Spanishpod101.Com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Newbie 1 Lessons 1-40

1-40 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Introduction

This is Innovative Language Learning.

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The course consists of lessons centered on a practical, real-life conversation.

In each lesson, first, we'll introduce the background of the conversation.

Then, you'll hear the conversation two times:

One time at natural native speed and one time with the English translation.

After the conversation, you'll learn carefully selected vocabulary and key grammar concepts.

Next, you'll hear the conversation 1 time at natural native speed at the end of the lesson.

Finally, practice what you have learned with the review track. Repeat the words and phrases you hear in the review track aloud to practice pronunciation and reinforce what you have learned.

Before starting the lessons, go to InnovativeLanguage.com/audiobooks to get the lesson notes for this course and sign up for your FREE lifetime account.

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Newbie Lesson I'm full!

Spanish 2 English 2 12 Vocabulary 2 Grammar Points 3 Cultural Insight 3 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Spanish

TÍA ROSA ¿Quieres más, Felipe? FELIPE No, gracias, tía. Ya estoy lleno. TÍA ROSA ¿Y tú, Juana? JUANA Estoy satisfecha. Usted prepara muy bien el cebiche. TÍA ROSA ¿Ustedes están seguros? FELIPE Gracias tía, pero estamos repletos.

English

AUNT ROSA Do you want more, Felipe? FELIPE No, thanks, Aunt Rosa. I am full. AUNT ROSA And you, Juana? JUANA I am satisfied. You prepare the Cebiche very well. AUNT ROSA Are you all sure? FELIPE Thank you, Aunt Rosa, but we are stuffed.

Vocabulary 2 Spanish English Class más more, plus, plus sign adverb, adjective lleno(-a) full adjective satisfecho, -a satisfied adjective, past participle preparar to prepare verb seguro sure, safe adjective tío, -a uncle, aunt noun repleto, -a stuffed, replete adjective

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

Mi cita más romántica fue en la playa. "My most romantic date was on the beach." Ella quiere más comida. "She wants more food." Mi botella está llena de agua. "My bottle is full of water."

Estamos satisfechos. (We are satisfied.) Preparáis la comida. (You all prepare the meal.) No estoy cien por ciento seguro. "I'm not a hundred percent sure." Mi casa es un lugar muy seguro. "My house is a very safe place." Tía Rosa prepara el Cebiche bien. (Aunt Rosa prepared the Cebiche well.) Estoy repleto. (I am stuffed.)

Grammar Points

In Newbie Lesson 11, we looked at expressions used just before the meal. Today, we're going to concentrate on expressions used to show that one is full or not hungry anymore. In Spanish, there are a number of ways to express this. Below is a list of some of these expressions, with an English translation:

estoy lleno (I am full) estoy satisfecho (I am satisfied) estoy repleto (I am stuffed) no puedo repetir (I can't have seconds)

As in many cultures of the world, food in Spanish-speaking cultures is foundational. A visitor to a Spanish-speaking country is often offered food, as a sign of respect and humbleness, until he or she 3 turns it down.

For all of the above expressions, the verbs "estar" and "poder" have been conjugated to the first person singular of the present tense in the indicative mood. This, of course, could be changed in order to refer to other subjects. For example, "estamos llenos" (we are full) or "estamos satisfechos" (we are satisfied).

Cultural Insight

All along the Pacific coast of Peru, the traditional dish "Cebiche" (also spelled "Ceviche") is prepared. Cebiche is a dish of fresh fish and/or seafood cured in lime juice and mixed with diced celery, native hot peppers (rocoto, ají limo), cilantro, red onions, garlic, salt, pepper and is accompanied by boiled Andean corn on the cob and a native purple sweet potato. It is usually prepared on the spot in a "Cebichería", a restaurant dedicated to this dish solely. The lime juice is added to the mixture, and the

dished is served almost immediately. The longer the dish sits, the more cured the fish becomes. It is like serving fresh fish and seafood in a savory and spicy limeade. Perhaps the most popular fish for Peruvian Cebiche is the delicate "lenguado" (flounder).

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Newbie Lesson Romance #2 - I can't love you...

Spanish 2 English 2 27 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 3 Cultural Insight 4 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Spanish

RAMÓN ¿Por qué nunca me da la oportunidad de mostrarle el amor que tengo por Usted? ELIANA ¡Ramón, no le puedo amar! RAMÓN ¡No puede ser! ¡Mi vida! ¡No...! ¿¡Por qué!? ELIANA Porque amo a Ernesto. RAMÓN ¡Ese desgraciado! ¿¡Cómo vas a decir me eso!? ELIANA ¡Ay, Ramón, no haga eso!

English

RAMÓN Why don't you ever give me a chance to show you the love I have for you, Ma'am? ELIANA Ramón, I cannot love you! RAMÓN Impossible! My love! No...! Why!? ELIANA Because I love Ernesto. RAMÓN That scum! How are you going to say that to me!? ELIANA Oh, Ramón, do not do that!

2 Spanish RAMÓN ¿Por qué nunca me das la oportunidad de mostrarte el amor que tengo por ti? ELIANA ¡Ramón, no te puedo amar! RAMÓN ¡No puede ser! ¡Mi vida! ¡No...! ¿¡Por qué!? ELIANA Porque amo a Ernesto. RAMÓN ¡Ese desgraciado! ¿¡Cómo vas a decirme eso!? ELIANA ¡Ay, Ramón, no hagas eso!

English

RAMÓN Why don't you ever give me a chance to show you the love I have for you?

ELIANA Ramón, I can't love you! RAMÓN Impossible! My love! No...! Why!? ELIANA Because I love Ernesto. RAMÓN That scum! How are you going to say that to me!? ELIANA Oh, Ramón, don't do that!

Vocabulary Spanish English Class mostrar to show verb desgraciado, -a unfortunate, vile, scum, adjective, noun porque because conjunction ¿por qué? why? adverb oportunidad opportunity fem. noun vida life fem. noun

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

Quiero mostrarte mi cuarto. (I want to show you my room.) Daniel es un desgraciado y lo odio. (Daniel is a vile person and I hate him.) 3 Me gustas porque eres bonita. "I like you because you are pretty." ¿Por qué has venido aquí? "Why have you come here?" A la primera oportunidad. (At the earliest opportunity.) La vida es corta. (Life is short.)

Grammar Points

In today's lesson, we discuss the preposition ‘a’. We see this preposition used in our conversation: "Porque amo a Ernesto" (Because I love Ernesto). In this case, Ernesto is the direct object of the verb "amar" (to love). When the direct object of a verb is a person, we need to use the preposition 'a' to show whom the action is being directed towards. Another example is, "Llamo a Fernando" (I call Fernando). Notice how the preposition, 'a', doesn't even get translated, but it needs to be there in order for the sentence to make grammatical sense.

