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PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA SHERIFFS ASSOCIATION FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT Useful Weapon SANFORD —Those cameras that take pictures of customers who cash checks in chain food stores are a useful weapon against forgers. They gave Deputy Sheriff Lou Hud- dleston the important break he needed to solve a baffling string of check for- geries that spread over five Florida Counties. Huddleston was looking for a man who had stolen company checks from Dixie Gas Co., in Goldenrod, and had been forging and cashing them in a number of Florida cities. But his search was unfruitful until he received some chain store photographs of the forger. He eventually found a man who could identify the photographs and the trail led from Sanford to Winter Park and then to Orlando where Richard Curtis Apgar, alias Thomas Albert Lewis was placed under arrest. He was charged with breaking and entering and forgery in Seminole Coun- ty; and with forgery in Lake, Polk, Osceola and Orange Counties. He also faces forgery charges in Ohio and New Jersey. MACCLENNY —GIFT FOR SLAIN DEPUTY"S CHILDREN —A gift of appreciation from the citizens of Waycross and Ware County, Ga, was presented to the children of slain Baker County 'Deputy Sheriff Morris Fish. The Deputy was fatally shot on January The Smart Ones 11 while trying to arrest 'Calvin Campbell for a bank robbery in Kingsland, Ga. Campbell was subsequently convicted of first degree murder. Cpl. D. M. Griffin, of Smart motorists slow down when the Georgia State Patrol, presents a check for $482 to G. D. 'Fish, Sr., father of the passing children at play. Do youP No Steven Mark, and Kimberly Ann, 7. On hand Deputy, to be used for Terry Jo, 10; 9; matter whose fault it is, you' ll never for the presentation were Florida Sheriffs Bureau Executive Director Ed Yarbrough (standing left) and Baker County Sheriff C. H. Rochester. (Florida Times-Union photo. ) forgive yourself if you hit a child.

Right Answer DADE CITY —Where's the best place to go to catch a cattle rustlerP Sheriff Leland Thompson answered this question by going to a cattle auc- tion in Lakeland where he caught William Backlinie in the act of selling JUST LIKE DAD two cows and two calves that had been KEY WEST —Burt Con- stolen in Pasco County the night before. rady, of 1201 Flagler Ave. , is not wasting any Later the Sheriff recovered four more time following in his cows stolen by Backlinie, who pleaded Dad's footsteps. The 7- guilty to two charges of cattle theft. yearold youngster is shown here being sworn in as a Junior Deputy School for B-Men Sheriff by Monroe County Sheriff Reace A. Thomp- TALLAHASSEE —Thirty-six State son. His Dad, Richard Beverage Department Agents complet- Conrady, is a full-time ed a two-week course in Basic Law deputy sheriff and a criminal investigator on Enforcement at Florida Law Enforce- Sheriff Thompson's staff. ment Academy. Hundreds of youngsters Instructors included Florida Sheriffs in Burt's generation will learn good citizenship Bureau Agents; FBI Agents; a county and respect for the law solicitor; personnel from the Attorney as members of the General's Office, Florida Highway Pa- Monroe County Junior trol, State Beverage Department, mu- Deputy Sheriff League, a volunteer organization and law enforcement nicipalities county sponsored by Sheriff agencies. Thompson. FIREARMS SAFETY TAMPA —Inspector John F. Kirk, of Hillsborough County Sheriff's Depart- ment, is shown instruct- ing Junior Deputies in firearms safety during a tour of the County jail complex. Sheriff Mal- colm Beard's Jr. Deputy League, now completing its first year, is currently 650 members strong. Next year the program will be expanded to in- c I u d e approximately 2700 boys and girls at the 6th grade level in elementary s c h o o I s. Sheriff Beard's program is more training than fun. Selected deputies of the Youth Bureau go out monthly to schools to instruct the Jr. Depu- ties in the various functions of County law enforcement.

FAME TRAVELS TALLAHASSEE —The fame of the 'Florida Speedy Service Sheriffs Bureau has brought many law en- GREEN COVE SPRINGS —Speedy to forcement officers service from the Florida Sheriffs Bureau Tallahassee from various sections of the nation helped Deputy Sheriff Leslie Binns to and overseas to learn identify a cargo of stolen guns in a modern crime fighting. wrecked truck and place the driver In- This picture shows under arrest before he had a chance to vestigator Chester Quarl- es, of the Mississippi get away. State Highway Patrol, Deputy Binns called the Sheriffs ballistics tech- studying Bureau early one Sunday morning and niques in the Bureau's crime laboratory under told Tom Boen, Special Agent in the guidance of Leslie Charge of the Records and Identifica- Smith (right) a member tion Section, about some guns he had of the Bureau staff. found in a pick-up truck while investi- gating a traffic accident. Boen quickly searched the Bureau's extensive file of stolen and pawned property and called Binns in less than an hour to report that two of the guns had been pawned at a gun shop in Tampa. Following this lead Binns learned that the guns were apparently part of the $5,000 loot from a burglary of the Tampa gun shop and he placed the truck driver under arrest on charges of buying, concealing and receiving stolen property. The next day Binns visited the Bureau headquarters, in Tallahassee, to personally thank the Bureau for valuable assistance, and to express amaze- ment at the speedy response.

Swipe 'eicos Please BARTOW~OOD CITIZENSHI~P PAYS OFF—Two Lakeland youths, Timothy Vinson Mud-spattered headlights and wind- (left) and James Atchley are shown accepting Achievement Awards from Polk County shields can dangerously reduce driving commending them Sheriff Monroe Brannen (left) and Deputy Chuck Keeney (right) visibility. Check your windshield wip- in locating a stolen safe. The two boys found the safe in Saddle Creek for their help ers and clean your lights frequently. and immediately contacted the Sheriff's department about their discovery. JUNE, 1966 the Sheriff's COVER Spotlight on Award STORY June, 1966 Vol. 10, No. 4

The four Sheriffs pictured on this month's cover have one thing in common —all of them have been honored by various organizations for doing an outstanding job. Here is the roll call: POLK COUNTY SHERIFF MONROE BRANNEN —received the National President's Award from the National Ladies Aux- iliary of the Veterans of Foreign Wars for outstanding public service to his community. Later one of his deputies, Ed Lock- wood, who is in charge of communications and public information for the Sheriff's Department, received an identical award. PUTNAM COUNTY SHERIFF WALT PELLICER—was selected to receive the Palatka Junior Chamber of Commerce "Good Government Award" for 1966. He was cited particularly for meritorious services rendered to law enforcement, to Rodeheaver Boys Ranch, to the Palatka Lions Club and to the Florida Sheriffs Association.

