElAs.
Minutes of the Meetings for public consultations are issued as standalone GOGC reports with the following document control center reference numbers:
NSGP0O I -REOO-ES-MOM-0000 1 -ENG-AO 1 (Tbilisi/Dusheti 23/26 June 2006) NSGP0OI-REOO-ES-MOM-00001-GEO-AO1 (minutes in Georgian language) NSGPO0 1 -REOO-ES-MOM-00002-ENG-AO 1 (Tbilisi/Dusheti 06/07 July 2006) NSGPOO1-REOO-ES-MOM-00002-GEO-AO1 (minutes in Georgian language) NSGPOOI-REOO-ES-MOM-00003-ENG-AO1 (Tbilisi/Dusheti 07/08 August 2006) NSGPOO1-RE0O-ES-MOM-00003-GEO-AO1 (minutes in Georgian language)
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 94 of 106 I vv Findings and Recommendations
The following summaries and recommendations were developed for the rein- statement of 1200mm dia north-south gas pipeline according to primary scheme.
1. The chosen route is appropriate, so environmental aspects associated with geotechnical solutions shall be minimized, that is impact on r. Aragvi and its icthyoofauna.
2. In case works are implemented in view of requirements set out by standards, norms and sanitary regulations, water quality deterioration is not anticipated. This issue is significant as r. Aragvi water downstream Zhinvali water reser- voir represents one of main water supply arteries of Tbilisi.
3. During the works, impact on atmosphere is expected, however the impact shall be short term; besides, the site is located far from settlements, so no social impacts are expected.
4. Among harmful physical factors, noise spread is mention worthy. Neverthe- less, noise spread levels shall not be significant and carry temporary character.
5. Work activities shall not influence flora and fauna considerably, as plants on the selected route are spread at several places and in case they are affected, they shall be re-planted in other places.
6. The works shall have no impact on population as the site is located far from settlements and besides, they shall be recruited during the works and their so- cial conditions improve.
Recommendations:
1. It is highly recommended to undertake regular checks of construction ma- chinery and transportation facilities, to minimize and control noise and harmful gas emission.
2. In addition, conduct HSE and safe work performance trainings for all per- sonnel involved in the works.
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 95 of 106 1 w References
1. Law of Georgia on Environmental protection, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection, Association "Fair Society", 2000; 2. Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permits; 3. Law of Georgia on Environmental Permits, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection sphere, Association "Fair Soci- ety", 2000; 4. Law of Georgia on State Ecological Expertise, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection sphere, Association "Fair Soci- ety", 2000. 5. Law of Georgia on Atmospheric Air Protection, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection sphere, Association "Fair Soci- ety", 2000. 6. Law of Georgia on Water, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection sphere, Association "Fair Society", Tbilisi 2000. 7. Rules for protecting ground waters of Georgia from contamination, 1996. 8. Construction norms and rules, city building, city and village planning. SNiP 2.07.01.89. Tbilisi, 1991; 9. M. Kordzakhia, Climate of Georgia, 1951; 10. Kvachakidze, Geobotanic division of Georgia, Tbilisi, 1996; 11. Climate and Climate resources of Georgia, works of HIGMI, Hydro Mete- orological publishing house, Leningrad 1971; 12. Sanitary norms for designing industrial structures (SN 245-71) Moscow 1971. 13. Local-resource cost estimate # 1.1 (Sections B and E of North-South Main gas pipeline, gas pipeline replacement by v. Meneso). 14. Software "Mining works", version 1.1.0.4 of 12.03.2003; 15. Provision on instrumental method for determining emission from equip- ment into atmosphere #80, 04.08. 2003; 16. Disciplinary norms 3.04-97. Standards on technological loss during natural gas transportation through main gas pipelines - Ministry of Energy.
