DOCSLIB.ORG

Loss-Of-Function Mutations in the X-Linked Biglycan Gene Cause a Severe Syndromic Form of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Loss-Of-Function Mutations in the X-Linked Biglycan Gene Cause a Severe Syndromic Form of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Open Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked biglycan gene cause a severe syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections Josephina A.N. Meester, MSc1, Geert Vandeweyer, PhD1, Isabel Pintelon, PhD2, Martin Lammens, MD, PhD3, Lana Van Hoorick, BSc1, Simon De Belder, BSc1, Kathryn Waitzman, MD4, Luciana Young, MD4, Larry W. Markham, MD5, Julie Vogt, MD6, Julie Richer, MD7, Luc M. Beauchesne, MD8, Sheila Unger, MD9, Andrea Superti-Furga, MD9, Milan Prsa, MD10, Rami Dhillon, MD11, Edwin Reyniers, MSc1, Harry C. Dietz, MD12,13, Wim Wuyts, PhD1, Geert Mortier, MD, PhD1, Aline Verstraeten, PhD1, Lut Van Laer, PhD1, and Bart L. Loeys, MD, PhD1 Purpose: Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is typi- and dissection. Other recurrent findings include hypertelorism, pec- cally inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but rare X-linked tus deformity, joint hypermobility, contractures, and mild skeletal families have been described. So far, the only known X-linked gene is dysplasia. Fluorescent staining revealed an increase in TGF-β signal- FLNA, which is associated with the periventricular nodular heteroto- ing, evidenced by an increase in nuclear pSMAD2 in the aortic wall. pia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. However, mutations in this gene Our results are in line with those of prior reports demonstrating that explain only a small number of X-linked TAAD families. Bgn-deficient male BALB/cA mice die from aortic rupture. Methods: We performed targeted resequencing of 368 candidate Conclusion: In conclusion, BGN gene defects in humans cause an genes in a cohort of 11 molecularly unexplained Marfan probands. X-linked syndromic form of severe TAAD that is associated with Subsequently, Sanger sequencing of BGN in 360 male and 155 female preservation of elastic fibers and increased TGF-β signaling. molecularly unexplained TAAD probands was performed. Genet Med advance online publication 15 September 2016 Results: We found five individuals with loss-of-function mutations Key Words: biglycan; BGN; Loeys-Dietz syndrome; Marfan in BGN encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan. The ­syndrome; thoracic aortic aneurysm clinical phenotype is characterized by early-onset aortic aneurysm INTRODUCTION Marfan syndrome (MFS; MIM154700) is an autosomal dom- Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are often asymptomatic but inant connective tissue disorder; affected individuals present predispose to aortic dissections, which are associated with high with ocular, skeletal, and cutaneous signs in addition to aneu- mortality rates.1 TAAs and dissections (TAAD) can be subdi- rysm and dissection. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS; MIM609192, vided into syndromic (associated with systemic manifestations) MIM610168, MIM613795, MIM614816, MIM615582, and and nonsyndromic forms. Most commonly, familial TAADs MIM601366) is an aneurysmal connective tissue disorder that segregate in an autosomal dominant manner, but rare X-linked can be distinguished from MFS by the unique presence of cra- families have been described.2 So far, FLNA is the only X-linked niofacial, skeletal, cutaneous, and/or vascular manifestations gene associated with a syndromic form of TAAD, namely, peri- and prominently includes hypertelorism, cleft palate, or bifid ventricular nodular heterotopia type 1 (PVNH1; also known as uvula and arterial tortuosity, with aneurysms distant from the the Ehlers-Danlos variant of PVNH, MIM300049). However, aortic root. In addition, aneurysms in individuals with LDS FLNA explains only a small number of the X-linked TAAD tend to dissect at an earlier age and smaller diameter compared families.3 to individuals with MFS.4 Whereas MFS is caused by mutations 1Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; 2Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; 3Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; 4Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; 5Divisions of Pediatric and Adult Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; 6West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; 7Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 8Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 9Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; 10Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; 11The Heart Unit, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK; 12Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 13McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Correspondence: Bart L. Loeys ([email protected]) Submitted 3 May 2016; accepted 15 July 2016; advance online publication 15 September 2016. doi:10.1038/gim.2016.126 386 Volume 19 | Number 4 | April 2017 | GEnEticS in mEdicinE BGN mutations cause thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections | MEESTER et al ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE in FBN1 coding for an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein,5 Biosystems). Sequences were analyzed using CLC DNA work- LDS is caused by loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in genes bench (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark). Microarray analysis coding for components of the transforming growth factor β was performed using the Illumina HumanCytoSNP12-V2.1 (TGF-β) signaling pathway (TGFBR1/2, SMAD2/3, TGFB2/3).6 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA) according