DOCSLIB.ORG

Epipactis Helleborine (Orchidaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epipactis Helleborine (Orchidaceae) Niche Conservatism and the Future Potential Range of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae) Marta Kolanowska* Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdan´sk, Gdan´sk, Poland Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the current distribution of suitable niches for the invasive orchid species, Epipactis helleborine, and to estimate the possibility of its further expansion. Moreover, niche modeling tools were used to explain its rapid expansion in North America and to test the niche conservatism of the species. The maximum entropy method was used to create models of the suitable niche distribution. A database of E. helleborine localities was prepared based on the examination of herbarium specimens, information from electronic databases as well as data gathered during field works. The differences between the niches occupied by native and invasive populations were evaluated using the niche overlap and niche identity test indexes. Moreover, the coverage of the most suitable habitats for the species was measured for three future scenarios as well as for the present time model. Populations of E. helleborine occupy North American west coast habitats very similar to those preferred by native, Eurasian populations, while the expansion in the east coast is related to the niche shift. The created models of suitable niche distribution indicate that the species does not realize its potential niche in the native range. The total surface of the habitats potentially available for E. helleborine will decrease in all climate change scenarios created for 2080. Citation: Kolanowska M (2013) Niche Conservatism and the Future Potential Range of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae). PLoS ONE 8(10): e77352. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0077352 Editor: Judi Hewitt, University of Waikato (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), New Zealand Received June 21, 2013; Accepted September 2, 2013; Published October 15, 2013 Copyright: ß 2013 Marta Kolanowska. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: No current external funding sources for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] Introduction environmental weed according to the Global Compendium of Weeds (www.hear.org). One of the most challenging aspects of world’s biodiversity It has been assumed that E. helleborine was introduced to North conservation is the problem of biological invasions. Vascular plants America by colonists who thought it to be a cure for gout; are among the most often transferred organisms [1], [2]. however, this hypothesis has not been confirmed and the exact Obviously, most studies concern those alien species which source of the invasive populations remains unknown. Squirrell negatively affect the native ecosystems via competition with native et al. [12] deliberated on the possible means of introduction of organisms or changing climatic conditions in the invaded area, Broad-leaved Helleborine and suggested that colonial herbal while the nature of non-harmful species translocations is still gardens and accidental human transport were the most probable poorly recognized [3]. origin of the alien populations, since the species was established in Orchids are rarely found to be invasive and for a long time even North America 250 miles (400 km) inland from the Atlantic naturalized species were not considered to be detrimental for the Ocean. environment [4]. However, the most recent research [5] has The first naturalized locality of the species was discovered in the indicated the negative influence of one species, Asian Spathoglottis USA in 1879 near Syracuse (NY) and at the beginning of the 20th plicata, to native populations of Bletia patula in Puerto Rico. The century Broad-leaved Helleborine was also reported from Cana- transfers of orchids and other vascular plants were related mainly dian Quebec and Ontario [13]. The expansion of the orchid was to the Great Geographical Discoveries and one of the most especially rapid in calcium-rich areas and soon it was also found in spectacular was the introduction of E. helleborine (Broad-leaved California [14]. An increase in the invasion was observed in the Helleborine) to the USA, where it rapidly spread and it is currently 1930 s when the presence of E. helleborine was reported from naturalized in both the USA and Canada. Wisconsin and Missouri [15]. Epipactis helleborine is native to Eurasia, in the north to While the genetic data are not helpful in discriminating between Scandinavia, in the