EDITORIAL BOARD Sheriff Flanders G. Thompson Lee County Sheriff W. P. Joyce ...... Leon County Sherif L. O. Davis. .. . St. Johns County Don McLeod ...... Florida Sheriffs Bureau

EDITOR Carl Stauffer Field Secretary of the Florida Sheriffs Assn.

ABOVE —State Treas- urer Broward Williams (left) presents B'nai THE SHERIFF'S STAR is published monthly B'rith "Man the Year" Florida of by the Sheriffs Association, a non-profit plaque to Orange Coun- corporation, Flor- P. O. Box 1487, Tallahassee, ty Sheriff Dave ida. The subscription rate is $2.50 Starr per year. (white The oth- Second class postage paid at Tallahassee, Flor- coat). ers are ~ ida, and at additional mailing offices. Sol Moss, Presi dent of Arthur J. Davis Lodge, B'nai B'rith; Bar- ney J. Cohen, toastmas- ter; and A. Willenstein.

LEFT —Polk County Sheriff Monroe Brannen accepts VFW Auxiliary award from Mrs. Thorn. as B. Glaze, Auxiliary Publicity Director. ~ ~ THE SHERIFF'S STAR inning Sheriffs

HIGHLANDS COUNTY SHER- IFF BROWARD COKER —was the 1966 choice to receive the cov- eted "Most Valuable Man" award presented each year by Sebring Firemen. He became a member of the Firemen's group in Janu- 1941, and he was elected ary, ORLANDO —FIRST TIME—Orange County Sheriff Dave Starr has had his picture taken Sheriff in 1948. Currently he is many times on horseback, but this is the first astride the thick neck of a Triceratops. serving his fifth four-year term. The reptile replica was brought here by Sinclair Refining Company as part of a Dinosaur Show. Perched on the horns is Henri Guertin, President of the Colonial ORANGE COUNTY SHERIFF Plaza Merchants Association. The show was one of the top ten exhibits at the World's Fair. ('Photo courtesy of the Orlando Sentinel. DAVE STARR —received the New York ) "Man of the Year Award" from Arthur J. Davis Lodge, B'nai B'rith following a glowing testi- A Bargain —for Less Than 5c monial speech by State Treasurer Broward Williams, "We at the out of Every Tax Dollar Starr State level appreciate Dave" " and the work he is doing, Wil- The following article is reprinted deputies. Some of the "A-men, as they liams said. "We are gathered from the Sarasota Herald-Tribune. are called, are bonded and are allowed to make arrests and perform most of here to pay tribute to a man not SARASOTA —The Sarasota County the functions of regular deputies. only for his achievements in his Sheriff's Department and its auxiliary The Sheriff's Posse consists of men chosen career, but also for what agencies constitute a multi-faceted from varied walks of life who donate done to symbolize 'a good organization capable of enforcing the he has their time and horses and sometimes " went on to describe law and protecting county residents Sheriff'. He other expensive equipment when they his from the Gulf beaches to the palmetto- Starr as a man "dedicated to are called to search for missing persons " scrub hinterland at the east border of job of fighting crime. or assist in manhunts. the county. The search and rescue unit is made 51-person department, under the The up of volunteers who often are called is re- direction of Sherif Ross Boyer, upon to risk their lives diving for the law and order 3 Deputy Sheriffs sponsible for maintaining bodies of persons supposed drowned or than and keeping the peace in the more to perform hazardous duties when an unincorporated Share Jaycee Award 541 square miles of emergency arises. area in the county. KEY WEST —Three deputies from The riot squad is maintained on a And all this is accomplished with an Monroe County Sheriff Reace Thomp- stand-by basis, but its members hold expenditure of less than five cents out drills instructed in son's staff were co-winners of the Junior frequent and are o.' every Sarasota County tax dollar for Chamber of Commerce "Outstanding modern methods of crowd control. They complete maintenance of the depart- Law Enforcement Citation" for 1966. have never been called into action. ment, the operation of the county jail The sheriff's department also employs Investigators David Day and Ed San- and the other auxiliary services the a part-time marine deputy who patrols ders and Deputy Alcio Vidal were cited office provides. the county waterways on weekends and for their "excellent and prompt" work In 1964, sheriff's deputies handled holidays and who is subject to 24-hour in tracking down two burglars who at- a total of 4,645 arrests, drove 638,934 call any other time of the week. He to loot the Key Largo Post tempted miles, spent 44,118 hours on patrol, ha. the use of two 18-foot-long motor- Office. and spent 3,194 hours in court testify- boats, each with a 75 h.p. engine and received high praise Earlier the men ing against persons they had charged fully equipped with rescue equipment. Nestor, in from Postal Inspector W. L. with offenses. The boats are located at opposite ends Federal Em- Miami; and from Judge The sheriff and his deputies are aided of the county so the deputy will be mett Choate. by four principal auxiliary units. They saved the time of a long water voyage This was the first time in the 16-year . are the 25-man auxiliary, a 25-man from one end to the other. history of the Jaycee law enforcement sheriff's posse, a 30-man search and The members of the Sarasota County award that the honor was shared by rescue unit and a 16-man riot squad. Sheriff's Department have a sense of three officers. Members of the auxiliary donate their permanency. Just recently, the Florida Last year's winner was City Police time to spend evenings cruising the Legislature enacted a law placing depu- Sgt. C. M. Papp. county in patrol cars with regular ties under a civil service system. JUNE, 1966 News about the Rorida Sheriffs Boys Ranch, a home for needy and worthy boys the Florida Sheriffs Association is operating on the Suwannee River near Live Oak, Florida.

