A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
May 2014
47069770
Prepared for: Staffordshire County Council
UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
URS elements Rev Date Details Collated by Checked by approved by
1 29/05/14 Draft M. Cope S. Betts S. McQuade Environmental Principal Technical Director Scientist Planner
2 30/05/14 Final M. Cope S. Betts S. McQuade Environmental Principal Technical Director Scientist Planner
URS Infrastructure & Environnent UK Limited 12 Regan Way Chetwynd Business Park Chilwell Nottingham NG9 6RZ
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Environmental Statement
Limitations
URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited (“URS”) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Staffordshire County Council (“Client”) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed 47069770 2014. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS. This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS. The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate. Information obtained by URS has not been independently verified by URS, unless otherwise stated in the Report. The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by URS in providing its services are outlined in this Report. The work described in this Report was undertaken between March 2014 and May 2014 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time. The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances. Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made, such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available. URS disclaim any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any matter affecting the Report, which may come or be brought to URS’ attention after the date of the Report. Certain statements made in the Report that are not historical facts may constitute estimates, projections or other forward- looking statements and even though they are based on reasonable assumptions as of the date of the Report, such forward-looking statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted. URS specifically does not guarantee or warrant any estimate or projections contained in this Report. Copyright © This Report is the copyright of URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited. Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person other than the addressee is strictly prohibited.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background to the Environmental Statement ...... 1 1.2 Purpose of the Environmental Statement ...... 1 1.3 Site Description ...... 1 1.4 Environmental Constraints ...... 2 1.5 Planning Policy Considerations ...... 4 1.6 EIA Methodology ...... 7 1.7 Assumptions and Limitations of the EIA...... 17 2 PROJECT A DESCRIPTION ...... 19 2.1 Project Background ...... 19 2.2 Project Description ...... 19 2.3 Alternatives Considered ...... 21 2.4 Programme ...... 21 2.5 Public Consultation ...... 24 2.6 Construction Information ...... 24 3 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORT...... 29 3.1 Introduction ...... 29 3.2 Baseline conditions ...... 29 3.3 Regulatory/ Policy Framework ...... 29 3.4 Assessment Methodology ...... 37 3.5 Significant Effects ...... 39 3.6 Conclusions ...... 39 4 LANDSCAPE & VISUAL IMPACT ...... 40 4.1 Introduction ...... 40 4.2 Assessment Methodology ...... 43 4.3 Landscape Baseline conditions ...... 44 4.4 Visual Baseline Conditions ...... 48 4.5 Landscape Impact Assessment During Construction 51 4.6 Landscape Impact Assessment During Operation .... 53 4.7 Potential Visual Effects of the Scheme ...... 59 4.8 Mitigation of Effects of the Scheme ...... 60 4.9 Conclusion: Final Statement of Likely Significant Visual Effects ...... 70 4.10 Potential Cumulative Landscape & Visual Effects ..... 70 4.11 Conclusion and Statement of Landscape/Visual Significance Summary ...... 71
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5 ECOLOGY & NATURE CONSERVATION ...... 72 5.1 Introduction ...... 72 5.2 Survey and Assessment Methodology ...... 72 5.3 Impact Assessment ...... 75 5.4 Mitigation and Compensation Proposals and Residual Effects ...... 80 5.5 Conclusions ...... 84 6 ARCHAEOLOGY & CULTURAL HERITAGE...... 88 6.1 Introduction ...... 88 6.2 Assessment Methodology ...... 89 6.3 Baseline Conditions ...... 92 6.4 Impact Assessment ...... 94 6.5 Proposed Mitigation and Residual Effects ...... 98 6.6 Conclusions ...... 100 7 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 103 7.1 Introduction ...... 103 7.2 Baseline conditions ...... 103 7.3 Regulatory/ Policy Framework ...... 104 7.4 Assessment Methodology ...... 106 7.5 Construction Phase ...... 109 7.6 Operational Phase ...... 112 7.7 Significant Effects ...... 114 7.8 Conclusions ...... 114 8 NOISE AND VIBRATION ...... 116 8.1 Introduction ...... 116 8.2 Key Issues ...... 116 8.3 Regulatory/ Policy Framework ...... 118 8.4 Methodology ...... 118 8.5 Baseline Conditions ...... 120 8.6 Assessment of Impacts ...... 122 8.7 Operational Noise ...... 122 8.8 Mitigation and Residual Effects ...... 139 8.9 Vibration During Construction ...... 140 8.10 Conclusions ...... 140 9 AIR QUALITY ...... 141 9.1 Introduction ...... 141
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9.2 Regulatory/ Policy Framework ...... 142 9.3 Methodology ...... 145 9.4 Baseline conditions ...... 158 9.5 Significant Effects ...... 160 9.6 Conclusions ...... 165 10 GROUND CONDITIONS & CONTAMINATED LAND .. 167 10.1 Introduction ...... 167 10.2 Methodology ...... 168 10.3 Baseline Conditions ...... 172 10.4 Contamination Assessment ...... 176 10.5 Preliminary Geotechnical Assessments ...... 179 10.6 Assessment of Impacts ...... 180 10.7 Proposed Mitigation & Residual Effects...... 184 10.8 Residual Effects ...... 189 10.9 Conclusions ...... 191 11 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ...... 192 11.1 Introduction ...... 192 11.2 Scope of Assessment...... 193 12 REFERENCES ...... 198
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List of Appendices Appendix A1 Site Location Plan Appendix A2 Environmental Constraints Plan Appendix A3 EIA Scoping Report Appendix A4 EIA Scoping Response Appendix B1 Project A Proposal Drawings Appendix B2 Consultation Report Appendix C1 Transport Assessment Appendix C2 Transport Assessment Supporting Information – A50 VISSM Model Images Appendix C3 Public Rights of Way Assessment Appendix C4 Public Rights of Way – Pedestrian and Cycle Routes Appendix D1 Landscape & Visual Impact Assessment - Terminology Appendix D2 Landscape & Visual Impact Assessment Figures – (Figures D2a-D2i) Appendix D3 Street Lighting Report Appendix D4 Street Lighting Plans Appendix D5 Tree Report Appendix D6 Tree Report Plans Appendix D7 Tree Loss Plans Appendix D9 Proposed Landscaping – Sheet 1 of 2 Appendix D10 Proposed Landscaping – Sheet 2 of 2 Appendix D11 Landscape Proposals Strategy Appendix E1 Phase 1 Ecological Survey Report Appendix E2 Phase 1 Ecological Survey Plan (Figure 1) Appendix E3 Confidential Badger Report Appendix F1 Historic Environment Baseline Report Appendix F2 Heritage Asset Drawing Appendix G1 Flood Risk Assessment & Drainage Strategy Appendix G2 Flood Risk Assessment & Drainage Strategy Appendices Appendix H Noise Appendices Appendix I Air Quality Study Area (Figure 1) Appendix J Phase 1 Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical Assessment
Glossary of Common Terms Used in the Environmental Statement
Air Quality Management Area (AQMA): A designation made by a local authority where an assessment of local air quality results in the need to devise an action plan to improve the quality of air.
Baseline: The environmental conditions against which any future changes can be measured or predicted and assessed.*
Beneficial effects: The positive consequences of impacts on the environment.
Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP): A structured plan that outlines the mitigation, monitoring and management requirements during and following construction, arising from an Environmental Impact Assessment.
Cumulative effect: result from additive impacts caused by other past, present or reasonably foreseeable actions together with the plan, programme or project itself and synergistic effects (in-combination) which arise from the reaction between impacts of a development plan, programme or project on different aspects of the environment.
Decibel: Unit of noise measurement.
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Direct effects: Effects that arise from the impact of activities that form an integral part of the project (e.g. land take and new infrastructure).
Dust particulate: Matter in the size range 1–75 µm in diameter.
EIA Directive: European Council Directive 2011/92/EU which sets out the legal requirements in assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment.
EIA Regulations: Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011 which transposes the EIA Directive into English Law.
