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03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8L VETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 1/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 1 RICARDO BRUNO FLOR SUPER-HERÓIS, SELVAS E DEMOCRACIAS: AMÉRICA LATINA NOS COMIC BOOKS A TÉ 1945 Tese apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de Doutor em História pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Escola de Humanidades da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira PORTO ALEGRE 2019 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 2/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 2 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 3/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 3 RICARDO BRUNO FLOR SUPER-HERÓIS, SELVAS E DEMOCRACIAS: AMÉRICA LATINA NOS COMIC BOOKS A TÉ 1945 Tese apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de Doutor em História pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Escola de Humanidades da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Aprovada em:_____de__________________________de_____________. BANCA EXAMINADORA: ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira – PUCRS (orientador) ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Vagner Camilo Alves – UFF _______________________________________________________ Porf. Dr. Roberto Tietzmann – PPGCOM PUCRS _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Luciano Aronne de Abreu – PUCRS _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Luís Carlos dos Passos Martins – PUCRS Porto alegre 2019 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 4/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 4 Dedico esta Tese a Shana Natasha Oliveira Sikora. Te amarei para sempre. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 5/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A Helder V. Gordim da Silveira, meu orientador em todas as principais etapas da minha carreira até agora. Um acadêmico aparentemente incapaz de ser intimidado por qualquer objeto de pesquisa, abordagem teórica ou texto, independentemente da complexidade, da profundidade ou dos erros de português. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, pelas experiências e oportunidades. Aos seus funcionários, sempre dispostos a ajudar e a responder dúvidas, em especial a Carla Helena Pereira e Henriet Ilges Shinohara. Aos meus professores e colegas pela ajuda e pela inspiração. Foi uma honra imensa. Aos membros da banca, pelos elogios e principalmente pelas correções e contribuições. A Shana Natasha Oliveira Sikora, o amor da minha vida, que esteve ao meu lado durante a maior parte da minha vida acadêmica. A ela devo mais do que aqui cabe expressar, mas no que diz respeito a presente Tese, há duas contribuições principais que eu não posso ignorar. Em primeiro lugar, sua amizade, que foi muito além do apoio constante: a promessa de conversas à mesa e antes de dormir foram uma motivação muito mais eficaz para meus estudos do que quaisquer promessas de titulação ou mérito poderiam aspirar a ser. Essas conversas me levaram a mais elucubrações e conclusões do que todas minhas leituras, aulas e pesquisas. Em segundo lugar, a forma como nosso relacionamento (cuja intensidade ainda me vejo munido de vocabulário insuficiente para descrever) colocou em perspectiva minha pesquisa, dando uma dimensão visceral a noções sobre a humanidade que seriam apenas abstrações vazias de outra forma. Imaginar a presente Tese sem os efeitos de seu amor é um esforço para o qual me faltam capacidade e interesse. A minha irmã, Daniela Bruno Flor. As demandas da presente Tese deram uma nova dimensão ao carinho que já tinha por ela. Sua ajuda foi inestimável. Sua amizade me é cada vez mais preciosa. Ela tem minha mais sincera admiração. Aos meus pais, Moema Dias Bruno e Telmo Ricardo Borges Flor, pelo apoio constante, pelo zelo e pelo exemplo que sempre foram. Dentre meus diversos privilégios por eles providos, nenhum supera crescer em uma casa com pessoas éticas, afetivas e intelectuais. Meu interesse em História é uma extensão do apreço que me foi inculcado muito cedo pelo conhecimento. Para além disso, minha pesquisa foi moldada pela aversão ao desonesto e pelo apreço ao original – ambas https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 6/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 6 tendências que devo à minha criação. Por fim, me ensinaram a dissociar o conhecimento da formalidade. Serei sempre grato. A Norma Dias Bruno, a