JACKSONVILLE —Con- Plaque For a Lifetime solidated Distributing Company represented by Mr. Roy Miller, Sr. (right) received a plaque The following have made con- from Duval County Sheriff Dale Carson mak- tributions to the Florida Sheriffs ing it a Lifetime Mem- Boys Ranch Memorial Fund: ber in the Florida Sheriffs Boys Ranch ' Mr. and 1VIrs. D. O. 'Fugate, Boca Grande; in Builders Club in recog- memory of Mrs. A. W. Nelson, James Walker, Mrs. Robert Alley, and IDessa Cleo Rossee. nition of generous con- SherifF and Mrs. L. O. Davis, St. Augustine; tributions to the Ranch. Mr. and Mrs. William H. Barrett, iJr., iSt. Augus- Mr. Miller has also tine; in memory of iJames R. Alexander. assisted the Ranch by Mr. C. Dean Lewis Live Oak; Dr. and Mrs. recruiting new E. G. Haskell, Jr., Tanahassee; Mr. Louie C. support- Wadsworth, Live Oak; in memory of Mr. I.ouis ers. Day. Episcopal Churchmen of St. John' s, Tallahas- see; 'Taber Hamilton, Tallahassee; George E. Lewis, Tallahassee; Mr. and Mrs. B. Y. Penning- ton, Tavares; Mr. and Mrs. Jack Kane, Tallahas- see; in memory of Mr. A. Joe Henry, 'Sr. iSenator and Mrs. Elmer iFriday, IFort AIyers; Roy and Betty Leonard, Fort 1VIyers tBeach; in memory of Mr. IDavid W. Ireland. TAMPA —Officers of iMechanical Engineering inepartment of Board seminole American Le- of Water and Light, Employees of Board of gion Post Ill, Tampa, More BUcks For Our Boys Water and Light, Mr. I. J. Ide, Board of Water and 'Light, Lansing, Michigan; in memory of presented a check for Air. George W. Lentell. $50 to Hillsborough Sheriff Willis V. MeCall, Tavares; in mem- County Sheriff Malcolm ory of Mrs. Nona Trowell and Mrs. Annie Faye Bentley. Beard for the Florida iLois and Walter Roberts, Tallahassee; in Sheriffs Boys Ranch. memory of Mr. Chas. iC. Ashenhart. Shown left to right dur- iMr. and Mrs, Hubert Weeks, Tampa; in memory of Mr. games ID. Barritt. ing the presentation are: iMr. and AIrs. C. C. 'Simpson, Ocala; in mem- Ben Monsen, Past Com- ory of Mr. Richard R. Caldwell. mander, Tim Murphy, iMr. and Mrs. D. P. Gandy, Tallahassee; in memory of Mrs. Lillian 'Cox. Chairman of Public Re- Mrs. F. M. Campbell, Lake Wales; in memory lations, Bob Beaubien, of iMr. Fletchur Mills Campbell. P r e s e n t Commander, Mr. Louie C. Wadsworth, Live Oak; in memory of 'Mr. Eli Clarence Davis and Mrs. Frances Sheriff Beard, and Al Habel Hopkins. Haik, Past Commander. Air. and Mrs. L. H. Reeder, Tampa; in memory of Mr. Joe V. Diaz. Mrs. W. H. iDickinson, Naples; in memory of Mr. William H. inickinson. Mrs. Lors 'Seastedt, Clearwater; in memory Air. and Mrs. Oliver P. 1VIeadows, Ocala; in iMr. and Mrs. Frank Collins, Syracuse, New of William Dana. memory of Arthur Manning. York; in memory of Mr. Theodore D. 'Sherman. Mr. iw. M. Palmer, Jr., Ocala; in memory Tryphena F. Osterbye, St. Petersburg; in mem- iMrs, O. C, iCollins, Tallahassee; in memory of 'Willis J., Willis 'J., Jr., & Mark Edenfield. ory of Theodore iF. Osterbye. of iHarry Saunders. Mrs. Lillian J. Edmonds, West Palm Beach; 1VIr. and Mrs. R. B. Whitaker, Clearwater; in Mrs. Harold S. Steadman, Key West; in mem- in memory of Capt. Harold W. Edmonds, USAF. memory of Harry J. Olsson. ory of Harold 'S. Steadman. Mrs. Aiary Evans, Ormond ~Beach1 in memory 1VIr. and 1VIrs. T. R. Chambers, Hobe Sound; Philip F. Stover, Boca Grande; in memory of of 'Mr. Harry Evans. in memory of Henry A. Rudkin. James Walker. iMr. 'H. G. Pulk, Jr., Cocoa; in memory of Mr. H. G. Fulk, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Eyde, St. Petersburg; in The Memorial Fund will perpetuate the memory of deceased relatives memory of Afrs. R. T. Frasier. and Mrs. Albert IS. Fuller, Clearwater; in memory friends. It provided the financing for a Boys Ranch Chapel; and it will be used in of Albert S. Fuller, F. A. and Maxine McKenzie & Family, Lake- the future for similar projects of enduring significance. land; in memory of Mr. Harold Garlick. Dr. and Mrs. E. G. Haskell, Jr., Tallahassee; Please use the form below when mailing contributions to this fund. in memory of IMrs. Margie Kent. Mr. and iMrs. Jack Kane, Tallahassee; in memorv of Dr. G. M. Harrison. M. Grace iParchefeld, North Palm Beach; in Enclosed find contribution memory of Lucy Johnson. of $ J. Prank Ulrich, Jacksonville; in memory of Mail To: J. ID. Kennedy. In memory of ,Mr. T. V. IMcCaul, Gainesville; in memory Memorial Fund Send acknowledgment lo: of Mrs. T. V. Mocaul. in Name iMrs. Rov E. MoMurray, Sr., Jacksonville; Sheriffs memory of iMr. Roy C. McMurray, Sr. Florida IJames B. Grant, Sanford; in memory of Mr. Address George Morgan. Boys Ranch IFriends who "Klatch" at Nick's Cafe, Lees- From (Donor's Name) burg; in memory of Mr. V. 'Morris. P. O. Box 520 iMr. and Mrs. William F. Hill, Pensacola; in Address memory of i1VIr. Amos Monroe. Live Oak, Florida Mrs. Clara Carroll Smith, Tgllaltassee I ln memory af Anne Mills,