Environmental effect: The consequence of an environmental impact.
Environmental impact: The process or action in which a change is bought about in the environment.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): The systematic, reproducible and interdisciplinary identification, prediction and evaluation, mitigation and management of impacts from a proposed development and its reasonable alternatives.*
Environmental Statement: Document in which the results of an EIA are presented to decision makers and the Public.*
Indirect effects: Effects that arise from the impact of activities that do not form part of the development, but which are a consequence of it (e.g. increased road traffic).
Fine particulate matter (PM10): particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm.
Mitigation measures: Methods employed to avoid, reduce, remedy or compensate for the significant adverse impacts of development proposals.*
Non-technical Summary: Information for the non-specialist reader to enable them to understand the main environmental impacts of the proposal without reference to the main environmental statement.*
Permanent effects: Effects that result from an irreversible change to the environment or which persist for the foreseeable future.
Residual effects: Those effects that will remain after the effect of mitigation measures have been accounted for.*
Scoping: The process of identifying the issues to be addressed by an EIA. It is a method of ensuring that an EIA focuses on the important issues and avoids those that are considered to be less significant.*
Secondary effects: Indirect or induced changes in the environment.*
Soiling: A visible effect caused by the cumulative deposition of airborne dust onto a surface.
Temporary effects: Effects that persist for a limited period of time.
* From Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (IEMA, 2004)
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
The A50(T) Growth Corridor is located to north of the Staffordshire town of Uttoxeter, in the administrative area of East Staffordshire Borough Council (Figure 1.1). Staffordshire County Council is leading the A50(T) Growth Corridor improvement works, which involves upgrade of the A50(T) between Blythe Bridge (Tean Roundabout) and the Doveridge Bypass. There are existing traffic delay issues at two at-grade junctions of the A50(T) with the A518 and the B5030 which the overall improvement works seek to address. The improvements are required in the Uttoxeter area to facilitate several major development proposals including extensive housing, business parks and expansion at JCB’s sites and to reduce traffic congestion and delays and improve safety standards of the existing A50(T) and A522 slip roads.
The planning application for replacement of the existing A50(T) over-bridge of the A522 Uttoxeter Road with a new grade-separated junction is the first stage of A50(T) Growth Corridor improvements, and is referred to as ‘Project A’ (refer to drawing number CDX8609/P/01). The new junction would comprise two roundabouts and connecting bridge over the A50(T) in a dumbbell arrangement. This Environmental Statement (ES) documents an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) undertaken on the proposals for Project A as a standalone development.
Staffordshire County Council in its role as Highway Authority has commissioned this ES to accompany a planning application for Project A, submitted for determination by Staffordshire County Council in its role as Local Planning Authority (LPA) under Regulation 3 of the Town & Country Planning General Regulations 1992.
The proposals include land take and a new over-bridge that could impact on the landscape and visual amenity of the area. Increases in traffic levels using this junction may impact on nearby residential properties as a result of increased noise, vibration, air pollution and light spill. There is also a potential issue of cumulative impact with nearby development proposals including expansion at JCB and St Modwen’s housing and business park developments to the west of Uttoxeter. Consequently, it is considered that the proposed A50(T)/A522 highway improvement Project A is ‘EIA Development’ for the purposes of the EIA Regulations 2011.
Staffordshire County Council formally requested an ‘EIA Scoping Opinion’ on Project A from the Local Planning Authority (Staffordshire County Council Planning department) under the EIA Regulations 2011. The Scoping Opinion provided by the Local Planning Authority has informed preparation of the ES. Further details of EIA Scoping is provided in Section 1.6 below.
The application site is approximately 19.65 ha and is currently the site of the A50(T), major trunk road. Land immediately to north of the development site is in agricultural use, belonging to Anfield House Farm and Park View Farm. Approximately 40m north of these farm buildings is the River Tean. Also to the north is the village of Stramshall. To the northwest of the site, located between the A522 Uttoxeter Road and the A50(T) is the JCB World Parts Centre and their Heavy Products building. South of the A50(T) and west of the site is Park’s Farm. South of the site are residential properties in Tunnicliffe Way, New Road and Davies Drive. Immediately east of the site on New Road are further residential properties and a Shell petrol filling station.
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Environmental Statement
Figure 1.2 illustrates environmental constraints within a study area up to 2km from the Project A proposals. The environmental constraints identified are summarised as follow.
There are several residences located within 200m of the Project A proposals. Some residences are as close as 20–25m, such as the residents of New Road, Tunnicliffe Way and Davies Drive.
Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
There are no World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks & Gardens or Registered Battlefields within 1km of the proposed Project A.
As detailed in Table 1.1, there are a total of seven listed buildings located within 1 km of the Project A; all of which are listed at Grade II. One of these falls within the proposed Project A extents: the grade II listed milepost located on the A522 opposite the JCB factory (SK 07089 35315).
Table 1.1: Listed Buildings Ref Name Grade Location and Description Number distance from Project A (approximate) 1 Beamhurst Bridge II 800m north west Mid-19th century road bridge. Single segmental arch spanning the River Tean. Roll moulded parapet band to coped parapet; abutments slope down to square section end piers with pyramidal caps. 2 Mill Farmhouse and II 560m north west Mill dated 1771, farmhouse early mid-19th attached mill century. Red brick painted white; plain tile roof; brick integral end stack and ridge stack. House to right, gabled mill to left. 3 Springfields II 520m north west Early 19th century house. Red brick; hipped slate roof; brick integral end stacks. Two storeys with dentilled eaves; five bays, glazing bar sashes with shaped lintels; central six- panelled door with rectangular overlight and side lights and Tuscan porch. Interior: open- well staircase with wreathed hand rail and slim iron balusters of square section. 4 Bridge II 460m north west Early 19th road bridge. Chisel-dressed ashlar. approximately 100 Single segmental arch spanning the River yards south east of Tean; parapet band to plain parapet Mill Farmhouse terminating in rectangular piers. 5 Milepost at II 70m north west Early 19th century milepost of painted cast SK0708935315, iron. Triangular in section with inclined head outside JCB World and segmental-arched, raised back plate. The Parts Centre milepost was erected by the Uttoxeter to Blythe Marsh Turnpike Trust. It was cast in Burton upon Trent in 1828. 6 Church of St Michael II 980m north Chapel of ease; 1850-52. By Thomas Fradgley of Uttoxeter. Early English style: 4- bay nave with buttresses marking each bay division and angle buttresses to the west,
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Environmental Statement
south porch, south-west bell turret, 2-bay chancel, north vestry. 7 Milepost (1 mile for II 380m south east Early 19th century milepost. Painted cast iron. Uttoxeter) Semi-circular back plate lettered "London 140: Liverpool 71", and on the splayed sides, "Newcastle 17 miles: Uttoxeter 1 mile".
Water
The Environment Agency Flood Map shows that the northern half of the proposed Project A site lies within Flood Zone 3 associated with the River Tean. The area affected includes a section of the A50(T) and of the A522 (see Figure 1.2).
The River Tean is located within 100m of the north of the Project A proposals. It has been classed by the Environment Agency as having a moderate ecological quality and good chemical quality. The River Tean also flows into the River Dove, which is classed as having bad ecological quality and is located over 2km east of the proposed Project A. There is also a large network of streams and ditches crossing the Project A proposals. A Groundwater Source Protection Zone 3 is located within 1km of the proposals to the south west. Project A has the potential to affect the water quality of these watercourses and of groundwater through runoff and/or accidental spillages reaching the watercourses and/or infiltrating into groundwater.
Ecology
As detailed in the Table 1.2 below, seven non-statutory wildlife sites and two Ancient Semi- natural Woodlands have been identified within 2km of Project A. No statutory designated sites have been identified within the study area. As well as wildlife sites habitat including four ponds are present within 250m of the site.
