DOCSLIB.ORG

Health and Condition of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers Relative to Water Quality and Fish Assemblages In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Health and Condition of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers Relative to Water Quality and Fish Assemblages In Health and Condition of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers Relative to Water Quality and Fish Assemblages in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California Open-File Report 2015–1217 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Health and Condition of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers Relative to Water Quality and Fish Assemblages in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California By Summer M. Burdick, Diane G. Elliott, Carl O. Ostberg, Carla M. Conway, Amari Dolan-Caret, Marshal S. Hoy, Kevin P. Feltz, and Kathy R. Echols Open-File Report 2015-1217 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747). For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/. To order USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Burdick, S.M., Elliott, D.G., Ostberg, C.O., Conway, C.M., Dolan-Caret, A., Hoy, M.S., Feltz, K.P., and Echols, K.R., 2015, Health and condition of endangered juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers relative to water quality and fish assemblages in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1217, 56 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151217. ISSN 2331-1258 (online) Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Description of Study Area ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Methods .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 11 Ammonia and Microcystin Sampling and Analysis ................................................................................................ 11 Fish Capture and Processing ................................................................................................................................ 13 Species Identification ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Triglyceride Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 16 Growth and Condition Assessment ....................................................................................................................... 17 Histopathology ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 Analysis of Unbound Microcystin in Fish Tissue ................................................................................................... 18 Results ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring Data ........................................................................................................... 19 Ammonia ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Microcystin Concentrations in Water ..................................................................................................................... 22 Fish Assemblages ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Sucker Catch Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Species Identification ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Sucker Ages .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Triglyceride Content .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Sucker Length and Apparent Growth .................................................................................................................... 31 Results of 2014 Field Examinations ...................................................................................................................... 35 Histopathology ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 Unbound Microcystin ............................................................................................................................................. 39 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................ 43 Survival and Apparent Growth of Lost River and Shortnose Suckers ................................................................... 43 Fish Health and Condition ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Fish Assemblages ................................................................................................................................................. 48 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 49 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 50 Figures Figure 1. Map of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon ....................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2. Map of Clear Lake Reservoir (Clear Lake), California ............................................................................. 10 Figure 3. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Clear Lake Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey site number 415007121102001), California, and at the lower mid-north site (U.S. Geological Survey site number 422622122004000) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, during sucker sampling periods, 2013–14 ........................... 20 iii Figure 4. Values of pH in Clear Lake Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey site number 415007121102001), California, and at the lower mid-north site (U.S. Geological Survey site number 422622122004000) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, during sucker sampling periods, 2013–14 ............................................................... 21 Figure 5. Water temperature (in degrees Celsius) in Clear Lake Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey site number 415007121102001), California, and at the lower mid-north site (U.S. Geological Survey site number 422622122004000) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, during sucker sampling periods, 2013–2014 .......... 21 Figure 6. Un-ionized ammonia concentrations at Fish Banks and lower mid-north (U.S. Geological Survey site number 422622122004000) sites in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and in Clear Lake Reservoir, California (U.S. Geological Survey site number 415007121102001), during sucker sampling seasons, 2013–14 .................. 