It is important to remember that 'a' is used as a preposition with direct and indirect object compliments . For example: "Vimos a tu hermana" (We saw your sister). Here, the preposition 'a' is used with the direct object compliment. We cannot say, "vimos tu hermana", but rather, we must say "vimos a tu hermana". This always occurs when the direct object compliment is a person or a thing that has been personified. This means that the direct object compliment is determined rather than undetermined in the mind of the speaker.

Now look at the difference between a person that is determined in the mind of the speaker in contrast to one that is not:

"Vimos a tu hijo en el jardín" (We saw your son in the garden). vs. "Vimos un niño en el jardín" (We saw a child in the garden).

The first sentence refers to a determined person: "your son". The second sentence refers to an undetermined person: "a child"; we don't know the child's identity.

In the case of indirect object compliments, the preposition 'a is used to express the person or thing that receives harm or benefit from the action of a verb.

4 For example: "yo envié un regalo a Pedro" (I sent a present to Pedro). In this case, the direct compliment to the verb "enviar" (to send), is "un regalo" (a present), and the indirect complement is "Pedro".

Cultural Insight

It the Latin American world of dating, machismo is still the norm. Although progressive trends in dating do exist, the man is still usually the one who is expected to make advances. These advances are often very bold and forthright. What may be considered an old school outlook by some still reigns supreme. Dating is usually fast, serious, and intense. Couples are affectionate and unabashedly so. Public displays of affection, and jealousy, can be expected. Proceed with caution!

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Newbie Lesson S1 Oh, you've got to go to the clinic!

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 34 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 2 Vocabulary 2 Grammar Points 3 Cultural Insight 5 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish LUCÍA Gabriel, ¿usted sigue mal del estómago? GABRIEL Sí, no sé qué hacer. LUCÍA ¡Ay, tiene que ir a la clínica! GABRIEL ¿A la clínica? LUCÍA No se preocupe. La asistencia médica ahí siempre es muy buena. GABRIEL Si usted lo dice... ¡vayamos pues! Formal English LUCÍA Gabriel, is your stomach still off? GABRIEL Yes, I do not know what to do. LUCÍA Oh, you have got to go to the clinic! GABRIEL To the clinic? LUCÍA Do not worry. The medical assistance there is always very good. GABRIEL If you say so... then let's go! Informal Spanish LUCÍA Gabriel, ¿sigues mal del estómago? GABRIEL Sí, no sé qué hacer. LUCÍA ¡Ay, tienes que ir a la clínica! GABRIEL ¿A la clínica? LUCÍA No te preocupes. La asistencia médica ahí siempre es muy buena. 2 GABRIEL Si tú lo dices... ¡vamos pues! Informal English LUCÍA Gabriel, is your stomach still off? GABRIEL Yeah, I don't know what to do. LUCÍA Oh, you've got to go to the clinic! GABRIEL To the clinic? LUCÍA Don't worry. The medical assistance there is always very good. GABRIEL If you say so... then let's go!

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root seguir to keep on, to continue, verb Latin, sequ?re (to follow) to still be

tener que ir to have to go verbal phrase Latin, ten?re (to hold) + ire (to go) clínica clinic fem. noun Greek, klinik? (medical practice at sickbed) ¡No te preocupes! Don't worry! negative exclamation Latin, non (no) + te (you) + præoccupare (to seize before) médico, -a medical adjective Latin, med?cus (physician) ahí there, over there adverb Latin, illic (thither) Vocabulary Sample Sentences ¿Sigues detrás de ella? (Are you still after her?) Tenemos que ir. ¡Póngale! (We have to go. Get a move on!) Anda a la clínica antes de que te pongas muy mal. (Go to the clinic, before you become very ill.) ¡No te preocupes por la revisión. Yo la haré. (Don't worry about the revision. I'll do it.) ¿A qué hora tienes la cita médica? (What time do you have your doctor's appointment?) Quizás no habrá mucha nieve ahí. (Maybe there won't be much snow there.) Estuve ahí por un ratito. (I was there for a little bit.) Estoy ahí a las ocho. (I'll be there at eight o'clock.) Grammar Points 3 Adjectives are modifiers. They shape the meaning of a noun by describing its characteristics. "Asistencia médica" (Medical assistance) is an example of this. In Spanish, there is a fairly well-established set of rules by which we use adjectives. Today, we're going to consider two aspects of Adjectives: 1) Agreement and 2) Placement.

1) Adjectives are either singular or plural. This way of breaking down the group in two is called "el número" (the number) of the adjective. Number is shown in the ending of the word. We call this "inflection". Also shown in the ending is the "gender" of the word; not to be confused with the "sex" of a person. Adjectives are either masculine or feminine.

2) Adjectives are normally placed after the noun they modify. So, in the example "la asistencia médica aquí es siempre muy buena", notice that the adjective "médica" comes after the noun which it modifies "asistencia". This is the normal placement. Exceptions to this rule occur when we want to place more emphasis on the characteristic being attributed to the meaning of the noun than to the meaning of the noun itself.

The following are the "normal" endings for adjectives that have number and gender:

Singular: Masculino: médic + o = médico Femenino: médic + a = médica

Plural: Masculino: médic + os = médicos Femenino: médic + as = médicas

Below are a few example of adjectives being used in common phrases. Note the gender and placement .

"¿Has visto mi camisa roja?" (Have you seen my red shirt?) "La asistencia médica aquí es siempre muy buena." (The medical attention here is always very good.) "Ha sido una noche larga." (It has been a long night.) "Nunca recibo tus correos electrónicos." (I never receive your emails.)

4 *Once you learn to recognize the gender and number of nouns, using adjectives is pretty easy, since you only need to make sure that they "agree" with each other, which is really just another way of saying that we need to conserve the "concordancia" (agreement, concordance). Unfortunately, the system is not perfect in this regard, and there are plenty of exceptions. For example, adjectives like "verde" (green) and "sonriente" (smiley) end in and "-e" in the singular and "-es" in the plural. So, one of these two forms is used, despite the gender of the noun its modifying. So, we would say "los niños sonrientes" (the smiley boys) as well as "las niñas sorientes" (the smiley girls).