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 96 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment
16. References
17. Climate reference book (publication #14, wind, air and topsoil temperature, air humidity, atmospheric precipitations, snow cover, fog and atmospheric events, Hydro Meteorological publishing house, Leningrad, 1990). 18. Guide on settling standards of sanitary-protected zones for transport and gas storage (1987). 19. Guide on regulation of atmosphere polluting waste from transportation fa- cilities and gas storage, 1985. 20. Unified program for calculating atmospheric contamination "Ecology"; 20. Provision on maximum allowed concentrates contaminating atmosphere in populated areas - 2003; 21. Provision on maximum allowed concentrates contaminating atmosphere in working areas; 2004; 22. Rule on maximum allowed emissions of harmful substances throughout the year -2000; 23. Provision on identification and inventory-taking of polluting sources/equipment - 2001; 24. Law of Georgia on Atmosphere Protection, Standard acts of Parliament of Georgia regarding environmental protection, Association "Fair Society"; 25. Calculating maximum allowed emission of harmful substances into atmos- phere, Ministry of Environment, Tbilisi, 1999. 26. Noise at working places, accommodations, public warehouses and dwelling areas, 2001.
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 97 of 106 A Analysis of Surface and Ground Water
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 98 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment A. Analysis of Surface and Ground Water
I ,11Li . .1 , '1 71~ 11 II'i
Site Mleneio Laids4ide
' *ImiiiiLiiPlace:- Mclneso gulley water
iiilini Date: - 9.11.05 LUhoiatej F.pi - 66
c wentaLme Hardnes~
113.4 0-s - .54 Total 92' 3,3 HC 0'Y IS°. 3113 S631 C ______C arbonate S.7 3.1 PH7.6 Tota1 SQI0 3. _ 1___ I:Iluri.il Co' tent tn Littr L_t_ _ T_z. ,,p rnc -:, Trlaapilreat
' -s 1 ;~' I -- fI ___ldeltI 4 9 0.4 ll' o01,21 e 0
Total ~~~~~~~~~Tot369". 1:- 00,0 ~ Olni9. a ~epoiut: .... -Nott3.,ted~tt Total anineraization. 1 dimzs -- No
rto Rtsidne105eC In 'L
m. L _' Formula of Salt Compotition NO, L-,) (
C-- - " , 1.-1 , .;r, r ro LAg - -- S1 CO>i~rg,essve- 30.0
Fe-+Fe-' I.i L
Conelusion: Weak carbonate gas is charactetrrtic for water. attach on W4 grade conci-ete of normal con ductiNitv
Na--K' Calculated bv Difference Total itneralization = (A-K)-;'z HCOj m,,;L
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Ground waltel Ano Ivzil
Site _I_tne'o 1 tl'lInli
'.II LP )II- PlaCte* IndinaX I't, \II
S;inpling Date; 30.11,04 Laboratotar Ref. 67
too.- ____ .A1..LL..... -.!' Dele^ In:''1
-Tot - 3.4 so". HCO 3-0 5?3 (ir,bonittt 9.00 3.2
T - - -- PH .-
I-t |_D -.2 I TI; li3:' ra:putprw
44.1 2.70 T iu,-Q4- o1~ (i%..; .i iti . <:Prr ,ciY MOlr.. 85< 0°670 18.11 Odor ilO ptUita 0.1
Total 732 100.0 Ti| iuu.S6 pt: Not tvted
Toral iijlrl flur, I rl...n -1 (Itr1et{
Cb,,.1e al stzan"nhou Di"- Rtsiduel0(l5C 02060 L
N;O,. 'm;? L- 10
Formula1 of S. lt Co mpositiottn n. -3t
M.. C 0AggreI5ive2 0.0 Fe-+F+e-' In- L
C onluleiowl: No aintck on any type of Conetete
Na--K' CalculartedbvDifference Toral inineialization = lA-E)- HCO m- L
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGP0O1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 100 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment A. Analysis of Surface and Ground Water
Ground Water Analysis
Sire___ Nle1kCso I . l.1 d.1
'.1I2JI,!I Place: Sou2ce "1. RijI,r -i:~*.i' the land&lide
xE.l1T'iuziU 3.lt01205 Labojatorv Ref: -68
S. ___3 _ _ _ 6 _ 7 Total 1: 4h-.A H 4... Corbotiate 12.3 4.4 - - . PH .4 'I|. ______1** P.,Iluri.: I 1T .J I 1,'1 L1
------'' 4 I-i
C .3 ** * Or 2 Ipri--
Total 95.9 4.9; 100.0 Tau iuit ,pS:Notta- t*d Torolmin,ill 2 1:,,.l nittqi;4 _ amni-Srsado Vlm#z ing;L 1,.- V?~1.