east to central Siberia and the Himalayas single and multiple introductions of E. helleborine to North America, and within this range it is usually found in the shady, moist edges it is worth considering whether the process was likely to be active and clearings of woodlands [6]; however, it also occupies various or passive [12]. anthropogenic habitats, such as roadsides, cemeteries, railway Surprisingly, so far no studies on the possibility of the further embankments, gravel pits, quarries or poplar plantations [7], [8], expansion of the species have been conducted, probably because [9], [10]. It may also appear spontaneously in gardens and town no direct negative effects of the introduction of E. helleborine in parks [11], [6]. It is classified as an agricultural weed, or North America have been reported so far. The aim of the present PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 October 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 10 | e77352 Niche Conservatism of Epipactis helleborine Figure 1. Native (circles) and invasive (squares) localities of E. helleborine used in the modelling. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077352.g001 study was to evaluate the current distribution of suitable habitats tropicos.org) and the nhwildlife.net website as well as data for Broad-leaved Helleborine and to create models for the future gathered during field work conducted in Poland were included to estimate the possibility of the further expansion of this orchid. in the analysis (Table S1). The distribution of the localities used in Here, niche modeling tools are used to estimate not only the the modeling is presented in Fig. 1. The occurrence data were possibility of further expansion of the species, but also to explain selected to be more than 22 km distant one from another and not the rapid expansion of the species in North America, especially in to overlap on the maps used in the analysis which are in 2.5 arc- the context of the results of recent research [16] that have minute resolution. indicated that shifts of climatic niches are rare among terrestrial plant invaders. Georeferencing So far, ENM tools have been used in studies of the potential For the analysis, only those localities which could be precisely expansion of only one invasive orchid species [17], African placed on the map were used. The georeferencing process Oeceoclades maculata, which was naturalized in the Neotropics. In followed [19]. The geographic coordinates provided on the this case, the niches occupied by the native and alien populations herbarium sheet labels were verified. If there was no information differ significantly; however, this species was probably introduced about the latitude and longitude on the herbarium sheet label, we into the Neotropics in the 1500 s, so the invasive populations could followed the description of the collection site and assigned gradually adapt to the new habitats and expand into new areas. In coordinates as precisely as possible to this location. The contrast, Broad-leaved Helleborine occupied both coasts of North geographic coordinates provided on the herbarium sheet labels America rapidly, but so far the nature of this invasion remains were verified. Google Earth (v. 6.1.0.5001, Google Inc.) was used unknown. to validate all gathered information. With this approach we were able to verify and assign coordinates to 56 localities. The data were Materials and Methods divided into two groups: native and invasive. In total, 20 native and 36 invasive locations were used, which is more than the Localities minimum number of localities (.5) required by Maxent to obtain A database of E. helleborine localities was prepared based on the reliable predictions [20]. examination of herbarium specimens stored in K and MO. Herbaria acronyms are cited according to the Index Herbariorum Maximum Entropy Analysis [18]. To enlarge the dataset, information from the electronic The maximum entropy method as implemented in Maxent database of the Missouri Botanical Garden (available at www. version 3.3.2 software was used to create models of the suitable Table 1. Estimates of relative contributions of the environmental variables to the Maxent model created on different datasets. Combined (AUC = 0.991, SD = 0.003) Invasive (AUC = 0.994, SD = 0.001) Native (AUC = 0.986, SD = 0.002) Var_1 Bio19 (28.6) Bio19 (23.9) Bio11 (16.8) Var_2 Bio11 (13) Bio14 (14.7) Bio19 (15.5) Var_3 Bio17 (10.7) Bio4 (12.8) Bio7 (13.7) Var_4 Bio3 (9) Bio2 (9.4) Bio6 (10.4) Var_5 Bio12 (7.9) Bio15 (7.5) Bio17 (9.6) The percent contribution is given in parenthesis. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077352.t001 PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 2 October 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 10 | e77352 Niche Conservatism of Epipactis helleborine Figure 2. Present distribution of the suitable habitats of E. helleborine. A - combined model, B - invasive dataset, C - native dataset. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077352.g002 niche distribution [21], [22]. The application has been widely used worldclim.org) were used. Because Maxent is relatively robust to predict species distributions, as it is supposed to be the most against collinear variables, all available 19 climatic factors were reliable of the available machine learning programmes (e.g [23], used [28], [29].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliografía Botánica Del Caribe I
    Consolidated bibliography Introduction To facilitate the search through the bibliographies prepared by T. Zanoni (Bibliographía botánica del Caribe, Bibliografía de la flora y de la vegetatíon de la isla Española, and the Bibliography of Carribean Botany series currently published in the Flora of Greater Antilles Newsletter), the html versions of these files have been put together in a single pdf file. The reader should note the coverage of each bibliography: Hispaniola is exhaustively covered by all three bibliographies (from the origin up to now) while other areas of the Carribean are specifically treated only since 1984. Please note that this pdf document is made from multiple documents, this means that search function is called by SHIFT+CTRL+F (rather than by CTRL+F). Please let me know of any problem. M. Dubé The Jardín Botánico Nacional "Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso," Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, publishers of the journal Moscosoa, kindly gave permission for the inclusion of these bibliographies on this web site. Please note the present address of T. Zanoni : New York Botanical Garden 200th Street at Southern Blvd. Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA email: [email protected] Moscosoa 4, 1986, pp. 49-53 BIBLIOGRAFÍA BOTÁNICA DEL CARIBE. 1. Thomas A. Zanoni Zanoni. Thomas A. (Jardín Botánico Nacional, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana). Bibliografía botánica del Caribe. 1. Moscosoa 4: 49-53. 1986. Una bibliografía anotada sobre la literatura botánica publicada en los años de 1984 y 1985. Se incluyen los temas de botánica general y la ecología de las plantas de las islas del Caribe. An annotated bibliography of the botanical literature published in 1984 and 1985, covering all aspects of botany and plant ecology of the plants of the Caribbean Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Agraria Del Ecuador Evaluación De
    UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA EVALUACIÓN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS EN LA CONSERVACIÓN Y GERMINACIÓN IN VITRO DE SEMILLAS DE LA ORQUÍDEA Epidendrum nocturnum (Jacq). TRABAJO EXPERIMENTAL Trabajo de titulación presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO AUTOR APOLO MORENO KELLY VERÓNICA TUTOR PhD. MANCERO CASTILLO DANIEL GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR 2021 2 UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR Yo, DR. MANCERO CASTILLO DANIEL, docente de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, en mi calidad de Tutor, certifico que el presente trabajo de titulación: EVALUACIÓN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS EN LA CONSERVACIÓN Y GERMINACIÓN IN VITRO DE SEMILLAS DE LA ORQUÍDEA Epidendrum nocturnum (Jacq)., realizado por la estudiante APOLO MORENO KELLY VERÓNICA con cédula de identidad N° 095231399-7 de la carrera de INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, Unidad Académica Guayaquil, ha sido orientado y revisado durante su ejecución; y cumple con los requisitos técnicos exigidos por la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador; por lo tanto, se aprueba la presentación del mismo. Atentamente, DR. MANCERO CASTILLO DANIEL TUTOR Guayaquil, 26 de febrero del 2021 3 UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA APROBACIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL DE SUSTENTACIÒN Los abajo firmantes, docentes designados por el H. Consejo Directivo como miembros del Tribunal de Sustentación, aprobamos la defensa del trabajo de titulación: EVALUACIÓN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS EN LA CONSERVACIÓN Y GERMINACIÓN IN VITRO DE SEMILLAS DE LA ORQUÍDEA Epidendrum nocturnum (Jacq)., realizado por la estudiante APOLO MORENO KELLY VERÓNICA el mismo que cumple con los requisitos exigidos por la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador.