22 Figure 7. Concentrations of microcystin at Fish Banks and lower mid-north (U.S. Geological Survey site number 422622122004000) sites in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, during sucker sampling seasons, 2014. ......... 23 Figure 8. Catch rates and timing of age-0 sucker captures along Fish Banks in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2013–14 ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 9. Catch rates and timing of sucker captures (ages combined) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2013–14 .................................................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 10. Probability of genetic assignment as Lost River sucker by individual fish collected in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TO: Jeff Nettleton, Area Manager, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 6600 Washburn Way Klamath Falls, OR 97603-9365 Gene R. Souza
    TO: Jeff Nettleton, Area Manager, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 6600 Washburn Way Klamath Falls, OR 97603-9365 Gene R. Souza, Klamath Irrigation District 6640 KID Lane Klamath Falls, OR 97603 John Sample, PacifiCorp 823 NE Multnomah Street, Suite 2000 Portland, OR 97232 Cc: Michael Gheleta Nathan Reitmann FROM: Thomas M. Byler, Director Oregon Water Resources Department DATE: April 16, 2020 NOTIFICATION OF DISPUTE AND INVESTIGATION IN AID OF DISTRIBUTION You are hereby NOTIFIED of a petition by the Klamath Irrigation District (“KID”) for an order from the Oregon Water Resources Department (“Department” or “OWRD”) to immediately take exclusive charge of the Upper Klamath Lake (“UKL”) reservoir to “ensure that stored water is not released out of UKL reservoir through the Link River Dam except to meet the needs of secondary water right holders calling upon the source until the irrigation season ends on October 31, 2020.” You are hereby NOTIFIED that a dispute exists as provided in Oregon Revised Statutes (“ORS”) 540.210. Jeff Nettleton, USBOR Gene R. Souza, KID John, Sample, Pacificorp April 16, 2020 Page 2 NOW THEREFORE, the Department commences this investigation in aid of distribution and division of water according to the relative and respective rights of the various users from the UKL. AUTHORITIES A. Distribution of Water from Irrigation Ditches and Reservoirs “Whenever any water users from any ditch or reservoir either among themselves or with the owner thereof, are unable to agree relative to the distribution or division of water through
    [Show full text]
  • Water Allocation in the Klamath Reclamation Project (Oregon State
    Oregon State University Extension Service Special Report 1037 December 2002 Water Allocation in the Klamath Reclamation Project, 2001: An Assessment of Natural Resource, Economic, Social, and Institutional Issues with a Focus on the Upper Klamath Basin William S. Braunworth, Jr. Assistant Extension Agriculture Program Leader Oregon State University Teresa Welch Publications Editor Oregon State University Ron Hathaway Extension agriculture faculty, Klamath County Oregon State University Authors William Boggess, department head, Department of William K. Jaeger, associate professor of agricul- Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon tural and resource economics and Extension State University agricultural and resource policy specialist, Oregon State University William S. Braunworth, Jr., assistant Extension agricultural program leader, Oregon State Robert L. Jarvis, professor of fisheries and University wildlife, Oregon State University Susan Burke, researcher, Department of Agricul- Denise Lach, codirector, Center for Water and tural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Environmental Sustainability, Oregon State University University Harry L. Carlson, superintendent/farm advisor, Kerry Locke, Extension agriculture faculty, University of California Intermountain Research Klamath County, Oregon State University and Extension Center Jeff Manning, graduate student, Department of Patty Case, Extension family and community Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University development faculty, Klamath County, Oregon Reed Marbut, Oregon Water Resources
    [Show full text]
  • November 29-30, 1994 in Klamath Falls
    United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDUFK SERVICE Klamath River Fishery Resource Office P.O. Box 1006 Vreka, CA 96097-1006 (916) 842-5763 FAX (916) 842-4517 January 25, 1995 Memorandum TO: Klamath Fishery Task Force and Technical Work Group Members FROM: Project Leader, Klamath River FRO Yreka, California SUBJECT: Minutes of the Klamath Task Force meeting November 29-30, 1994 in Klamath Falls Enclosed are the draft minutes from the November 29-30, 1994 meeting in Klarcsth Falls. Note that we have attached a hardout you have not seen (Handout U) on California Department of Fish and Game's roegatable. Please review these draft minutes and get back to us with your comments by February 10, 1995. Ronald A. Iverson Attachment *fT Draft Minutes River Basin Fisheries Task Force November 29-30, 1994 Klamath Falls, Oregon November 29 1. Convene meeting. At 8:00 AM the meeting was convened by Chairman Bill Shake with a quorum of members and alternates present (Attachment 1). Shake welcomed the Task Force (TF), announced that meetings are open to the public, encouraged public input into the TF process, and reminded everyone of the purpose of the TF under the Klamath Restoration Act. The TF members introduced themselves. 2. Discussion/adoption of Agenda and Past Minutes^ Additions to agenda: Kent Bulfinch's clarified that Agenda Item 18 is about the developing the capability of drawing from storage at Iron Gate and Copco to alleviate quantity, quality, and timing problems of flow downstream of Iron Gate. Tom Stokely asked to add item requesting TF support/ endorsement for Trinity County's request to the Babbitt to make available 50,000 acre feet (AF) under the 1955 Trinity River Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Tulelake Subbasin Groundwater Core Team
