DOCSLIB.ORG

Crop Wild Relative 10: 12–14

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crop Wild Relative 10: 12–14 Novel characterization of crop wild relative and landrace resources as a basis for improved crop breeding ! ISSN 1742-3694 (Online) www.pgrsecure.org " Crop wild relative Issue 10 February 2015 PGR Secure – EU Seventh Framework Programme, THEME KBBE.2010.1.1-03, GA 266394 THEME KBBE.2010.1.1-03, GA PGR Secure – EU Seventh Framework Programme, Conserving plant genetic resources for use now and in the future !2 Crop wild relative Issue 10 February 2015 ! ! Contents ! ! Editorial............................................................................................................................................................... 3 ENHANCED GENEPOOL UTILIZATION – Capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement S. Dias, S. Kell, M.E. Dulloo, J. Preston, L. Smith, E. Thörn and N. Maxted………………………………………. 5 PGR Secure exhibits crop wild relatives and landraces at NIAB Innovation Farm S. Kell, L. Frese, M. Heinonen, N. Maxted, V. Negri, A. Palmé, L. Smith, S.Ø. Solberg and B. Vosman……….. 9 Phenomics and genomics tools for facilitating brassica crop improvement Editors: B. Vosman, K. Pelgrom, G. Sharma, R. Voorips, C. Broekgaarden, J. Pritchard, S. May, S. Adobor, Shelagh Kell M. Castellanos-Uribe, M. van Kaauwen, B. Janssen, W. van Workum and B. Ford-Lloyd……………………… 12 Nigel Maxted Successful use of crop wild relatives in breeding: easier said than done ! K. Pelgrom, C. Broekgaarden, R. Voorrips and B. Vosman………………………………………………………… 15 Design and layout: Two predictive characterization approaches to search for target traits in crop wild relatives Shelagh Kell and landraces Hannah Fielder I. Thormann, M. Parra Quijano, J.M. Iriondo, M.L. Rubio Teso, D.T. Endresen, N. Maxted, S. Dias ! and M.E. Dulloo…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16 ! Europe’s crop wild relative diversity: from conservation planning to conservation action Front cover: S. Kell, B. Ford-Lloyd and N. Maxted…………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Honey bee on Brassica flower Discovering Finnish crop wild relative diversity and gaps in their conservation ! H. Fitzgerald and H. Korpelainen……………………………………………………………………………………… 21 ! In situ conservation of CWR in Spain: present and future Photo: M.L. Rubio Teso, C. Ronquillo Ferrero, A. Nebreda Trejo, M. Parra Quijano, E. Torres Lamas Lorenzo Raggi and J.M. Iriondo Alegría………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 Italian crop wild relatives and wild harvested plants conservation strategy L. Panella, F. Landucci, D. Donnini, D. Gigante, R. Venanzoni, L. Raggi, R. Torricelli and V. Negri…………… 27 Plant Genetic Resources Diversity Gateway for the conservation and use of crop wild relative and landrace traits S. Dias……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum in Turkey: characterization in a laboratory environment F. Gürel, C. Uçarlı, E. Yörük and A. Karagöz…………………………………………………………………………. 31 Enhancing the conservation and use of Medicago genetic resources by means of targeted collection using next-generation sequencing H. Fielder, B. Ford-Lloyd and N. Maxted……………………………………………………………………………… 33 On the sustainable use and conservation of plant genetic resources in Europe !L. Frese, A. Palmé, L. Bülow, G. Neuhaus and C. Kik………………………………………………………………. 34 Correspondence address: Shelagh Kell, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK !Email: [email protected] Copyright © University of Birmingham 2015. All rights reserved. The University of Birmingham edits and publishes Crop wild relative on behalf of PGR Secure, a collaborative project funded under the EU Seventh Framework Programme, THEME KBBE.2010.1.1-03, Grant Agreement no. 266394 Crop wild relative Issue 10 February 2015 !3 elcome to Issue 10 of Crop countries in Europe have made good wild relative, the final issue to progress in developing national CWR Wbe published under the um- conservation strategies (as reported in brella of the recently concluded PGR Crop wild relative Issue 9), particularly Secure project. In this issue we deliver Editorial since the provision of training and some of the key highlights and results support by the PGR Secure project. of the project, starting with an overview of the highly success- However, selected from the north and south of Europe and ful joint PGR Secure/EUCARPIA conference, ‘ENHANCED with known variation in CWR richness and expected differ- GENEPOOL UTILIZATION – capturing wild relative and lan- ences in the identification of priority CWR, three case studies drace diversity for crop improvement’, which brought together served to test and illustrate the basic national CWR conserva- 140 delegates from 42 European and