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A Guide for Project Developers, Donors and Investors

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A Guide for Project Developers, Donors and Investors INCREASING SUCCESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION INVESTMENTS A GUIDE FOR PROJECT DEVELOPERS, DONORS AND INVESTORS Raphaëlle Flint, Dorothée Herr, Francis Vorhies and James Roland Smith An initiative by: Raphaëlle Flint, Dorothée Herr, Francis Vorhies and James Roland Smith INCREASING SUCCESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION INVESTMENTS A GUIDE FOR PROJECT DEVELOPERS, DONORS AND INVESTORS Flint, R., D. Herr, F. Vorhies and J. R. Smith 2018. Increasing success and effectiveness of mangrove conservation investments: A guide for project developers, donors and investors. IUCN, Geneva, Switzerland, and WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany. (106) pp. ISBN: 978-3-946211-26-6 Design and layout by Imre Sebestyén/UNITgraphics.com and editing by Mark Schulman. This publication is part of the “Save Our Mangroves Now!” initiative’s work to close existing knowledge gaps concerning mangrove protection. It has been produced with the financial support of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of “Save Our Mangroves Now!” and can in no way be taken to represent the views of BMZ. Photo credits Cover page:Panoramic aerial view of the Phang Nga bay with mangrove forests in the Andaman sea, Thailand © Thaisign/Shutterstock.com Page 11: Mangroves are home to a wide range of invertebrates like these fiddler crabs between mangrove roots © naturepl.com /Tim Laman/WWF Page 17: Juvenile fish use mangrove roots as shelter in the Caribbean © Damsea/Shutterstock.com Page 20: Young women in remote village of Uzi, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania © Anca Dumitrache/Shutterstock.com Page 21: Local communities have a long history of uses for mangrove forests © James Morgan/WWF-US Page 30: Rangers planning a patrol in a mangrove forest © Jason Rubens/WWF Page 41: Fijian mangroves © R.Flint/IUCN Page 47: Valuable infrastructure like skyscrapers on Al Reem Island in Abu Dhabi are protected by mangroves © Kirill Neiezhmakov/Shutterstock.com Page 48: Eco-tourism provides a valuable source of income to local communities the Mekong Delta in An Giang, Vietnam © Thoai/Shutterstock.com Page 49: Aerial view of shrimp farm © xfilephotos/Shutterstock.com Page 59: Mangroves harbour fish nurseries and other biodiversity, Caribbean sea © Damsea/Shutterstock.com Page 60: Indigenous tribes value mangroves for their cultural value as well as their resources, Papua New Guinea, Tufi © Tetyana Dotsenko/Shutterstock.com Page 61: Harvested raw mangrove clam © Lano Lan/Shutterstock.com Page 69: Locals plant young mangroves tree in deep mud © iMoved Studio/Shutterstock.com Page 74: The mangrove trees and their roots reduce coastal erosion © Mc_Mon/Shutterstock.com Page 76: Community ownership in mangrove conservation is critical to success © Jürgen Freund/WWF Page 82: Kenya’s Mikoko Pamoja community survey © Mikoko Pamoja project team Page 96: Women from the Manambolo-Tsiribihina project in Madagascar in mangrove management © Tony Rakoto Page 102: Mangroves and Markets project with mangrove trees lining the organic shrimp pond banks in Viet Nam’s © Kim Cuong/IUCN Page 103: Shrimp farmers sorting organic shrimp for export to European supermarkets in the mangroves and markets project, Viet Nam © Kim Cuong/IUCN Page 104: Mangrove trees grow in unique coastal zones © photomelia.com (CC0 1.0) Page 106: Mangrove forests play a vital role in tropical areas worldwide © Ethan Daniels/Shutterstock.com Back cover: Bansamchong fishing village in Phang Nga province. Andaman sea © Take Photo/Shutterstock.com Printed on 100% recycled paper. ABOUT THE SAVE OUR MANGROVES NOW! INITIATIVE The German Federal Ministry for Economic decision makers about the importance of Cooperation and Development (BMZ), World mangrove conservation as part of the global Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and International conservation, sustainable development and Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) join climate solutions. forces in the international mangrove initiative “Save Our Mangroves Now!” to halt the global 2. Pooling leading expertise, enhancing loss of mangroves. knowledge-sharing and closing existing knowledge gaps on mangrove conservation “Save Our Mangroves Now!” is a joint and restoration. commitment of the above named partners to intensify efforts in mangrove conservation. It 3. Supporting innovative lighthouse