THE SHERIFF'$ eTAR BONANZA FOR BOYS RANCH Builders' Club ORLANDO —Hundreds of food items worth over Roster Grows $2,000 that had been on display here were con- The following persons, organizations tributed to the Florida and business firms have been added to Sheriffs Boys Ranch the roster of the Florida Sheriffs Boys when the Festival of Florida Foods sponsored Ranch Builders Club in recognition of by the State Department donations to the Ranch valued at $100 of Agriculture ended on or more. April 23. This picture Mr. Larry D. Goldstein, St. Peters- shows Florida Commis- sioner of Agriculture burg. Doyle Conner (right) Holiday Mobile Home Trailer Park, turning the "bonanza" Lakeland. of groceries over to Or- Mr. Lloyd Karst, Orlando. Sheriff ange County Mr. Dave Starr, who repre- Jack Ledoux, Longwood. sented the Boys Ranch. Mr. Roy J. Peoples, Lake Placid. Similar food contribu- Mr. Thomas P. Clinard, Lake Placid. tions were also made to Mr. Leslie S. Gordon, Hobe Sound. Rodeheaver Boys Ranch, Civitan Club of Palatka; Harry-Anna of Tallahassee, Tallahas- Crippled Children's Hos- see. pital, at Umatilla; and Mr. Eugene F. Luck, Jacksonville. Ecclston-Callahan Me- Lake Alfred Fire Department, Lake Or- morial Hospital, at Alfred. lando. Nearly 1,000 individual food items, all Mr. Jesse M. Beale, Maitland. Florida - produced and Lighthouse Point Marina, Inc. , Pom- Florida-processed, were pano Beach. displayed supermarket- Mr. William D. Laws, Clermont. style at the Food Fes- tival, which was a major Dr. S. L. Starrak, Bradenton. attraction of the 1966 Mr. C. O. Sheppard, Jasper. Florida Industries Ex- General Telephone Company, Clear- position. water, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. Mr. Andrew A. Urness, St. Peters- SPECIAL TALENT burg. Boys are encouraged to develop their special tal- ents in music, art, hand- icrafts, sports and other Good Job, John fields a t t h e Florida LAKE BUTLER —Union County Sheriffs B o y s Ranch. Jerry Stacy has shown Sheriff John Whitehead's records and a flair for the piano and accounts were found to be in good tak- he is pictured here shape when the State Auditor checked lesson ing his weekly from April 1964, from Kent Taylor (left), them for the period I, of Live Oak. to August 31, 1965. State Auditor Ernest Ellison's report to Gov. Haydon Burns said resources were adequate to cover liabilities of record; budgets were properly prepared and amended; collections and remit-. tances were properly handled; records were generally well kept and internal control was good. Serious Business TITUSVILLE —Flying is fun for the volunteer, non-paid members of Sheriff Leigh Wilson's Flying Posse but they also buckle down to some serious search and rescue assignments from time to time. Within one five-day period this year they found a private plane that had crashed in a swamp killing four occu- pants; and participated in a widespread search for a missing plane piloted by former State Representative Max Brew- WAUCHULA —HARDEE COUNTY DONORS —Mr. Sam Hines, a Wauchula citrus man, gave a generous cash donation to the Florida Sheriffs Boys Ranch and iMr. Roger er. Fumanti, local grocery store owner, donated the proceeds from a steer that was The search ended tragically when slaughtered and sold. In the pictures above Hardee County Sheriff Newton Murdock Brewer's body was found in the wreck- presenting Boys Ranch Builder certificates to Mr. is showing his appreciation by age of his plane. Hines (left) and Mr. Fumanti. JUNE, 1966 Due

"... I am increasing- Process ly concerned that our traditional desire to be 'fair' is leading us in into a serious imbalance in favor of those who violate, as against those Transition who obey, the laws. "

At what exact stage in the criminal proc- An Address by ess does the assistance The Honorable of counsel become Campbell essential to funda- Thornal, Chief mental fairness~ "It Justice of The is moving nearer to Florida Su- the moment of arrest preme Court, . . . If it continues, Presented to Phi law enforcement of- Delta Phi Legal 6cers will have to Fraternity at start carrying law- the University yers in the patrol of Florida. cars. "

