All the Baseball Stats in One Spreadsheet
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Gether, Regardless Also Note That Rule Changes and Equipment Improve- of Type, Rather Than Having Three Or Four Separate AHP Ments Can Impact Records
Journal of Sports Analytics 2 (2016) 1–18 1 DOI 10.3233/JSA-150007 IOS Press Revisiting the ranking of outstanding professional sports records Matthew J. Liberatorea, Bret R. Myersa,∗, Robert L. Nydicka and Howard J. Weissb aVillanova University, Villanova, PA, USA bTemple University Abstract. Twenty-eight years ago Golden and Wasil (1987) presented the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for ranking outstanding sports records. Since then much has changed with respect to sports and sports records, the application and theory of the AHP, and the availability of the internet for accessing data. In this paper we revisit the ranking of outstanding sports records and build on past work, focusing on a comprehensive set of records from the four major American professional sports. We interviewed and corresponded with two sports experts and applied an AHP-based approach that features both the traditional pairwise comparison and the AHP rating method to elicit the necessary judgments from these experts. The most outstanding sports records are presented, discussed and compared to Golden and Wasil’s results from a quarter century earlier. Keywords: Sports, analytics, Analytic Hierarchy Process, evaluation and ranking, expert opinion 1. Introduction considered, create a single AHP analysis for differ- ent types of records (career, season, consecutive and In 1987, Golden and Wasil (GW) applied the Ana- game), and harness the opinions of sports experts to lytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank what they adjust the set of criteria and their weights and to drive considered to be “some of the greatest active sports the evaluation process. records” (Golden and Wasil, 1987). -
Run Rule Max Per Inning, Unlimited Runs on Sixth Inning Only If Reached. ● Coach Conferences with Team: 1 Per Inning, 2Nd Will Result in Removal of Pitcher
10U Division Softball Rules Revised 2/2015 Game Length: Games will be six (6) innings in length with no new inning to start after 1 hour and 30 minutes or with safe light conditions exist as determined by the umpire. If unsafe light conditions exist, the score reverts back to the last completed inning. Rules: Playing rules will follow in order of precedent: Hemet Youth house rules, followed by PONY Softball rule book. ● Pitching distance will be set at 35’ ● An 11” softball shall be used for league play ● All players attending the game will bat. Players arriving after the start of the game will bat at the end of the line up. ● Player(s) leaving the game early due to injury or illness will receive an “out” the first time the players batting turn occurs. Any subsequent atbats for the same player will be skipped with no penalty. ● Mandatory Play Rule: No player will sit in the dugout consecutively more than one defensive inning. Penalty: Manager ejected from game. ● Leadoffs are allowed only after the ball has left the pitcher’s hand. Leaving the base prior to the ball leaving the pitcher’s hand constitutes an out. ● Ball is DEAD when hit into foul territory. ● 2 minutes between innings and 5 warm up pitches. ● When changing a pitcher in the middle of an inning, the pitcher is allowed 2 minutes for warm ups and/or 5 warm up pitches. ● Pitchers can pitch three (3) innings a game, six (6) innings in a calendar week, with mandatory 48 hours rest in between games if two (2) innings are pitched in the prior game. -
The Rules of Scoring
THE RULES OF SCORING 2011 OFFICIAL BASEBALL RULES WITH CHANGES FROM LITTLE LEAGUE BASEBALL’S “WHAT’S THE SCORE” PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION These “Rules of Scoring” are for the use of those managers and coaches who want to score a Juvenile or Minor League game or wish to know how to correctly score a play or a time at bat during a Juvenile or Minor League game. These “Rules of Scoring” address the recording of individual and team actions, runs batted in, base hits and determining their value, stolen bases and caught stealing, sacrifices, put outs and assists, when to charge or not charge a fielder with an error, wild pitches and passed balls, bases on balls and strikeouts, earned runs, and the winning and losing pitcher. Unlike the Official Baseball Rules used by professional baseball and many amateur leagues, the Little League Playing Rules do not address The Rules of Scoring. However, the Little League Rules of Scoring are similar to the scoring rules used in professional baseball found in Rule 10 of the Official Baseball Rules. Consequently, Rule 10 of the Official Baseball Rules is used as the basis for these Rules of Scoring. However, there are differences (e.g., when to charge or not charge a fielder with an error, runs batted in, winning and losing pitcher). These differences are based on Little League Baseball’s “What’s the Score” booklet. Those additional rules and those modified rules from the “What’s the Score” booklet are in italics. The “What’s the Score” booklet assigns the Official Scorer certain duties under Little League Regulation VI concerning pitching limits which have not implemented by the IAB (see Juvenile League Rule 12.08.08). -
Cache Area Youth Baseball Bylaws