to standard Recent work has demonstrated that both MFS and LDS lead to protocols. Copy-number variants (CNVs) were analyzed dysregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway.4,7 using CNV-WebStore.12 Biglycan deficiency in male BALB/cA mice has been shown to lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture, suggesting that Cell culture biglycan might be essential for the structural integrity of the Skin fibroblasts were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial aortic wall. Additionally, BGN mRNA and protein expression Institute medium and supplemented with 15% fetal bovine are reduced in individuals with Turner syndrome (45,X),8 who serum, 1% L-glutamine, 1% sodium pyruvate, 1% Penicillin/ suffer more frequently from vascular anomalies including aor- Streptomycin, and 0.1% Primocin. Experiments were per- tic dissection and rupture.9 Human mutations in BGN have not formed at passages 2 to 4. The fibroblasts were incubated with been described in TAAD probands. and without puromycin (200 µg/ml) to inhibit nonsense-medi- Here, we report that BGN mutations in humans cause an ated decay (NMD). X-linked, severe, syndromic form of TAAD, including hyper- telorism, pectus deformity, joint hypermobility, contractures, cDNA sequencing and cloning and mild skeletal dysplasia. RNA was extracted from skin fibroblasts (from proband 5-II-1) to identify changes in BGN splicing using the RNeasy mini kit MATERIALS AND METHODS (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), followed by random hexamer cDNA Human participants, DNA, and aortic specimens conversion with the Superscript III First-Strand Synthesis kit The study was approved by the appropriate institutional for RT-PCR (Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, ethics review boards, and the required informed consent MA). PCR was performed on the obtained cDNA using the was obtained from all participating subjects. Additionally, following primers: 5′-CAGAGAGGCTTCTGGGACTT-3′ and informed consent for the publication of photos was obtained 5′-GACGAGGGCGTAGAGGTG-3′. The resulting PCR prod- from the subjects or legal guardians. DNA of additional uct was then cloned into One Shot TOP10 cells (ThermoFisher affected and unaffected family members was requested Scientific), after which 94 colonies were picked. The different whenever it was considered informative. Aortic specimens splice products were sequenced with Sanger sequencing. from probands 3-III-2 and 5-II-1 as well as from two gen- der-matched control samples obtained from deceased indi- Histology and immunohistochemistry viduals who did not have cardiovascular diseases were at our Paraffin-embedded aortic tissue of affected individuals and disposal. As positive controls, we used available aortic speci- of control samples were sectioned (5 µm) with the HM340E mens from two individuals with LDS (TGFB3 mutation, Microm microtome (ThermoFisher Scientific). Histological p.Asp263His). Fibroblasts were cultured using skin biopsy staining, including Verhoeff-Van Gieson and Masson’s specimens from probands 4-II-1 and 5-II-1 and two gender- Trichrome, was performed using standard protocols. matched control individuals. Fluorescent staining of the aortic tissue with primary antibodies against biglycan (AF2667, 1:40; R&D Systems, Targeted resequencing Minneapolis, MN), decorin (AF143, 1:40: R&D Systems), We performed targeted resequencing of 368 ECM-related and and pSMAD2 (04-953, 1:100; Millipore, Billerica, MA) was TGF-β-related genes using the HaloPlex Target Enrichment performed as previously described13 but with the following System (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Samples were modifications: the secondary antibodies included chicken- paired-end sequenced using 2 × 100 bp on a HiSeq1500 in high- anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (A-21467, 1:200; Life output mode (Illumina, San Diego,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion Genes Data Set
    Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion genes data set PROBE Entrez Gene ID Celera Gene ID Gene_Symbol Gene_Name 160832 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 223658 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 212988 102 hCG40040.3 ADAM10 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 133411 4185 hCG28232.2 ADAM11 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 11 110695 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 195222 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 165344 8751 hCG20021.3 ADAM15 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15 (metargidin) 189065 6868 null ADAM17 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (tumor necrosis factor, alpha, converting enzyme) 108119 8728 hCG15398.4 ADAM19 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 117763 8748 hCG20675.3 ADAM20 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 20 126448 8747 hCG1785634.2 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 208981 8747 hCG1785634.2|hCG2042897 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 180903 53616 hCG17212.4 ADAM22 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 22 177272 8745 hCG1811623.1 ADAM23 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23 102384 10863 hCG1818505.1 ADAM28 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28 119968 11086 hCG1786734.2 ADAM29 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 29 205542 11085 hCG1997196.1 ADAM30 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 30 148417 80332 hCG39255.4 ADAM33 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33 140492 8756 hCG1789002.2 ADAM7 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7 122603 101 hCG1816947.1 ADAM8 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8 183965 8754 hCG1996391 ADAM9 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (meltrin gamma) 129974 27299 hCG15447.3 ADAMDEC1 ADAM-like,