Also, we should mention the issue of "mixed genders". For example, plural nouns that contain masculine and feminine characteristics: "los platos y las tazas sucios se quedaron en la mesa" (the dirty plates and cups remained on the table). Here, since "platos" is masculine (and plural) and since "tazas" is feminine (and plural), the adjective "sucios" (masculine and plural) is used. When groups of things or people include both masculine and feminine nouns, the masculine form is always dominant. In this way, it kind of acts like a formal that is "neutral" in terms of its gender.

In terms of their usage, adjectives are also known in Spanish to be used as a form of address. That is to say, a noun can be replaced by an adjective which assumes the quality of a noun. Linguists sometimes call it "la substantivación del adjetivo". For instance, to flatter a woman one might say "hola, linda" (hello beautiful) or to complain "¡apúrate flojo!" (hurry up, lazy!) or to show affection often in the diminutive "ven acá, mi gordito" (come here, my chunky-monkey).

Adjectives serve to add life and vigor to the language! Learning gender and placement will allow you to broaden your communication abilities substantially.

Cultural Insight

Clinics in Latin America vary. If you plan on going to a public clinic or hospital, expect a very long wait. Waiting rooms, in my experience, have always been full of people with many different ailments. Do not expect preferential treatment. Obviously, some clinics are better than others, but they generally go provide very good health care. If you have the money, I would definitely recommend going to a private clinic. While a little more expensive, you would not end up spending your entire day waiting to be seen by a doctor or nurse.

Newbie Lesson S1 The ATM ate my debit card!

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 35 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 2 Vocabulary 2 Grammar Points 3 Cultural Insight 5 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish MARTÍN Disculpe, señor, pero el cajero no me devuelve mi tarjeta. GERENTE ¿Hace cuánto tiempo que está, usted, en el Perú? MARTÍN Hace un par de días. GERENTE ¿Y su banco sabe que usted ha viajado al Perú? MARTÍN ¡Pucha! Me olvidé de avisarle. GERENTE Lo siento, pero no puedo hacer nada.

Formal English MARTÍN Excuse me, Sir, but the ATM won't give me my card back. MANAGER How long, Sir, have you been in Peru? MARTÍN A couple of days. MANAGER And does your bank know that you have traveled to Peru? MARTÍN Shoot! I forgot to let them know! MANAGER I'm sorry, but I can't do anything. Informal Spanish MARTÍN Disculpa, señor, pero el cajero no me devuelve mi tarjeta. GERENTE ¿Hace cuánto tiempo que estás en el Perú? MARTÍN Hace un par de días. GERENTE ¿Y tu banco sabe que has viajado al Perú? MARTÍN ¡Pucha! Me olvidé de avisarle. 2 GERENTE Lo siento, pero no puedo hacer nada. Informal English MARTÍN Excuse me, Sir, but the ATM won't give me my card back. MANAGER How long have ya' been in Peru? MARTÍN A couple of days. MANAGER And does your bank know that you've traveled to Peru? MARTÍN Shoot! I forgot to let them know! MANAGER I'm sorry, but I can't do anything.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root devolver to return, to give back verb Latin, devolv?re (to roll down)

tarjeta card fem. noun French, targette (bolt) olvidarse to forget reflexive verb Latin, oblitare (to cause to be forgotten) avisar to inform, to let know, to verb French, avis (opinion) warn cajero, -a ATM (masculine noun masc. & fem. noun Latin, capsar?us (a slave only), bank teller who carries satchels of master) nada nothing, not at all, indef. pronoun, adverb, Latin, nata (born) nothingness, not.. fem. noun, interjection anything Vocabulary Sample Sentences ¿Por qué no me has devuelto el auto? (Why haven't you given me back my car?) Se puede comprar tarjetas telefónicas en muchos (Phone cards can be purchased in many places.) lugares. Tu tío siempre se olvida traer su traje de baño. (Your uncle always forgets to bring his swimsuit.) Había avisado a mi amigo que no podía (I had let my friend know that I wouldn't be able to acompañarle. join him.) ¿Dónde queda el cajero más cercano? (Where is the nearest ATM?) ¿Dónde queda el cajero más cercano al hotel? (Where is the nearest ATM to the hotel?) ¿Por qué no haces nada? (Why don't you do anything?) 3 Grammar Points The verb "hacer" (to make, to do), as we've seen, is used very often in Spanish, and due to this frequency of usage, it tends to take on many different meanings. Today, we see it being used to express time in the past. The third person singular form, or so-called "impersonal" is used in this construction: "hace". This is followed my some amount of time, such as "mucho tiempo", "cuánto", "unos días", etc.

In order to ask "how long have you been here?", we will use this expression:

"¿Hace cuánto tiempo que estás aquí? (How long have you been here?).

The complete answer to this question is as follows:

"Desde hace + period of time".

The shortened form of this, which is also correct, is "hace + period of time".

For example:

Question- "¿Hace cuánto tiempo que estás en el Perú?" (How long have you been in Peru?)

Answer- "Hace un par de días." (A couple of days.)

*Notice how the verb "estar", conjugated to the present tense of the indicative mood "estoy", changes to the Present Perfect in English "I have been".

Let's look a little closer at how to form these kinds of questions and answers:

La pregunta (The Question):

["Hacer" 3rd person singular of the present indicative] + [Interrogative Adjective] + [Noun] + [Conjunction] + [Present Indicative of "Estar"] + [Indirect Object Phrase]

"¿[Hace] + [cuánto] + [tiempo] + [que] + [estás] + [en el Perú]?" (How long have you been in Peru?)

4 La respuesta afirmativa (The Affirmative Answer):

["Hacer" 3rd person singular of present indicative ] + [Amount of Time] + [Conjunction] + [Present Indicative of "Estar"] + [Indirect Object Phrase].

"[Hace] + [tres meses] + [que] + [estoy] + [en el Perú]." (I've been in Peru for three months.)

La respuesta negativa (The Negative Answer):

["Hacer" 3rd person singular of present indicative ] + [Amount of Time] + [Conjunction] + [Negation] + [Present Indicative of "Estar"] + [Indirect Object Phrase].

"[Hace] + [tres meses] + [que] + [no} + [estoy] + [en el Perú]." (It's been three months since I was in Peru).

Observe the following samples sentences to see how the construction works:

"Hace un año que no te veo." (It's been a year since last I saw you.)

"¿Hace cuánto que vives ahí?" (How long have you lived there?)

"Hace una semana que no sale el sol." (It's been a week since the sun has come out.)

*The tenses are not always going to be the same. For example, I could say "I hadn't seen you in a long time", which would require us to use the imperfect tense for the verb "hacer", again, conjugated to the third person singular: "hacía mucho tiempo que no te viera". While this form is a little more complex, to get started you might stick to the present tense forms of the verbs. This form of "hacer" in the third person singular can also be used to talk about something that "just" happened. For example, if you ask me "¿cuándo salió Marcos?" (when did Marcos leave?), I could say "hace poco" (a little while a ago) or even "hace un rato" (just a bit ago).