    TULELAKE SUBBASIN GROUNDWATER CORE TEAM CORE TEAM MEMBERS Kraig Beasly Gary Wright, Tulelake Irrigation District Chairperson Kraig Beasly, Tulelake Irrigation District Henry Ebinger, City of Tulelake Tiffany Martinez Clerk of the Core Team Matt Parker , Siskiyou County Tiffany Martinez, Modoc County Tulelake City Hall 591 Main Street, Tulelake, CA 96134 (530) 667-2249 AGENDA FOR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 2021 1:00 PM Alternate Meeting Locations: 204 South Court Street, Alturas, CA 96101 Pursuant to California Governor Gavin Newsom’s Executive Order N-25-20 & N-29-20 issued on March 12, 2020 and March 17, 2020, relating to the convening of public meetings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tulelake Sub Basin Core Team will be enacting social distancing procedures for the Tulelake Sub Basin Core Team Meetings to members of the public and staff. Additionally, members of the Tulelake Sub Basin Core Team are allowed to attend the meeting via teleconference and to participate in the meeting to the same extent as if they were present. To protect the public, staff, and members of the Tulelake Sub Basin Core Team, members of the public are encouraged to participate in the Core Team meetings in the following ways: Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89927653957?pwd=S3JRaExmeXlwS2xBejVNR1Q0aDN6dz09 Meeting ID: 899 2765 3957 Passcode: 149882 One tap mobile 1-669-900-9128,,89927653957#,,,,*149882# US (San Jose) Public comments can also be e-mailed to [email protected] by 5:00 p.m. on February 16, 2021 to be entered into the record. Page 1 of 3 AGENDA FOR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 2021 The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) established a new structure for managing California’s groundwater resources at a local level by local agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Klamath and Lost River Subbasins TMDL and Water Quality Management Plan
    Upper Klamath and Lost River Subbasins TMDL and Water Quality Management Plan April 2017 TMDL Program 700 NE Multnomah St. Suite 600 Portland, OR 97232 Phone: 541-273-7002 Contact: Mike Hiatt www.oregon.gov/DEQ DEQ is a leader in restoring, maintaining and enhancing the quality of Oregon’s air, land and water. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality This report prepared by: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 700 NE Multnomah St, Suite 600 Portland, OR 97232 541-273-7002 www.oregon.gov/deq Contact: Mike Hiatt [email protected] Documents can be provided upon request in an alternate format for individuals with disabilities or in a language other than English for people with limited English skills. To request a document in another format or language, call DEQ in Portland at 503-229-5696, or toll-free in Oregon at 1-800-452-4011, ext. 5696; or email [email protected]. State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality ii Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................................... 1 Klamath River TMDLs................................................................................................................................ 2 Lost River TMDLs ...................................................................................................................................... 2 TMDL Summaries .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Swan Lake North Pumped Storage Project FEIS
    FERC/EIS-0282 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR HYDROPOWER LICENSE Swan Lake North Pumped Storage Project—FERC Project No. 13318-003 Oregon Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Office of Energy Projects Division of Hydropower Licensing 888 First Street, NE Washington, D.C. 20426 January 2019 FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20426 OFFICE OF ENERGY PROJECTS To the Agency or Individual Addressed: Reference: Final Environmental Impact Statement Attached is the final environmental impact statement (final EIS) for the proposed Swan Lake North Pumped Storage Project (No. 13318-003), that would be located about 11 miles northeast of Klamath Falls in Klamath County, Oregon. This final EIS documents the view of governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, affected Indian tribes, the public, the license applicant, and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) staff. It contains staff evaluations of the applicant’s proposal and alternatives for licensing the project. Before the Commission makes a licensing decision, it will take into account all concerns relevant to the public interest. The final EIS will be part of the record from which the Commission will make its decision. The final EIS was sent to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and made available to the public on or about January 25, 2019. Copies of the final EIS are available for review in the Commission’s Public Reference Branch, Room 2A, located at 888 First Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20426. The final EIS also may be viewed on the Internet at www.ferc.go v/docs- filing/elibrary.asp. Please call (202) 502-8222 for assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Klamath, Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Upper Klamath, and Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuges
