NOVEMBER 2020 I Vietnamese Journal of Primatology
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The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: a Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats
viruses Article The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: A Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats Clifton D. McKee 1,* , Ausraful Islam 2 , Stephen P. Luby 3, Henrik Salje 4, Peter J. Hudson 5, Raina K. Plowright 6 and Emily S. Gurley 1 1 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; [email protected] 2 Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; [email protected] 3 Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; [email protected] 5 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Nipah virus is a bat-borne paramyxovirus that produces yearly outbreaks of fatal en- cephalitis in Bangladesh. Understanding the ecological conditions that lead to spillover from bats to humans can assist in designing effective interventions. To investigate the current and historical processes that drive Nipah spillover in Bangladesh, we analyzed the relationship among spillover events and climatic conditions, the spatial distribution and size of Pteropus medius roosts, and patterns of land-use change in Bangladesh over the last 300 years. We found that 53% of annual variation Citation: McKee, C.D.; Islam, A.; in winter spillovers is explained by winter temperature, which may affect bat behavior, physiology, Luby, S.P.; Salje, H.; Hudson, P.J.; Plowright, R.K.; Gurley, E.S. -
Southwest Guangdong, 28 April to 7 May 1998
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department South China Institute of Botany South China Agricultural University South China Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College January 2002 South China Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 4 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau, Ng Sai-Chit and Bosco P.L. Chan Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) Lawrence K.C. Chau (LC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Deng Yunfei (DYF) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Agricultural University: Xiao Mianyuan (XMY) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary consultants: Guillaume de Rougemont (GDR) Keith Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of two field trips in Southwest Guangdong by members of Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first three years is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora. -
Phytochemical Composition and Pleotropic Pharmacological Properties of Jamun, Syzygium Cumini Skeels
Review Article Phytochemical Composition and Pleotropic Pharmacological Properties of Jamun, Syzygium Cumini Skeels Ganesh Chandra Jagetia* Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India Abstract Plants have been employed as medicine since time immemorial, and there has been a recent resurgence in the use of plants as medicines due to their little or no toxicity at the doses used for treatment of different ailments. This review discusses in detail the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Jamun (Syzygium cumini), a tree belonging to family Myrtaceae, which has been credited with several medicinal properties in the traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda. The different properties attributed to Jamun are sweet, sour, astringent, ac- rid, refrigerant, carminative, diuretic, and digestive. Research and practical use in traditional medicinal systems have found Jamun to be effective in treating leucorrhoea, gastric disorders, fever, diabetes, piles, stomachache, wounds, and dental, digestive and skin disorders. Some compounds in Jamun have antioxidant, antimicrobial, an- tiallergic, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and radioprotective activity. Finally, Jamun has been found to contain phytochemicals including anthroquinones, al- kaloids, catechins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The diverse activities of Jamun may be due to its abilities to scavenge free radicals, increase antioxidant status of cells by increasing glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and/or superoxide dismutase, and to attenuate lipid per- oxidation. In addition, it also suppresses the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and other proinflam- matory cytokines, accompanied by the up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 transcription, which is involved in regulating the antioxidant status of the cells. -
Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of Syzygium Cumini Flowering Plant
ISSN(Online) : 2319 - 8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347 - 6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2015 Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of Syzygium cumini Flowering Plant Mohamed A. Siddig*,1, Abdelgadir E. Abdelgadir2, Abdelrahman A. Elbadawi3, Eltayeb M. Mustafa1, Anwar A. Mussa4 Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan1 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan3 Postgraduate, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan4 ABSTRACT: In this study, the flowering plant of syzygium cumini was used. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the structure of the leaves and barks of syzygium cumini. The XRD results were indicated that the structures of both leaves and bark were amorphous. The XRF results indicated that both leaves and barks contained Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), (Ti), and Magnesium (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Zernike (As), Lead (Pb), Barium (Br), Strontium (Sr). The optical properties of syzygium cumini were carried out using Fourier Transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultra violet spectroscopy (UV). The FTIR spectra showed a broad and strong absorption band in the range (685-1638) cm–1, and these absorptions were assigned to the different stretching vibrations. The absorption for bark and leave was found to be 2.45 and 2.52 a u, while the wave length was found to be 277.4 and 277.5 nm, respectively. -