I am often concerned that there is a mis- popular emphasis on the rights of the individual, important as conception of the primary function of orderly procedural they are, is bringing into sharp focus the rights of the requirements in the prosecution of criminal cases. Many community to the effective maintenance of law and laymen and some lawyers have the view that the adver- order. In this regard we often overlook the proposition trial is sary merely a device to secure the blessings of that the Constitution which was proclaimed to "secure technicalities or so-called "loopholes" for the liberation the Blessings of Liberty" with equal emphasis announced of otherwise criminals. guilty This erroneous notion that it was ordained "to establish justice" and to "pro- probably has its genesis in a lack of " understanding of mote the general welfare. We do no violence to or- our American accusatorial system of criminal justice. ganic concepts, therefore, when we advance society's The necessity for procedural safeguards results from claim to protection by an effective system of criminal the basic presumption of innocence and the state's bur- justice. By an "effective system" I refer to a process den to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The which balances the individual's right to a fair trial against things am about to are not inspired desire I say by any the public's right to have the guilty punished. This to return to trial ordeal or the by inquisition. Like all would seem to be an essential ingredient of ordered of subscribe wholeheartedly to the ideal fair you, I of a liberty. It is a recognition of Webster's truism that trial according to law. less would Anything do violence "liberty exists only in proportion to reasonable restraint. " to our democratic concept of government under the rule As far back as 1929, the late President Hoover ob- of law. "In served that our desire to be merciful, the pendulum has swung in favor of the prisoner and far away from the protection of society. The sympathetic mind of the IN GREATER MEASURE) HOWEVER) I AM INCREASINGLY American people in its concern about those who are in coNGERNEn that our traditional desire to be "fair" is difBculties has swung too far away from the family of us into a serious imbalance in favor leading of those who the murdered to the family of the murderer. " The violate, as against those who the laws. obey, Increasing President's concern led to the creation of the famed 6 THE SHERIFF'S STAR " Wickersham Commission on Law Observance and En- the public in law enforcement. I am indebted to him forcement. However, until very recently little has been for some of the thoughts expressed here today. done to cope with society's problems of dealing with I have indicated that the due process concept has law violators. been passing through a period of transition. Admittedly, it never has been well-defined as a definitive rule of law. Because of the necessity for fiexibility to meet shifting IN FAGT& THE so-cALLED DUE PRocEss DEcIsIoNs which social forces it probably always will remain elastic. It have come from the nation's highest court in recent years has traditionally been regarded as a gradual process of have added substantial burdens to the states' judicial judicial inclusion and exclusion as the cases arise. It is and law enforcement machinery in meeting the fed- not susceptible of mathematical formulation. It has al- erally imposed standards for a fundamentally fair trial. ways been considered to be less rigid and more fiuid I do not decry all of these decisions. Some of their re- than the more specific guarantees of the Bill of Rights. quirements should have been imposed long ago perhaps. Some of them should have been recognized by the states themselves. We know that many of them were already JUDGE CARDozo vIEwED rr as a respect for those per- the law in some states but not in others. re- The fact sonal immunities which are "so rooted in the traditions mains that we have little in the nature of definitive codes and consciences of our people as to be ranked as funda- to guide us in our search for standards of administering mental. " criminal justice. Judge Holmes, as you know, applied what became In recent years established due long concepts of known as a "balancing concept" in construing the Bill process have undergone marked almost in- changes; of Rights. In his view the guarantees were not absolutes. variably on the side of some adding procedural privilege In each instance they were applied in an equation which to the accused. In each instance these significant deci- included the general welfare clause. sions have had a far-reaching impact on this basic con- The tendency of the highest court in recent years has test between the of the individual and the public's rights been to regard the first eight amendments as a catalogue justifiable claim to the preservation of law and order. of absolute rights to be enjoyed by the individual re- Let us take the celebrated Gideon decision as an gardless of the impact upon the community. In this example. over had followed For twenty years Florida view, these rights are fundamental to American citizen- the Betts v. precedent. will not the Brady I argue ship and being such they must also be recognized point that we should have done as other by perhaps many the states under the Fourteenth Amendment. So—while states did initiating our own system of by providing the first eight amendments were originally intended as counsel for the indigent. The fact remains that we did restrictions on the federal government, they are now re- as some other states did and relied on the 1941 United garded as being so basic to individual rights that they States decision. When Gideon was announced, the State have become restrictions on the states under the Four- Prison was loaded with prisoners who received the bene- teenth. This is a phase of the basic transition through fit of this belatedly recognized organic right to counsel. which criminal due process has passed. It became necessary that we our judicial urgently adjust It was not until 1923 —in Brown v. Mississippi— procedures to meet the impact of the anticipated flood that the United States Supreme Court reversed a state tide of demands for relief. court conviction as violative of the due process guaran- tee. That was because of a coerced confession. Then came Powell v. Alabama in 1932, THE cLAIMs WERE NQT LQNG IN coMING. Gideon was holding that assistance of counsel was fundamental in announced on March 18, 1963. According to Division a capital case in the state courts. It was not until 1940 that of Correction reports, between April 1, 1963 and June the right to counsel in federal courts became ripe for determina- 1, 1965, 5,884 post conviction motions for relief have been tion. As late as 1941 assistance of counsel filed pursuant to the Gideon ruling. During that same was not deemed fundamental to the validity of state 214 prisoners have been released trials for period 1, completely felonies less than capital. from the custody of the State Prison pursuant to these motions. Sixty-nine or 5% had been returned for subsequently committed crimes. Indications are that this per- As APPEALS To THE centage will increase as time progresses. FEDERAI. coURTs for relief against state convictions increased I am not here to say that this is all wrong. I am not the recognition of rights deemed fundamental contending that a fair trial for a serious crime can be has increased along with them. the accomplished without the assistance of counsel for the During immediate past several years the element of the economic status accused. I am attempting to emphasize that in the light of the individual appealing has become of transcendant of this ever-expanding concept of due process the public importance in the due process equation. Witness —Griffin v. Illinois has a vital interest which I feel in some measure has — and Draper v. been neglected. Every time we have a new decision Washington the right of the indigent to have a state supplied appellate transcript; equating economic status with a newly recognized con- or Douglass v. California —the right to state stitutional right, it is only fair to warn that it means supplied counsel for a direct appeal, even an examination added demands on the public treasury and additional though of the record by the appellate court convinces responsibilities for law enforcement ofiIcers. that there is no merit to the appeal; of course, Gideon Perhaps it is time that we get to a consideration of and, v. Wainwright. Whether the Gideon what Chief Judge Edward Lumbard of the United States privilege of counsel will be ap- Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, calls "due process for (Continued on Page 8) JUNE, 1966 DUF PRO(:F,gg IN TRANSITION (conrinnedfromprecedingpege) — plied to misdemeanors remains to be finally decided. I say to you, what I have said to others lurking If it is, you can envision the tremendous obligation that around in all of this business of state-supplied legal Another services to the indigent is the seed of a socialized legal will be imposed upon the Bar and the public. — point yet to be reached is the exact stage in the criminal profession not only in the field of criminal law but process where the assistance of counsel becomes essen- in civil matters as well. tial to fundamental fairness. It is moving nearer and If you doubt this, examine public Law 88-452, passed nearer to the moment of arrest. As one dissenting justice on August 20, 1964, and known as The Economic Op- recently suggested, if it continues laIo enforcement of- portunity Act of 1964. As I read the signs of the cases ficers Ioitt have to start carrying taIDIJers in the patroL it might not be far in the offing. I think we must face cars. realistically the challenge. The only answer can be that I have pinpointed these decisional developments in the lawyers of America see to it that no citizen shall be the area of criminal due process as typical of the chal- denied the assistance of a lawyer merely because of in- lenges that must be faced by the Bar and the public. ability to pay. The alternative will be that if you don' t My purpose is not so much to draw lines of cleavage see to it —the government will. Such is the expanding with the judgments. Rather, it is to arouse an awareness concept of due process that has made long strides in of the fact that prosecutions for crime are going to be- recent years. The public has a right to look to the Bar come more expensive; they are going to require greater for leadership. law enforcement manpower, and they are going to de- mand an extremely cautious adherence to procedural requirements in bringing law violators to justice. Again, I say, perhaps this is not all bad. It could lead to more certain and more expeditious punishment for the guilty, in- as well as a more conclusive determination of the nocence of those who are not guilty. OUT OF ALL OF THIS HAS COME SOME SIGNIFICANT AGTIoN. The American Bar Association has organized a project for the preparation and promulgation of a code of minimum standards for the administration of criminal justice. Some of the best minds in the profession have been assigned to the task. If this objective can be accomplished we will at least have a reasonably specific guide to the minimal essentials of a constitutionally sound criminal proceeding. This would be a long step forward in definitizing the public's obligations, while seems giving due regard to the rights of the accused. It sensible to me that we should have a uniform system of procedure that would provide the essential elements of a fair trial. It is contemplated that state statutes and rules of court can be formulated using the code of minimum standards as the base. The Florida Bar is currently finalizing a set of rules of criminal procedure. be "swept In the meantime" these problems cannot under the rug. The bar and the public must be prepared to meet the responsibilities. In the right to counsel area Florida's public defender system is an important step. However, as now constituted, the present system cannot meet all of the requirements. Incidentally, the public defenders are doing an excellent job. Actually, in many sections they are far exceeding the bounds of re- duty. But under these recent decisions the state is quired to supply counsel to handle indigent appeals as well as trials. The cost of appellate records for indigents will itself be a substantial item. If the right should be extended to misdemeanors our problems will hc multi- plied tremendously. STOLEN WIRE WORTH OVER $5,000 MUsT PREPARE ITsELF to partici- THE oRGANIzED BAR OKEECHOBE'E —Forty-two rolls of copper wire stolen from a pate in doing the job —most often for little or no pay. warehouse in Stuart were recovered by Okeechobee County Some of this service can be rendered through legal aid Sheriff John Collier (center) and Martin County Deputy Sheriff have expand Tom Wyatt. The wire, with a value of over $5,000, was hidden and lawyer referal services. We may to under a clump of cabbage palms on a ranch near here. our system of paid assigned counsel, (Okeechobee News photo by David Alford. ) THE SHERIFF S STAR At the scene of the Pealton murder (from left to right) Sgt. Earl Branch, from the Polk County Sheriff's Department; Polk County Sheriff 'Monroe Brannen; Murder Suspect Robert Wright; and Palm Beach County Deputy Sheriff John Tuitte.