Table 1.2: Wildlife Sites Site Name Site Type Location and Distance from Project A (approximate) Dagdale Local Wildlife Site (LWS) 1.75km southwest Upper Nobut LWS 1.9km west Hollington Lane, Croxton LWS 1.6km north Cotton’s Wood and the Alders LWS and Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland 1.6km north Creighton (north west of) LWS 950m north Crakemarsh Pool SBI 1.8km northeast Uttoxeter Quarry LWS 1.45km northeast Sidford Wood Ancient Semi-natural Woodland 1.75km east
A number of protected species have been recorded in the study area including, various bat species, water vole (Arvicola amphibious), otter (Lutra lutra), white clawed-crayfish, common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) and birds.
A small area of Himalayan balsam was identified fringing the River Tean in the north of the proposed site. In addition, two established stands of Japanese knotweed are present in the north western corner of the Parks Restaurant, also within the proposed site.
Contaminated Land
There are three landfills located within 2km of the proposed Project A:
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Landfill site south of Bramshall Road (approximately 1.4km south of the project);
Landfill adjoining Pennycroft Sewage Works (just over 1km east of the project); and
Old Site the Wharf (just over 1km east of the project).
No significant pollution incident has been recorded by the Environment Agency within 1km of the Project A proposals.
Public Rights of Way (PRoW)
There are three Public Rights of Way crossing the proposed Project A: Footpaths 52, 56 and 57. Footpath 52 is accessed off the A522 north east of the Parks, Footpath 56 is accessed via the A522 south of Park View and Footpath 57 is accessed off the A522 northwest of Park Hill. Construction and operation of Project A is likely to disrupt access to these public footpaths.
1.5.1
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published in March 2012, and provides the framework for policy formulated at the local level. The NPPF states that the purpose of the planning system is to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development and identifies three dimensions to sustainable development; the economic role including through providing sufficient land at the right time to support growth and innovation; the social role in supporting strong, vibrant and healthy communities including through local accessible services that reflect the community’s needs; and the environmental role to protect the environment including through moving to a low carbon economy.
At the heart of the NPPF is the presumption in favour of sustainable development, which as paragraph 14 states:
‘…should be seen as a golden thread running through both plan-making and decision taking. For plan-making this means that:
Local planning authorities should positively seek opportunities to meet the development needs of their area’
The main provisions set out within the NPPF that are of relevance to this proposed development are set out below.
Chapter 4 of the NPPF concerns the promotion of sustainable transport. Paragraph 29 states that:
‘Transport policies have an important role to play in facilitating sustainable development but also in contributing to wider sustainability and health objectives. Smarter use of technologies can reduce the need to travel. The transport system needs to be balanced in favour of sustainable transport modes, giving people a real choice about how they travel.
In support of environmental sustainability, paragraph 30 suggests;
‘encouragement should be given to solutions which support reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and reduce congestion. In preparing Local Plans, local planning authorities should therefore support a pattern of development which, where reasonable facilitates the use of sustainable modes of transport’.
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Chapter 11 of the NPPF addresses the conservation and enhancement of the natural environment. The NPPF expects development to contribute to and enhance the natural environment by: minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains where possible; and preventing both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution.
At paragraph 118, the NPPF says that when determining applications, local planning authorities should aim to conserve and enhance biodiversity. Paragraph 120 addresses the risks from pollution, stating:
‘The effects of pollution on health, the natural environment or general amenity and the potential sensitivity of the area to adverse effects from pollution should be taken into account. Where a site is affected by contamination or land stability issues, responsibility for securing a safe development rests with the developer and/or landowner.’
Chapter 12 concerns the conservation and enhancement of the historic environment. Paragraph 128 requires applicants to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected and any contribution made by their setting.
1.5.2
The application site lies within the administrative boundary of East Staffordshire Borough Council; the relevant Local Development Plan document is therefore the East Staffordshire Local Plan, 2006 and the Emerging Draft Local Plan.
East Staffordshire Local Plan, 2006
The East Staffordshire Adopted Local Plan (2006) provides the policy basis for determining all planning applications received by the Authority. In 2009, the authority was granted permission to save a large number of policies which will remain in place until the New Local Plan is adopted.
The policies within the East Staffordshire Local Plan that are of relevance to this development include;
Policy BE1: related to Design, and states;
‘the Borough will approve applications for development which responds positively to the context of the surrounding area and exhibit a high quality design’.
In determining applications consideration will be given to layout, open space, density and mix, massing including the developments shape and volume, height, materials used, any detailing and the extent to which safety of users has been considered.
Policy NE27: Light Pollution, seeks to ensure all new development is designed to avoid light pollution or spillage.
Policy T1: Transport: General Principles for New Development, states that;
‘the Borough Council will not permit development where it would unacceptably harm the safety and efficient use of the highways network, or compromise the implementation of the Local Transport Plan Area Strategies’.
Policy T2: Strategic Highway Network, states;
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‘planning permission will not be granted for a development which by reason of its traffic generation or otherwise would have a significant adverse effect on the safe and expeditious movement of long distance through traffic on the trunk road network’.
Emerging Local Plan (Pre-submission Version, 2013)
The Emerging Local Plan was submitted to the Secretary of State on Friday 11th April 2014. Once adopted it will replace the existing adopted Local Plan (2006) and will provide the policy context for the Borough until 2031.
Within the emerging Local Plan a series of 12 strategic objectives are outlined to deliver the Vision for the Borough. SO3 and SO10 are both relevant to this Project A.
SO3: Accessibility and Transport Infrastructure seeks:
‘To ensure that new development will be supported by effective transport infrastructure and designed in a way that reduces the need and desire to travel by car through encouraging the use of public transport, walking, cycling and rail travel’; and
SO10: Flood Risk seeks:
‘To plan for and reduce the impacts of climate change including ensuring that new development in settlements along our river corridors in particular are not exposed unnecessarily to the risk of flooding or increases the risk of flooding elsewhere, recognising the benefit of Green Infrastructure’.
Strategic Policy: 7 – Sustainable Urban Extension (west of the Uttoxeter is identified as a Major SUE)
Strategic Policy: 27 – Climate Change, Water Body Management and Flooding requires Flood Risk Assessments for any proposal in an area at risk of flooding (land within flood zones 2 and 3).
Strategic Policy: 29 – Biodiversity and Geodiversity details how the Authority will seek to protect, maintain and enhance biodiversity and geodiversity throughout the Borough.
Strategic Policy: 35 – Accessibility and Sustainable Transport, sets out how the authority is committed to generating an integrated community by a sustainable transport system which connects people to jobs, services and community facilities.
Strategic Policy: 24 – High Quality Design and policy DP1 – Design of new Development both seek to set the Authority’s intention in relation to design of new development. DP1 states: ‘planning permission will normally be granted for development which responds positively to the context of the surrounding area and exhibits high quality of design’.
Policy DP2 Designing in Sustainable Construction explains the Councils approach to low carbon buildings, a list of criteria sets out what is expected from new development including; designing out energy demand, introducing low carbon energy supply, incorporating the best environmental practice and construction techniques, use of appropriate materials, minimising the use of water and creation of waste and the incorporation of ecologically sensitive design.
Policies DP5: Protecting the Historic Environment, DP6: Protecting the Historic Environment: Other Heritage Assets and Strategic Policy: 25 – Historic Environment; seek to ensure that all heritage assets, listed buildings, registered parks and gardens, historic landscapes and conservation areas are protected and enhanced.
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Policy DP7: Pollution, states that proposals will only be granted permission where they will not give rise to, or be likely to suffer from, land instability and or unacceptable levels of pollution in respect of noise, light or contamination.
Policy DP8: Tree Protection, seeks to ensure protected trees are not removed for development and the removal of any existing trees of value is resisted or replaced by a greater number of replacement trees.
Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Waste Local Plan
The Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Waste Local Plan was adopted in 2013 and sets the waste policy context up until 2026.
Policy 1.2 seeks to make better use of waste associated with non-waste related development requires all major development proposals to address waste as a resource, minimise waste, demonstrate the use of sustainable design and construction techniques, maximise on-site management of construction, demolition and excavation waste arising during construction and be supported by a site waste management plan.