Cultural Insight

In today's world, banks are very conscious of theft. If you know that you are going to be traveling abroad for an 5 extended period of time, it is a good idea for you to let your bank know. If not, do not be surprised when you attempt to purchase something and your card is rejected. It has happened to me before with both my debit card and my credit card. Most cards have a toll free or international collect call number that you may call to resolve the issue. Your best bet is to alert your bank before you leave your country of residence. Tell them the length of your stay and which countries you will be visiting. You will not have any problems after that. Remember, it is all for your protection!

Newbie Lesson S1 The bureaucracy of the ATM troll

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 36 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 3 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 4 Cultural Insight 8 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish

MARTÍN Pero, señor, ¿qué hago? Acabo de llegar a Lima, ¡y ya no tengo cómo retirar dinero! GERENTE Lo lamento, pero este procedimiento es por su seguridad. MARTÍN Le confieso que sin la tarjeta me siento desamparado. GERENTE Lo único que le quedaría sería hacer una solicitud a su banco para tramitar la devolución de su tarjeta...pero no es recomendable. MARTÍN ¿No? ¿Y por qué? GERENTE Porque en toda mi experiencia como gerente de este banco, ningún cliente con el caso como el de usted ha recibido su tarjeta de vuelta. Siento mucho no poderle ayudar.

Formal English

MARTIN But, Sir, what do I do? I've just arrived in Lima, and now I don't have a way to withdraw money! MANAGER I am sorry, but this procedure is for your safety. MARTIN To tell you the truth, without my card I feel abandoned. MANAGER The only other thing that you could do would be to make a request to your bank so that they process the return of your card... but it is not 2 recommendable. MARTIN No? And why not? MANAGER Because in all of my experience as manager of this bank, no client with a case like yours has received his or her card back. I am really sorry that I cannot help you.

Informal Spanish

MARTÍN Pero, amigo, ¿qué hago? Acabo de llegar a Lima, ¡y ya no tengo cómo retirar dinero! GERENTE Lo lamento, pero este procedimiento es por tu seguridad. MARTÍN Te confieso que sin la tarjeta me siento desamparado. GERENTE Lo único que te quedaría sería hacer una solicitud a tu banco para tramitar la devolución de tu tarjeta...pero no es recomendable.

MARTÍN ¿No? ¿Y por qué? GERENTE Porque en toda mi experiencia como gerente de este banco, ningún cliente con el caso como el tuyo ha recibido su tarjeta de vuelta. Siento mucho no poderte ayudar.

Informal English

MARTIN But, buddy, what do I do? I've just arrived in Lima, and now I don't have a way to withdraw money! MANAGER I'm sorry, but this procedure is for your safety. MARTIN To tell ya' the truth, without my card I feel abandoned. MANAGER The only other thing that ya' could do would be to make a request to your bank so that they process the return of your card... but it's not recommendable. MARTIN No? And why not? MANAGER Because in all of my experience as manager of this bank, no client with a case like yours has received his or her card back. I'm really sorry that I can't help ya'.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root 3 retirar to withdraw verb French, retirer (to retreat) lamentar to be sorry, to lament verb Latin, lament?re (to lament) procedimiento procedure masc. noun Latin, proced?re (to go forth) seguridad safety fem. noun Latin, securus (free from care) experiencia experience fem. noun Latin, experient?a (act of trying) gerente manager masc. & fem. noun Latin, gerens (leading)

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

¿Cuánto dinero deseas retirar? (How much money do you wish to withdraw?) Lamentamos no poderte asistir. (We're sorry for being unable to help you.) Lo lamento, pero no tengo la autoridad para hacer(I'm sorry, but I don't have the authority to do what lo que usted me pide, señor. you, Sir, ask of me.) Es importante que todos entendamos claramente (It's important that we all understand the los procedimientos. procedures clearly.) Tenemos que revisar algunos datos, pero no se (We have to go over some information, but don't preocupe, es por su seguridad. worry, it's for your safety.) ¿Qué me podría decir, usted, sobre su experiencia (What could you tell me, Sir, about your work laboral? experience?) ¿Hace cuánto tiempo que trabajas de gerente? (How long have you worked as a manager?) ¿Ya ha llegado el gerente? (Has the manager arrived yet?)

Grammar Points

Pronouns replace nouns or noun phrases in sentences where the context still allows the meaning to be understood (i.e. 'They are my shirts' becomes 'They are mine'). Possessive pronouns, then, show "possession" or "ownership" while at the same time replacing the noun or the noun phrase.

Let's have a look at the forms:

4 1st Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Masc. Noun:

mío (mine) = El libro es mío. (The book is mine.)

1st Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Fem. Noun:

mía (mine) = La copa es mía. (The cup is mine.)

1st Person Sing. Prn. + Pl. Masc. Noun:

míos (mine) = Los libros son míos. (The books are mine.)

1st Person Pl. Prn. + Sing. Masc. Noun:

nuestro (ours) = El libro es nuestro. (The book is ours.)

1st Person Pl. Prn. + Sing. Fem. Noun:

nuestra (ours) = La copa es nuestra. (The cup is ours.)

1st Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Masc. Noun:

nuestros (ours) = Los libros son nuestros. (The books are ours.)

1st Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Feminine Noun:

nuestras (ours) = Las copas son nuestras. (The cups are ours.)

------

2nd Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Masc. Noun:

tuyo (yours) = El libro es tuyo. (The book is yours.)

2nd Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Fem. Noun:

tuya (yours) = La copa es tuya. (The cup is yours.)

2nd Person Sing. Prn. + Pl. Masc. Noun:

tuyos (yours) = Los libros son tuyos. (The books are yours.)

2nd Person Sing. Prn. + Pl. Fem. Noun:

tuyas (yours) = Las copas son tuyas. (The cups are yours.)

2nd Person Pl. Prn. + Sing. Masc. Noun:

6 vuestro (yours) = El libro es vuestro. (The book is all of yours)

2nd Person Pl. Prn. + Sing. Fem. Noun:

vuestra (yours) = La copa es vuestra. (The cup is all of yours.)

2nd Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Masc. Noun:

vuestros (yours) = Los libros son vuestros. (The books are all of yours.)

2nd Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Fem. Noun:

vuestras (yours) = Las copas son vuestras. (The cups are all of yours.)

