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Notes Du Mont Royal ← Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Google Livres BIBLIOTHÈQUE LATINE-FRANÇAISE PUBLIÉE C. L. F. PANCROUCRE. PARIS. IMPRIMERIE DE c. L. F. PANCKOUCKE. Il" nu POITIYIIJ, a. 14. U HIS’IlOIRE D’ALEXAN Î)RE LE GRAND PAR QUINTE-CURCE TRADUCTION NOUVELLE PAR MM. AUG. ET ALPH. TROGNON î TOME PREMIER. PA R IS c. L. F. PANCKOUCKE IINIRI DE L’OIDBI ROYAL Dl LA LiGION D’EORIIDI immun, nu: mas POITEVINS, 11° I4. M DCŒ XXXIV. A MM. LES SOUSCRIPTEUBS. En publiant cette 11° livraison, nous espérons pouvoir mieux préciser le nombre des volumes des auteurs qui composerom la Bibliothèque Laitue-Française. APULÉE, [4 vol. ; J. CÉSAR, 3; Cicénon, 36; Cuumnu, a; Con- NBLius New: l; FLonus, 1; Hansen, a; Jus-nu, a; JUVÉNAL, a; Lucnu, a; Lucni-zcx, a; MARTIAL, 4; Ovmn, la; Panse, n ; 1115.. anaux. a; PBÈDRB, l ; PLAUTB, 8; Puma LB JEUNE, 3; Puma LB NArunAusTn, 20; Pnornncr: 2T GALLus . 1; QUINTE-CURCB, 3; Quin- nuxu, 6; SALLUSTB, a; Sénèque Le Pnlnosornx, 8; Sénèque m; Rai-revu , 3 ; sentons LE TRAGIQUE , 3:81:40: lumens, 3; Suc: , 4; Smirouu , 3; TACITB , 6; ’llÉnxncn . 3 ; TIBULLB 3T CATULLB, ! ; Trua- vae, 17; VALÈRE-MAXIMB, 3; VALERIUB FLAccus , x ; VeLLEius PA- TBRCULIJS , 1 ; Vrncmx, 4. D’après les volumes publiés, MM. les Souscript-eurs se sont déjà bien assurés que nous apportons la plus grande sévérité à en restreindre le nombre : en effet, cette réserve ne peut s’appliquer qu’aux notes , et, excepté celles du Pline le Naturaliste, qui sont indispen- sables, les autres seront réduites autant que possible. Comme chaque auteur se vend séparément, MM. les Souscripteurs qui ne voudront acquérir que les Clas- siques, seront libres de ne pas prendre les auteurs Éro- tiques. Le prix de chaque volume a été fixé à sur "unes, 1° parce que l’Ëditeur paie une nouvelle traduction par les littérateurs les plus distingués; 2° parce que la composition latine est plus chère que la composition française; 3° parce que chaque épreuve est relue mx fois par des personnes très-instruites; 4° parce qu’il arrive souvent que MM. les auteurs , par un zèle que l’on ne saurait trop approuver, font sans cesse des corrections sur les épreuves, et qu’il en est résulté que la composition typographi- que a été doublée de prix; 5° parce que l’ouvrage est tiré à petit Chaque volume sera composé de vingt-cinq feuilles ou quatre nombre.cents pages in-octavo. , NOTICE SUR QUINTE-CURC E. IL y a peu d’histoires qui aient joui d’un renom aussi po- pulaire dans notre Europe moderne, que celle d’Alexandre par Quinte-Curce. Hérodote et Thucydide, Tite-Live et Tacite, ont été placés dans un rang plus haut par la cri- tique; mais ils n’ont pas compté un plus grand nombre des lecteurs. Le nom d’Alexandre a fait pour son histo- rien , ce que faisait, au moyen âge, le nom de Charle- magne pour les contes et les romans de chevalerie; il lui - a donné faveur auprès des esprits passionnés pour les beaux faits d’armes et les aventures de guerre, et lui a procuré, dans le nombre même des têtes couronnées, d’illustres admirateurs. On sait le mot de ce roi d’Es- pagne l, qui, guéri d’une longue et cruelle maladie par l’intéressente lecture de l’historien d’Alexandre, s’écriait dans sa reconnaissance : (c Fi d’Hippocrate, d’Avicenne et de tous les médecins! Vive Quinte;Curce, mon sau- veur!» Plus tard, Vasquez de Lucène enchanta par les récits de cet écrivain la fougueuse imagination de Charles le Téméraire; et ils n’iuspirèrent pas un moindre enthou- I On a d’abord attribué ce propos à Alphonse x , dit le Sage, roi de Castille, qui vivait au treizième siècle; mais on l’a plus tard, et avec plus de raison, revendiqué pour Alphonse le Magnanime, roi d’Aragon et de Naples, qui régnait en 1450. jv NOTICE SUR QUINTE-CURCE. siasme à cet autre Charles, le héros de la Suède, qui n’eût pas manqué d’être appelé lui-même le Téméraire, si, avant lui, le duc de Bourgogne ne se fût emparé de ce surnom. Ce sont là , en faveur de Quinte-Curce, d’as- sez fameux témoignages, et qui nous dispensent d’en apporter d’autres à leur suite. Cependant , il y a eu dans la destinée de cet écrivain quelque chose de singulier. C’est peu que nous ne sachions rien de sa vie; l’âge même où il a vécu est un insoluble problème, et il n’y a pas jusqu’à son nom que l’on se soit cru fondé à ’lui contester. On lit bien dans une lettre de Cicéron à son frère quelques