Cache Area Youth Baseball Bylaws Majors Age – 2018 Current Year National Federation of High School Associations (NFHS – Highschool rules will be followed with the following exemptions. 1. Divisions will draft teams in a way that creates balance of skill between teams as possible. 2. League age is the player's age on April 30th of the current playing year. 3. Home team will be determined by the schedule. 4. Each Team is to provide a new or good conditioned baseball to the ump at each game. Balls will be returned the teams. 5. Length of games will be 6 innings or 80 minutes; no new inning after 75 min. In the event of inclement weather or other prohibitive playing conditions, a game is considered a complete game after 40 min of play ending in a complete inning. Incomplete games will be rescheduled and will resume from the point where the game left off with pitchers returning to the mound to pitch at least one batter. Play to complete game. 6. Game time to be announced to both coaches by the umpire. Time begins when the home team takes the field. 7. The 10 run mercy rule is in effect after 4 completed innings of play. There is not a per inning run rule. 8. Extra Innings: Games ending in a tie will play only 1 extra inning using the International Tie Break Rule. Each team will start with a Runner on second base for each half of the inning. The runner placed at second base will be the last out of the previous inning. -
An Offensive Earned-Run Average for Baseball
OPERATIONS RESEARCH, Vol. 25, No. 5, September-October 1077 An Offensive Earned-Run Average for Baseball THOMAS M. COVER Stanfortl University, Stanford, Californiu CARROLL W. KEILERS Probe fiystenzs, Sunnyvale, California (Received October 1976; accepted March 1977) This paper studies a baseball statistic that plays the role of an offen- sive earned-run average (OERA). The OERA of an individual is simply the number of earned runs per game that he would score if he batted in all nine positions in the line-up. Evaluation can be performed by hand by scoring the sequence of times at bat of a given batter. This statistic has the obvious natural interpretation and tends to evaluate strictly personal rather than team achievement. Some theoretical properties of this statistic are developed, and we give our answer to the question, "Who is the greatest hitter in baseball his- tory?" UPPOSE THAT we are following the history of a certain batter and want some index of his offensive effectiveness. We could, for example, keep track of a running average of the proportion of times he hit safely. This, of course, is the batting average. A more refined estimate ~vouldb e a running average of the total number of bases pcr official time at bat (the slugging average). We might then notice that both averages omit mention of ~valks.P erhaps what is needed is a spectrum of the running average of walks, singles, doublcs, triples, and homcruns per official time at bat. But how are we to convert this six-dimensional variable into a direct comparison of batters? Let us consider another statistic. -
A National Tradition
Baseball A National Tradition. by Phyllis McIntosh. “As American as baseball and apple pie” is a phrase Americans use to describe any ultimate symbol of life and culture in the United States. Baseball, long dubbed the national pastime, is such a symbol. It is first and foremost a beloved game played at some level in virtually every American town, on dusty sandlots and in gleaming billion-dollar stadiums. But it is also a cultural phenom- enon that has provided a host of colorful characters and cherished traditions. Most Americans can sing at least a few lines of the song “Take Me Out to the Ball Game.” Generations of children have collected baseball cards with players’ pictures and statistics, the most valuable of which are now worth several million dollars. More than any other sport, baseball has reflected the best and worst of American society. Today, it also mirrors the nation’s increasing diversity, as countries that have embraced America’s favorite sport now send some of their best players to compete in the “big leagues” in the United States. Baseball is played on a Baseball’s Origins: after hitting a ball with a stick. Imported diamond-shaped field, a to the New World, these games evolved configuration set by the rules Truth and Tall Tale. for the game that were into American baseball. established in 1845. In the early days of baseball, it seemed Just a few years ago, a researcher dis- fitting that the national pastime had origi- covered what is believed to be the first nated on home soil. -
2021 Top Gun-USA Sports Baseball Rules: Unless Noted Prior to the Beginning of the Event, NFHS Rules Will Be Used with the Following Exceptions
2021 Top Gun-USA Sports Baseball Rules: Unless noted prior to the beginning of the event, NFHS Rules will be used with the following exceptions. Top Gun Baseball reserves the right to enforce particular invitational tournament rules. 1. Protest Fee: $100.00(Only on rule interpretations) Protest must be filed before the next pitch is thrown. Games are not played under protest and may not be protested after the game is completed for any reason. 2. Game Time: Starting time is forfeit time unless delay is created by Top Gun. Game time starts at the completion of the home plate meeting. Games may be started up to one hour early if deemed necessary. 3. Home Team: The home team for all pool games will be determined by a coin toss and that team will be the official scorebook. Highest seed will have choice for all bracket games. 4. Player Minimum: A team must have a minimum of 8 players to start the game. The 9th player will be counted as an out until that player arrives. A player arriving late that is not listed on the score card, may be added to the bottom of the line-up card with no penalty. 5. Batting Lineups: Teams have the option of batting 9 players up to their entire roster if desired. The rule to bat more than 9 is not mandatory and is left up to each individual team. If all rostered players bat, there will be no subs and an injury or sickness is an out when that position comes up to bat. -
Name of the Game: Do Statistics Confirm the Labels of Professional Baseball Eras?
