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ECBI0060.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍA EXPERIMENTAL YACHAY Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería TÍTULO: Sugarcane byproducts potential uses and vinasse as feedstock to generate bioenergy Trabajo de integración curricular presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de Ingeniero Biomédico Autor: Aldaz Luna Bryan Patricio Tutor: Ph.D. Santiago Vispo Nelson Urcuquí, agosto 2020 Urcuquí, 2 de diciembre de 2020 SECRETARÍA GENERAL ( Vicerrectorado Académico/Cancillería ) ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E INGENIERÍA CARRERA DE BIOMEDICINA ACTA DE DEFENSA No. UITEY-BIO-2020-00043-AD A los 2 días del mes de diciembre de 2020, a las 16:30 horas, de manera virtual mediante videoconferencia, y ante el Tribunal Calificador, integrado por los docentes: Presidente Tribunal de Defensa Dra. SPENCER VALERO, LILIAN MARITZA , Ph.D. Miembro No Tutor Dra. RODRIGUEZ CABRERA, HORTENSIA MARIA , Ph.D. Tutor Dr. SANTIAGO VISPO, NELSON FRANCISCO , Ph.D. El(la) señor(ita) estudiante ALDAZ LUNA, BRYAN PATRICIO, con cédula de identidad No. 0704398759, de la ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E INGENIERÍA, de la Carrera de BIOMEDICINA, aprobada por el Consejo de Educación Superior (CES), mediante Resolución RPC-SO-43-No.496-2014, realiza a través de videoconferencia, la sustentación de su trabajo de titulación denominado: SUGARCANE BYPRODUCTS POTENTIAL USES AND VINASSE AS FEEDSTOCK TO GENERATE BIOENERGY, previa a la obtención del título de INGENIERO/A BIOMÉDICO/A. El citado trabajo de titulación, fue debidamente aprobado por el(los) docente(s): Tutor Dr. SANTIAGO VISPO, NELSON FRANCISCO , Ph.D. Y recibió las observaciones de los otros miembros del Tribunal Calificador, las mismas que han sido incorporadas por el(la) estudiante. Previamente cumplidos los requisitos legales y reglamentarios, el trabajo de titulación fue sustentado por el(la) estudiante y examinado por los miembros del Tribunal Calificador. Escuchada la sustentación del trabajo de titulación a través de videoconferencia, que integró la exposición de el(la) estudiante sobre el contenido de la misma y las preguntas formuladas por los miembros del Tribunal, se califica la sustentación del trabajo de titulación con las siguientes calificaciones: Tipo Docente Calificación Presidente Tribunal De Defensa Dra. SPENCER VALERO, LILIAN MARITZA , Ph.D. 10 , 0 Miembro Tribunal De Defensa Dra. RODRIGUEZ CABRERA, HORTENSIA MARIA , Ph.D. 10 , 0 Tutor Dr. SANTIAGO VISPO, NELSON FRANCISCO , Ph.D. 10 , 0 Lo que da un promedio de: 10 (Diez punto Cero), sobre 10 (diez), equivalente a: APROBADO II Para constancia de lo actuado, firman los miembros del Tribunal Calificador, el/la estudiante y el/la secretario ad-hoc. Certifico que en cumplimiento del Decreto Ejecutivo 1017 de 16 de marzo de 2020, la defensa de trabajo de titulación (o examen de grado modalidad teórico práctica) se realizó vía virtual, por lo que las firmas de los miembros del Tribunal de Defensa de Grado, constan en forma digital. ALDAZ LUNA, BRYAN PATRICIO Estudiante Dra. SPENCER VALERO, LILIAN MARITZA , Ph.D. Presidente Tribunal de Defensa Hacienda San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí | Tlf: +593 6 2 999 500 | [email protected] www.yachaytech.edu.ec Dr. SANTIAGO VISPO, NELSON FRANCISCO , Ph.D. Tutor Dra. RODRIGUEZ CABRERA, HORTENSIA MARIA , Ph.D. Miembro No Tutor ALARCON FELIX, KARLA ESTEFANIA Secretario Ad-hoc III IV V DEDICATORIA Quisiera dedicar este trabajo final a mis padres, por todo el apoyo brindado a lo largo de estos cinco años en Yachay Tech. A todos mis amigos que hicieron de la universidad mi segundo hogar y un lugar mejor, Cristhian, Demetrio, Freddy, Hector, Isaac, Luis, Sebastian, David, Milena, Maria Fernanda, Maria Daniela, y Fernanda. A mis amigos con lo que no perdi contacto y estuvieron apoyándome a la distancia, Axel, Debbie, Victor, Michael, Andres y Paul. Un pedazo de este trabajo es de todos ustedes. VI AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera agradecer a todos mis profesores en Yachay Tech. Desde que inicié mi etapa universitaria ustedes aportaron de la mejor manera a mi formación profesional y personal. Gracias por todos los consejos, enseñanzas, lecciones y regaños que me dieron en estos últimos años. Especialmente, muchas gracias a mi tutor Nelson Santiago Vispo y a mi profesor Carlos Esteban Pazmiño por su ayuda y mentoría a lo largo de este trabajo. VII Resumen Hoy en día, los ingenios azucareros usan la caña de azúcar y su jugo para obtener productos como la azúcar de mesa, miel y etanol. A lo largo de los diferentes procesos de obtención, muchos desperdicios se producen impactando negativamente a suelos y ríos. Los principales desechos de la industria