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Protein Restriction Rapidly Reduces Transforming Growth Factor
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 88, pp. 9765-9769, November 1991 Medical Sciences Dietary protein restriction rapidly reduces transforming growth factor p1 expression in experimental glomerulonephritis (extraceliular matrix/transforming growth factor 8/glomerulonephritis) SEIYA OKUDA*, TAKAMICHI NAKAMURA*, TATSUO YAMAMOTO*, ERKKI RUOSLAHTIt, AND WAYNE A. BORDER*t *Division of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132; and tCancer Research Center, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037 Communicated by Eugene Roberts, August 19, 1991 (receivedfor review April 29, 1991) ABSTRACT Dietary protein restriction has been shown to TGF-/31 on both cell types is to regulate the synthesis of two slow the rate of loss of kidney function in humans with chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, biglycan and progressive glomerulosclerosis due to glomerulonephritis or decorin, both of which can bind TGF-P1 (23). In an experi- diabetes mellitus. A central feature of glomerulosclerosis is the mental model ofglomerulonephritis in the rat, we have found pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix within the a close association between elevated expression of the diseased glomeruli. Transforming growth factor j1 (TGF-.81) TGF-131 gene and the development of glomerulonephritis is known to have widespread regulatory effects on extracellular (10). Seven days after glomerular injury, at the time of matrix and has been implicated as a major cause of increased significant extracellular matrix accumulation, the glomeruli extracellular matrix synthesis and buildup of pathological showed a 5-fold increase in TGF-f31 mRNA and a nearly matrix within glomeruli in experimental glomerulonephritis. 50-fold increase in production ofbiglycan and decorin.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials
    Supplementary Materials Figure S1. Bioinformatics evaluation of dystrophin isoform Dp427 and its central position in the molecular pathogenesis of X-linked muscular dystrophy. In order to generate a protein interaction map with known and predicted protein associations that include direct physical and indirect functional protein linkages, the bioinformatics STRING database [1,2] was used to analyse mass spectrometrically-identified proteins with a changed abundance in mdx-4cv skeletal muscles (Tables 1 and 2). S2 Figure S2. Focus of the bioinformatics evaluation of dystrophin isoform Dp427 and its central position in the molecular pathogenesis of X-linked muscular dystrophy. Shown is the middle part of the interaction map of altered muscle-associated proteins from mdx-4cv hind limb muscles, focusing on the central position of the dystrophin protein Dp427 (marked in yellow). In order to generate a protein interaction map with known and predicted protein associations that include direct physical and indirect functional protein linkages, the bioinformatics STRING database [1,2] was used to analyse mass spectrometrically-identified proteins with a changed abundance in mdx-4cv skeletal muscles (Tables 1 and 2). S3 Table S1. List of identified proteins that exhibit a significantly altered concentration in crude mdx-4cv hind limb muscle preparations as revealed by label-free LC-MS/MS analysis. This table contains the statistical q-values of the proteins listed in Tables 1 and 2. Accession Peptide Max Fold Highest Mean Description q Value Number
    [Show full text]
  • Biglycan Expression and Its Function in Human Ligamentum Flavum
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Biglycan expression and its function in human ligamentum favum Hamidullah Salimi, Akinobu Suzuki*, Hasibullah Habibi, Kumi Orita, Yusuke Hori, Akito Yabu, Hidetomi Terai, Koji Tamai & Hiroaki Nakamura Hypertrophy of the ligamentum favum (LF) is a major cause of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), and the pathology involves disruption of elastic fbers, fbrosis with increased cellularity and collagens, and/or calcifcation. Previous studies have implicated the increased expression of the proteoglycan family in hypertrophied LF. Furthermore, the gene expression profle in a rabbit experimental model of LF hypertrophy revealed that biglycan (BGN) is upregulated in hypertrophied LF by mechanical stress. However, the expression and function of BGN in human LF has not been well elucidated. To investigate the involvement of BGN in the pathomechanism of human ligamentum hypertrophy, frst we confrmed increased expression of BGN by immunohistochemistry in the extracellular matrix of hypertrophied LF of LSS patients compared to LF without hypertrophy. Experiments using primary cell cultures revealed that BGN promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, BGN induces changes in cell morphology and promotes myofbroblastic diferentiation and cell migration. These efects are observed for both cells from hypertrophied and non-hypertrophied LF. The present study revealed hyper-expression of BGN in hypertrophied LF and function of increased proteoglycan in LF cells. BGN may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of LF hypertrophy through cell proliferation, myofbroblastic diferentiation, and cell migration. Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common spinal disorder among the elderly population. Hypertrophic changes in the ligamentum favum (LF) are one of the major factors of LSS.