------

3rd Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Masc. Noun:

suyo (his, hers, yours, its) = El libro es suyo. (The book is his, hers, yours, its.)

3rd Person Sing. Prn. + Sing. Fem. Noun:

suya (his, hers, yours, its) = La copa es suya. (The cup is his, hers, yours, its.)

7 3rd Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Masc. Noun:

suyos (his, hers, all of yours, its) = Los libros son suyos. (The books aretheirs, theirs, all of yours, theirs.)

3rd Person Pl. Prn. + Pl. Fem. Noun:

suyas (his, hers, all of yours, its) = Las copas son suyas. (The cups are theirs, theirs, all of yours, theirs .)

Here are some sample sentences that show how the formations are used:

"¡Deja los platos sucios! Son míos." (Leave the dirty dishes. They're mine.)

"El periódico que está en la mesa es tuyo." (The newspaper that's on the table is yours.)

"Martín siempre deja la ropa en el piso. La camisa es suya." (Martín always leave clothes on the floor. The shirt is his.)

*Remember that possessive pronouns replace the noun to which they refer. For example, we can change the sentence "es mi revista" (it is my magazine), to "es mía" (it is mine). Don't get confused when we say "la revista es mía"; if we didn't used "mía", we would have to repeat the noun "revista" and say "la revista es mi revista". Therefore, we are in fact replacing this second noun with the possessive pronoun.

If you'd like to expand your understanding of pronouns in general, you might also study direct and indirect object pronouns, which tell us whom or what receives the verbal action directly and whom or what receives it indirectly: We can change the sentence "Le dí las llaves ayer. Son de ella." (I gave her the keys yesterday. They are hers.), to "Se las dí ayer. Son suyas." (I gave them to her yesterday. They are hers.)

As always, visit the Grammar Bank in the Learning Center for all the detailed information you need on 8 these complex topics! Cultural Insight

The bureaucracy in Latin American public and private banking institutions are usually very poorly organized. In Lima, lines are so long that they play full length movies on the TV screens as people coil through the waiting area. In Costa Rica, the lines are just as bad. Most travelers would be used to walking up to an ATM and taking out money. In Latin America, be prepared to wait in line. Things become especially bad on the 1st and 15th of the month. This is usually when people get paid. If you have to go to a bank, try to arrive at an off peak time. In my experience, 2pm is the best time to go if possible.

Newbie Lesson S1 It's absurd! It really is stupidity!

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 37 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 3 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 4 Cultural Insight 5 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish

MARTÍN Entonces, ¿por qué presentan la solicitud como una opción? ¡Es absurdo! Jejeje.... ¡es realmente una tontería! GERENTE Esas son las normas, señor. ¿Le podría asistir en algo más? MARTÍN Hmm... Sí, de hecho necesito usar los servicios, pero temo no ser devuelto. GERENTE Jeje... Bueno, señor... MARTÍN Me es difícil creer que usted no pueda hacer nada. GERENTE Así son las cosas. Que tenga un buen día.

Formal English

MARTIN So then, why do offer the request as an option? It's absurd! Hahaha... it really is stupidity! MANAGER Those are the rules, Sir. Could I assist with anything else? MARTIN Hmm... Yes, actually I need to use the rest room, but I'm afraid it won't give me back. MANAGER Hehe... well, Sir. MARTIN It's hard for me to believe that you can't do anything. MANAGER That's how it goes. Have a nice day. 2 Informal Spanish

MARTÍN Entonces, ¿por qué presentad la solicitud como una opción? ¡Es absurdo! Jejeje.... ¡es realmente una tontería! GERENTE Esas son las normas, compadre. ¿Te puedo asistir en algo más? MARTÍN Hmm... Sí, de hecho necesito usar los servicios, pero temo no ser devuelto. GERENTE Jeje... Bueno, compadre... MARTÍN Me es difícil creer que tú no puedas hacer nada. GERENTE Así son las cosas. Que tengas un buen día.

Informal English

MARTIN So then, why do ya' offer the request as an option? It's absurd! Hahaha... it really is stupidity! MANAGER Those are the rules, buddy. Can I assist with anything else? MARTIN Hmm... Yes, actually I need to use the rest room, but I'm afraid it won't give me back. MANAGER Hehe... well, Sir. MARTIN It's hard for me to believe that ya' can't do anything. MANAGER That's how it goes. Have a nice day.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root tontería stupidity, stupid thing, fem. noun unknown nonsense norma rule, norm, standard fem. noun Latin, norma (rule, standard) asistir attend, to serve, to assist verb Latin, assistere (to stop next to) servicios restroom facilities, pl. masc. noun Latin, servit?um services (slavery) devuelto returned, given back past participle Latin, devol?tus (succession of 3 ownership) así like this, like that, so adverb, adjective Latin, sic (thus, such)

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

No digas tonterías. (Quit talking nonsense.) Una de las normas más importantes es la de (One of the most important regulations is that of control de calidad. quality control.) ¿Con qué te puedo asistir? (How can I help you?) ¿Dónde encuentro los servicios? (Where can I find the restroom facilities?) Cuando me llamaste, ya te había devuelto las (When you called me, I had already left you the llaves en tu casa. keys at your house.) ¿Por qué no me has devuelto el auto? (Why haven't you given me back my car?) Así parecería. (So it would seem.)

No te preocupes, Mariana, así son los hombres. (Don't worry, Mariana, men are like that.)

Grammar Points

An indirect object is to whom or for whom the action of the verb is carried out. When the noun that's acting as an indirect object is replaced by a pronoun, then it's called an indirect object pronoun. In English, indirect object pronouns are: me, you, him, her, us and them.

Let's have a look at how that this translates to Spanish:

Indirect Object Pronouns receive the verbal action "indirectly". So, they don't tell us "what" happened, but rather for whom it happened, or to what it happened. What can be tricky about learning these in Spanish is that they usually don't require prepositions. Depending on the placement of one of these words, these indirect object pronouns, and the context in general, we will understand the prepositional meaning implicit in the pronominal phrase.

Formation:

me (to/for me) -----*----- nos (to/for us) 4 te (to/for you, inform.) -----*----- os (to/for you all, inform.) le (to/for him) -----*----- les (to/for them, masc.)

le (to/for her) -----*----- les (to/for them, fem.)

le (to/for you, form.) -----*----- les ( o/for you all, form.)

Observe the following sample senteces (The first is from today's lesson conversation):

"Me es difícil creer que, usted, no pueda hacer nada." (It's hard for me to believe that you can't do anything.)

"Me es interesante escuchar lo que me cuentas." (It's interesting for me to listen to what you tell me.)