It Was All Over Just Seven Days After the First Shot Was Fired

Sheriffs following a bloody trail of shotgun slayings that stretched across the state from Ocala to West Palm Beach wrapped up three murder cases in just seven days after the first shot was fired. In each case the motive was robbery and 'the victim was a service station at- tendant gunned down at close range. Lonnie C. Hitt, 48, was the first victim at a service station near West Palm Beach; Wright and Hawkins were charged with the mur- and Stanley Pealton, 48, who worked at a station in der of Stanley Pealton after Wright was taken to Lake Wales, was blasted into eternity on the same Lake Wales and reenacted the slaying. date, February 8, 1966. As the investigation continued, Hawkins and a Two days later John M. Tapp, 68, became the man identified as Clifford Howard, alias Clifford third victim in a service station at Bellview, near Howell, who was not immediately apprehended, were Ocala. charged with the murder of Lonnie C. Hitt. Investigators were left with few clues; but the combined efforts of Marion County Sheriff Doug Marion County warrants charged Hawkins and Willis, Palm Beach County Sheriff Martin Kellen- James Billy Whitworth, of Savannah, Ga., with the berger and Polk County Sheriff Monroe Brannen slaying of John M. Tapp. and their deputies were rewarded on February 11 Wright pleaded guilty to the holdup near Delray when Charles C. Hawkins, 26, of Delray Beach, and Beach that led to his apprehension. Hawkins, who Robert Lee Wright, 18, of Pompano Beach, were was wounded in the same manhunt, was carried into captured in a wooded area west of Delray Beach court on a stretcher and pleaded not guilty. His after a holdup there. trial was set for the week of July 11.

ROUGH WEEK TALLAHASSEE —After ACASEMY a week of listening to lectures and watching demonstrations by path- ologists, chemists, a psychologist, court offi- cials, educators and trained crime investiga- I tors, these officers were graduated from a Florida Law Enforcement Acad- emy school dealing with Death Investigations and Sex Crimes. The class included 11 deputy ~~ sheriffs, two city police ~ officers and one Florida ~ Sheriffs Bureau Agent. Pictured with the group (front row, fifth from left) is Florida Sheriffs Bureau Executive Direc. tor Ed Yarbrough. JUNQ 1966 Jailer Robert Pike finger- Lynda interviewing a troubled Negro boy. Lynda with Deputy Sheriff Ed prints Lynda as part of Macclellan. her orientation.

CO-ED CAPTIVATED BY CRIMINOLOGY

BY CHARLES REID

GAINESVILLE —Life for many University of from his father's wallet to prove to the boys at Florida coeds consists of what the students call the school that he wasn't a mamma's boy —although he "Two Big S's"—studying and socializing. was. But for Lynda Newman, a third and fourth "S" There was the murder trial. have been added —Service and Sacrifice. Then, there was her most nervous day —her day The 22-year-old blonde is working part-time with in court. the Youth Activities Division of the Alachua County Miss Newman, along with Deputies MacClellan, Jim Sheriffs Office as part of a joint program with the Miller and Shellie Downs, visited the home of a University. couple charged with contributing to the dependency of minors. Dr. Melvin Ashley, Miss Newman's instructor in In Court of Record before Judge Ira she a sociology course (Methods in Social Work), organ- Carter, testified to the conditions of the home and the chil- ized the program with the cooperation of Sheriff dren. Joe Crevasse. "It was unbelievable, " she explained. "There Tragically, two weeks before the trimester was were piles of dog manure scattered throughout the over in April, Dr. Ashley died suddenly. But the home. There was no electricity and the dishes hadn' t con- program he and Sheriff Crevasse started will been washed in so long, a mold of some type formed tinue. It was designed to give students some prac- on them. tical experience in social work —and practical experi- "The father of the three young children was ence Miss Newman is getting. found passed out drunk on the couch. The attractive St. Petersburg native works under "Outside, in the cool, wet weather, were the Deputy Sheriff Ed MacClellan, youth activities children, not knowing where their mother was. director. Sores with black dirt in them were visible on their Before any on-the-job training, she spent a day feet. .." in each department of the sheriff's office to give her On and on the cases went. And the more she a better understanding of the job ahead. worked, and the more involved she became, the more Once the orientation was complete, she went with she enjoyed it. Deputy MacClellan on actual juvenile cases. Miss Newman was an elementary education Miss Newman found that a social worker —as major when she started her work with the sheriff's well as a deputy —has a sometimes confusing but office. But because she enjoyed her work so much, enriching job. She had to become part psychologist, she has decided to transfer to Florida State Univer- part nurse, part soothsayer and part philosopher. sity and major in criminology. There was the three-year-old boy wandering lost "The experience Sheriff Crevasse and Ed Mac- on the streets with no shoes —and worse, no home. Clellan have given me has been heartwarming and She cared for him and found a foster home for him. invaluable, " Miss Newman said. "It has shown me There was the teen-age boy who stole money where I want to work after graduation. "

