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Professional Practice in Paramedic, Emergency and Urgent Care Professional Practice in Paramedic, Emergency and Urgent Care Edited by Val Nixon Professional Practice in Paramedic, Emergency and Urgent Care Professional Practice in Paramedic, Emergency and Urgent Care Edited by Val Nixon MSc, BSc (Hons), RN (DipN) London Academic Group Lead for Adult Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Staffordshire University UK A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2013 C 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Professional practice in paramedic, emergency, and urgent care / edited by Val Nixon. p.;cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-65615-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-48818-8 (emobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-48822-5 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-118-48823-2 (epdf) I. Nixon, Val. [DNLM: 1. Emergency Medical Services–Great Britain. 2. Allied Health Personnel–Great Britain. 3. Ambulatory Care–Great Britain. 4. Clinical Competence–Great Britain. 5. Nurses–Great Britain. WX 215] 362.18–dc23 2012047810 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: C iStockphoto.com/PeskyMonkey Cover design by Sarah Dickinson Set in 9.5/12.5pt Palatino by Aptara® Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2013 Contents List of Contributors vi Introduction ix Acknowledgements xi 1 History Taking 1 Val Nixon 2 Consultation and Communication Skills 22 Karen Gubbins and Val Nixon 3 Clinical Decision Making 50 Jacqui Mason and Val Nixon 4 Evidence Based Practice 77 Louise Perkinton and Val Nixon 5 Reflection and Reflective Practice 107 Kay Norman and Val Nixon 6 Professional and Legal Issues 132 Karen Latcham 7 Anti-discriminatory Practice 154 Matt Capsey 8 Medicines Management 176 Lorna McInulty 9 Continuing Professional Development and Portfolio Development 203 Val Nixon Index 223 v List of Contributors Editor Val Nixon, MSc, BSc (Hons), RN (DipN) London, Registered Nurse Teaching (RNT) Val is a registered nurse and an Academic Group Leader for Adult Nurs- ing in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Staffordshire University. Her previ- ous role at Staffordshire University was a Principal Lecturer for Acute and Emergency Care which included paramedic education. Val started her ca- reer in Emergency Nursing and took up a variety of roles including Emer- gency Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Educator and in 2004 she moved into Higher Education to begin her teaching career at Staffordshire University. Val has an MSc in Professional Education, a BSc (Hons) in Nursing Studies and has recently commenced a PhD at Staffordshire University. Val has also worked for the West Midlands NHS Strategic Health Authority and Skills for Health to undertake several projects for the non-medical staff working in emergency and urgent care. This included roles, skills and competences against the national career framework and educational development needs. She is currently leading on a project to work towards developing a regional mentor framework for the West Midlands region in collaboration with the regional ambulance service and other universities who provide paramedic education in the West Midlands. Contributors Matt Capsey, BSc (Hons), PgC, MCPara Matt is a paramedic and Senior Lecturer in Paramedic Science at Teesside University having previously worked in practice in North Yorkshire. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology and Social Psychology, Postgrad- uate Certificate in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education and is completing a Master’s Degree in Paramedic Science at the University of Hertfordshire. He has previously represented the Northeast region on the national governing council of the College of Paramedics and chaired the regional group. vi List of Contributors vii Karen Gubbins, MSc, BSC, PgC, BSc (Hons), MCPara, FHEA Karen is a paramedic and a Senior Lecturer for paramedic programmes at Worcester University. Karen joined the ambulance service in 1996, and registered as a paramedic in 1998. She began her career in education within the ambulance service in 2002, and joined the University in 2007. She has a BSc in Applied Professional Studies, Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching and Learning and an MSc in Advanced Practice. Karen is currently a fellow member of the Higher Education Academy and has co-authored books on reflection. Karen Latcham, MA (Keele) Medical Ethics and Law, Cert Ed (FAHE), RODP Karen is a Senior Lecturer at Staffordshire University within Operating De- partment Practice education. Karen has worked within the perioperative environment in both NHS and independent sector since qualifying in 1991. She gained experience within the three areas of perioperative care, mentor- ing, assessment, clinical management and clinical effectiveness facilitation. She moved into full-time education in 2004 where she currently works as the Award Leader for the Operating Department Practice programme and manages and teaches several modules within the award. Karen has a Mas- ters in Medical Ethics and Law and her teaching interests are anaesthet- ics, recovery, medical law and ethics. She links closely with clinical place- ment areas and supports student operating department practitioners whilst in clinical placement. Karen is an active member of the Interprofessional Working Group and works with colleagues across the faculty of health that facilitates a programme of interprofessional education for students of all disciplines. Jacqui Mason, PGCHPE, MSc, Dip NLP, PRINCE II, BSc (Hons), Higher Award A&E, RGN, RMN Jacqui is a Senior Lecturer in Emergency Care at the Faculty of Health Sci- ences at Staffordshire University. Prior to joining the University, she has held a wide variety of clinical, managerial and teaching roles and is experi- enced in teaching different disciplines including postgraduate and under- graduate nurses, doctors and paramedics. In her current role, she works mainly with aspiring paramedics as the Award Leader for the Foundation Degree in Paramedic Science. Jacqui also leads on an Assessment and Man- agement of Minor Injuries Module and a Risk, Decision Making and Un- certainty Module; as well as teaching on a wide variety of undergraduate and postgraduate awards. She continues to work in clinical practice within
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