"Que las vacaciones te sean gratas." (May the holidays be enjoyable for you.)

"Ella me dijo que vendría esta noche." (She said to me that she would come tonight.)

"Te daré todo lo que tengo." (I will give all that I have to you.)

"A Mariana la universidad le mandó su diploma." (The university sent to Mariana her diploma.)

*If you want to learn more about pronouns, why not also study Direct Object Pronouns and Possessive Pronouns to get a clearer view of the big picture. For example, "me es grato tenerte, eres mío". Here, the indirect object pronoun is "me" as in ("me es grato"); the direct object pronoun is "te" as in "tenerte"; and the possessive pronoun is "mío" as in "eres mío". All these topics are covered in greater depth in the Grammar Bank of the Learning Center!

Cultural Insight

5 I have a funny story that addresses the issue of the futility of expressing frustration to a bureaucrat. A friend wanted to come to Latin America. He didn't have a passport and applied for one. Now, an American passport can be expedited for a fee and that was what he wanted. He paid a fee to get the normally 6 week process speeded up. What he didn't know what that the expedition process required more questions regarding your trip and destination. When an official called him to ask some questions he was offended and answered in a very rude way. He has never travelled internationally and I told him that the minute you get frustrated with the process you have lost. They have all the power. In the end, he was required to drive quite a distance to get his passport. Bureaucrats see many people throughout the day with the same issues and your best bet is to grin and bear the stress. Think about it, you are there for a couple of hours at max and they are there all day. Make your life easier and simply show courtesy to those who have the power to make your travels a horrible experience.

Newbie Lesson S1 Calling for Backup

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 38 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 3 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 4 Cultural Insight 5 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish

JOSÉ LUIS ¿Aló? MARTÍN ¡Oiga, compadre, habla Martín, el banco me acaba complicar las cosas! El cajero se comió mi tarjeta y el gerente se escuda en una ley injusta para no devolvérmela. JOSÉ LUIS Oiga, compadre, ¡qué tal mañana la suya! MARTÍN ¡Recójame, hermano! Estoy en la quinta cuadra de Pardo. Tengo que ir a mi casa y de allí al Western Union. Mi hermana me va a hacer una transferencia. JOSÉ LUIS Claro, hermano. Déme quince minutos, me acabo de levantar. MARTÍN Está bien, gracias. JOSÉ LUIS Nooo... ¿de qué? Ya nos vemos, chau. MARTÍN Chau.

Formal English

JOSÉ LUIS Hello? MARTÍN Listen, my friend, it is Martin speaking. The bank has just complicated things for me! The ATM ate my card and the manager is hiding behind an unjust law so he doesn't have to give it back to me. JOSÉ LUIS Hey there, my friend, what a morning you have had! 2 MARTÍN Pick me up, brother! I am on the fifth blog of Pardo. I have to go to my house and from there to Western Union. My sister is going to make a transfer for me. JOSÉ LUIS Of course, my brother, give me fifteen minutes, I just woke up. MARTÍN Sure, thanks. JOSÉ LUIS Nooo... For what? See you soon. Bye! MARTÍN Bye.

Informal Spanish

JOSÉ LUIS ¿Aló? MARTÍN ¡Oye broder, habla Martín, el banco me acaba de cagar! El cajero se comió mi tarjeta y el gerente se escuda en una ley cojuda para no devolvérmela.

JOSÉ LUIS Oye, compadre, ¡qué tal mañana la tuya! MARTÍN ¡Recójeme, hermano! Estoy en la quinta cuadra de Pardo. Tengo que ir a mi casa y de allí al Western Union. Mi hermana me va a hacer una transferencia. JOSÉ LUIS Claro, hermano. Dame quince minutos, me acabo de levantar. MARTÍN Está bien, gracias. JOSÉ LUIS Nooo... ¿de qué? Ya nos vemos, chau. MARTÍN Chau.

Informal English

JOSÉ LUIS Yo? MARTÍN Hey, hermano, it's Martín, the bank has just screwed me over! The ATM ate my card and the manager is hiding behind a lame law so that he doesn't have to give it back to me. JOSÉ LUIS Wow, dude, what a morning you've had! MARTÍN Pick me up, man! I'm on the fifth block of Pardo. I've got to go to my house and from there, to Western Union. My sister is going to wire me a transfer. JOSÉ LUIS Of course, man. Give me fifteen minutes, I just got up. MARTÍN Cool, thanks. JOSÉ LUIS Nooo... What for? See ya' soon. Bye. 3 MARTÍN Bye.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root cagar to deficate, to screw up verb (vulgar) Latin, cac?re (to (slang), to crap (vulgar) defecate) escudar to shield verb Latin, scutum (shield) quinto, -a fifth adjective Latin, quintus (fifth) cojudo, -a lame, stupid adjective (slang) Latin, coxus (lame) transferencia transfer, wire transfer fem. noun Latin, transferre (to carry) tener que ir to have to go verbal phrase Latin, ten?re (to hold) + ire (to go)

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

¡La cagaste! (You screwed up!) El criminal se escudó bajo una ley antigüa. (The criminal shielded himself under an old law.) Esta es la quinta vez que me llamas. (This is the fifth time that you call me.) No seas cojudo y acompáñame. (Don't be lame and come with me.) Mi hermano me envió una transferencia ayer y (My brother sent me a wire transfer yesterday, and vengo a recogerla. I've come to pick it up.) Teníamos que ir a mi casa antes de venir aquí. (We had to go to my house before coming here.) Tenemos que ir. ¡Póngale! (We have to go. Get a move on!)

Grammar Points

One of the ways to express obligation it to use the verb "tener" (to have). Think of this formation along the same lines that we express obligation in English: "I HAVE to study."

We can also express impersonal obligation with the verb "haber" (there is/there are). When we say something like "one must pay", we are expressing an impersonal obligation because the particular person who must pay is not specified.

Below we cover how to express personal and impersonal obligation: 4 PERSONAL OBLIGATION

"tener + que + infinitivo del verbo"

(To have + to + infinitive of verb)

IMPERSONAL OBLIGATION

"hay + que + infinitivo del verbo"

(one must + infinitive of verb)

SAMPLE SENTENCES - EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL OBLIGATION:

"Yo tengo que salir" (I have to go out).

"Tú tienes que descansar" (You have to rest).

"Él tiene que leer su libro" (He has to read his book).

"Tenemos que comprar leche" (We have to buy milk).

"Ellos tienen que practicar" (They have to practice).

"Ustedes tienen que dormir" (You all have to sleep).