    [Show full text]
  • Biglycan Recruits Utrophin to the Sarcolemma and Counters Dystrophic Pathology in Mdx Mice
    Biglycan recruits utrophin to the sarcolemma and counters dystrophic pathology in mdx mice Alison R. Amentaa, Atilgan Yilmazb, Sasha Bogdanovichc, Beth A. McKechniea, Mehrdad Abedid, Tejvir S. Khuranac, and Justin R. Fallona,1 aDepartment of Neuroscience and bDepartment of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cDepartment of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and dDivision of Hematology and Oncology, University of California–Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 Edited by Louis M. Kunkel, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, and approved November 22, 2010 (received for review September 2, 2010) Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in dys- associated utrophin in cultured myotubes. Importantly, rhBGN trophin and the subsequent disruption of the dystrophin-associated can be delivered systemically to dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, protein complex (DAPC). Utrophin is a dystrophin homolog ex- where it up-regulates utrophin and other DAPC components at pressed at high levels in developing muscle that is an attractive the sarcolemma, ameliorates muscle pathology, and improves target for DMD therapy. Here we show that the extracellular matrix function. Several lines of evidence indicate that biglycan acts by protein biglycan regulates utrophin expression in immature muscle recruiting utrophin to the plasma membrane. We propose rhBGN and that recombinant human biglycan (rhBGN) increases utrophin as a candidate therapeutic for DMD. expression in cultured myotubes. Systemically delivered rhBGN up- regulates utrophin at the sarcolemma and reduces muscle pathology Results in the mdx mouse model of DMD. RhBGN treatment also improves Endogenous Biglycan Regulates Utrophin Expression in Immature muscle function as judged by reduced susceptibility to eccentric Muscle.
    [Show full text]
  • Decorin and Biglycan Expression and Distribution During
    DECORIN AND BIGLYCAN EXPRESSION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING PALATAL SHELF ADHESION A Thesis by ISRA M. IBRAHIM Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Kathy Svoboda Committee Members, Louis-Bruno Ruest Xiaofang Wang Head of Department, Paul Dechow May 2015 Major Subject: Oral Biology Copyright 2015 Isra M. Ibrahim ABSTRACT Understanding the molecular events in palate development is a prerequisite to more effective treatments of cleft palate. The secondary palate in humans and mice forms from shelves of mesenchyme covered with medial edge epithelium (MEE). These shelves adhere to form the midline epithelial seam (MES). MES cells then proceed through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and/or apoptosis to yield a fused palate. Adhesion of opposing MEE is a crucial event whose alteration causes cleft palate. Previous studies showed that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) on the apical surfaces of MEE was an important factor in palatal shelf adhesion. In this study we investigated decorin and biglycan, being expressed in numerous craniofacial tissues, as potential proteoglycans involved in palatal shelf adhesion. We used a laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique to collect MEE cells and real-time polymerase chain reaction, to determine mRNA levels of decorin and biglycan that correctly reflect changes in gene expression during various stages of palatal shelf fusion (Embryonic days 13.5, 14.0 and 14.5). Both decorin and biglycan were expressed on the apical surface as well as between the MEE cells. We found that biglycan protein and mRNA levels peaked as the palatal shelves adhered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structure and Function of Cartilage Proteoglycans
    PJEuropean Roughley Cells and Materials Vol. 12. 2006 (pages 92-101) DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v012a11 Cartilage ISSN proteoglycans 1473-2262 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CARTILAGE PROTEOGLYCANS P.J. Roughley* Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract Introduction Cartilage contains a variety of proteoglycans that are Cartilagenous tissues are present throughout the body at essential for its normal function. These include aggrecan, numerous sites and are classified histologically as being decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican. Each hyaline, elastic or fibrocartilagenous in nature, depending proteoglycan serves several functions that are determined on their molecular composition. Elastic cartilage is by both its core protein and its glycosaminoglycan chains. associated with the ear and the larynx, whereas This review discusses the structure/function relationships fibrocartilage is associated