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Tongue River Hydrology Report Draft Outline

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Tongue River Hydrology Report Draft Outline 2011 Tongue River Hydrologic Summary Report Tongue River Information Program Prepared for: Montana Board of Oil & Gas Conservation Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation Prepared by: 1500 Poly Dr. Ste. 103 Billings, MT 59102 (406) 655-9555 September 2011 Page i Table of Contents Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iv Foreword ........................................................................................................................vii The Tongue River Information Program (TRIP) ............................................................... 1 Tongue River Hydrology and Water Quality Trends ........................................................ 2 1.0 Trends in Tongue River Flow and Water Quality.............................................. 3 1.1 The Tongue River Watershed ............................................................................. 3 1.2 Relation of Streamflow to Precipitation ................................................................ 3 1.3 Long Term Flow Trends, Upper & Lower Basin ................................................... 5 1.4 Relation of Flow to Quality................................................................................. 10 1.5 Seasonal Trends in SC and SAR ...................................................................... 16 1.6 Down-River Trends in SC and SAR ................................................................... 18 2.0 Trends in Water Use, Montana and Wyoming ............................................... 27 2.1 Population ......................................................................................................... 27 2.2 Principal Water Uses ......................................................................................... 27 2.3 Water Rights Information ................................................................................... 30 2.4 Water Well and Spring Information .................................................................... 31 3.0 Oil and Gas Wells in the Tongue River Basin ................................................ 34 4.0 Discharges to the Tongue River .................................................................... 42 4.1 Point Sources .................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Non-Point Sources ............................................................................................ 49 4.3 Summary of Discharges .................................................................................... 52 5.0 References Cited ........................................................................................... 53 Page ii Figures Section Page Figure 1 Tongue River Basin Location Map .................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Precipitation at the Sheridan Field Weather Station and Average Annual Discharge of Tongue River at State Line Gauging Station ....................... 5 Figure 3 Annual Discharge of the Tongue River at Miles City, MT through Water Year 2010......................................................................................................... 6 Figure 4 Annual Discharge of the Tongue River at the State Line through Water Year 2010......................................................................................................... 6 8 Figure 5 Statistics of Annual Discharge for Tongue River stations at Dayton, Monarch, State Line, TR-Dam, Birney, and Miles City, Montana. ............................ 8 Figure 6 SC versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Monarch, WY ......................... 12 Figure 7 SC versus Discharge for the Tongue River at the State Line ......................... 12 Figure 8 SC versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Tongue River Dam ................. 13 Figure 9 SC versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Miles City, MT ........................ 13 Figure 10 SAR versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Monarch, WY ..................... 14 14 Figure 11 SAR versus Discharge for the Tongue River at the State Line .................... 14 Figure 12 SAR versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Tongue River Dam............. 15 Figure 13 SAR versus Discharge for the Tongue River at Miles City, MT .................... 15 17 Figure 14 Daily SC at Five Tongue River Stations, Water Year 2010 .......................... 17 Figure 15 Daily SAR at Five Tongue River Stations, Water Year 2010 ....................... 17 19 Figure 16 Statistical Trends in SC for Tongue River stations at Dayton, Monarch, State Line, TR-Dam, Birney Day, T&Y, and Miles City. ................................... 19 Figure 17 Statistical Trends in SAR for Tongue River stations at Monarch, State Line, TR-Dam, Birney Day and Miles City. ...................................................... 22 Figure 18 Statistical Trends in SC for Tongue River Tributaries Stations at Prairie Dog Creek, Hanging Woman Creek, Otter Creek and Pumpkin Creek .......... 23 24 Figure 19 Statistical Trends in SAR for Tongue River Tributary Stations at Prairie Dog Creek, Hanging Woman Creek, Otter Creek and Pumpkin Creek. ......... 24 28 Figure 20 Water Use in Montana portion of the Tongue River Basin ........................... 28 Figure 21 Water Use in Sheridan County, Wyoming ................................................... 29 Figure 22 Irrigated Lands in the Tongue River Basin ................................................... 35 Figure 23 Water Well Distribution in the Tongue River Basin and Surrounding Areas, 2010....................................................................................................... 36 Figure 24 Oil and Gas Well Distribution in the Tongue River Basin and Surrounding Areas, 2010 ........................................................................................... 37 Figure 25 Numbers of CBNG Well Permits and Well Completions in Montana ............ 38 Figure 26 Number of CBNG Wells and Average Rate of Water Production Per Well in the Tongue River Basin of Montana ....................................................... 38 40 Figure 27 Numbers of CBNG Well Permits Issued and Well Completions in Wyoming 40 Figure 28 Number of CBNG Wells and Average Rate of Water Production Per Well in the Tongue River Basin of Wyoming ...................................................... 40 Page iii Figure 29 Combined History of CBNG Production Wells in the Tongue River Basin ... 41 Figure 30 Permitted Discharge Outfalls and Irrigation Surface Return Flows to the Tongue River Basin ............................................................................... 43 Figure 31 2010 CBNG Direct Discharges to the Tongue River in Montana and Wyoming as a Percent of Flow in the Tongue River below Tongue River Dam ....................................................................................................... 48 Tables Section Page Table 1 Low Annual Average Flows for the Tongue River in Ascending Rank Order..... 7 Table 2 Trends in Down River Average Annual Discharge of the Tongue River Water Years 1961-2010 ..................................................................................... 9 Table 3 Montana’s Numeric Salinity (SC*) and SAR Standards for the Tongue River, Tongue River Tributaries and Tongue River Reservoir .......................... 16 Table 4 Population Distribution within the Tongue River Basin .................................... 27 Table 5 Private Water Wells of Record in the Tongue River Basin, 2009 .................... 32 Table 6 Number of CBNG Wells and Water Produced from Montana Portion of the Tongue River Basin ............................................................................... 39 Table 7 Number of Wells and Water Produced from Wyoming Portion of the Tongue River Basin ............................................................................................ 41 Table 8 Summary of MPDES Direct Discharge Permits to the Tongue River in Montana .............................................................................................................. 44 Table 9 Summary of WYPDES Direct Discharge Permits to the Tongue River in Wyoming ................................................................................................ 45 Page iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tongue River Hydrology Report Tongue River Information Program September 2011 The Tongue River valley of Wyoming and Montana has over 71,000 acres of irrigated land that has supported cattle ranching and farming operations for more than 120 years. The Tongue River runs through the coal-rich Powder River geologic basin, which has experienced growth in coal bed natural gas (CBNG) development since 1999, along with surface coal mining since the early 1970’s. The Tongue River Information Program (TRIP) has been funded by the Montana Board of Oil and Gas Conservation (MBOGC) since 2006 in response to concerns by irrigators, environmental regulators, and policy makers that the discharge of produced water from CBNG production in the upper Tongue River basin may be affecting the water quality of the river and, in turn, the soil properties and crop production. TRIP includes an agronomic and soils monitoring program called the Agronomic Monitoring and Protection Program (AMPP) and a hydrologic component, which is summarized in this Tongue River Hydrology Report. All TRIP reports may be accessed on-line at: http://bogc.dnrc.mt.gov/CoalBedMeth.asp. Approximately 2,744 CBNG wells were active
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