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lower Klamath, Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Upper Klamath, and Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuges Record of Decision for the Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan/ Environmental Impact Statement National Wildlife Refuge System Mission To administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento, CA 95825 January 2017 Record of Decision Introduction We, the United States Department of the Interior (DOI), Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) have prepared this Record of Decision (ROD) for the Lower Klamath, Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Upper Klamath, and Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuges (Refuge Complex) final comprehensive conservation plan/environmental impact statement (CCP/EIS). The Refuge Complex is located in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties, California, and Klamath County, Oregon. This ROD has been prepared in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), as amended. We used the final CCP/EIS (Service 2016) and the intra-Service section 7 consultation (Service 2017) to prepare the ROD. Both of these documents are incorporated by reference (40 United States Code [USC] 1502.21). The final CCP/EIS for the Refuge Complex has been prepared pursuant to the NEPA, and the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (NWRS Administration Act), as amended ( 16 USC § 668dd), and Part 602 (National Wildlife Refuge System Planning) of the Fish and Wildlife Service Manual.
    [Show full text]
  • E4.0 FISH RESOURCES This Chapter of the Klamath Hydroelectric Project
    E4.0 FISH RESOURCES This chapter of the Klamath Hydroelectric Project (Project) (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [FERC] Project No. 2082) Exhibit E provides a report on the fish resources potentially affected by the Project as stipulated in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations: Title 18 Section 4.51(f)(3). The report must discuss fish, wildlife, and botanical resources in the vicinity of the Project and the impact of the Project on those resources. The report must be prepared in consultation with any state agency with responsibility for fish, wildlife, and botanical resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service (if the Project may affect anadromous fish resources subject to that agency’s jurisdiction), and any other state or federal agency with managerial authority over any part of the Project lands. Consultation must be documented by appending to the report a letter from each agency consulted that indicates the nature, extent, and results of the consultation. The report must include: (i) A description of the fish, wildlife, and botanical resources of the project and its vicinity, and of downstream areas affected by the project, including identification of any species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (See 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12) (ii) A description of any measures or facilities recommended by the agencies consulted for the mitigation of impacts on fish, wildlife, and botanical resources, or for the protection or improvement of those resources (iii) A statement
    [Show full text]
  • Klamath Project 2021 Annual Operations Plan
    2021 Annual Operations Plan Klamath Project, Oregon-California Interior Region 10, California-Great Basin U.S. Department of the Interior April 2021 Mission Statements The Department of the Interior (DOI) conserves and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage for the benefit and enjoyment of the American people, provides scientific and other information about natural resources and natural hazards to address societal challenges and create opportunities for the American people, and honors the Nation’s trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities to help them prosper. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Introduction The Klamath Project (Project) delivers water for irrigation and related purposes to approximately 230,000 acres in southern Oregon and northern California. This 2021 Operations Plan (Plan) describes Project operations that are anticipated to occur between April 15 and September 30, 2021 (as further described below), based upon current and projected hydrologic conditions. This Plan necessarily reflects and accounts for the current extreme drought conditions afflicting the Klamath Basin. Inflows to the Project’s reservoirs are among the lowest on record, and these extraordinary conditions compel Reclamation to take exceptional measures in operating the Project this year. Specifically,
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrences of the Lost River Sucker, Deltistes Luxatus (Cope), and Shortnose Sucker, Chasmistes Brevirostris Cope, in Northern California'
    • REPRINT FROM Calif. Fish and Game, 51 (2 ) : 68-73. 1965. OCCURRENCES OF THE LOST RIVER SUCKER, DELTISTES LUXATUS (COPE), AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER, CHASMISTES BREVIROSTRIS COPE, IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA' MILLARD COOTS Inland Fisheries, Region 1 California Department of Fish and Game The Lost River sucker and the shortnose sucker are added to the fresh- water fish fauna of California. Their distribution, a brief discussion of habits, and meristic data are included. Recent captures of the Lost River sucker and the shortnose sucker represent additions to the freshwater fish fauna of California (Shapo- valov, Dill, and Cordone, 1959). The ranges of these suckers (family Catostomidae) previously were given as the Klamath Lakes drainage in Oregon (Schultz, 1936; Eddy, 1957). Gilbert (1898) stated that Del- tistes apparently were resident during most of the year in the deeper waters of Upper Klamath Lake and Tule Lakes (Figure 1). On May 15, 1955, Ned Dollahite, California Department of Fish and Game, collected a mature shortnose sucker from Boles Creek, Modoc County, near Steele Swamp Ranch. I saw additional specimens in the same vicinity on May 10, 1960, which were swimming upstream in an apparent spawning migration. Boles Creek is an intermittent tribu- tary of Willow Creek, the principal stream entering Clear Lake Reser- voir. Lost River originates from Clear Lake Reservoir, flows northward into Oregon, eventually re-enters California, and discharges into Tule Lake, its natural terminus. Lost River is now connected to the Klamath River by the Lost River Diversion Canal. Specimens of the shortnose and Lost River suckers were first collected from Copco Lake, Siskiyou County, on November 20, 1956.