Staffordshire Local Transport Plan 2011
Staffordshire’s third Local Transport Plan (LTP) was published in 2011. The plan takes the form of two main documents (the Strategy Plan and the Implementation Plan) and a series of eight District specific strategies. The LTP sets out the County Council’s proposals for transport provision in the county. The East Staffordshire Borough Integrated Transport Strategy (2014), details the junction capacity issues at the A50(T) (T), which are having a negative impact on the main carriageway.
The Strategy goes on to detail the proposed improvements at the A50(T) Growth Corridor;
‘the A50(T) Trunk Road forms part of the Highways Agency Strategic Road Network running through the North Midlands linking the M6 in the west to the M1 in the east. The A50(T) (T) improvements around Uttoxeter were announced in the 2013 National Infrastructure Plan to help relieve congestion at this location and support local growth, jobs and housing. Staffordshire County Council will deliver two grade-separated junctions (Projects A and B) on behalf of the Department for Transport and Highways Agency’.
The EIA has been prepared to comply with the aforementioned EIA Regulations which implement the European Council Directive 2011/92/EU (hereafter referred to as ‘the EIA Directive’). Reference has also been made to current good practice guidance including the IEMA Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (including 2006 Updates) and the Highways Agency Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 11.
The objectives of the ES are:
to describe the proposal and the baseline conditions of the local environment;
to identify the potential impacts of the proposal;
to assess the significance of environmental effects;
to propose mitigation measures and determine the residual environmental effects after proposed mitigation has been taken into account; and
to communicate the results to decision makers and other interested parties.
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The ES seeks to present the Project A proposals and the results of specialist assessments in a clear and unbiased manner and has been produced to accompany the planning application.
1.6.1
EIA Scoping effectively starts at the initiation of the EIA and continues through into the detailed technical assessments. The objective of the scoping process is to identify those significant environmental issues which might arise during the construction and operation of the development proposals and which should, therefore, be addressed in more detail as part of the EIA and the resulting ES. The Scoping exercise also serves to “scope out” from further assessment issues which are not considered to have the potential to result in significant effects. The Scoping Report also sets out the methodology proposed to be employed during the EIA, and the structure of the ES.
Staffordshire County Council formally requested an ‘EIA Scoping Opinion’ on Project A from the Local Planning Authority (Staffordshire County Council Planning department) under the Town & Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011. The Scoping Report and Scoping Response are provided in Appendix A. In accordance with the Scoping Report and Response this Environmental Statement has been prepared to accompany the planning application for Project A as a stand-alone development.
Table 1.3 below summarises likely potential significant effects identified in the EIA Scoping report that were proposed to be addressed in the ES. A summary of the scoping response received from Staffordshire County Council Planning department is provided in Table 1.4 below.
Table 1.3. Summary of likely potential significant effects identified in the EIA scoping report to be addressed in the ES Topic Typical Issues Scoped In Scoped Out Construction Operation Planning Context National planning and transport policy and guidance, relevant strategies and studies and relevant Development Plans Landscape Character & Visual Impact Landscape character Visual effects of the proposed new infrastructure Ecology & Nature Conservation Habitat Hedgerow Badger Bat roost potential trees Great crested newts Protected species
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Topic Typical Issues Scoped In Scoped Out Construction Operation Archaeology & Cultural Heritage Archaeological assets, and together with Historic built assets Historic parklands Historic landscape character Water Environment, FRA & Drainage Flood risk Surface water drainage Groundwater Cumulative effects Traffic & Transport Increased vehicular and machinery traffic Increased traffic movements on the A522, between the new A50(T) junction and Holly Road Cumulative effects Noise & Vibration Construction noise & vibration Traffic noise Cumulative effects Air Quality Dust Road traffic emissions of nitrogen dioxide Cumulative effects Lighting Visual impact of street lighting Ground Conditions & Contamination Ground stability Human health impacts associated with contaminated land Public Rights of Way Temporary and permanent diversion or closure
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Topic Typical Issues Scoped In Scoped Out Construction Operation Agricultural Land & Soil Resources Socio-Economic
Table 1.4. Summary of the EIA scoping response received from Staffordshire County Council Planning department Consultee Summary of issue raised Response/where addressed in ES Staffordshire County Council Planning Each ES topic should include a All ES Assessment Chapters description of the baseline (3 to 11). conditions, assessment of impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and residual effects. A section that summarises the site Chapter 1 (Introduction) and surroundings, including any designations and receptors. Clearly identify which section of the Chapter 1 (Introduction) proposals are being assessed Description of each phase of the development including the following: a) a site waste management plan This would be prepared by the construction contractor on appointment and will form part of the construction environmental management plan. b) a description of construction Chapter 2 (Project A materials Description) c) details of site clearance and Chapter 2 (Project A enabling works required Description) d) phasing of constriction works This information is currently not known. e) details of temporary and Chapter 2 (Project A permanent land take including Description) proposed use f) details of stockpiling areas This information would not usually be known until the construction contractor is appointed, but would be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor.
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
Consultee Summary of issue raised Response/where addressed in ES g) details of plant management This information would not usually be known until the construction contractor is appointed, but would be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor. h) Traffic management This information is not always known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment, but would be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor. i) effect of diversions This information is not always known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment, but could be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor. j) traffic management plan This information is not always known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment. k) site parking arrangements This information is not always known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment. l) temporary lighting This information would not be known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment, but would be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor. The impact of any impact of likely requirements for temporary lighting is addressed in Chapter 4 (Landscape & Visual Impact). m) Impacts associated with noise, Chapter 8 (Noise & vibration, dust and emissions Vibration); Chapter 9 (Air during construction. Quality) n) control of mud on highways This information would not be known at the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment, but would be addressed in a construction
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 11
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
Consultee Summary of issue raised Response/where addressed in ES environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor. o) construction working hours Chapter 2 (Project A Description) p) construction programme This information is currently not known. Operational maintenance Chapter 2 (Project A requirements Description) Introduction to the ES including a Chapter 1 (Introduction) description of the proposed development, and availability of the ES. A consideration of the planning Chapter 1 (Introduction); All policy context relevant to the ES Assessment Chapters (3 development. to 10). Staffordshire County Council Night time effects on the wider Appendix D (Lighting Environmental Advice Team landscape Assessment). BS5837:2012 Tree Survey BS5837 is considered outside of the scope of EIA Regulations. Where loss of trees would result in visual impact on the landscape, this is considered in Chapter 4 (Landscape & Visual Impacts) and Appendix D (Tree Survey Report). Follow-up monitoring of the Chapter 5 (Ecology & Nature effectiveness of ecological Conservation) makes mitigation recommendations for follow- up monitoring ecological mitigation. It would be for the construction contractor to manage this through, for example, a construction environmental management plan. Consider opportunities for Chapter 5 (Ecology & Nature ecological enhancement Conservation) Cultural Heritage assets within 2km Chapter 1 (Environmental of the development proposals. Constraints) Chapter 6 Archaeology & Cultural Heritage
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 12
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
Consultee Summary of issue raised Response/where addressed in ES Staffordshire County Council Planning Transfer of Sewers Regulations The Transfer of Sewers 2011 & drainage Regulations 2011 is considered outside of the scope of EIA Regulations. Where works on sewers as a result of the proposals and drainage design would result impacts on the environment, this is considered in Chapter 7 (Water Environment & FRA). Staffordshire County Council Transport Assessment Assessment of the Development Control environmental impact of traffic and transport is considered in Chapter 3 (Traffic & Transport). Staffordshire County Council Lighting Assessment Assessment of the Environmental Health environmental impact of lighting is included in Chapter 4 (Landscape & Visual Impact) where relevant. Staffordshire County Council Reference to the definitive map Appendix C (Public Rights of Environmental Advice Team footpaths 56, 57, 58 & 62 Way) Staffordshire County Council Planning Cumulative effects rationale and Chapter 3 (Traffic & traffic impacts resulting from the Transport); Chapter 11 development together with other (Cumulative Effects) developments DMRB Materials Assessment A description of construction materials is provided in Chapter 2 (Project A Description) Consideration of Alternatives Chapter 2 (Project A Description)
1.6.2
The EIA Directive requires that EIA “identify, describe and assess…the direct and indirect effects of a project on the following factors: human beings, fauna and flora; soil, water, air, climate and the landscape; material assets and cultural heritage; [and] the interaction between the factors”. The EIA should determine the potential impacts of each aspect of the project likely to have a significant effect on the environment, including its location and management.