Condition of Approved Fruits Rambutan, Durian, Mangosteen, Longan, Lychee, Pomegranate, and Jackfruit for Certification for Movement Interstate
INTERSTATE CERTIFICATION ASSURANCE ICA-13 CONDITION OF APPROVED FRUITS RAMBUTAN, DURIAN, MANGOSTEEN, LONGAN, LYCHEE, POMEGRANATE, AND JACKFRUIT FOR CERTIFICATION FOR MOVEMENT INTERSTATE REVISION REGISTER Revision No. Date of Issue Amendment Details Third 26/10/1998 All Pages Fourth 18/12/2002 Pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16 Fifth 27/01/2005 Pages 13 & 14 Sixth 26/07/2005 All Pages Seventh 03/06/2010 All Pages Eighth 21/05/2014 All Pages Ninth 21/06/2016 Updated Issue Controlled Copy No: _____________________ Controlled: Authorised: _____________________ Uncontrolled: Quality Control Officer Uncontrolled copies of this document are not subject to amendment or revision. Holders of uncontrolled copies should contact the DPIR, Operations Manager, PBB, GPO Box 3000, Darwin NT 0801, Telephone: (08) 8999 2118 to obtain a current version of this document. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE - ICA13 PAGE 1 OF 23 PAGES TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................... 4 2. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................ 4 3. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 4 4. DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 4 5. RESPONSIBILITY .............................................................................................................. -
Foods to Share Family Style
Soups Beef & Pork (32 oz) Beef Broccoli ....................................................................9.95 Egg Drop Soup w. Sweet Corn & Minced Chicken...............7.95 Beef w. Choy Sum ..........................................................10.95 Sinigang w. Shrimp ..........................................................9.95 Wok Stir-fry Vegetables w. Beef .....................................10.95 Bitter Melon w. Beef ......................................................11.95 Appetizers Foods to Share Mongolian Beef .............................................................11.95 Crispy Gau Gee............................................................each .60 Sweet & Sour Pork ...........................................................9.95 Vegetable Lumpia ....................................................each 1.00 Family Style Kung Pao Beef ...............................................................11.95 Shanghai Lumpia .....................................................each 1.00 Shrimp & Fish Teriyaki Beef 12 oz ..........................................................13.95 Gyoza (4 pc.) .....................................................................4.25 Stir-fry Garlic Shrimp Kau Yuk (Pot Roast Pork) .................................................10.95 Buffalo Chicken Wing (5 pc.) .............................................6.95 w. Vegetables ............................................................12.95 Sweet & Sour Ribs .........................................................10.95 Crispy Seasoned -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
Thai Export of Durian to China
Impact of China’s Increasing Demand for Agro Produce on Agricultural Production in the Mekong Region, BRC Research Report Bangkok Research Center, JETRO Bangkok/IDE-JETRO, 2018 Chapter 5 Thai Export of Durian to China Wannarat Tantrakonnsab1 and Nattapon Tantrakoonsab2 Abstract In the last five years or longer, exports of Thai durian has been increasing consistently. Although other fruit exported from Thailand also travels in the same direction, durian is the outstanding fruit dominating the China market. There are several factors that affect this development, including the Chinese regulations, development of the durian industry in Thailand, the role of Chinese entrepreneurs, and transport improvements in the Mekong region's countries. Meanwhile the increase of Thai durian exports to China has created changes for Thai durian exports. The durian industry has expanded through high consumption, and some exporters' business activities have enlarged, some have disappeared, or been replaced by Chinese entrepreneurs. Although some Thai stakeholders in the process, such as the farmers and sorting and packing plants, may benefit from the higher export volume of durian at present, there are still some concerns that they may face in the future. 1. Durian, and the increasing export of Thai fruit to China Before the political reforms and open trading policy of China since the end of the 1970s or around thirty or forty years ago, Thai fruit was shipped to Hong Kong as the main 1 Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand 2 Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand 1 Impact of China’s Increasing Demand for Agro Produce on Agricultural Production in the Mekong Region, BRC Research Report Bangkok Research Center, JETRO Bangkok/IDE-JETRO, 2018 market, and only some was re-exported to China. -
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Phytochemicals in Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels (Family: Myrtaceae)