    [Show full text]
  • News Release
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Klamath Falls FWO 1936 California Avenue News Klamath Falls, Oregon 97601 Phone: (541) 885-8481 Fax: (541) 885-7837 http://www.fws.gov/klamathfallsfwo/ Release For Immediate Release Contact: Laurie Sada (541) 885-8481 April 15, 2013 Matt Baun (530) 841-3119 RECOVERY PLAN FOR LOST RIVER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKERS AVAILABLE Klamath Falls, Ore., —The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today announced the release of a final revised recovery plan for the endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers, two native fish species that live in the Klamath Basin of Southern Oregon and Northern California. This updated recovery plan replaces one first published in 1993 and it is available at www.fws.gov/KlamathFallsFWO. Recovery plans are guidance documents required by the Endangered Species Act for all listed species. While recovery plans do not have a regulatory purpose, they are an important tool to ensure sound scientific and logistical decision making throughout the recovery process. “The ultimate goal of the recovery program for Lost River and shortnose suckers is to implement actions that will lead to the recovery of these species so that Endangered Species Act protection is no longer necessary,” said Laurie Sada, field supervisor of the Service’s Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office. “The final revised recovery plan outlines strategies to reduce Lost River and shortnose sucker mortality, restore habitat, increase connectivity between spawning and rearing habitats, and improve water quality.” The recovery plan states that if actions are successfully implemented, then Lost River and shortnose suckers could recover in five to seven generations, or roughly 30 to 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Lost River and Shortnose Sucker
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Lost River & Shortnose Sucker (DelƟstes luxatus & Chasmistes brevirostris) Both the Lost River sucker (C’waam) Historical InformaƟon: Early records Because suckers were historically very and shortnose sucker (Qapdo) are indicate these fish were once wide- abundant, they were a major food large, long-lived freshwater fish found spread and abundant in the upper Kla- source for the Klamath and Modoc In- exclusively in the Klamath Basin. Both math Basin of Oregon and California. dians and local selers in the late fish were once a valuable source of This area historically contained over 1800's. Canneries were established food and oil and are considered sacred 350,000 acres of wet-lands and flood- along the Lost River to process suckers by the Basin’s Nave American tribes. plains. These areas protected sucker into oil, dried fish, and other products. These fish were federally listed as en- habitat by controlling erosion, recy- dangered in 1988. A recovery plan was cling organic and inorganic nutrients, published in 1993. and maintaining water quality. Agricultural development and associat- decline, it is believed that the com- through the degradaon of suitable ed water and land use changes in the bined effects of the construcon of breeding habitat. basin have contributed to the signifi- dams, the draining or dredging of At the me the suckers were listed as cant loss of wetland habitat and a sig- lakes, and other alteraons of natural endangered, it was noted that there nificant decline in sucker populaons. stream flow have reduced the repro- had been no significant addion of Although overharvesng and polluon ducve success of shortnose and Lost young into the populaon in 18 years.
    [Show full text]