Societal Attitude Towards Education of the Girl-Child in Manipur State
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SOCIETAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS EDUCATION OF THE GIRL-CHILD IN MANIPUR STATE THESIS SUBMITTED TO NAGALAND UNIVERSITY FOR THE FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION SUPERVISOR INVESTIGATOR Dr. BUNO ZETSUVI SAZA LUCY Department of Education Regd. No. 354/2008 Nagaland University DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NAGALAND UNIVERSITY KOHIMA CAMPUS MERIEMA : NAGALAND DECLARATION I Ms. SAZA LUCY, do hereby declare that the thesis entitled, “SOCIETAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS EDUCATION OF THE GIRL-CHILD IN MANIPUR STATE” submitted for the award of the Doctor of Philosophy in Education is my original work and that it has not been previously submitted for the award of any degree at any University to the best of my knowledge. Kohima: Dated: Saza Lucy Regd. No. 354/2008 Countersigned by Dr. Buno Zetsuvi Head Department of Education Nagaland University Kohima Campus: Meriema Nagaland Acknowledgment “When you are grateful fear disappears and abundance appears” With utmost sincerity, I thank our Almighty God for being so gracious and merciful to me, for showering me His wisdom and letting me find wonderful people who have helped me greatly in writing and in prayers without which my research would not have been successful. There are so many people with whom I am greatly indebted and grateful for having being so tirelessly spent their quality time in helping me to complete my research work. I specially owe my deepest gratitude to my guide Dr. (Mrs) Buno Zetsuvi, Head, Department of Education, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus: Meriema, Nagaland a wonderful lady who has played a motherly role to me by patiently teaching and encouraging me and for having enough confidence on me throughout my whole research work since day one. My sincere thanks and gratitude also goes to Prof. Imtisangba, Dr. Buno Legiese and Dr. Lungsang Zeliang for being such great mentors and broadcasting me intellectually through their knowledge, giving me valuable advice and guidance when most needed. My special thanks go to the staffs in the department where I could get all the necessary information and requirements, not forgetting my colleagues and friends for being so helpful and supportive. At the same time, I would like to extend my gratefulness to all the respondents from different areas who had painstakingly took their time to fill up the questionnaires and who has helped me in collecting the necessary data and information for my research work. Lastly, my heartfelt thanks goes to none other than my Mom, Dad, Brothers and Relatives for being so supportive and have been a constant guide in whatever I do and for instilling in me the motivation to complete my research. Dated: Place: Kohima Saza Lucy Map of Manipur State List of Tables Table No. Title of the Table Page No. 1.1 Population of Manipur, According to 2001 Census and 2011 Census 4 1.2 Types of School and Colleges in Manipur and only Girls Institutions 15 3.1 Assumptions considered for analysing the response 4.1 Is the society giving importance to girl education? 4.2 The society will change in a better way if girls are educated? 4.3 You feel that these days priority is given to girl education. Are you satisfied with the educational achievement of a girl child as a 4.4 whole? 4.5 Can education of girls help in accelerating social transformation? 4.6 The legislative take initiative to encourage on girl child education. 4.7 Is education necessary to make the girls aware of their rights? 4.8 The issue of gender is a hindrance to girl child education. If girls are educated, they can be more competent in bringing a social 4.9 change in the society than the boys. The educational opportunities for girls have a powerful effect on 4.10 their status. 4.11 Does education of women have positive impact over their own life? Girls should get equal opportunities in all fields of human 4.12 endeavour. 4.13 Is the literacy rate of girls increasing in your society? If girls are considered as home makers, do you think that families 4.14 will be better if the girls are educated rather than the boys? Is the attitude of parents towards western education hampering girl 4.15 child education? o 4.16 Should girl’s education be given more importance rather than t focus on the marriage. 4.17 The issue of marriage is a stumbling block to a girl child education. A women can bear the double responsibilities of motherhood and an 4.18 earning mother. Discrimination between the education of a girl and a boy is more 4.19 common in rural areas than in urban areas? 