    [Show full text]
  • Apparent Competition Between Invasive and Native Orchids Mediated by a Specialist florivorous Weevil
    Biol Invasions (2013) 15:283–293 DOI 10.1007/s10530-012-0283-0 ORIGINAL PAPER There goes the neighborhood: apparent competition between invasive and native orchids mediated by a specialist florivorous weevil Wilnelia Recart • James D. Ackerman • Ana A. Cuevas Received: 10 September 2011 / Accepted: 6 July 2012 / Published online: 25 July 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract The exotic orchid, Spathoglottis plicata, overlap with that of B. patula. We expect the S. plicata has naturalized and spread rapidly over Puerto Rico invasion to continue and affect native orchids through where it is generally considered to be innocuous. It is apparent competition as long as the presence of abundant and occupies the same habitat as the native S. plicata maintains elevated weevil populations. orchid, Bletia patula. The two are hosts to the same Thus, even seemingly harmless invasive orchids can native weevil, Stethobaris polita, a specialist on orchid have subtle but significant negative consequences. flowers. We ask whether the weevils mediate apparent competition between the two orchids. We monitored Keywords Herbivory Á Indirect effects Á weevil populations, floral damage and fruit set in Multiple species interactions Á Florivory Á B. patula in the presence and absence of S. plicata.We Apparent competition Á Biological invasions also experimentally tested whether weevils preferred one species over the other. Finally, we modeled the distribution of both orchid species to predict the extent by which the two species may interact in Puerto Rico. We found a significantly lower number of weevils and Introduction a higher fruit set for B. patula where S.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Uberlândia Instituto De
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS CURSO DE ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL VITOR PIMENTA MAMEDE UM PANORAMA DAS ORQUÍDEAS EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NO BRASIL DRA. ANA SILVIA FRANCO PINHEIRO MOREIRA ORIENTADORA MESTRE JOÃO CUSTÓDIO FERNANDES CARDOSO CO-ORIENTADOR Uberlândia - MG Dezembro - 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS CURSO DE ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL UM PANORAMA DAS ORQUÍDEAS EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NO BRASIL Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação submetido à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia como requisito necessário para obtenção do Título de Bacharelado em Engenharia Ambiental. Orientação: Profa. Dra. Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira Co-orientação: Mestre João Custódio Fernandes Cardoso Discente: Vitor Pimenta Mamede Uberlândia - MG Dezembro - 2020 2 Sumário Resumo ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Introdução ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Metodologia ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Busca no Web of Science .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Naturalizing Orchids and the Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment System
    Ornamentals and Flowers July 2012 OF-51 Naturalizing Orchids and the Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment System Patti Clifford and Kent Kobayashi Hawaii Invasive Species Council, CTAHR Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences nvasive species are not only chang- recognized species. Orchids occur ing the composition of ecosystems; on all continents except Antarctica, theyI are also impacting ecosystem although there are species on some functionality and services. The orchid Antarctic islands. The distribution family, thought to be non-invasive, and abundance of the orchid family, now has species that are adapting however, tends to be centered in the to novel (newly formed) ecosystems tropics. Most orchids are epiphytes, globally. While scientists note that which grow on trees and shrubs, or orchids are a conservation concern, terrestrial, while some are lithophytes, because they are threatened by habi- growing on rocks, and a few are tat alteration, invasive species, and aquatic. Orchids range in size from climate change, there is limited dis- plants that could fit into a thimble to cussion of how the orchid family’s vines over 100 feet tall. adaptation to novel ecosystems might While orchids have a wide global promote the invasion of other species. distribution, they have evolved to Orchids are integral to ecological become ecologically specialized in connections in their native habitats, terms of their local habitat require- providing ecosystem services not yet ments. There are several ecological fully understood. This family interacts Arundinia graminifolia (photo: For- traits that have limited orchids to est and Kim Starr). with mychorrizal and pollinator ser- certain habitats. This rapidly evolving vices that connect many species and is family has formed unique interactions an important component of the ecosystem’s synergistic with both pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi, the latter of web.