non-European countries tion strategy planning process. On page 21, Heli Fitzgerald to debate current and future conservation and utilization of (Finnish Museum of Natural History) and Helena Korpelainen CWR and landrace diversity (page (University of Helsinki) summarize 5). In addition to disseminating the the process of preparing the Finland results of the PGR Secure project CWR conservation strategy and and sharing global knowledge on describe five key CWR sites identi- CWR and landrace conservation fied through the application of diver- and use, the conference provided a sity and gap analysis techniques. unique opportunity to showcase Similarly, on page 24 Maria Luisa CWR and landrace populations in Rubio Teso (Universidad Rey Juan the demonstration plots of the host Carlos, Spain) and colleagues de- institute, NIAB Innovation Farm in scribe how they set about developing Cambridge, UK (page 9). a sound evidence-based national ! CWR conservation strategy for Spain The development of novel character- which has one of the largest CWR ization techniques for CWR and floras in Europe and contains landraces was one of the focal areas species of potential major impor- of the PGR Secure project and in tance for food and economic security this issue we present overviews of in the region. In this article they the research undertaken and the key present the concept of the ‘CWR results. On page 12, Ben Vosman species-ecogeographic unit combi- and colleagues from DLO, The nation’ which combines the applica- Netherlands report on the develop- tion of ecogeographic diversity and ment of phenomics and genomics complementarity analysis techniques tools to facilitate brassica crop im- to identify target populations contain- provement, while on page 15, Koen ing potential genetic diversity of Pelgrom and colleagues (DLO) adaptive value. On page 27, Lorenzo Figure 1 Trifolium pratense growing in Færder National summarize the challenges of using park in Vestfold county, Norway (Photo: Jade Phillips) Panella (University of Perugia) and CWR in plant breeding programmes colleagues describe the production but end on a note of optimism that of the CWR inventory of Italy and novel techniques will increasingly overcome the problems and present initial results of gap analysis of priority wild relatives in lead to an increase in the use of CWR for crop improvement. the genus Brassica. Importantly, fieldwork undertaken by the In combination with population occurrence data, comprehen- authors served to highlight the problems and limitations of sive environmental datasets which are widely and freely avail- basing desk-based conservation planning only on existing able can be used to characterize populations based on the occurrence data sourced from herbaria and gene banks, since environmental profile of the sites in which they occur and thus they discovered that a number of recorded populations could narrow down target populations for characterization using con- not be found. ventional (or novel) phenotypic or DNA-based techniques. ! Imke Thormann (Bioversity International) and colleagues (page On page 29, Sónia Dias (Bioversity International) presents a 16) report on predictive characterization approaches tested in major product of the PGR Secure project—the PGR Diversity the PGR Secure project to search for target traits in CWR, as Gateway—which aims to promote and facilitate the use of well as in landraces. CWR and landraces in breeding and crop improvement by ! providing trait and conservation data of potential value to CWR conservation strategy planning was another key objec- breeders and other users of germplasm, as well as to conser- tive of the PGR Secure project. On page 19, Shelagh Kell and vation scientists, policy-makers and other PGRFA stakehold- colleagues (University of Birmingham) highlight the value of ers. Europe’s CWR diversity for food and economic security in the ! region and stress the need for a coherent, regionally coordi- In this issue we also present two guest articles. Filiz Gürel nated policy and the appropriate resources to fund their con- (Istanbul University, Turkey) and colleagues describe the char- servation, characterization and evaluation. As highlighted in acterization of Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (wild Crop wild relative Issue 9 (editorial), national CWR conserva- barley) accessions for salinity and water stress traits (page tion strategies are essential for the effective implementation of 31). The authors stress the importance of identifying and intro- an integrated CWR conservation strategy in Europe. Many ducing these traits into cultivated barley to mitigate the nega- Crop wild relative Issue 10 February 2015 !4 tion has been ad hoc and opportunistic rather than as a result of deliberate scientific selection. Further, they are independent of each other and therefore do not together constitute the de- sired