Di-v Fr AIllril14C 0.280 T NH, issrL_0.1 Nt) .n 1- 3.10 Formula of Silt Composition No , L- 0,0 4 *)~~1, ,.lr:1 1- pr Oliird 'C ! L
... L_n
Conclusion:: No atactk on an' h-pe of C'onf rtre
Na;-K' Calculated b Diffetiece Total unilization(A-K)-¼ H' 0.' - L
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-C01 Page 101 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment
A. Analysis of Surface and Ground Water
Ground wia ter Anavzis
Sire -_Meneso landslide Sampling Place: Source *2. Landlidte Slope
Sampling Date: __.1205 Laboiatorv Ref: - 69
Anion: Content in Lirer Hardness i T . me eq Inge.q o-Si Die2rees .. mg. eq. 6.6 3.19 6.-S CI f. 3.32 13.DA2 Total- 154. - 5.5
HC O '.* 2 S L90 * Carbonate 14.60 5 PH 7.5 Tori] 339.0 5.^1 100 Pollution ki-o- Content in Liter nebt It° 113. tQ. ing.eq.: *-Si gain.mWiralteba - Linlivin E3k 450.21 3.63 Na- 0, 2 4.00 -O.0 Color tolorle:: Ca' 1, 19 26.2' Odor in poinr:j)_ 0.' Ti-re in point:)__ Not tn;ted
Total 103.2 5-71 100.0 - _o
Total mineralization. 2S4 Sedimenet- - Sb fls- rn bottom ng:lC be: at Stagniton Drv ResiduelOS 0 C 0.260 g-L .H, Ltit L_ 0.3 N 0.m:g L_ O.t
Formula of Salt Composition NO.- wegL- 10
HCC5:i Oiditiond. Surceptibibt 02 mg L-0.3 ;"?" CA 1ta " ' CO, Aggr e ssive__ 0, Fe''+Fe... mng.-
C onelusion: No attack on an- tnpe of Concrete
Na'-K' CalculatedbhDifference t Total inineratizaiion=iAL+K)-' i HCO,' iie L
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 102 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment A. Analysis of Surface and Ground Water
Site __e_eso Landifide ilt' 1 Place:_ Source 13
'.sIni.Iilii; Date: -1..0 LaWbojatot' R¢i -0
C.,zoattif in Lititr Haidnes; i-r.. 1 . !I 'i- - "-
£4 103 021 4.PP Tot.l 106.6 3.S
HCO _____53 _3_ (Carbo_ n2,oaiTte 10.60 3,
T24P.0 421 110 Pollution
N-K 64,1 ..l0 31-_01 3- 0.60 14.25 O t pn. 0.3
Too] 4.1).S1 1000 T* in poitar,_N trtred Toad1 imi-i lizi rL*'! *__214 NO
Div Residud0sC 020t Mtio E . YH. r,r.L__ 0.9 , L - 1 0 Fo'rmnul; of Sit Compo3sition : O L- 0.0
______0xiThtio Su~.~*dbibtv 02 mg L 0.8 . . -~Ir hr
F'e'^In; L-
Concluwion:: N:iiJ.ii .|a Ip~ *:fC,,i
pa-K' Cacuttl3td bsDifrI riurr
Totall ii A.im 7Ii. II=' A"K}-/4 HCOjI in L
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOO1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 103 of 106 B Meneso Landslide Project Site Pipeline Design Plan and Profile
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGP0O1-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-CO1 Page 104 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation: Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment
B. Pipeline Plan and Profile
Figure B-I Meneso Landslide Site Pipeline Plan
ELECTRONIC FILE REFERENCE: NSGPOOI-RN02-ES-REP-00001-GEO-COI Page 105 of 106 Project Management Consultant's Emergency Services for the North-South Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation. Meneso Landslide Environmental Impact Assessment B. Pipeline Plan and Profile
Figure B-2 Meneso Landslide Site Pipeline Profile ; """"'~'
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