Policy inAction Journal Diversity, Politics and Policy Dynamics in the Contemporary Period Concordia University Department of Political Science (MPPPA) Volume 1 - Fall 2012 Policy inAction Journal Concordia Graduate Student Journal Political Science Department Volume I Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada 2011-2012 1 2 Policy inAction: Diversity, Politics and Policy Dynamics in the Contemporary Period Volume I Editorial Board Yesica Macias - Coordinating Editor Editors Aaron Capar Nadia Hammouda Associate Editor Randy Pinsky Faculty Reviewers Dr. Amy Poteete; Dr. Daniel Salée; Dr. Francesca Scala; Dr. Ira Robinson; Dr. Stephanie Paterson. 3 Table of Contents Foreword ……………………....................................... 7 Acknowledgements.............................................. 11 Dedication …...................................................... 13 Comprehensive Land Claims in British Columbia: A Worthwhile Pursuit? Jacqueline Lemieux............................................. 19 Identity Politics of the Reproductive Body: Implications for Indigenous Women’s Empowerment in the Peruvian Amazon Itzel Rodriguez Rosales......................................... 38 Ideology in the Warfare State: An Analysis of Attitudes towards Women and Childbirth in Nazi Family Policy, 1933- 1939 Katherine Rossy.................................................. 67 Shalom Québec: Reappraising the Role of Language in the Integration of Jewish Communities in Montréal Jonathan Lang.................................................... 98 Stolen Childhoods, Partial Promises: Disarming, Demobilizing, and Reintegrating Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone Randy Pinsky......................................................130 Throwing Candies at a Brick Wall: Multiculturalism and its Consequences for European Welfare-State Democracy Marat Grebennikov..............................................159 4 5 6 Foreword As aspiring political scientists and policy makers, we searched high and low for this journal’s title. We wished to create a name that would effectively capture our mission to better elucidate the intricacies of the policy process and to illustrate that policies are not solely the stuff of theory textbooks, but possess the powerful potential for tangible and powerful impact. Consequently, Policy inAction reflects our view that policies directly impact, as well as implicate, those for whom they are designed. At times, they do so successfully, while at others, they fail to achieve their initial aims. Policy design and implementation are not static activities. They require active participation, interactive dialogue, and feedback from our fellow men and women. This is how this journal came to being. The Policy inAction Journal is the birth child of the First Graduate Student Conference held at Concordia University by the Political Science Department, in April 2012. The topic chosen for this year’s discussion was: “Diversity, Politics, and Policy Dynamics in the Contemporary Period.” Through the organization of the Policy inAction Conference, our aim has been to foster dialogue and academic exchange between students of different disciplines regarding the complex dynamics of class, ethnicity, race and gender, as well as the influence of domestic and international forces. Ultimately, we are interested in how these key factors impact policy change in the contemporary period. The Policy inAction Conference was also an opportunity for students from different universities and disciplines to come together and present and discuss their most recent work. The Policy inAction Journal also reflects our desire to contribute to the lively academic debate on the subject of diversity from both an international and multidisciplinary perspective. A more nuanced analysis on the various aspects of diversity can shed light on policy failures of the past and inspire the policies of the future. Fundamentally, we espouse the view that such a worthwhile exercise will lead to a healthier and more sustainable political future. The journal attempts to undertake this challenge by presenting a mielu of topics interrelated with diversity. From a Canadian perspective Jacqueline Lemieux chronicles the issue of land claims between British Columbia's First Nations and government from a historical perspective while presenting alternative modes of solution to those groups’ grievances. Lemieux warns of a bleak future in British Columbia in terms of First Nations’ land claims in the face of a solely 7 economic agenda of the province’s present government. Itzel Rodríguez Rosales explores the dynamics of body and identity politics at work in an U.S-based reproductive health program (APRI) for women in the Peruvian Amazon. She critically examines the pursuit of APRI’s rights-oriented reproductive agenda, and analyzes the contradictions that arose during the implementation of the program, one that entailed the convergence of powerful local and international forces. Set against the backdrop of the global reproductive rights movements, the paper offers poignant insights into the future of women’s rights and global development. Utilizing a historical perspective, Katherine Rossy delves into Nazi pronatal and antinatal policy responses to the dramatic drop in population following the First World War. Insightfully interpreting posters from propaganda magazines, Rossy elaborates on how demands for greater numbers of “racially pure” Germans were countered with the harrowing policies adopted against those deemed as non-Aryans. Contextualized within an analysis of pronatal policies in Germany’s surrounding states, this paper offers a frightening look at the coldly calculated actions adopted during the misogynistic and patriarchal Nazi Regime. Jonathan Lang provokes the query; to what extent has the common language of French facilitated minority integration? Using the case study of the Montreal Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish communities, Lang unpacks measures of integration as well as analyzes the dynamic that has developed from Quebec’s emphasis on ‘interculturalism’. He concludes that the answer is perhaps not as self-evident as might be assumed, and that factors beyond linguistic ones must also be considered for explaining outcomes. Randy Pinsky provides a critical assessment of Sierra Leone's Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) program, an initiative launched during the country's decade long civil war as part of the Lomé Peace Accord. Pinsky explores and critically assesses many of the program's limitations, and astutely challenges common assumptions and misperceptions regarding the rehabilitation of this particular population. Additionally, Pinksy also evaluates the program's pitfalls along a more nuanced gender dimension, with particular attention to the challenging rehabilitation of female soldiers. Marat Grebennikov presents a provoking paper in which multiculturalism in Europe is branded inherently flawed where the raison d’être of multiculturalism in Western democratic societies is fundamentally at odds with modern capitalism. The postwar European welfare state is doomed to fail by Grebennikov in the face of an 8 ethnically heterogenous society where mutual trust based on strong cultural and religious work ethic are no longer possible. With this diverse array of articles, we hope to provoke, inspire, and intrigue readers as to the ever fluctuating world of policymaking - of policies that remain not on legislative paper, but rather are “inAction”- for better or worse. Ranging from domestic to international contexts, you are sure to find something that will pique your interest. We proudly present to you Concordia University’s inaugural Political Science Graduate journal. Policy InAction Coordinating Team 9 10 Acknowledgments We would like to thank everyone who has helped make this Journal possible, including our families and friends. A special thanks goes to the faculty of Concordia’s Department of Political Science, in particular, Dr. Csaba Nikolenyi, Dr. Francesca Scala, Dr. Jean Francois Mayer, and Dr. Peter Stoett. We would also like to thank PhD candidate, Jeremy Speight for his advising and support. Thanks to Shiva Safari for her meaningful student testimony regarding Dr. Price, in memory of whom this journal is dedicated; and to all administrative staff, in particular Jeannie Krumel and Julie Blumer. Lastly, we would like to warmly thank all students that participated in the Conference. 11 12 Policy inAction is dedicated in Memory of Dr. Everett Price In Memoriam Dr. Everett Price Dr. Everett Price worked at the Department of Political Science for over forty years. During his long career he served in almost every possible administrative office of departmental leadership: he was past department chair, director of the graduate program, undergraduate advisor… a reliable and trusted colleague whose experience and wisdom we have been so fortunate to benefit from. Of all aspects of departmental life, the Masters Program in Public Policy and Public Administration was the closest to his heart. Not only did he play an instrumental role in championing the cause of creating this new and unique program but he has also worked ever since on novel ways to keep it fresh, competitive and attractive to new students from all over the world. Indeed, admission to the MPPPA program has become much sought after by students from all corners of the world, such as Latin America, Europe and the Middle East, many of whom were 13 personally recruited by Everett himself. This year,