Schedule 4 Part II of the EIA Regulations sets out the minimum requirements of information for inclusion in an ES. These are summarised in Table 1.5 below, which also identifies where the information is presented in this ES.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 13
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
Table 1.5. Summary of legislative requirements of the ES Specified Information Location within ES 1 Description of the development, including in particular - (See below) (a) A description of the physical characteristics of the whole Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development) development and the land-use requirements during the construction and operational phases.
(b) A description of the main characteristics of the Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development) production processes, for instance, nature and quantity of materials used. (c) An estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development), and emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, and Chapters 3 to 11. vibration, light, heat, radiation, etc.) resulting from the operation of the Proposed Development. 2 An outline of the main alternatives studied by the Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development) applicant or appellant and an indication of the main reasons for his choice, taking into account the environmental effects. 3 A description of the aspects of the environment likely to All ES Assessment Chapters (3 to 11). be significantly affected by the development, including, in particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets (including telecommunication interference), including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and inter-relationship between the above factors. 4 A description of the likely significant effects of the All ES Assessment Chapters (3 to 11). development on the environment, which should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects of the development, resulting from: (a) The existence of the development; All ES Assessment Chapters (3 to 11). (b) The use of natural resources; Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development) (c) The emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances Chapter 1 (The Proposed Development), and the elimination of waste. and ES Chapters 3 to 11. 5 A description of the measures envisaged to prevent, All ES Assessment Chapters (3 to 11); reduce and where possible offset any significant Chapter 2 (The Proposed Development) adverse effects on the environment. 6 A non-technical summary of the information provided Non-Technical Summary document under paragraphs 1 to 5 of this Part. 7 An indication of any difficulties (technical deficiencies or Chapter 1 (Limitations) and in lack of know-how) encountered by the applicant in Assessment Chapters (3 to 15) where compiling the required information. relevant.
1.6.3
Schedule 4 Part 1 of the EIA Regulations requires under regulation 2(1) that a consideration of cumulative effects is included in the Environmental Statement as follows (text in bold for clarity):
3. ‘A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the development, including, in particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the inter-relationship between the above factors.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 14
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
4. A description of the likely significant effects of the development on the environment, which should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects of the development, resulting from:
a. the existence of the development;
b. the use of natural resources;
c. the emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste…’
The cumulative effects assessment therefore considers the cumulative effects with regard to (i) inter-relationships between environmental effects considered in the ES hitherto (including the interrelationship of visual, noise and air quality impacts on residential, commercial, ecological and heritage receptors), and (ii) the environmental impacts of the Proposed Development when considered cumulatively with the environmental impact of other adjacent developments.
As identified in the EIA scoping report: ‘fundamental justification for this Project is not only to improve highway safety at the junction of the A50(T) and A522, but also to increase its capacity to accommodate the planned expansion of JCB and St Modwen’s mixed use development at Parks Farm which is a key component for delivering East Staffordshire Council’s Local Plan growth allocation at Uttoxeter’. Consideration is therefore given to the cumulative impact assessment of these developments.
Staffordshire County Council is leading the A50(T) Growth Corridor improvement works, which involves upgrade of the A50(T) between Blythe Bridge (Tean Roundabout) and the Doveridge Bypass. It is understood that further development involving upgrade of the A50(T) outside of the Project A proposals is at the time of submission unfinanced, uncommitted and has not yet been the subject of a planning application. Should a second phase of proposals (referred to as ‘Project B’) be progressed, its planning application would require separate Environmental Impact Assessment concerning the overall environmental impact of the Project B proposals, including the combined impact of Project A and B.
1.6.4
Structure of the ES
The ES comprises main text (this document); technical appendices and associated drawings and a Non-Technical Summary.
The ES documents the findings of the EIA and has been prepared in accordance with the Town & Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England) Regulations 2011. The ES is required to include ‘at least’ the information included in Part II, Schedule 4 to the Regulations and such information in Part I as is reasonably required to assess the environmental effects of the development and which the applicant can reasonably be required to complete.
The purpose of the ES is to identify the development’s ‘likely significant environmental effects’ and include the following information required by the Regulations: A description of the development, comprising information on the site, design and size of the development. A description of the measures envisaged in order to avoid, reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 15
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
The data required to identify and assess the main effects which the development is likely to have on the environment. An outline of the main alternatives studied and an indication of the main reasons for the choice, taking into account the environmental effects. A Non-Technical Summary of the information set out above.
Each environmental chapter of the ES broadly comprises the following structure: A description of baseline conditions. An assessment of potential effects that may arise during demolition, construction, and operation. Detail of the mitigation measures proposed to remove, reduce or remedy potentially significant adverse effects. A description of any significant adverse effects that may remain following implementation of the mitigation measures.
The main text of the ES is organised on a topical basis with regard to the potential environmental impacts of the development proposals. The ES structure by environment assessment topic and the responsible organisation for undertaking each assessment are set out in Table 1.6.
The Non-Technical Summary summarises the proposal, its likely environmental effects and proposed mitigating measures in ‘Plain English’. It is intended to inform people who have a general interest in the development, but who are not concerned with or do not understand the detail forming the basis of the technical assessments. The Non-Technical Summary is available separately as a stand-alone document and is attached at the front of the ES.
Table 1.6. Proposed structure of the ES and responsible organisation of environmental assessments Environmental Statement Chapter Organisation Chapter Prepared By 1. Introduction URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd 2. Project A Description Staffordshire County Council Major Projects Team 3. Traffic & Transport SCC Connectivity Strategy Team 4. Landscape & Visual Impact URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd 5. Ecology & Nature Conservation Staffordshire County Council Ecology Team & Apex Ecology Ltd. 6. Archaeology & Cultural Heritage URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd & Museum of London Archaeology 7. Water Environment Atkins Ltd 8. Noise & Vibration Staffordshire County Council Major Projects Team & URS Infrastructure Environmental Ltd respectively 9. Air Quality URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd 10. Ground Conditions & Contamination URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd 11. Cumulative Effects URS Infrastructure & Environmental Ltd 12. Non-Technical Summary SCC Major Projects Team
In addition to the ES chapters a Flood Risk Assessment, Lighting Assessment, Transport Assessment, Tree Survey Report and Public Rights of Way Assessment have been undertaken and are provided in Appendices as referred to within the relevant ES chapter.
Feedback
If you wish to comment on the ES you may write to the following address:
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 16
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
Andy Mason Project Manager Powerhouse Central Built County Staffordshire County Council No1 Staffordshire Place c/o Wedgwood Building Block A Tipping Street Stafford ST16 2DH
A copy of the ES may be purchased in printed form for £100 or in digital form on a CD for £20, by writing to this address. The ES is available to view freely at the Staffordshire County Council Planning Department at the below address during its normal opening hours.
Planning, Policy & Development Control (Floor 2) Staffordshire County Council c/o Wedgwood Building (Block A) Tipping Street Stafford ST16 2DH
Follow-up
There is no statutory requirement for ‘follow-up’ after the ES has been published; however monitoring is recommended to ensure that environmental protection occurs throughout development. Further details of likely monitoring requirements are described in each of the respective assessment chapters of the ES. Construction impacts are dealt with in chapter 5 and in each of the specialist ES chapters as appropriate. Environmental protection measures during construction will be detailed in a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) to be produced at a later stage by the Construction Contractor.