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: the Value of the Crop Wild Relatives
    PERSPECTIVE published: 06 February 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00074 Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: The Value of the Crop Wild Relatives Filipa Monteiro 1,2*, Lothar Frese 3, Sílvia Castro 4, Maria C. Duarte 1, Octávio S. Paulo 1, João Loureiro 4 and Maria M. Romeiras 1,2* 1 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 3 Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany, 4 Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) is one of the most important European crops for both food and sugar production. Crop improvement has been developed to enhance productivity, sugar content or other breeder’s desirable traits. The introgression of traits from Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) has been done essentially for lessening biotic stresses Edited by: constraints, namely using Beta and Patellifolia species which exhibit disease resistance Piergiorgio Stevanato, characteristics. Several studies have addressed crop-to-wild gene flow, yet, for breeding Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy programs genetic variability associated with agronomically important traits remains Reviewed by: Martin Mascher, unexplored regarding abiotic factors. To accomplish such association from phenotype- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und to-genotype, screening for wild relatives occurring in habitats where selective pressures Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), are in play (i.e., populations in salt marshes for salinity tolerance; populations subjected Germany Chiara Broccanello, to pathogen attacks and likely evolved resistance to pathogens) are the most appropriate Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy streamline to identify causal genetic information.
    [Show full text]
  • Patellifolia (Chenopodiaceae)
    Development of SSR Markers for the Genus Patellifolia (Chenopodiaceae) Author(s): Marion Nachtigall, Lorenz Bülow, Jörg Schubert and Lothar Frese Source: Applications in Plant Sciences, 4(8) Published By: Botanical Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/apps.1600040 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1600040 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Applications in Plant Sciences 2016 4(8): 1600040 Applications in Plant Sciences PRIMER NOTE DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKErs FOR THE GENUS PATELLIFOLIA (CHENOPODIACEAE)1 MARION NACHTIGALL2, LORENZ BÜLOW2, JÖRG SCHUBERT3, AND LOTHAR FRESE2,4 2Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; and 3Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Chenopodiaceae Subfam. Betoideae and Notes on the Taxonomy of Beta
    Willdenowia 36 – 2006 9 GUDRUN KADEREIT, SANDRA HOHMANN & JOACHIM W. KADEREIT A synopsis of Chenopodiaceae subfam. Betoideae and notes on the taxonomy of Beta Abstract Kadereit, G., Hohmann, S. & Kadereit, J. W.: A synopsis of Chenopodiaceae subfam. Betoideae and notes on the taxonomy of Beta. – Willdenowia 36 (Special Issue): 9-19. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.36.36101 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) A synopsis of the phylogeny and systematics of subfamily Betoideae of the Chenopodiaceae is pro- vided and a modified subfamilial classification proposed. Betoideae contain five or six genera, i.e. Beta, Patellifolia, Aphanisma, Oreobliton and Hablitzia. The inclusion of Acroglochin in Betoideae is not clearly resolved by molecular evidence. The five genera (excl. Acroglochin) fall into two clades. These are Beteae with Beta only, and Hablitzieae with the remaining four genera. Of these four genera, Patellifolia formerly has been regarded as a section of Beta (B. sect. Procumbentes). The closer rela- tionship of Patellifolia to Hablitzieae rather than to Beta is supported not only by molecular but also by flower morphological characters. Molecular evidence, in part newly generated, suggests that Beta can be divided into two well-supported groups. These are B. sect. Corollinae and B. sect. Beta. The often recognized unispecific B. sect. Nanae should be included in B. sect. Corollinae.InB. sect. Beta, proba- bly only two species, B. macrocarpa and B. vulgaris, should be recognized. Key words: angiosperms, beets, Patellifolia, phylogenetic systematics, ITS, morphology. Introduction The Betoideae are a small subfamily of the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae alliance, comprising between 11 and 16 species in five genera, dependent mainly on the classification of Beta L.