with the menisci of the knee of the cartilage proteoglycans, and the manner in which and the intervertebral discs. Hyaline cartilage is the perturbations in proteoglycan structure or abundance can predominant form of cartilage, and is most commonly adversely affect tissue function. associated with the skeletal system, where it forms the anlage for many bones in the embryo, the growth plate Key Words: Proteoglycan, aggrecan, link protein, via which many bones increase their size during juvenile hyaluronan, decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, lumican, development, and the bearing surface upon which bones cartilage. articulate in movable joints. It is not clear whether articular cartilage can be defined as a distinct tissue in the juvenile, as it forms a continuum with the hyaline cartilage of the central epiphysis, which is destined to be resorbed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Expression and Immunohistochemical Localization of Decorin and Biglycan in Association with Early Bone Formation in the Developing Mandible
    179 Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 43, No. 3, 179-188, 2001 Gene expression and immunohistochemical localization of decorin and biglycan in association with early bone formation in the developing mandible Naoko Kamiya, Kayoko Shigemasa and Minoru Takagi Department of Anatomy and Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310 (Received 13 June and accepted 27 July 2001) Abstract: We investigated the expression of the differentiated osteoblasts before the onset of matrix small proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, which are mineralization and that they could play a role in the associated with osteoblast differentiation, and how this earliest stages of bone formation. Negative proteoglycan relates to the expression of osteocalcin and bone staining in the mineralized bone matrix suggests that sialoprotein (BSP) early in the formation of bone in the a loss of, or a sharp decrease in proteoglycans occurs rat mandible by immunohistochemistry and in situ concomitant with bone matrix mineralization. (J. Oral hybridization. The mandibles of rat fetuses were Sci. 43, 179-188, 2001) collected on embryonic days 14 (E14) to E18. In situ hybridization showed that gene expression of decorin, Key words: bone; biglycan; decorin; in situ hybri- biglycan, osteocalcin and BSP was not apparent in the dization; immunohistochemistry. developing mandible at E 14, but was expressed by newly differentiated osteoblasts at E15. The expression of these mRNAs increased linearly as the number of Introduction osteoblasts increased in specimens from E16 to E18. Bone contains a variety of noncollagenous proteins Immunohistochemistry showed that newly differenti- such as proteoglycans, osteocalcin (bone Gla protein, ated osteoblasts expressed biglycan moderately, decorin BGP), matrix Gla protein (MGP), osteonectin, osteopontin weakly, and osteocalcin and BSP faintly.
    [Show full text]
  • 09031936.00047905.Full.Pdf
    ERJ Express. Published on October 18, 2006 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00047905 DIFFERENCES IN PROTEOGLYCAN DEPOSITION IN THE AIRWAY OF MODERATE AND SEVERE ASTHMATICS Laura Pini*, Qutayba Hamid*, Joanne Shannon*, Lisa Lemelin*, Ronald Olivenstein*, Pierre Ernst*, Catherine Lemière+, James G. Martin*, and Mara S. Ludwig*. * Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Hospital Centre +Hôpital Sacre-Coeur, Univerité de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Running title: differences in PG deposition Address correspondence to: Mara Ludwig MD Meakins Christie Labs 3626 St. Urbain Street Montreal, QC Canada H2X 2P2 (514) 398-3864 FAX: (514) 398-7483 Email: [email protected] 1 Copyright 2006 by the European Respiratory Society. ABSTRACT Excess deposition of proteoglycans (PG) has been described in the sub-epithelial layer of the asthmatic airway wall. However, less is known about deposition in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer, and whether the pattern of deposition is altered depending upon disease severity. Endobronchial biopsies were performed in patients with severe or moderate asthma (defined using ATS criteria) and in control subjects. Biopsies were immunostained for the PGs, biglycan, lumican, versican and decorin. PG deposition was measured in the subepithelial and ASM layers, the former by calculating the area of positive staining, and the latter, by determining the % area using point counting. Immunostaining for PG was prominent in biopsies from both moderate and severe asthmatics, as compared to control subjects. While the amount of PG in the sub-epithelial layer was no different in the two asthmatic groups, the % area of biglycan and lumican in the ASM layer was significantly greater in moderate vs severe asthmatics (p< 0.01 and 0.05, resp.).