azucarera son el bagazo, la paja, la cachaza y la vinaza. Gracias a los avances en procesos biotecnológicos, de la mano de la biorefinería, estos desechos pueden ser vistos y tratados como subproductos dándoles un valor agregado y produciendo energía, por ejemplo biogás, la cual puede ser aprovechada económicamente. Al mismo tiempo, el aprovechamiento de estos subproductos ayuda a mitigar el impacto negativo al medioambiente. En específico, la vinaza es el principal subproducto líquido de la fermentación del jugo de la caña de azúcar para producir etanol. En Ecuador, aproximadamente 1.000.000 m3 de vinaza son producidos anualmente generando una gran cantidad de desperdicios. Sin embargo, esta enorme cantidad de vinaza puede ser vista como materia prima para obtener biogás. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se reportan los resultados obtenidos de la simulación de un modelo simplificado de digestión anaerobia, basado en BNRM No. 2 por sus siglas en inglés para Biological Nutrient Removal Model, de la vinaza para producir metano y posteriormente biogás en un reactor tipo Batch. La concentración de metano fue de 22,9931.72 mg/L y la remoción de la carga orgánica fue del 99.96 % en 0.66 días de proceso. Con estos resultados, se pueden obtener aproximadamente 10,416.65 kg de metano lo cual se traduce en 103,056.75 kW.h y a la vez como $10,233.54. Palabras clave: Caña de azúcar, subproductos, vinaza, bioenergía, biogás. VIII Abstract Around the world, the sugarcane industries are obtaining products such as table sugar, honey, and ethanol. At the same time, these industries are generating many wastes that impact negatively on soils and rivers. Bagasse, straw, cachaça, and vinasse are the primary wastes of the sugar industry. With the proper biotechnological processes, hand in hand with the biorefinery, these wastes can be seen and treated as byproducts giving them an added value producing bioenergy that can be economically exploited. Furthermore, the use of these byproducts helps to mitigate the negative impact on the environment. Specifically, vinasse is the main liquid subproduct of the fermentation of sugarcane juice to produce ethanol. In Ecuador, approximately 1,000,000 m3 of vinasse are produced per year, generating a large amount of waste. Vinasse can be seen as a raw material for producing biogas. In this thesis, the results obtained from the simulation of a simplified model, based on Biological Nutrient Removal Model 2 (BNRM No.2), for anaerobic digestion of vinasse to produce methane and later biogas in a batch reactor are reported. Methane concentration was 22,931.72 mg/L, with 99.96% of organic matter degradation in 0.66 days of the process. With these results, 10,416.65 kg of methane can be attained, which translates into 103,056.75 kWh, which means a profit of $ 10,233.54. Keywords: Sugarcane, byproducts, vinasse, bioenergy, biogas. IX Content Resumen................................................................................................................................... VIII Abstract .......................................................................................................................................IX List of Figures ............................................................................................................................XII List of Tables ............................................................................................................................XIII List of Annexes .........................................................................................................................XIII 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Hypothesis .............................................................................................................................4 2.2. General Objective .............................................................................................................4 2.3. Specific Objectives ...........................................................................................................4 Chapter 3 ......................................................................................................................................6 3. Sugar Industry Feedstock .....................................................................................................6 3.1. Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum) ...............................................................................6 3.2. Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw ..........................................................................................8 3.3. Filter Cake (Cachaça) and Honey .....................................................................................9
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