    [Show full text]
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
    Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership.
    [Show full text]
  • WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 33 (2), 2012: 205–232 WOOD ANATOMY OF CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE s. l.) Heike Heklau1, Peter Gasson2, Fritz Schweingruber3 and Pieter Baas4 SUMMARY The wood anatomy of the Chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uni- form. The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels (<100 µm) with mostly minute pits (<4 µm), and extremely narrow ves- sels (<10 µm intergrading with vascular tracheids in addition to “normal” vessels), short vessel elements (<270 µm), successive cambia, included phloem, thick-walled or very thick-walled fibres, which are short (<470 µm), and abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Rays are mainly observed in the tribes Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Hab- litzieae and Salsoleae, while many Chenopodiaceae are rayless. The Chenopodiaceae differ from the more tropical and subtropical Amaran- thaceae s.str. especially in their shorter libriform fibres and narrower vessels. Contrary to the accepted view that the subfamily Polycnemoideae lacks anomalous thickening, we found irregular successive cambia and included phloem. They are limited to long-lived roots and stem borne roots of perennials (Nitrophila mohavensis) and to a hemicryptophyte (Polycnemum fontanesii). The Chenopodiaceae often grow in extreme habitats, and this is reflected by their wood anatomy. Among the annual species, halophytes have narrower vessels than xeric species of steppes and prairies, and than species of nitrophile ruderal sites. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae s.l., included phloem, suc- cessive cambia, anomalous secondary thickening, vessel diameter, vessel element length, ecological adaptations, xerophytes, halophytes. INTRODUCTION The Chenopodiaceae in the order Caryophyllales include annual or perennial herbs, sub- shrubs, shrubs, small trees (Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda monoica) and climbers (Hablitzia, Holmbergia).
    [Show full text]
  • CWR Diversity: Assessing Different Data Sources
    USE OF AGROBIODIVERSITY INFORMATION IN GBIF AND OTHER DATABASES 28,29 and 30 June ‘17 Training course: Use of Agrobiodiversity information in GBIF and other databases Lisbon, 28 - 30 June 2017 Exercise 2: Characterizing CWR Diversity: Assessing Different Data Sources How to use this exercise and report template? 1. Please download this file from the link https://goo.gl/YDh5Ab as a Word docx file. ​ ​ 2. Suggestion: rename it as “Exercise_2_group#.docx” (replace # by the number/name of your group) 3. Fill in the responses in the Task sections of the file. How to deliver the results report 1. Create (if you haven’t done so) a folder for your group at the link https://goo.gl/DXQ3gi. ​ 2. Upload all the report files and attachments to the newly created folder. Name attachment files consistently as “Exercise_1_attachment#” 3. Upload result report of all your exercises to the same folder Introduction Crop wild relatives (CWR) are species that are found in natural ecosystems, which tend to contain greater genetic variation than crops because they have not passed through the genetic bottleneck of domestication (Maxted and Kell 2009). The contribution of CWR is growing and has largely been achieved through the donation of useful genes for pest and disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance (Ford-Lloyd et al. 2011). To establish the degree of crop relatedness, Harlan and de Wet (1971) established the concept of the “Gene Pool”, the closest relatives being found in the primary gene pool (GP1) and the more remote ones in the secondary gene pool (GP2), while the very remote ones pertain to the tertiary gene pool (GP3).