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships Between Decorin and Biglycan, Structure and Tendon Mechanics Using Mutant Mouse Models
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2011 Relationships Between Decorin and Biglycan, Structure and Tendon Mechanics Using Mutant Mouse Models LeAnn Dourte University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biomechanics Commons Recommended Citation Dourte, LeAnn, "Relationships Between Decorin and Biglycan, Structure and Tendon Mechanics Using Mutant Mouse Models" (2011). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 503. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/503 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/503 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Relationships Between Decorin and Biglycan, Structure and Tendon Mechanics Using Mutant Mouse Models Abstract Tendons have a complex mechanical behavior that depends on their composition and structure. Understanding structure-function relationships may elucidate important differences in the functional behaviors of specific tendons and guide targeted treatment modalities and tissue engineered constructs. Specifically, the interactions of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) with collagen fibrils, association with water and role in fibrillogenesis suggest that SLRPs may play an important role in tendon mechanics. Some studies have assessed the role of SLRPs in the mechanical response of tendon, but the relationships between sophisticated mechanics, assembly of collagen and SLRPs have not been well characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the structure-function relationships between complex tendon mechanics, structure and composition with a focus on decorin and biglycan, two Class I SLRPs. Utilizing homozygous null and heterozygous mutant genotype mouse models, the amount of SLRPs were varied to allow for the study of the "dose" response on tendon mechanics.
    [Show full text]
  • Cartilage Proteoglycans
    seminars in CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, Vol. 12, 2001: pp. 69–78 doi:10.1006/scdb.2000.0243, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Cartilage proteoglycans Cheryl B. Knudson∗ and Warren Knudson The predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage is the tural analysis. The predominate glycosaminoglycan large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan ‘aggrecan’. Following present in cartilage has long been known to be its secretion, aggrecan self-assembles into a supramolecular chondroitin sulfate. 2 However, extraction of the structure with as many as 50 monomers bound to a filament chondroitin sulfate in a more native form, as a of hyaluronan. Aggrecan serves a direct, primary role pro- proteoglycan, proved to be a daunting task. The viding the osmotic resistance necessary for cartilage to resist revolution in the field came about through the compressive loads. Other proteoglycans expressed during work of Hascall and Sajdera. 3 With the use of the chondrogenesis and in cartilage include the cell surface strong chaotropic agent guanidinium hydrochlo- syndecans and glypican, the small leucine-rich proteoglycans ride, the proteoglycans of cartilage could now be decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, lumican and epiphycan readily extracted and separated into relatively pure and the basement membrane proteoglycan, perlecan. The monomers through the use of CsCl density gradient emerging functions of these proteoglycans in cartilage will centrifugation. This provided the means to identify enhance our understanding of chondrogenesis and cartilage and characterize the major chondroitin sulfate pro- degeneration. teoglycan of cartilage, later to be termed ‘aggrecan’ following the cloning and sequencing of its core Key words: aggrecan / cartilage / CD44 / chondrocytes / protein. 4 From this start, aggrecan has gone on to hyaluronan serve as the paradigm for much of proteoglycan c 2001 Academic Press research.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Splice Variant of HYAL-4 Drives Malignant Transformation and Predicts Outcome in Bladder Cancer Patients
    Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on February 24, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-2912 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. A Novel Splice Variant of HYAL-4 Drives Malignant Transformation and Predicts Outcome in Bladder Cancer Patients. Vinata B. Lokeshwar1,♠,, Daley S. Morera1,♠, Sarrah L. Hasanali1, Travis J. Yates2,+, Marie C. Hupe3, Judith S. Knapp3, Soum D. Lokeshwar4, Jiaojiao Wang1, Martin Hennig3, Rohitha Baskar1, Diogo O. Escudero5,+, Ronny R. Racine6,+, Neetika Dhir6,+, Andre R. Jordan1,2, Kelly Hoye2,+, Ijeoma Azih7, Murugesan Manoharan8, Zachary Klaassen9, Sravankumar Kavuri10, Luis E. Lopez1, Santu Ghosh11, Bal L. Lokeshwar12 Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1); Clinical Trials Office (7), Surgery, Division of Urology (9); Pathology (10); Department of Population Health Sciences (11), Georgia Cancer Center (12), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., 30912, USA Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology (2), Honors Program in Medical Education (4), Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program (5), Department of Urology (6) University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Florida, 33136, USA Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (3) Division of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida (8) ♠: Contributed equally and are
    [Show full text]