10 THE SHERIFF'S STAR How to Catch a Murder Suspect TALLAHASSEE —When Fingerprint Technician Oral Woods was going through the Florida Sheriff's Bureau's fingerprint files to see whether or not Richard Smith was wanted for anything other than the minor charge placed against him by the Eau Gallic Police, he could have ignored the fact that a fingerprint card for Richard Whitting- ton had been checked out of the files temporarily by another Bureau staff member. There was no indication of any con- nection between Smith and Whitting- ton, except that their fingerprint classi- fications were very similar, but Woods had been trained to be thorough. He CLEARWATER —THE FACE IS FAMILIAR immediately located Whittington's fin- —Yes, that's Bob Hope shaking hands with Pinellas gerprint card, compared it with Smith's County Sheriff Don Genung. The famous funnyman came here to help fingerprint card and found them to be promote the International Blind Golfers identical. Tournament. He played in an exhibition match Further checking revealed that at Clearwater Country Club and later made a personal appearance on Smith, alias Whittington, was wanted stage at Jack Russell Stadium with the for murder in Fort Myers and teletype Sheriff serving as Master of Ceremonies. messages were quickly sent to the Fort (Clearwater Sun Photo. ) Myers and Eau Gallic Police Depart- ments. The elusive Smith had made bond Eyes Delivered and was not in custody when the mes- KEY WEST—It was a unique assign- sage reached Eau Gallic, but he was ment —transporting a pair of human picked within 30 minutes and was up eyes from Key West to Miami —but the taken to Fort Myers to face a murder Monroe County Sheriff's Department charge. carried it out speedily and successfully. Woods was commended by Special The eyes were removed from a de- Agent Tom Boen, his section chief, and ceased woman who had willed them to Sheriffs Lynda also had to learn radio signals and the Bureau Executive Director Ed the Florida Lions Club Eye Bank. use of the teletype machine before venturing Yarbrough, then returned to his pains- Sheriff Reace Thompson picked them out on actual cases. taking labors in the Bureau's files. up at a hospital here and rushed them to Key West International Airport where Special Deputy Tom McCuiston Salaries Absurd was standing by to fiy them to Miami. They were eventually relayed to PENSACOLA —"One of the absurd- Jackson Memorial Hospital, in Miami, ities of our society is that we pay our and were reported to have arrived in lowest wages to those we expect the excellent condition. most from, " Sheriff Bill Davis told the Pensacola Optimist" Club. Rare Breed "It's appalling, he added, "to see law enforcement officers receive the CLEARWATER-The poetry county " jail prisoners leave behind is same pay as unskilled workers. usually well seasoned with obscenities and bit- Deputy Joe Gassman who was killed ter protest; but Sheriff Don Genung in the hne of duty early this year was has some verses penned by a former cited the Sheriff as an example of by woman inmate of the Pinellas County the deplorable situation. He said pay Jail that are all sweetness and light. Gassman had been working Deputy She praised the character and for- for the Sherif's Department for 10 bearance of the matrons, excused the years and was only receiving $397 a gruffness of the jailers by assuming month. "they must all be Irish"; devoted four Pay for deputies ranged from a lines to the wisdom and fortitude of the starting figure of $282 a month to top jail chaplain; and closed as follows: pay of $327 when he became Sheriff The entire staff we find in 1961, Davis said. Is complete in efficiency Getting acquainted with Sheriff Crevasse's Today, Davis said, the starting salary and dedication bloodhounds and their handler, Deputy Sheriff " is $378, and I have appealed for a So upon leaving I sadly say, Henry C. Gilland, was one of Lynda's first " assignments. starting salary of $417. "May I submit my resignationP" JUNE, 1966 .I

I ed probation by leaving Franklin Fortune approved residence with- P Colored male, date of out permission of super- Viola- birth 12-15-35, 5 feet, 3 visor, and has not sub- N Robert Gibson rant issued, charge inches tall, weighs 160 mitted the tion of Parole and Grand required known as Robert pounds, black hair, brown monthly reports since July Also Theft of Auto. May be white eyes. Warrant issued, 1965. If apprehended T. Bloomer, male, accompanied white birth 11-15-36. by charge Violation of Pa- notify Sheriff Murdock, date of male, 35-40, 5' 8", 160, inches tall. role. Was placed on 3 Wauchula, Fla. or the 5 feet, 7' black hair combed straight , blond hair, green eyes. years probation for Ag- Florida Sheriffs Bureau, back, neatly dressed. No be gravated Assault. Violat- Tallahassee, Florida. FBI +565136-A. May wanted on him. If ap- driving red 1965 M us- Q5R- prehended notify Police tang hardtop, Mtr Miami, the California Dept. , Fla. , or 07A189902, Florida Sheriffs Bureau, Lic. NNF-139. May be Tallahassee, Florida. armed. Use caution. War-

blue, with Fla. Lic. 11— James R. McDavid rest unknown. Two war- 0 White male, date and rants on file, charges place of birth 2-21-37, Worthless Checks, and no Waldo, Fla., 5 feet, 9 Valid Driver's License. If inches tall, weighs 175 apprehended notify Sheriff pounds, brown hair, blue C r e v a s s e, Gainesville, eyes. FBI g 195 694C. Fla. , or the Florida Believed be driving a Sheriffs Bureau, Tallahas- Driving a white 1955 1958 Ford, white over see, Fla. Roy Edward West Ford pickup truck, with Also known as Robert or camper attached to rear, Bob Ray, and various 1966 Alabama License combinations of Roy Ed- 1H1-4442, VIN U5AG1- ward West, white male, 55050. Should be con- date and place of birth sidered armed and dan- 5-21-41, Citra, Fla. , 6 gerous. He is wanted by feet, 3 inches tall, weighs FBI for UFAP, Grand 210 pounds, brownish Larceny. Believed to be blond hair, brown eyes, residing in Florida. Last 8" scar on stomach; tat- known to be accompa- too of "Happy Go Lucky" nied by his wife, Barbara on left outer arm, tattoo Jean West, and two small nude woman on left out- children. If apprehended PAP&V. er arm. Truck driver, notify nearest FBI, or the Ronald Kahnan build, FBI f23'4 828F. laborer, service station at- Florida Sheriffs Bureau, J. Six warrants on file, tendant. FBI/ 122,296D. Tallahassee, Fla. White male, date and charge Worthless Checks. place of birth 9-21-39« If apprehended notify Fords, N. J. 6 feet, 1 inch Sheriff Crevasse, Gaines- tall, weighs 175 pounds, ville, Florida or the Flor- brown hair, green eyes, ida Sheriffs Bureau, Tal- fair complexion, medium lahassee, Florida.