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda of the Sugar Beet CGC Meeting (In Conjunction with the ASSBT Meeting in Clearwater Beach, Florida Feb
    Agenda of the Sugar Beet CGC Meeting (in conjunction with the ASSBT Meeting in Clearwater Beach, Florida Feb. 23 - 26, 2015) Monday, February 23 B 8:00 to 12:00 noon in the Coral Room of the Hilton Resort Hotel 1. Membership Elections Members whose seat is up for election J. Mitchell McGrath Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Representative Larry G. Campbell Robert M. Harveson, Lee Panella SESVanderHave NV/SA Representative 2. Curator=s Report B Barbara Hellier 3. Collection Trips B Barbara Hellier • Discussion of planned Southern California collection trip B Barbara Hellier • Potential collection of sugarbeet CWR in Azerbaijan – Lee Panella 4. Project with Irwin Goldman on red beet accessions in the collection B Barbara Hellier 5. Update concerning the CGC Chairs Teleconference – Mitch McGrath • There is a full PowerPoint available at http://www.ars- grin.gov/npgs/cgc_reports/cgc2014chairs.pdf 6. Reminder to send seed from new releases to Pullman 7. Request for help in increasing sugarbeet germplasm in the collection 8. Should we develop at “core” of old ARS releases, and other improved germplasm in the NPGS? • With the project by Barbara Hellier and Irwin Goldman looking through the table beet accessions in our collection, there is an opportunity to develop core collections of the other groups. • Currently there is a core of sea beet accessions (Beta vulgaris subspecies maritima) and land race accessions of other cultivated beets. • However, there has been no attempt to organize the sugar beet releases and old open pollinated varieties, the fodder beets, or the Swiss chard in the collection. • Lee Panella, Mitch McGrath, Imad Eujayl, and Barbara Hellier volunteered to look into this at the last meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sugar Beet Crop Genepool
    The sugar beet crop genepool Sugar beet is one of the most important cash crops of European origin grown world-wide. Sugar beet and the closely related cultivar groups Leaf, Garden, and Fodder beet derive from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, called the sea beet. The sugar beet was developed from fodder beet around 1800. Since the beginning of large scaled sugar production, the crop has to be protected against a wide range of pests and diseases. Breeders realised the significance of crop wild relatives as a genetic resource already in the 1920s. Since then wild beets and landraces are increasingly used as donors of resistance genes and for broadening the genetic base of the sugar beet crop in general. Engaged breeding researchers and plant breeders started collecting germplasm already in the 1930s. The genepool (GP-1, GP-2, GP-3; figure below) consists of two genera (Beta, Patellifolia) and twelve species. The names of endangered species/ subspecies are printed in red letters. The genetic diversity of wild beet species is difficult to maintain off the natural distribution area. The conservation of wild species in their natural habitat (in situ) is therefore of utmost importance as it secures the genetic diversity required to replenish the sugar beet breeding pool. The maintenance of leaf, garden and fodder beet breeding programmes is of similar importance for the same reason. The distribution area of wild species ranges from the southern part of Norway southwards along the Atlantic coast including the UK, Ireland, the Azores and Beta nana is a mountainous species of the snow patch the Capverdian Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Leipzig Catalogue of Plants (LCVP) ‐ an Improved Taxonomic Reference List for All Known Vascular Plants
    Freiberg et al: The Leipzig Catalogue of Plants (LCVP) ‐ An improved taxonomic reference list for all known vascular plants Supplementary file 3: Literature used to compile LCVP ordered by plant families 1 Acanthaceae AROLLA, RAJENDER GOUD; CHERUKUPALLI, NEERAJA; KHAREEDU, VENKATESWARA RAO; VUDEM, DASHAVANTHA REDDY (2015): DNA barcoding and haplotyping in different Species of Andrographis. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 62, p. 91–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.08.001. BORG, AGNETA JULIA; MCDADE, LUCINDA A.; SCHÖNENBERGER, JÜRGEN (2008): Molecular Phylogenetics and morphological Evolution of Thunbergioideae (Acanthaceae). In: Taxon 57 (3), p. 811–822. DOI: 10.1002/tax.573012. CARINE, MARK A.; SCOTLAND, ROBERT W. (2002): Classification of Strobilanthinae (Acanthaceae): Trying to Classify the Unclassifiable? In: Taxon 51 (2), p. 259–279. DOI: 10.2307/1554926. CÔRTES, ANA LUIZA A.; DANIEL, THOMAS F.; RAPINI, ALESSANDRO (2016): Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Schaueria (Acanthaceae). In: Plant Systematics and Evolution 302 (7), p. 819–851. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-016-1301-y. CÔRTES, ANA LUIZA A.; RAPINI, ALESSANDRO; DANIEL, THOMAS F. (2015): The Tetramerium Lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae) does not support the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis for South American seasonally dry Forests. In: American Journal of Botany 102 (6), p. 992–1007. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400558. DANIEL, THOMAS F.; MCDADE, LUCINDA A. (2014): Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae): Revision of Genera and Catalog of Species. In: Aliso 32 (1), p. 1–45. DOI: 10.5642/aliso.20143201.02. EZCURRA, CECILIA (2002): El Género Justicia (Acanthaceae) en Sudamérica Austral. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89, p. 225–280. FISHER, AMANDA E.; MCDADE, LUCINDA A.; KIEL, CARRIE A.; KHOSHRAVESH, ROXANNE; JOHNSON, MELISSA A.; STATA, MATT ET AL.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Increase Protocol for Beta and Patellifolia Species