NAME OF THE GAME: DO STATISTICS CONFIRM THE LABELS OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL ERAS? by Mitchell T. Woltring A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Leisure and Sport Management Middle Tennessee State University May 2013 Thesis Committee: Dr. Colby Jubenville Dr. Steven Estes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would not be where I am if not for support I have received from many important people. First and foremost, I would like thank my wife, Sarah Woltring, for believing in me and supporting me in an incalculable manner. I would like to thank my parents, Tom and Julie Woltring, for always supporting and encouraging me to make myself a better person. I would be remiss to not personally thank Dr. Colby Jubenville and the entire Department at Middle Tennessee State University. Without Dr. Jubenville convincing me that MTSU was the place where I needed to come in order to thrive, I would not be in the position I am now. Furthermore, thank you to Dr. Elroy Sullivan for helping me run and understand the statistical analyses. Without your help I would not have been able to undertake the study at hand. Last, but certainly not least, thank you to all my family and friends, which are far too many to name. You have all helped shape me into the person I am and have played an integral role in my life. ii ABSTRACT A game defined and measured by hitting and pitching performances, baseball exists as the most statistical of all sports (Albert, 2003, p. -
Welcome to FAST BALL
Welcome to FAST BALL Rules for Fast Ball are as follows: 1. Teams may be comprised of 6‐10 players. 2. Teams will bat a master batting order each inning, the order of which will change each inning thereafter. 3. Fielders should have a new starting position each inning. 4. Teams will both bat and play in the field at positions as designated on the field diagram. 5. The purpose of Fast Ball is to be faster than your opponent in fielding and running than they are at hitting and running. The goal is for players to learn basic baseball and softball skills such as fielding, running bases, field orientation, teamwork skills, and most importantly having fun! 6. Players in the field will be placed into positions as designated on the field diagram. 6 players will play in the field of play at a time. Other players will be at the 1st base line, as indicated, with a coach, the players sitting out, need to be ready to go in once the ball is fielded and either out or safe is called. 7. When a player fields a ball in the infield, that player will try to run the ball, to the hitting tee before the batter reaches 1st base. All Batters and Runners may only advance one base at a time. If a player fields a ball in the outfield, the fielding player will try to run the ball to the Coach at the pitcher’s mound before the batter reaches 1st base. If the fielder reaches the tee or coach before the batter reaches 1st base, the batter is out. -
Improving the FIP Model
Project Number: MQP-SDO-204 Improving the FIP Model A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to The Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Joseph Flanagan April 2014 Approved: Professor Sarah Olson Abstract The goal of this project is to improve the Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP) model for evaluating Major League Baseball starting pitchers. FIP attempts to separate a pitcher's controllable performance from random variation and the performance of his defense. Data from the 2002-2013 seasons will be analyzed and the results will be incorporated into a new metric. The new proposed model will be called jFIP. jFIP adds popups and hit by pitch to the fielding independent stats and also includes adjustments for a pitcher's defense and his efficiency in completing innings. Initial results suggest that the new metric is better than FIP at predicting pitcher ERA. Executive Summary Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP) is a metric created to measure pitcher performance. FIP can trace its roots back to research done by Voros McCracken in pursuit of