This EIA is based on the following assumptions and limitations:
The assessment is based on the Project A layout as shown on drawings CDX8609/P/01 and CDX8609/P/02. The assessment is based on the construction information provided by Staffordshire County Council, as set out in Chapter 2 below. No detailed information is currently available regarding construction programme, site compounds, stockpile/storage areas, haul routes nor construction stage traffic management. This information would be identified from discussions with the appointed contractor and would then form part of the construction environmental management plan which is to be prepared by the contractor.
No detail regarding structural design is available, however the main over-bridge is likely to comprise earth reinforced retaining abutments and wing walls, with reinforced concrete bank seats and composite steel beam and reinforced concrete deck. It is assumed that piling will not be required.
The water assessment has been undertaken on the basis of a drainage strategy and not a full drainage design, with new ditch courses required as detailed on drawings CDX8609/P/12 and 13 and in the flood risk assessment.
Ground investigation and contamination testing have not been undertaken on the site to date, and so the geotechnical and geo-environmental inputs are based on desk study data only. A
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
full ground investigation is planned to be undertaken during June and July 2014, including boreholes and trial pits, testing will be carried out for classification, moisture contents etc. and a full suite of chemical testing appropriate to the WAC criteria is to be undertaken, as will leachate testing. Sufficient testing will be carried out to allow a quantitative risk assessment to be undertaken. Both geo-environmental and geotechnical information will be obtained, interpreted and assessed data will be used to inform the design of the development.
Pre-determination archaeological investigation has not been undertaken to inform this EIA, and therefore the Cultural Heritage assessment has been undertaken on the basis of a desk study and site walkover only.
The ecology assessment undertaken has been based on a Phase1 Habitat Survey, which makes recommendations for further species surveys. It has therefore been assumed that the recommended surveys would be undertaken at the post-submission and post-determination stages. At the time of writing Staffordshire County Council have instructed the following surveys to inform ecology mitigation proposals, the outcome of which are awaited: badger survey; great crested newts survey; and bat roost potential survey.
No information has been available regarding materials including cut and fill, sources of materials and disposal of waste and special wastes. This information would be identified from discussions with the appointed construction contractor and would then form part of the construction environmental management plan which is to be prepared by the contractor.
This EIA has assumed that temporary land take outside of the red line boundary would not be required.
The scope of the EIA is based on the recommendations of the scoping exercise detailed in section 1.6.1 and the scoping opinion provided to URS by Staffordshire County Council.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 18
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
The following Project A Description was provided by Staffordshire County Council. Project A layout drawings and a Statement of Community Involvement is provided in Appendix B.
The application site of approximately 19.3 ha and is currently the site of the A50(T), and the A522 New Road junction, covering the existing slip roads and the A522 over bridge.
Land required for the Project A proposals covers approximately 13 ha at and in the vicinity of the existing junction of the A50(T) and the A522 New Road, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. The land is currently in a number of different ownerships, but in summary comprises the following:
a) the whole of the front garden of the residential property known as Park View Farm.
b) a thin strip of agricultural grazing land adjacent to and north of the existing A50(T) being part of the property known as Anfield House. This is a relatively small area of land being at its maximum five meters wide.
c) agricultural (grazing land) land to the north and south of the A522 Tean Road being part of the property know as Parks Farm.
d) agricultural (grazing land) land to the south of the A50(T) and west of the A522 New Road being part of the property known as Parks Farm.
e) part of the grounds of the commercial property (restaurant) known as The Parks.
f) a strip of agricultural grazing land adjacent to and south of the existing A50(T) being part of the property known as Norbut Hall.
g) agricultural land to the north of the existing A50(T) and south of the A522 currently being unused).
h) strips of land adjacent to the A50(T) and the A522 being part of the industrial land of JCB World Parts Centre.
i) a small area of land adjacent to and north of the A50(T) unregistered, but forming part of the landscaped grounds of the JCB World Parts Centre.
Land immediately to north of the development site is predominantly in agricultural use, belonging to Anfield House Farm, Park View Farm and Parks Farm. Approximately 40m north of these farm buildings is the River Tean. Also to the north is the village of Stramshall. To the northwest of the site, located between the A522 Uttoxeter Road and the A50(T) is the JCB World Parts Centre and their Heavy Products building. South of the A50(T) and west of the site is Park’s Farm. South of the site are residential properties in Tunnicliffe Way, New Road and Davies Drive. Immediately east of the site on New Road are further residential properties and a Shell petrol filling station.
Drawing number CDX8609/P/02 is a site location plan showing the boundary of the study area of the Project A planning application around the junction of the A50(T) and A522 Uttoxeter Road.
In December 2013, the Government announced a major infrastructure investment to upgrade the A50(T) Growth Corridor around Uttoxeter to support economic growth in the area and to
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 19
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
alleviate traffic delays and congestion and increase safety. Two separate projects (Projects A & B) were identified as a requirement to achieve the desires of the Project. Both projects would be delivered by Staffordshire County Council on behalf of the Department for Transport, with the A50(T) road being managed by the Government’s Highways Agency.
The A50(T) Growth Corridor is a Highways Agency scheme aimed at easing congestion, reducing traffic delays and improving safety, and supporting economic growth. The A50(T) is already supporting traffic flow to businesses such as JCB and Alton Towers and the investment is needed to support significant businesses and housing growth in East Staffordshire.
Planning applications have recently been granted consent for the following developments adjacent to the Project A proposals, both of which are for sites allocated for development in the East Staffordshire Local Plan:
a) A50(T)-Waterloo Farm – Erection of a detached factory building together with associated offices, delivery storage and despatch facilities and associated lorry, visitor parking, security gatehouse and sprinkler tanks, associated drainage, bunding and structural landscaping; JCB CAB Systems Ltd. (Planning Ref P/2013/01530).
b) Land West of Uttoxeter – Development of 50.7 Ha of land for up to 700 dwellings, 10Ha of employment use (Classes B1, B2, B8), a first school, a mixed use local centre incorporating retail, leisure, social, cultural, community and health facilities, green infrastructure, associated engineering works, access to New Road and Bramshall Road and associated internal access roads including demolition of Dutch barn and rear stable building; St. Modwen (Planning Ref P/2013/00882).
There are also other potential sites contained within the East Staffordshire Local Plan period up to 2031, which could include up to 1,800 new houses and up to 4,800 jobs.
JCB major expansion plans, which could create up 2,500 jobs and many more in the supply chain, and St. Modwen proposals for 700 houses and a business park development to the West of Uttoxeter would add significant additional levels of traffic to the existing A50(T)/ A522 junction.
Overall it is estimated that the costs of constructing both Projects A and B will be in the region of £40m to £50m, with costs depending on the final proposals. The A50(T) Growth Corridor is largely being funded by Government with contributions from local developers and businesses for Project A.
The investment in the A50(T) Growth Corridor around Uttoxeter aims, to:
Support the creation of around 8,000 jobs along the A50(T) corridor around Uttoxeter and the wider area;
Help ease congestion – around 37,000 vehicles use the A50(T) on a daily basis;
Support the development of 1,800 homes in and around Uttoxeter;
Boost the economy – it is estimated that for every £1 invested an economic return of £1.50 can be expected;
Improve road safety and reduce journey times.
The A50(T) Growth Corridor would be delivered through two separate projects around Uttoxeter but for the purpose of this ES and the associated planning application only Project A is relevant:
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 20
A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A
Environmental Statement
2.2.1
Project A would include the construction of a completely new junction to the west of Uttoxeter. This junction would provide local access to Uttoxeter, to the proposed housing and Business Park to the south of the A50(T), and to the existing and new JCB factories to the north of the A50(T). The proposed Project A highway junction improvement scheme is shown on drawing CDX8609/P/01.