Dedi, que sempre foi como uma segunda mãe. Os méritos que atribuí aos meus pais valem em igual medida para ela. A Ângela Figueiredo, pela ajuda em lidar com os momentos mais difíceis e em desfrutar dos mais alegres. Sem ela eu não teria conseguido. A Marcelo Soares. Como consta em outros trabalhos meus, meu interesse em comic books seria inexistente sem que ele me enviasse os primeiros exemplares que li. É um irmão para mim. A meus avós, tios, tias, primos e sobrinhos: a quantidade de pessoas cujo carinho contribuiu para minha produção nos últimos anos superam o espaço aqui disponível. Há uma constante que posso atribuir às minhas relações com todos eles: afeto. Um afeto extenso e intenso que coloca em perspectiva tudo aquilo que estudei. Muito obrigado. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 7/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 7 Mas se o tipo de pessoa que devota seu fim de semana a gerar uma onda de indignação artificial a partir de Tweets antigos com a intenção de fazer alguém ser demitido de um filme como A.) um presente gratuito para uma Administração Presidencial alegremente fascista que ele(a) admira por ser alegremente fascista (não se engane: Qualquer um ainda entusiasmadamente no “Trem do Trump” é em algum nível o tipo de pessoa que gosta da ideia de bebês mexicanos em jaulas do ICE, mulheres sendo forçadas a dar à luz contra sua vontade via uma revogação de Roe Vs. Wade, gays perdendo o direito de se casar, etc.) ou B.) a sensação eletrizante mesquinha e sádica de “mostrar para os libs” é empoderado e encorajado a continuar fazendo isso e de fato escalar essas ações? Isso é algo muito sério. Traduzido livremente de: But whether or not the kind of person who’ll devote their weekend to generating an artificial outrage-wave out of ancient Tweets in order to get someone fired from a movie as A.) a free gift to a gleefully-fascistic Presidential Administration they admire for that gleeful fascism (make no mistake: Anyone who’s still enthusiastically on “The Trump Train” is on some level the kind of person who enjoys the idea of Mexican babies in ICE cages, women being forced to give birth against their will via a repeal of Roe V Wade, gays losing marriage rights, etc) or B.) the petty sadistic thrill of “owning the libs” is made to feel empowered and encouraged to keep doing so and in fact escalate these actions? That’s a very big 1 deal. 1 CHIPMAN, Bob. On James Gunn, Fake Outrage and Letting The Bad Guys Win. M oviebob Central . 23 de julho de 2018. Disponível em h ttps://moviebobcentral.com/2018/07/23/on-james-gunn/ . Acesso em 20 de setembro de 2018. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 8/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 8 Resumo A presente Tese se propõem a responder Como os comic books publicados nos EUA até o fim da Segunda Guerra mostravam a América Latina? Para tanto, analisamos 17 comic books publicados entre 1937 e 1945 (que se tornaram nosso objeto de estudo), além de outros publicados no mesmo contexto. Com o intuito de entender as publicações, também dedicamos atenção para a formação do comic book enquanto suporte material e das ferramentas narrativas das histórias em quadrinhos. Um capítulo também foi dedicado a estudar os quadrinistas e o público (tanto para entender algumas de suas pertenças sociais quanto os processos de autoria e circulação dos comic books ), bem como algumas agências governamentais e semi-governamentais especialmente influentes sobre os comic books e sobre as relações entre os EUA e a América Latina. O esforço de guerra foi especialmente influente no conteúdo dos quadrinhos que compõem nosso objeto. Palavras chaves : Histórias em Quadrinhos. Comic books. EUA. América Latina. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gO8LVETUCOPSnTareS2j4xe7wIPKwmdpU3Do8Hxkx2o/edit 9/254 03/05/2019 TESE RICARDO BRUNO FLOR DOUTORADO PPGH PUCRS - Documentos Google 9 Abstract The present Thesis aims to answer How did the comic books published in the USA before the end of World War II showed Latin America? With that in mind, we analyze 17 comic books published between 1937 and 1945 (that became our subject) and also other publications of the same context. With the intent of better understanding our subject, we also dedicated attention to the formation of the comic book as material support and their narrative tools. A chapter was also dedicated to the study of the comic book makers, the public (both to understand their social identities
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