winning his fantasy baseball league. McCracken discovered that there was little difference in the abilities of pitchers to prevent balls in play from becoming hits. Since individual pitchers can have greatly varying levels of effectiveness, this led him to wonder what pitchers did have control over. He found three that stood apart from the rest: strikeouts, walks, and home runs. Because these events involve only the batter and the pitcher, they are referred to as “fielding independent." FIP takes only strikeouts, walks, home runs, and innings pitched as inputs and it is scaled to earned run average (ERA) to allow for easier and more useful comparisons, as ERA has traditionally been one of the most important statistics for evaluating pitchers. -
THE HISTORY of WISCONSIN Baseball
CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION Dugout Club . ..... .. .. .. ... .. ... 36 Facili ti es . ... ... .. ... ... .. .. .. 35 Qu ick Facts/Staff Di rectory . ... .. ... ...... 4 University of Wisconsin . .. .... .. .. .. ... .. IFC-IBC UW ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT AND COACHING STAFF Academic Staff ... ... .. ... .. ... .... 7 Assista nt Coaches/ Support Staff . ... .. .. .... .. 9 Athletic Di rector A.L. 'Ade' Sponberg . .. .. • . .. ..... 5 Athletic Staff Profil es . ... .. ..... .. ... ... .. 5-6 Head Coach Steve Land .. .. ... .. ...... .. 8 1989 WISCONSIN BASEBALL Conference Opponents . 29 Numerical/Alphabetical Rosters . .. ... ... .. .. 18 Player Profiles . .. .. .. .. ... .. 10-17 Pronunciation Guide .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. 18 Schedule . .. .... .. .. .. 19 Season Preview . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 2-3 1989 Wisconsin Badgers . BC 1988 REVIEW Big Ten Conference Review . .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 UW Big Ten Statistics/Overall Statistics . .. .... .. .. 21 UW Game-By-Game Results ... .. .. ... .. .. 20 BADGER BASEBALL HISTORY Badgers In The Pros .. ... .. ...... .. .. .. .. 27 Batting Leade rs Year-by-Year . .. ... .. ... .. 24-25 Career Records . .. ... .... ..... .. ... ... 24 History Of Wisconsin Baseball . .. ... ... 30 Honors To Badgers . .. ... .. .. .. .... ... .. .. ... 34 Pitching Leaders Year-by-Year . .. ... ..... .. 26 Season Records . 23 Single Game Records ... .. ..... .. .. .. 23 Team Totals Year-by-Year . ..... .. .... .. .. .. 26 The Last Time . 26 "W" Award-winne rs (1937-1988) . .. .. .. .. ..... .. 32-33 Wisconsin All-Time -
Official Game Information
Official Game Information Yankee Stadium • One East 161st Street • Bronx, NY 10451 Phone: (718) 579-4460 • E-mail: [email protected] • Twitter: @yankeespr & @losyankeespr World Series Champions: 1923, ’27-28, ’32, ’36-39, ’41, ’43, ’47, ’49-53, ’56, ’58, ’61-62, ’77-78, ’96, ’98-2000, ’09 YANKEES BY THE NUMBERS NOTE 2014 (2013) NEW YORK YANKEES (68-62) at DETROIT TIGERS (71-59) Standing in AL East: .............2nd, -7.0 RHP Shane Greene (3-1, 3.17) vs. LHP David Price (12-9, 3.00) Games Behind for Second WC ....... -3.5 Current Streak: .....................Lost 1 Wednesday, August 27, 2014 • Comerica Park • 7:08 P.M. ET Home Record: .............33-31 (46-35) Road Record:. 35-31 (44-37) Game #131 • Road Game #67 • TV: YES/ESPN • Radio: WFAN 660AM/101.9FM Day Record: ................28-16 (32-24) Night Record: ..............40-46 (53-53) AT A GLANCE: Tonight the Yankees play the second game of FALL GUYS: On Tuesday, the Arizona Fall League announced Pre-All-Star .................47-47 (51-44) a three-game series at Detroit, followed by a three-game set the following Yankees minor leaguers will be playing for Post-All-Star ................21-15 (34-33) in Toronto from Friday-Sunday… are in the midst of a seven- the Scottsdale Scorpions this fall -- RHPs Caleb Cotham, vs. AL East: ................. 23-26 (37-39) game road trip, that also included a make-up game at Kansas Branden Pinder and Alex Smith; INFs Greg Bird and Eric vs. AL Central: .............. 17-13 (22-11) City on Monday (won, 8-1)… went 4-2 on their previous Jagielo; and OFs Tyler Austin and Aaron Judge… they will vs.