    [Show full text]
  • Pine Rocklands Are Unique to Southern Florida And
    Pine Rocklands ine rocklands are unique to southern Florida and the FNAI Global Rank: G1 Bahamas. In Florida they are found on limestone FNAI State Rank: S1 Psubstrates on the Miami Rock Ridge, in the Florida Federally Listed Species in S. FL: 10 Keys, and in the Big Cypress Swamp. Pine rocklands are dominated by a single canopy tree, South Florida slash pine State Listed Species in S. FL: 103 (Pinus elliottii var. densa), a diverse hardwood and palm Pine rocklands. Original photograph courtesy of U.S. subcanopy, and a very rich herbaceous layer. The flora of pine Fish and Wildlife Service. rocklands is composed of a diverse assemblage of tropical and temperate taxa. Many endemic plant taxa are also found in this community. It is a fire maintained community, requiring periodic fires to eliminate invading hardwoods, assist in nutrient cycling, and to reduce duff layers. Pine rocklands also provide critical foraging and nesting habitat for a diverse array of wildlife, including five federally listed animal species. While significant areas of pine rocklands are now protected within preserves such as Everglades NP, Big Cypress National Preserve, and the National Key Deer Refuge, pine rockland fragments are still threatened on the Miami Rock Ridge and in the Florida Keys. Pine rocklands have been heavily impacted by outright destruction, conversion to agriculture, fire suppression, exotic plant and animal invasions, collecting pressure on plants and animals, and alterations to hydrology. Significant work has now been initiated to control exotic plant taxa in pine rocklands, although much research needs to be conducted on restoring heavily degraded sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Assessment of Saint Lucia’S Forests, with Management Recommendations
    FCG International Ltd TECHNICAL REPORT 10 in association with AFC Consultants International GmbH Presented to the European Commission and Banana Industry Trust NATIONAL FOREST DEMARCATION AND BIO-PHYSICAL RESOURCE INVENTORY PROJECT CARIBBEAN – SAINT LUCIA SFA 2003/SLU/BIT-04/0711/EMF/LC BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF SAINT LUCIA’S FORESTS, WITH MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS By JENNIFER C. DALTRY Conservation Biologist, Fauna & Flora International 2009 Cover illustrations: Cloud Montane Forest on Mount Gimie Range (Roger Graveson, FCG); Saint Lucia iguana (Matthew Morton, FCG-Durrell); Deciduous Seasonal Forest at Grande Anse (Jenny Daltry, FCG- FFI). THE OPINION OF THE AUTHOR DOES NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OPINION OF FCG INTERNATIONAL LTD, FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL, THE BANANA INDUSTRY TRUST (BIT), THE GOVERNMENT OF SAINT LUCIA, OR THE EUROPEAN UNION. THE AUTHOR AND FCG INTERNATIONAL LTD TAKE NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY MISREPRESENTATION OF MATERIAL THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE TRANSLATION OF THIS DOCUMENT INTO ANY OTHER LANGUAGE, NOR FOR ANY ATTEMPT TO USE THE MAPS OR GEOREFERENCES IN THIS DOCUMENT FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES. PUBLISHED BY FCG (Finnish Consulting Group) International Ltd Helsinki, Finland COPYRIGHT © 2009 Government of Saint Lucia REPRODUCTION FOR RESALE OR OTHER COMMERCIAL PURPOSES IS PROHIBITED WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER. RECOMMENDED CITATION Daltry, J.C. (2009) Biodiversity Assessment of Saint Lucia‟s Forests, With Management Recommendations. Technical Report No. 10 to the National Forest Demarcation and Bio-Physical Resource Inventory Project, FCG International Ltd, Helsinki, Finland. The National Forest Demarcation and Bio-Physical Resource Inventory Project was funded by the European Union under the auspices of the Banana Industry Trust, and implemented by the Finnish Consulting Group (FCG) International Ltd in collaboration with the Saint Lucia Forestry Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Martin Brown, 10896 SW 90Th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34481 Or Via Email at [email protected]
    NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL __________________________________ Volume 7 March Number 1 2001 a quarterly devoted to the orchids of North America published by the NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID ALLIANCE * * * * * * * * * * * * IN THIS ISSUE: A STATUS REPORT ON THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED ORCHIDACEAE OF COLLIER, MIAMI-DADE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, FLORIDA….and more! The North American Native Orchid Journal (ISSN 1084-7332) is an annual publication devoted to promoting interest and knowledge of the native orchids of North America. A limited number of the print version of each issue of the Journal are available upon request and electronic versions are available to all interested persons or institutions free of charge. The Journal welcomes article of any nature that deal with native or introduced orchids that are found growing wild in North America, primarily north of Mexico, although articles of general interest concerning Mexican species will welcome. Requests for either print or electronic copies should be sent to the editor: Paul Martin Brown, 10896 SW 90th Terrace, Ocala, FL 34481 or via email at [email protected]. NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 7 March Number 1 2001 CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITOR 1 A STATUS REPORT ON THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED ORCHIDACEAE OF COLLIER, MIAMI-DADE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, FLORIDA Roger L. Hammer 3 PHLISTINES The Slow Empiricist 85 RECENT TAXONOMIC AND DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES FROM FLORIDA 9. Paul Martin Brown 91 6th ANNUAL NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID CONFERENCE 99 LOOKING FORWARD: June 2001 inside
    [Show full text]
  • P. 1 PC14 Doc. 9.3 CONVENTION on INTERNATIONAL TRADE in ENDANGERED SPECIES of WILD FAUNA and FLORA
    PC14 Doc. 9.3 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Fourteenth meeting of the Plants Committee Windhoek (Namibia), 16-20 February 2004 Significant trade in plants SELECTION OF NEW SPECIES 1. The Annex to this document has been prepared by UNEP-WCMC. 2. In accordance with paragraphs b) and c) of the section Selection of species to be reviewed in Resolution Conf. 12.8 on Review of Significant Trade in specimens of Appendix-II species, the Plants Committee should select for its review species of priority concern. The selection should be based on recorded trade levels and information available to the Plants Committee, the Secretariat, Parties or other relevant experts. 3. The Secretariat has required UNEP-WCMC to provide a summary of trade data in Appendix-II plant species over the five most recent years, and guidance on the selection of species for review. 4. The Plants Committee is requested to consider the document Review of Significant Trade – Analysis of Trade Trends with notes on the conservation status of selected species – Volume 1. Plants, by UNEP-WCMC (see the Annex to this document, English only) and to recommend a shortlist of species for its Review of Significant Trade. PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 1 PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 2 PC14 Doc. 9.3 Annex (English only/Únicamente en inglés/Seulement en anglais) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 1. Plants Prepared for the CITES Plants Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre DECEMBER 2003 PC14 Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Species of Management Concern in Everglades National Park
    Vascular Plant Species of Management Concern in Everglades National Park Final Report March 2, 2015 George D. Gann, Chief Conservation Strategist The Institute for Regional Conservation 100 East Linton Boulevard, Suite 302B Delray Beach, Florida 33483 Submitted to Jimi Sadle, Botanist Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Parks Executive Summary This document compiles and summarizes existing published and unpublished literature, collection records and observational data on rare plant species that are currently or were previously reported as naturally occurring in Everglades National Park (EVER). It also serves as a framework for implementing National Park Service policy concerning the management of threatened and endangered species and other species of special management concern, identified herein as vascular plant Species of Management Concern (SOMCs). This document provides a baseline list of plant SOMCs that are a known part of the EVER flora, historically and in the present. Because of the overwhelming number of rare vascular plant species protected in EVER, the intent of this report is to use the SOMC designation to focus attention and resources on the most vulnerable plants in the region and those species of regulatory interest to the federal government. However, gaps in knowledge and vulnerabilities of other rare plants not designated as SOMCs are also discussed. A review of the entire native flora of Everglades National Park (762 taxa) is presented, divided into ten logical groups (e.g., trees, ferns, graminoids). Areas of special geographic interest for each group are indicated (e.g., a special concentration of species limited to the Long Pine Key area) as well as the general distribution of rare plants within EVER for each group.
    [Show full text]