    1 Seed increase protocol for Beta and Patellifolia species Updated version of a protocol written in 1996 to support partners of the GENRES CT95 042 project Dr. L. Frese Julius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI) Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops Erwin-Baur-Str. 27 06484 Quedlinburg Germany With contributions from the IPK Genebank, Gatersleben, Germany and the USDA/ARS, Pullman, WA, USA Beta germplasm collections consist of rather different types of accessions. Whereas sugar, fodder and garden beet of Northwest European origin fit quite well into the usual seed production scheme of breeders, other germplasm is more difficult to handle. This seed-increase protocol summarizes our experiences with seed production in wild and cultivated Beta germplasm. Since climatic conditions and length of day as well as technical facilities may differ considerably from those at the location Braunschweig, the following descriptions should be taken as guidelines and not as a recommendation valid for all seed multiplication sites. If plants are grown in field isolations the use of herbicides may become necessary. According to our experience, 3-4 l/ha Betanal can be applied in wild beets. We do not recommend the application of Goltix. The term ‘flowering’ used in this text is defined as number of days from sowing to that date when about 10% of the plants have opened flowers. If flowering data have been recorded previously they are provided along with the passport data list of accessions to partners multiplying seed samples. At Braunschweig young plants are produced routinely during autumn, winter and early spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycle and Flowering Time Control in Beet
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Epsilon Open Archive Life Cycle and Flowering Time Control in Beet Pierre Albert Pin Faculty of Forest Science Umeå Plant Science Centre Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umeå Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå 2012 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2012:62 Cover: close-up view of developing flowers of a transgenic 35S::BvFT2 sugar beet plant. Biennial sugar beet plant (Beta vulgaris) overexpressing the Beta FLOWERING LOCUS T gene, BvFT2, succeeds to bolt and flower without vernalization requirement. (Photo: P. Pin) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 978-91-576-7709-9 © 2012 Pierre Pin, Umeå Print: Arkitektkopia, Umeå 2012 Life cycle and flowering time control in beet Abstract Flowering plants switch from vegetative growth to flowering at specific points in time. This biological process is triggered by the integration of endogenous stimuli and environmental cues such as changes in day length and temperature. The first sign of the flowering transition is sometimes marked by the formation and the elongation of the stem in a process known as “bolting” that precedes flower development. Flowering plants have developed different life cycles to ensure optimal reproductive success depending on their habitat. Annual species complete their life cycle in one year whereas biennial species typically fulfill their life cycle in two years and need to overwinter. Perennial species, which can exhibit long juvenile periods, typically flower for several years or even decades rather than just once. This thesis describes research in which sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Diversity, Rarity and the Evolution and Conservation of The
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo; Santos Guerra, Arnoldo; Guma, I. Rosana; Humphries, Christopher J.; Carine, Mark A. Diversity, rarity and the evolution and conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 65, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2008, pp. 25-45 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55665102 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 65(1): 25-45 enero-junio 2008 ISSN: 0211-1322 Diversity, rarity and the evolution and conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora by J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort1, Arnoldo Santos Guerra1, I. Rosana Guma1, Christopher J. Humphries2 & Mark A. Carine2,3 1 Unidad de Botánica Aplicada, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, c/ Retama n.º 2, 38400 Puerto de La Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 2 Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 3Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Resumen Reyes-Betancort, J.A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, I.R., Humphries, Reyes-Betancort, J.A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, R., Humphries, C.J. & Carine, M.A. 2008. Diversity, rarity and the evolution and C.J.
    [Show full text]