James Allen Shehorn White male, date and birth 2-7-42, place of c Missouri, 6 feet, 1 inch «, Fj'$ tall, weighs 170 pounds, brown hair and eyes, Irvin M. Lewis. Purchases tattoos both arms. FBI irvin M. Lewis, Jr. made from above credit f572-840E. Two felony White male, date of birth card indicate he has been warrants on file, Posses- 9-29-39, 6 feet tall, in the Cocoa Beach area. P. n ltN « "«.L c~s' Warrant sion of dynamite and weighs 173 pounds, Wanted by Police Dept. , Robert Edward Leone issued, charge escape from County jail brown hair, hazel eyes. Baton Rouge, La., on Withholding Support from on 4-18-66. Will extra- Driving 1957 Chrysler 2- charges Worthless Checks, White male, date and his Minor Children. If dite. If apprehended noti- door, 1966-67 Louisiana Auto Theft and Theft. If place of birth 10-12-31, apprehended notify Sheriff fy Sheriff Dyess, LaBelle, License g 30A93 3. apprehended notify that Olean, N.Y. 6 feet tall, C r e v a s s e, Gainesville, Fla., or the Florida Should have in his pos- department or Florida weighs 150 pounds, black Florida or the Florida Sheriff's Bureau, Tallahas- session Esso Credit card Sheriffs Bureau, Tallahas- hair, brown eyes, slender Sheriffs Bureau, Tallahas- see, Florida. g 3782010874, issued to see, Florida. build. FBI f267 275D. see Florida 12 THE SHERIFF'S STAR AUXILIARY PATROL TAM'PA —Members of Sheriff Malcolm E. ' B e a r d s Hillsborough County CD Auxiliary Patrol stand at attention for a uniform and equipment mspection by In- spector James Powell of the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office and Col. Mills, Director of Hills- borough County Civil De- fense Council. The Pa- trol, currently 35 strong with an ultimate goal of one auxiliary man to each regular patrolman, requires 40 hours of classroom instruction before a man is allowed to ride with a regular deputy. Each man purchases his own uniform and equipment and works without compen- sation. The men of the Auxiliary Patrol have done much to comple- ment the effectivenes of the regular deputies and were outstanding in their response during this year's tornadoes in Hillsborough County.

Lorraine Drake White female, age 38, 5 feet, 5 inches tall, weighs 105 pounds, normally dark hair, dyed black, brown eyes. Missing from Norman Boyd Naples, Fla., since 4-18- 66. Driving '61 Corvair, White male, date of John Milton Toole birth 10-24-40, 5 feet, 11 off white in color, 1966 White male, date of birth 64D-422. inches tall, weighs 150 Florida Lic. 2-2-39, dark brown hair, John Albert Ware has crease in pounds, dark brown curly Vehicle com- front door. Accompanied hair, blue eyes. Missing brown eyes, ruddy White male, age 50, 5 by her daughter, Gilliam from Stock Island, Mon- plexion. Subject discharg- feet, 9 inches tall, weighs Drake, white female, age roe County, since 4-25-66. ed from USMC. San 125 pounds, grey hair, no 6, average size. Mother Subject's vehicle found in Francisco, Calif. 4-16-64 teeth. Driving black and has been in mental hos- mangrove 15 miles north and has not been heard white 1961 Nash com- pital and has attempted of Key West 4-28-66 and from since that time. pact, 1966 Florida License 11D-432. Subject missing suicide several times. despondency note found Anyone knowing subject's in car. If located notify since March 31, 1966. If Anyone knowing subject's whereabouts notify Sheriff c o n t a c t Sheriff Thompson, Key located notify Sheriff whereabouts McCall, Tavares, Fla. or Police Dept. , Naples, Fla., West, Fla., or the Florida , Reddish, Starke, Fla., or or the Florida Sheriffs Sherilf's Bureau, Tallahas- the Florida Sheriffs the Florida Sheriffs Bureau, Tallahassee. Fla. see, Florida. Bureau, Tallahassee, Fla. Bureau, Tallahassee, Fla. JUNE, 1965 13 Afloat in a Boat —Law Enforcement at its Best

Fully equipped for any emergency are these high speed patrol boats manned Jim Adkins, Larry Van Hoose and * by Sgt. ' ' " ' " " ' ', P' Theo Hampton. (Photos on this page . r, . :., ', , are from the Melbourne Times. )

The Marine Patrol's airboat is ideal for cruising canals and shallow areas in Brevard County. Sgt. Jim Adkins is pictured at the controls.

TITUSVILLE —Like they say in It is the duty of the "sheriff's navy" capable of 45 miles per hour to an air- those television commercials —Something to see that Florida's boating laws in boat and smaller craft for inland water- wonderful happens when you put a regard to safety equipment, registra- ways, is always in radio contact with deputy sheriff in a boat. tion of boats and operation of boats are Sheriff Wilson's headquarters and can Corny this may sound, but the day obeyed; and when the deputies do have be dispatched quickly to the scene of to day routine of the men in Sheriff to get tough it is usually for some an emergency. Leigh Wilson's Marine Patrol has shown flagrant violation that endangers the The patrol members —Larry Van that it's true. safety of others. Hoose, Theo Hampton and Sgt. Jim These seagoing deputies can be It seldom is necessary to warn a boat Adkins are busiest on weekends, but tough when necessary, and they do owner more than once about faulty or are on call for immediate action day make arrests, but they spend most of improper equipment. Infractions of or night, seven days a week. their time protecting the lives and prop- safety regulations are usually remedied During the fust six months on patrol erty of the boating public —and that' s promptly. they logged 24,357 miles —and that's a law enforcement at its best. The uniformed patrol, with a fleet lot of water under anybody's bow. In its erst year of operation the that ranges from 150-horsepower boats Marine Patrol has done many favors for many people and a look at its daily log will show that arresting lawbreakers was only a minor activity compared to rescue missions, assistance to boatmen in distress and protecting swimmers, water skiers and ffshermen.

A small boat and trailer towed behind an equipment truck gives the patrol exceptional mobility and allows deputies to reach areas inaccessible to larger craft.