mots d’éloges sur un jeune homme, honnête et instruit, du nom de Q. Curtius, mais rien qui du reste se rapporte à notre historien. Il en est de même du Curtius de Tacite, délateur effronté, en même temps que lâche flatteur, et qui, par ces mé- rites, avait su , sous Claude et Néron , compenser les torts de sa naissance. On ne voit point qu’il ait écrit d’histoire. On inclinerait davantage pour le rhéteur inscrit sur le catalogue de Suétone; mais il n’y a que son nom, sans un mot de plus , et ce n’est point assez des fleurs de rhé- torique que Quinte-Curce a répandues à pleines mains dans ses pages, pour qu’on ait droit de l’identifier avec ce personnage. Restent donc les inductions que le livre même peut fournir sur son auteur. Il faut qu’elles soient bien douteuses, puisque la critique aux abois erre du 1er au x1v° siècle de l’ère chrétienne, sans trouver place pour asseoir de solides conjectures, et que l’on compte jusqu’à treize opinions diverses adoptées par les érudits. Nous allons passer. en revue les principales. NOTICE SUR QUINTE-CURCE. v Citons d’abord les paroles de Quinte-Curce relatives au temps où il a vécu, et qui ont servi de fondement à ces opinions. Tout se réduit à deux passages. Le premier se trouve à la fin du récit de la prise de Tyr : (t Multis ergo casibus defuncta, et post excidium re- nata, nunc tamen longa pace cuucta refovente, sub tu- tela romanæ mansuetudinis acquiescit. n (Lib. Iv, cap. 4 , adet Cependant, calcem. après avoir traversé de nombreuses ) I ré- volutions, et s’être relevée de ses ruines, Tyr a vu tout, renaître en son sein à la suite d’une longue paix, et elle se repose aujourd’hui à l’abri, de la bienfaisante domina- tion de Rome. u Voici le second et le plus important. L’historien vient de parler des désordres auxquels fut livré l’empire d’Alexandre , après la mort de ce prince : « Quodque imperium sub uno stare potuisset, dum a pluribus sustinetur, ruit. Proinde jure meritoque popu- lus romarins salutem se principi suo debere profitetur, cui noctis, quam pæne supremam habuimus, novum si- dus illuxit. Hujus hercule, non solis ortus, lucem cali- ganti reddidit mundo, quum sine suo capile discordia membra trépidai-eut. Quot ille tum exstinxit faces? quot condidit gladios? quantam tempestatem subita serenitate discussit? Non ergo revirescit solum, sed etiam floret imperium. Absit modo invidia , excipiet hujus seculi tem- pora ejusdem domus utinam perpetua, certe diuturna posteritas.» (Lib. x, cap. 9.) a Cet empire, qui, avec un seul chef, eût pu subsis- vj NOTICE SUR QUINTE -CURCE. ter, dès que plusieurs en soutinrent le poids, s’écroula. Aussi est-ce avec une juste reconnaissance que le peuple romain proclame hautement pour son sauveur le prince qui est venu , comme un astre nouveau , briller au milieu de cette nuit qui faillit être pour nous une nuit éternelle. Oui, c’est lui, et non pas le soleil, qui s’est levé pour rendre la lumière au monde, plongé dans les ténèbres, au temps où les membres de l’empire, privés de leurs chefs et déchirés en lambeaux, étaient tout palpitans. Que de torches ardentes il a éteintes alors! que d’épées il a fait rentrer dans le fourreau l. quelle tempête il a dissipée par une soudaine sérénité! Aussi l’empire ne renaît-il pas seulement à la vie, il est déjà florissant. Et si le destin nous épargne ses rigueurs, les siècles qui succéderont au nôtre verront cette même maison se I perpétuer dans une longue, sinon dans une éternelle postérité. » Quelle est cette époque où Tyr avait refleuri sous la protection romaine? Surtout quel est ce prince qui a r’appelé à la vie l’empire presque à sa dernière heure? Ce sont là les questions sur lesquelles tant de solutions diverses ont été présentées. On a commencé, comme de raison, par voir le règne d’Auguste dans ce règne réparateur de toutes les cala- mités de l’empire romain. P. Pithou , cependant, qui fait vivre Quinte-Curce sous ce prince, fonde moins son opinion sur le texte de la magnifique déclamation citée tout-à-l’heure, que sur le style même de l’auteur, dont la pureté et l’élégance ne peuvent appartenir, selon lui, qu’à l’âge d’or de la littérature romaine. A cela on répond: NOTICE SUR QUINTE -CURCE. vij 1° que les paroles de Quinte-Curce ne peuvent désigner Auguste, sous qui la famille impériale, loin d’être ainsi florissante, parut au moment de s’éteindre; 2° que le.
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