4.20 Does acquiring of education by girls lead to conflict in the society? There is difference between an educated woman and an uneducated 4.21 woman. Necessary life skill and knowledge enable girls to take up new roles 4.22 in the modern society. Is the issue of unemployment in the society a stumbling block to girl 4.23 child education? 4.24 A Socio-economic changes has made education necessary for girls. 4.25 Education provides better income earning opportunities for girls. Education enhances the potentialities in girls to contribute to the 4.26 improvement in the standard of living. 4.27 Educated women neglect their traditional roles. ducational system 4.28 Girl’s education brings changes not only in the e but also in societal norms. Girl child education help in bringing changes in the traditional 4.29 practice and attitude. Is education necessary for girls to establish gender equality in the 4.30 society? 4.31 Women’s status can be uplift through education. Girls in Manipur state are as advantageous as boys in all walks of 4.32 life. There is a strong link between child marriage and levels of 4.33 education. Women should be given equal responsibilities in the decision making 4.34 bodies in the society. 4.35 The political career of women is marching ahead in the state. 4.36 Do you approve participation of women in politics actively? 4.37 Should girls inherit their names after marriage? Women should be allowed to get an equal share in the property of 4.38 their parents. 4.39 What is your attitude towards girl child education in Manipur? 4.40 What is the education status of Manipur women in your opinion? The school in which you are teaching is effective in imparting girl 4.1.1 child education. 4.1.2 Are you satisfied with the enrollment of girls in your school? 4.1.3 What is the level of girl students’ achievement in your school? 4.1.4 The present curriculum is suitable for girl child education. Are there differences between the boys and the girls in their 4.1.5 intellectual abilities? The girl child has the same potentialities as the boy child in the 4.1.6 scholastic achievement. Should the position of a monitor/leader of a class be given only to 4.1.7 boys? Do you think that there should be separate educational institutions 4.1.8 for girls? The existing numbers of educational institution are sufficient for 4.1.9 girls. 4.1.10 Is the society giving importance to the girl education? 4.1.11 The society encourage better educational opportunities for girls. Is a girl child suppressed on the basis of gender in any situation in 4.1.12 the school? Is girl child education an effort to universalize elementary 4.1.13 education? 4.1.14 Do parents favour more education for boys than girls? Are parents reluctant to allow their daughters to attend co- 4.1.15 educational schools because of the span of time they would be spending with boys? Parents do feel that educating a girl is a mere wastage of time and 4.1.16 money. The attitude of parents towards western education is hampering the 4.1.17 girl child education. 4.1.18 Girl child should learn as much as the boy child. 4.1.19 Domestic work over burden the girl child to excel in their studies. 4.1.20 The issue of gender is a hindrance to girl child education. The parents with lower level of economic security express of 4.1.21 favouring more education for boys than girls. The attitude of parents towards the education of girls led to low 4.1.22 enrollment and high drop outs rate. 4.1.23 Is the issue of marriage a stumbling block to girl child education? 4.1.24 The society will change in a better way if girls are educated. 4.1.25 Literacy rate of girls is increasing in your society. Education is necessary for girls to establish gender equality in the 4.1.26 society. Education for women is necessary to make them understand that 4.1.27 they are equally important. 4.1.28 The status of women can be uplifted through education. 4.1.29 If girls are educated, they can be more competent than the boys. 4.1.30 Education of girls can help in accelerating social transformation. 4.1.31 Educated women do neglect their traditional roles. The girls should get equal opportunities in all fields of human 4.1.32 endeavour. The present education system reduces the chances of acquiring 4.1.33 related skill and economic opportunities for girls. Discrimination between the education of a girl and a boy is more 4.1.34 common in rural areas than in urban areas. The Government is taken initiatives to encourage girl child 4.1.35 education.