projects, aims to upscale and focus global efforts to stop fostering the dissemination of best and reverse the decrease and degradation of practices and mainstreaming of mangrove mangrove habitats, and supports the target of the conservation into national development Global Mangrove Alliance (GMA) to increase the plans in the Western Indian Ocean. global area of mangrove habitat by 20% over the current extent by 2030. “Save Our Mangroves Now!” is open for partnerships with countries, other initiatives and Backed by BMZ’s strong bilateral portfolio organizations in order to increase the momentum and building on IUCN’s and WWF’s wide for mangrove conservation. engagement and sound experience in mangrove conservation, this initiative has the ambition to create a variety of partnerships and cooperation with other mangrove organizations, initiatives and countries. “Save Our Mangroves Now!” – together with the GMA, provides a platform for knowledge sharing and the exchange of experience in order to encourage collaborations and to foster synergies. “Save Our Mangroves Now!” acts on three fields of action: 1. Embedding ambitious objectives on mangrove protection and restoration in international and national political agendas such as the Sustainable Development Goals, the Aichi targets and the Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement increasing awareness among INCREASING SUCCESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION INVESTMENTS: A GUIDE FOR PROJECT DEVELOPERS, DONORS AND INVESTORS 5 CONTENTS Acknowledgements. .8 Abbreviations. 9 Executive summary . 10 1. Introduction. .12 1.1. The content: Topics and scope to be addressed by this guide. .14 1.2. The rationale: Why this guide is needed. .15 1.3. The methodology. 18 2. The business case for mangroves: Why invest in mangroves?. 22 2.1. An overview: Ecosystem services provided by mangroves . 23 2.2. Climate change adaptation benefits and potential revenue streams. 23 2.3. Climate change mitigation benefits and potential revenue streams. 25 2.4. Other ecosystem service benefits and potential revenue streams. 26 2.5. Mangroves as a cross-cutting asset to achieve multiple SDGs. 28 2.6. Threats to mangroves and their valuable assets . 29 3. Case studies: Providing snapshots from the field. 30 4. Successes and challenges: What tipped the balance?. 36 4.1. What activities need priority investment in order to produce a successful and cost-effective mangrove conservation project?. 40 5. Investments in mangrove conservation – Outlining the playing field . 42 5.1. Mangrove investments and their focus through history. 43 5.2. Agents for change: An overview of funding and finance in and around mangrove conservation. 44 6. Potential, risks and needs: Mangrove investments in rapidly changing environments . 50 6.1. Engaging in innovative partnerships and new business models. .51 6.2. Reducing investment, environmental and social risks of mangrove projects – Recognizing key requirements . 55 7. Conclusions. 60 Bibliography . 62 Annex 1. Guiding questions and topics in case study interviews . 69 Annex 2. Factors leading to successes and challenges in mangrove conservation . 70 Supplementary documentation. Case studies of mangrove projects from Kenya, Madagascar and Viet Nam . 76 INCREASING SUCCESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION INVESTMENTS: 6 A GUIDE FOR PROJECT DEVELOPERS, DONORS AND INVESTORS BOXES, FIGURES AND TABLES Box 1. Terminology . 12 Box 2. Mangrove conservation in the context of national laws, regulations and policies . 15 Box 3. Lack of data available for mangrove and other coastal ecosystems . 18 Box 4. Good intentions, wrong execution . 42 Box 5. Benefits of blue carbon conservation . 45 Box 6. Livelihoods Fund: Senegal. 48 Box 7. Blue Solutions: Examples of revenue generation or grant funding in mangrove projects . 50 Box 8. Insurance interest in ecosystem restoration . 51 Box 9. Green bonds . 54 Box 10. Blended finance in practice. .55 Box 11. Development of investment models for conservation finance . 57 Box 12. Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) . 59 Figure 1. Measuring success by assessing to what extent a project fulfils a set of international conservation goals, the projects aims and is effective. 20 Figure 2. Ecosystem services and benefits derived from mangroves. 22 Figure 3. Goods and services from climate regulation and their potential financing mechanisms. 24 Figure 4. Goods and services from non-climate regulation, provisioning and cultural services, and their potential financing mechanisms. ..
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