SAMPLE SENTENCES - EXAMPLES OF IMPERSONAL OBLIGATION:

"Hay que tener paciencia". (One must have patience).

"Hay que estudiar para graduarse". (One must study in order to graduate).

5 "Hay que ir al centro". (One must go downtown).

*When talking about past obligation, we conjugate the verb "tener" (to have) in the Imperfect Past Tense. The structure is the same:

"Yo tengo que estudiar" (I have to study), becomes "Yo tenía que estudiar" (I had to study).

Cultural Insight

Getting a wire transfer is generally easy. Western Union and other money transfer services are worldwide and you receive your money very quickly. There is a fee of course, but when one is in a pinch it doesn't matter. Getting a wire transfer to a foreign bank account is another thing all together. Your local bank will assist you but do not be surprised when both banks charge you for the privilege of accessing your own money. This transfer's smoothness depends on the country and bank in question. Understandably, many countries have very strict banking laws. A lot of information must be provided. Do not get frustrated with the questions or the delay, they are there for your protection, that and the gentlemen with the shotgun standing outside.

Newbie Lesson S1 Better to cut your losses

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 39 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 3 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 4 Cultural Insight 6 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish

JOSÉ LUIS Hola, Martín. ¿Qué dice? MARTÍN Todo sigue igual. Vámonos. ¡Me raya este pendejo! JOSÉ LUIS Tranquilo no más. Mire, ese tipo no va a cambiar de idea. Así es la burocrácia aquí. MARTÍN Usted tiene razón. Mejor cortar por lo sano. JOSÉ LUIS Oiga, cuando terminemos, le invito unas cervezas. MARTÏN Muy temprano para mí, José. JOSÉ LUIS Entonces, ¡tendríamos que almorzar primero! MARTÍN Jeje... Bueno, no me opongo. Gracias de nuevo.

Formal English

JOSÉ LUIS Hello, Martin. What do you say? MARTÍN Nothing has changed. Let's go. I cannot stand this wise guy! JOSÉ LUIS Cool down. Look, that guy is never going to change his mind. That is how bureaucracy is here. MARTÍN You are right. Better to cut your losses. JOSÉ LUIS Listen, when we are done, let me buy you a beer. MARTÏN A little too early for me, Pepe. JOSÉ LUIS Then we will just have to have lunch first. 2 MARTÍN Haha... Well, I will not oppose. Thanks again.

Informal Spanish

JOSÉ LUIS Hola, Martín. ¿Qué dices? MARTÍN Todo sigue igual.Vámonos. ¡Me raya este pendejo! JOSÉ LUIS Tranquilo no más. Mira, ese tipo no va a cambiar de idea. Así es la burocrácia aquí. MARTÍN Tienes razón. Mejor cortar por lo sano. JOSÉ LUIS Oye, cuando terminemos, te invito unas cervezas. MARTÏN Muy temprano para mí, Pepe. JOSÉ LUIS Entonces, ¡tendríamos que almorzar primero! MARTÍN Jeje... Bueno, no me opongo. Gracias de nuevo.

Informal English

JOSÉ LUIS Hey, Martin. What's up? MARTÍN Nothing has changed. Let's go. I can't stand this wise guy! JOSÉ LUIS Cool down, man. Look, that guy is never gonna' change his mind. That's how bureaucracy is here. MARTÍN You're right. Better to cut your losses. JOSÉ LUIS Hey, when we're done, let me buy you a beer. MARTÏN A little too early for me, Pepe. JOSÉ LUIS Then we'll just have to have lunch first. MARTÍN Haha... Well, I won't oppose. Thanks again.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root rayar to underline, to verb Latin, radiāre (to scratch, to border emit beams) on, to drive crazy pendejo wise guy; dummy masc. noun (coll.) Latin, pectinicŭlus (little pubic hair) burocracia bureaucracy fem. noun French, bureau (office) + cratie (rule) cortar por lo sano to cut one's losses verbal phrase Latin, curtāre (to 3 shorten) + pro (for) + sanus (healthy) cerveza beer fem. noun Latin, cerevisĭa (beer) oponer to oppose verb Latin, opponĕre (to oppose)

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

Lo que me raya es que nunca llegas a tiempo. (What drives me crazy is that you never show up on time.) No deberías mezclarte con ese pendejo. (You shouldn't get mixed up with that wiseguy.) No tengo paciencia por ese tipo de burocrácia. (I don't have patience for that kind of bureaucracy.)

No te enfurezcas. Mejor es cortar por lo sano. (Don't get infuriated. It's better to cut your losses.) ¡Tomemos un par de cervezas! (Let's have a couple of beers!) Si tú quieres salir a comer, no me opongo. (If you to go out to eat, I don't oppose.)

Grammar Points

Today, we study how to express future actions using "la perífrasis" (a unit made up of one verb in a personal form and another in an impersonal form). This way of speaking often takes the place of the Absolute Future.

Here, we conjugate the personal verb "ir" (to go) and then we add the preposition "a" and the infinitive of the future action to be carried out.

Unlike the Absolute Future Tense, which expresses a definitive statement that we will do something, we are expressing "el futuro de intención" (the future of intention), which shows our intention to carry out an action with less absolute certainty.

In order to build this structure we need to know the conjugation of the verb "ir" (to go) in both the Imperfect Past Tense and the Present Tense.

4 FORMATION: "ir (personal verb) + a + infinitive (impersonal verb)"

PRESENT TENSE:

yo voy a... tú vas a... él va a... ella va a... usted va a... nosotros vamos a... vosotros vais a... ellos/ellas van a... ustedes van a...

IMPERFECT PAST TENSE:

yo iba a... tú ibas a... él iba a... ella iba a... usted iba a... nosotros íbamos a... vosotros ibais a... ellos/ellas iban a... ustedes iban a...

Take a look at the following sample sentences to see how we use this construction:

"Voy a caminar en el parque" (I'm going to walk in the park). "Vas a hacer tu tarea" (You are going to do your homework).

*Contrast this to the following use of the Absolute Future:

"Iré a caminar en el parque" (I will go to walk in the park). "Harás tu tarea" (You will do your homework).

Now observe the difference between Present Tense and Imperfect Past Tense conjugation of the verb "ir (to go): 5 "Yo voy a trabajar" (I am going to work).

"Yo iba a trabajar" (I was going to work).

"Tú vas a venir" (You are going to come).

"Tú ibas a venir" (You were going to come).

"Ella va a dormir" (She is going to sleep).

"Ella iba dormir" (She was going to sleep).

"Nosotros vamos a jugar" (We are going to play).

"Nosotros íbamos a jugar" (We were going to play).