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2 (10), pp. 094-098, October, 2012 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21019 ISSN 2231-3354 Evaluation of antidiabetic phytochemicals in Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Family: Myrtaceae) Md. Rashedul Alam1, Akib Bin Rahman2, Md. Moniruzzaman1, Mohammad Fahim Kadir3*, Md. Ahsanul Haque3, Mohammad Razi-Ul-Hasan Alvi4, Md. Ratan4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. 2Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh. 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Traditionally the leaves of Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) are widely used for treating diabetes. The Received on: 15/09/2012 present study was carried out to identify the putative antidiabetic constituents from the S. cumini leaves. Revised on: 29/09/2012 From the NMR data four different compounds, Lupeol, 12-oleanen-3-ol-3ß-acetate, Stigmasterol, ß- Accepted on: 10/10/2012 sitosterol were identified from n-hexane fraction of plant extract. These compounds have potential Available online: 29/10/2012 antidiabetic activities which support the traditional use of the leaves as being remedy for treating diabetes. Key words: Syzygium cumini leaves, Phytochemical constituents, Plant extracts, NMR INTRODUCTION various properties like astringent, refrigerant, carminative, diuretic, digestive, antihelminthic, febrifuge, constipating, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. a polyembryonic species stomachic and antibacterial activity (Saravanan and Pari, 2008). (family-Myrtaceae), is a tropical fruit tree of great economic The fruits and seeds are used to treat diabetes, pharyngitis, importance (Chase et al., 2009). -
Pteropus Giganteus) in Girva Tehsil of Udaipur District, Rajasthan, India
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2019): 7.583 Roost Site Selection of Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) in Girva Tehsil of Udaipur District, Rajasthan, India Rekha Salvi1, Vijay Kumar Koli2 2Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University College of Science, M L Sukhadia University Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, PIN 313001 Email: vijaykoli87[at]yahoo.in Abstract: Pteropus giganteus is among the largest flying bat species of the world and play important role in pollination and seed dispersal. It prefers roost on tall trees. We conducted the this study from November, 2007 to February, 2009 to assess the roost site selection of P. giganteus in Girwa tehsil of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. Road surveys were performed to identify the roosting sites. After identification of roosting sites, name of the sites, number of bats and other characteristics were noted. During the study, a total of 14 roosting sites were identified where bats were rooted on trees. Trees were belonged to eight species and five families. Presence of high tree densities and numerous waterbodies in the tehsil might be a reason for a sound number of the species. Keywords: Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Roosting 1. Introduction tehsils (administrative division of a district) namely Badgaon, Bhindar, Girva, Gogunda, Jhadol, kanor, Members of Pteropodidae are popularly known as the Flying Kherwara, Kotra, Lasadiya, mavali, Rishabhdeo, salumbar, Foxes or Old World Fruit Bats.Pteropodids are strictly semari, sarada,and Vallabhnagar.Girwa is located in the vegetarian, foraging for fruit, nectar and pollen using their Aravalli hills and is the administrative headquarter sight and sensitive olfactory system. -
Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops . -
Pteropus Giganteus) in District Lakhimpur-Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India
G- Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 3(3): (2015) ISSN (Online): 2322-0228 (Print): 2322-021X G- Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (An International Peer Reviewed Research Journal) Available online at http://www.gjestenv.com Distribution and population status of Fruit-bat (Pteropus giganteus) in district Lakhimpur-Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India Jitendra Kumar* and Amita Kanaujia Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U. P. INDIA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 11 Sep 2014 Pteropus giganteus commonly known as Indian flying fox, belongs to family pteropodidae of order Revised : 10 Oct 2014 megachiroptera (mammalian order). Family pteropodidae consists of 43 Genera and about 165 species Accepted: 06 Dec 2014 which are distributed throughout the world. There are about 14 species of fruit bats, belonging to 8 genera, found in Indian subcontinent. Fruit bats play several major ecological roles such as pollination and seed dispersion. The Indian flying fox is widespread in Indian subcontinent. However, due to loss of habitats, Key words: scarcity of food sources, public disturbances and hunting, their population is declining day by day. Electrocution, flying fox, Thus a study has been carried out to find out the status of Pteropus giganteus in district Lakhimpur- Kheri of Uttar Pradesh with special reference to their habitat, distribution, population, feeding and breeding megachiroptera, pteropodidae, behaviour. Twelve roosting sites have been recognised during January 2010 to December 2011. Major roosting site threats which have been observed in the study area are electrocution, loss of their habitats and hunting for commercial purposes such as oil, leather and specimens for biological institutes.