"Vosotros vais a comer algo" (You all are going to eat something).

"Vosotros ibais a comer algo" (You all were going to eat something).

"Ellos van a correr" (They are going to run).

"Ellos iban a correr" (They were going to run).

*Remember that "ir" (to go) is referred to as the personal verb in this case because we are conjugating it to show who is going to carry out the impersonal action (the attached infinitive).

There are two reasons why this periphrastic construction is so important to learn: 1) it's very, very common in everyday speech, since this expresses a future tense in a less direct way than the absolute future. 2) Secondly, it's so important to learn because the verb "ir" (to go) is very, very irregular, which means that you're going to have to memorize the forms.

There are many different kinds of periphrastic constructions in Spanish. For example, we can say "estoy por llegar", which means "I am about to arrive" or "este concept puede ser difícil" (this concept can be difficult). Check out the Grammar Bank for more information!

6 Cultural Insight

Luckily, if you are a foreigner that finds themselves at the mercy of a Spanish speaking bureaucracy they will almost certainly have someone who speaks English to communicate with you. In my opinion, dealing with an bureacracy successfully requires a good amount of humility. As an individual, you are already at a disadvantage. Frustration will never help the situation. Depending on the infraction, usually politiness and courtesy is your best bet. Keep in mind that government workers are expecting to be contended with by an angry individual and you will awaken their defensiveness very quickly. Take the inconvenience in stride and if you are accussed of anything, do not sign anything that you cannot understand!

Newbie Lesson S1 If you want to flatter me, I'm not opposed

Formal Spanish 2 Formal English 2 40 Informal Spanish 2 Informal English 2 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Points 4 Cultural Insight 5 SpanishPod101.com Learn Spanish with FREE Podcasts

Formal Spanish

MARIELA Andrés, ¿cómo le van los estudios? ANDRÉS No tan mal como antes. Poco a poco me estoy soltando. MARIELA ¡Imáginese que hace poco con las justas podía saludar! ANDRÉS Con paciencia y perserverancia, como decía mi abuelo. MARIELA Dentro de poco usted hablará mejor que yo. ANDRÉS Jeje... no lo creo, pero si quiere halagarme, no me opongo.

Formal English

MARIELA Andrés, how are your studies going? ANDRÉS Not as bad as before. Little by little I am loosening up. MARIELA Imagine that not too long ago you could barely say hello! ANDRÉS With patience and perseverance, like my grandpa used to say. MARIELA Pretty soon, you will be speaking better than I do. ANDRÉS Hehe... I do not believe it, but if you want to flatter me, I am not opposed.

Informal Spanish 2 MARIELA Andrés, ¿cómo te van los estudios? ANDRÉS No tan mal como antes. Poco a poco me estoy soltando. MARIELA ¡Imáginate que hace poco con las justas podías saludar! ANDRÉS Con paciencia y perserverancia, como decía mi abuelo. MARIELA Dentro de poco hablarás mejor que yo. ANDRÉS Jeje... no lo creo, pero si quieres halagarme, no me opongo.

Informal English

MARIELA Andrés, how are your studies goin'? ANDRÉS Not as bad as before. Little by little I'm loosening up. MARIELA Imagine that not too long ago you could barely say hello! ANDRÉS With patience and perseverance, like my grandpa used to say.

MARIELA Pretty soon, you'll be speakin' better than I do. ANDRÉS Hehe... I don't believe it, but if you wanna flatter me, I'm not opposed.

Vocabulary Spanish English Class Root tan so, such, as adverb Latin, tam (so, so much so) poco a poco little by little adverbial locution of Latin, paucus (little) time + ad (to) + paucus (little) soltar to loosen up, to let verb Latin, solūtus go (unbound) con las justas barely, by the skin set phrase Latin, cum (with) + of one's teeth iustus (just) saludar to say hello, to send verb Latin, salutăre (to one's regards greet) perseverancia perseverance fem. noun Latin, perseverantĭa (persistence in anything undertaken)

3 Vocabulary Sample Sentences

Esa chica es tan inteligente. (That girl is so smart.) Poco a poco te acostumbrarás. (Little by little you'll get used to it.) Después de estudiar por cinco meses me solté y (After studying for five months, I loosened up and empecé a hablar. began to speak.) Llegué al paradero con la justas. Veinte segundos (I arrived the bus stop by the skin of my teeth. después pasó el micro. Twenty seconds later the bus passed by. Salúdale a tu hermano de mi parte. (Say hello to your brother for me.) Te vi ayer, pero estuve demasiado apurada para (I saw you yesterday, but I was in too much of a saludar. hurry to say hello.) Con un poco de perseverancia se logra mucho. (A lot is achieved with a little perseverance.)

Grammar Points

Here, we will take a closer look at comparisons of equality. In English we use an adjective or an adverb and the word "as" to make such comparisons. For instance, "this lesson is as interesting as the last one". In Spanish, there is a simple formula that we use to construct the same kinds of comparisons of equality:

Tan + adjective or adverb + Como

*It is possible to make both positive and negative comparisons of equality. For example, "this lesson is as long as the last one, but it is not as hard as the rest."

POSITIVE COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY:

"Manejas tan lento como mi abuela." (You drive as slowly as my grandma does.)

"La comida aquí es tan rica como la comida que mi madre prepara." (The food here is as delicious as the food that my mother prepares.)

"Habla tan rápido como un papagayo." (He speaks as fast as a parrot.)

"Su carro es tan nuevo como su carro de mi tío." 4 (His car is as new as my uncle's car.)

NEGATIVE COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY:

"No tan mal como antes." (Not as bad as before.) *{From the lesson conversation}

"Esta película no es tan interesante como la que vimos anoche." (This movie isn't as interesting as the one we saw last night.)

"La tarea de hoy no es tan difícil como la de ayer." (Today's homework is not as difficult as yesterday's.)

"Angela no es tan alta como Maria." (Angela is not as tall as Maria.)

*We can make positive statements that indicate the equality between two or more things. However, we can also use the same structure while adding the word "no" to show that one thing is not equal to another. In either case, the construction "tan + adjective/adverb + como" remains intact.

Cultural Insight

At the end of Newbie Season 1 one should feel they have a grasp of the fundamentals of the Spanish language. The Newbie series focuses on the bare bones and now with the completion you are ready to move on to the beginner series. As you move on, the conversations will become more involved and you will see that the grammar concepts as well the vocabulary build from the Newbie series. This scaffolding method helps students gage their progress and have a generally accurate sense just where they are in their studies. If you feel like you need more assistance, Newbie series 2 is there to fill any holes.

Thank You

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