This Project A proposals comprise the closure of the two existing sub-standard slip roads on the A50(T) that currently link to the A522, with their replacement by a grade separated junction in the same approximate location as the exiting slip roads on the northern side of the A50(T). The new junction comprises merge and diverge slip roads and two roundabouts either side of the A50(T), linked together by a new over-bridge in a dumbbell configuration. The A50(T) carriageway would be widened to accommodate slip roads to and from the new junction, which would effectively form a third lane on each side of the A50(T) carriageway. Landscaping including replacement tree planting and drainage attenuation ponds would be provided as part of the Project A proposals.
The section of the existing A522 between the new junction and this link road connection will be closed to traffic with the existing over-bridge demolished and removed, adjacent existing embankments will also be removed to the adjacent ground level. Similarly the existing roundabout on the A522 New Road that accommodates the westbound traffic on the A50(T) will also be closed and removed. The southern roundabout of the new junction would be connected by a single carriageway link road to another roundabout providing access to the proposed residential and business park development. This roundabout would also connect back with the A522 on a new alignment further away from the existing housing.
Staffordshire County Council has considered a number of options for the location and design of the Project A proposals. These are detailed on the following drawings and are summarised in a matrix in Table 2.1, which differentiates between each option and sets out their impacts, required mitigation and viability implications. It also includes comments on their respective implications for delivery of the proposed JCB expansion and St Modwen mixed use development. The options have been ranked with an explanation of why the preferred option has been chosen.
CDX8609/P/07 Layout Option A
CDX8609/P/08 Layout Option B
CDX8609/P/09 Layout Option C
CDX8609/P/10 Layout Option D
CDX8609/P/11 Layout Option E
A planning application is expected to be submitted in May 2014 for Project A and a condition of government investment is that work must start no later than 2015/16. As the planning authority, Staffordshire County Council is likely to consider the application in October 2014. Work on Project A would be expected to start by early 2015, subject to the necessary statutory procedures being completed.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 21
A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
Table 2.1. Project options Matrix Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Description of At grade roundabout with Grade separated dumb bell Elongated grade separated Grade separated junction Grade separated junction Option additional link road and junction with new junction utilising existing with elevated roundabout with A50(T) flyover and roundabout to serve roundabouts utilising existing over bridge & A522 and additional link road additional link road and southern development over bridge with additional roundabout with additional and roundabout to serve roundabout to serve link road and roundabout to link road to serve southern southern development. southern development. serve southern development. development. Impacts of Does not deal with Encourages traffic to use Encourages traffic to use Land take issues. Scheme not future growth Scheme projected traffic levels; A522 into Uttoxeter with A522 Junctions from Town Encourages traffic to use proof. delays on A50(T) and impact on residents and Centre with impact on A522 from Town Centre. May encourage traffic to side roads. safety issues. residents and safety issues. Capacity issues not use A522 from Town Does not help A522 Scheme not upgrade proof. Junctions are isolated addressed. Centre. movements. Existing Existing network of side A522 through routes. Scheme not future growth Severe delays during network not improved. roads not improved. Existing A522 corridor not proof. construction for A50(T) Scheme not upgrade Does not deal fully with improved. Cost prohibitive traffic and side roads. proof. projected traffic levels. Scheme not future growth (construction, Cost prohibitive T junction access onto Visual impact on adjacent proof. maintenance and (construction, temporary A522 not desirable. housing severe. Existing side road network temporary works). works & maintenance)/ Design of southern Potential for severe air quality not improved. Design of southern Land acquisition issues development affected implications on nearby Potential for severe air development affected needed to temporary considerably and could housing, also noise quality implications on considerably and could divert A50(T). lead to A522 traffic being implication with new nearby housing, also noise lead to A522 traffic being Design of southern diverted through housing. carriageway closer and implication with new diverted through housing. development effected Potential for severe air higher than existing. carriageway closer and T junction access onto considerably and could quality implications on higher than existing. A522 not desirable (safety lead to A522 traffic being nearby housing as a implication). diverted through housing. result of queuing traffic. T junction access onto A522 not desirable. Required Severe tree loss around Severe tree loss around The Severe tree loss around The Severe tree and Extensive ecology issues Mitigation The Parks would need Parks and adjacent housing Parks would need replacing grassland habitat loss with temporary diversion replacing as would area to south and to the north as would established water adjacent to A50(T) on of A50(T) during established water body Stream course would require body north and south construction phase, all of
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 22
A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
habitat. diversion with associated Severe tree and grassland Extensive ecology issues which would require Additional land would be effect on flora and fauna. habitat loss adjacent to with temporary diversion replacing. required specifically for Additional land would be A50(T) on north and south. of A50(T) during tree replacement. required specifically for tree construction phase, all of replacement. which would require replacing. Viability of Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Low Scheme Severe traffic congestion Route onto A50(T) Negative cost benefit Negative cost benefit and delays on A50(T) westbound from A522 when considering when considering predicted traffic flows. unsatisfactory. temporary works costs. temporary works costs.
Costs of £20 M £25 M £32 M £43 M £48 M Scheme Cost prohibitive (construction, temporary works & maintenance)/ Land acquisition issues needed to temporary divert A50(T). Impact on Would benefit JCB Little direct benefit to JCB No benefit to southern May not fit in with Would benefit JCB. adjacent development. Does not development. development and could limit southern development May not fit in with developments fully fit with design for Access for southern future expansion. design. southern development southern development. development from A50(T) Limited benefit to JCB. Would benefit JCB. design. Further works required to tortuous. Further works required to Further works required to Further works required to facilitate developments. Further works required to facilitate developments. facilitate developments. facilitate developments. Severe traffic delays and facilitate developments. Severe land loss from congestion would make southern development junction unattractive to albeit on a temporary developments. basis, but could affect programme of works.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 23
A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
In February/March 2014 an extensive public consultation exercise was carried out to obtain the views of interested persons, businesses and organisations on the major regeneration initiative of the A50(T) Growth Corridor – Project A proposals, in the following format:
a) Letters offering individual consultations were distributed to all residential and business properties which could be physically affected by the proposals and land required. All these offers were taken up and individual meetings were held with all the owners, lessees and occupiers within the Order Land area. At these meetings the implication of the proposals and the potential effect on the individual properties was explained, and the compulsory purchase process and compensation issues were explained. It was confirmed at each meeting that the Acquiring Authority would prefer to negotiate for the land affected.
b) Invitations were also sent to the 100 largest businesses in the Uttoxeter area to attend a specific session at one of the two consultation events (see e) below).
c) Direct invitations to the public consultation events were sent to 750 properties in the residential areas closest to the proposals to attend either of the two consultation events.
d) Two consultation events were held at a venue in Uttoxeter on 25th February and 4th March 2014 and were attended by over 750 people.
e) Feedback forms were available at each of the consultation events and on a dedicated web site. Over 400 replies were received.
f) All of the above was supplemented by briefings for local/sub regional newspapers, local radio, regional TV and the highways/engineering professional media.
Overall there was a majority of support in favour of the Project A proposals with 64% considering “the new grade separated junction (Project A) was needed to support new business, job creation and housing developments near the A50(T) west of Uttoxeter.”
Over 80% of respondents considered that “traffic congestion was a problem along the A50(T) in Uttoxeter and action was needed in the interests of local businesses, visitors and residents.”
A further 62% saw the A50(T) Growth Corridor Projects as encouraging economic growth and job creation within Staffordshire.
Whilst the majority of the feedback regarding the principles of Project A was positive, there were responses regarding aspects of the design. As a direct result of these representations, the design of the proposals has been revised to take into account these concerns, thereby improving the Project A proposals to the benefit of the community of Uttoxeter as a whole. The revised proposal for the design is incorporated in the design detailed on Drawing number CDX8609/P/01.
Construction Materials
During the Project A construction works various materials would be necessary for the works. The works have been designed so as to minimise the production of waste materials and to use as few new construction materials as possible by reduction, reuse and recycling of any existing materials at the junction where practical. This is to minimise the quantity of materials needing to be disposed of off-site, any additional/excessive excavation of materials for earthworks, and to minimise the import of primary materials.
STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014 24
A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
The new A522 over-bridge substructure will be constructed as an earth reinforced retaining structure (abutments and wingwalls) using imported earthworks materials with concrete facia panels. The superstructure will feature reinforced concrete bank seats, with a composite steel beam and reinforced concrete deck. Parapets would be aluminium or steel construction to match the adjacent road restraint system with wire mesh infill panels to protect the A50(T) below.
It is estimated that approx.25,000 m3 of topsoil will be stripped from the site and in that event most will be returned to landscaped areas.
Earthwork embankments carrying the merge and diverge slip roads to the A50(T) will be constructed of Class 1 and 2 materials, material being sourced from onsite excavation where possible (removal of the existing embankments to the existing A522 over-bridge), however, imported materials will be required which will generally be locally sourced, (total volume of estimated imported materials to the embankments is between 120 – 150,000 m3).
It is anticipated that there will be no onsite borrow pits and therefore all this material will be imported/exported by lorry, approximately 5-6,000 lorry loads, and placed using standard earthworks construction plant. Although this activity might be concentrated during the Spring to Autumn period, it could be undertaken all year round depending on the type of material used.
Landscaping areas and bunds will be constructed using class 4 materials, all of which will be available from topsoil and subsoil strip required under the new embankment footprint. Excavated topsoil will also be used to topsoil all the new embankments and landscape areas.
The new carriageway will be constructed using a capping and sub-base layer, recycled crushed materials from the removal of the areas of existing carriageway to be removed and the existing demolished over-bridge will be utilised for this purpose. The remaining construction will be tarmacadam road construction material with either an SMA or HRA surfacing course.
The types of materials produced will generally comprise a mixture of aggregates, sands and gravels combined with petroleum binder. Bituminous materials must be transported in clean vehicles and should be covered over to maintain temperature during transit and whilst awaiting discharge. If not used on site bituminous waste materials will be disposed of at a licensed landfill site.
Water runoff from the carriageway will be controlled by the use of an in-situ concrete channel or precast concrete kerbing and gullies, depending on location.
Demand for bituminous materials used in road works will be greatest during the latter part of the construction period when a wide range of materials will be required for road base and surfacing applications. At this phase haul routes suitable for transport of materials to all areas of the site should be available. Potential noise and dust impacts on nearby property and other sensitive sites will be addressed when considering the location of any possible batching plants on site.
Site boundary fencing will generally be wooden post and four rails with stock proof netting where appropriate, there may be some brick walls as accommodation works but this will be subject to individual plot compulsory purchase/ land negotiations.
The road restraint system which will be required to the new embankments and roundabouts, will be either steel TCB/ OBB or concrete barriers depending on individual plot CPO/negotiations.
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Carriageway drainage will be via channels or gullies, pipework will generally be either clay plastic or concrete, with concrete manholes and catchpits, gully pots will be either concrete or plastic all ironwork will be steel or ductile iron etc. Signs posts steel with faces aluminium.
All signs posts will be steel with sprayed grey plastic finish. Sign faces will be constructed of aluminium with appropriate applied finish.
Column types will be galvanised steel throughout the Project A and the height will match the existing. Lighting levels will be designed in accordance with BSEN 13201 and BS 5459. Street lighting within the County adoptable roads (A522) will be subject to dimming when traffic volumes are low.
All white and yellow lines will be thermoplastic material extruded or/screed. Outfalls headwalls will be either concrete precast or in situ concrete with brick cladding.
Concrete will be required throughout the construction period and may be ordered to site from local concrete suppliers as needed. The main materials required in the production of concrete include cement coarse and fine aggregates, together with a supply of clean water. Cement on site will be contained in silos. Aggregates such as sands and gravels will be imported from quarries and transported to site or alternatively may be produced on site. Graded aggregates will be stored on site in clearly marked bins, which should be covered to control moisture content. Cement additives, curing compounds and all types of repair mortars and grouts subject to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations will be stored in a secure adequately bunded compound area to prevent spillage or loss. If not used on site, concrete waste material will be disposed of in an approved landfill facility. Concrete mixers will be thoroughly cleaned between loads and will be hosed out with fresh water prior to leaving the site. The contractor will be required to ensure concrete washout does not contaminate any existing watercourse.
Finally, on completion of Project A, areas of the works will have tree and shrub planting as appropriate. Further information relating to this activity is reported in Chapter 4 – Landscape and Visual Impacts.
2.6.2 Site Clearance
Wood/timber waste – It is not anticipated that old boundary fences generated by redundant boundary fencing will be reused, or vegetation from the clearance of existing semi-mature vegetation replanted. As a first step the amount of wood waste would be kept to a minimum by the retention of existing vegetation in-situ. Sustainable avenues for the reuse or recycling of timber (subject to chemical suitability) would include:
use of cord wood for timber recycling or energy recovery or firewood;
chipping of brash for timber trade recycling or biological recovery through composting; and
a small amount of timber would be retained for reuse on site as hibernacula in ecological mitigation.
Approximately 2.5 Ha of tree/vegetation to be removed and replaced as detailed on landscape drawings, various existing fencing and hedgerows are to be removed.
The existing A522 over-bridge is also to be demolished. The intention is to employ a mobile screening and crushing plant to enable concrete to be reused in the road construction. If reuse on site is not possible it will be sent off site for material recovery via a Waste and Resources Action Programme.
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Metals – it is unlikely that metal fittings removed as part of the site clearance would be reused in-situ, but all metal such as railings, signs, gantries, lamp columns, Armco barrier, parapet railings would be collected in designated scrap metal bins and recycled off-site.
Compounds and other enabling works would be addressed in a construction environmental management plan produced by the construction contractor.
2.6.3 Construction Programme & Phasing of Construction Works
An outline programme will be developed with the contractor through early contractor involvement, although a maximum time allocation of 52 weeks will be specified. Overall it would be for the construction contractor to prepare and implement the programme taking into account traffic management phasing plan, temporary diversions, site hours material delivery etc.
2.6.4 Construction Working Hours
This is considered too detailed for the application stage Environmental Impact Assessment and further discussions are to be undertaken with ESBC Environmental Health Officers and the contractor.
However, site working hours will generally vary depending on seasons and the weather conditions. Normal hours of work are expected to be Monday to Saturday 07.00 to 19.00 hours. Night time and Sunday work will require special permission under the Conditions of Contract.
In order to progress the scheme and comply with the various restrictions the need for night time and Sunday work will be necessary. Examples of this need would be working on existing roads outside peak hours to avoid causing additional traffic congestion; diversion of statutory utilities; working immediately adjacent to existing roads.
2.6.5 Operational Maintenance Requirements
On competition of construction works there will be a 12 month maintenance period on works and 5 years on planting and landscaping both these will be the responsibility of the appointed contractor. After this period the A50(T) will revert to the maintenance requirements of the Highways Agency and the maintenance schedules specified within the contract with Connect Roads.
All other roads will be adopted by the highways authority (Staffordshire County Council) and will fall under the maintenance and inspection regime which is implemented across the County.
During the operational phase of the Project A (A50(T) and A522) and its routine maintenance, waste materials would arise from several different sources including:
road sweepings and gully arisings;
metals from replacement signs;
green waste form landscape maintenance;
lanterns; and
traffic debris – including tyres.
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The potential impacts of these materials would be mitigated by appropriate management of the site to include regular street sweeping and collection of any motorway debris which would also be necessary to maintain safety standards of the highway to reduce the potential for future accidents. Any landscape maintenance or routine equipment maintenance will also employ the industry standards of reduction, reuse and recycling of waste prior to disposal.
2.6.6 Sewers and Drains
All outfalls for surface water runoff will outfall into existing ditches and streams which transfer to the River Tean. Balancing/attenuation ponds are to be provided as SUDS facilities and flows onto the flood plain will be regulated. Some regrading of the outfall ditches will be required. All piped connections to the ponds taking water runoff from the highways drainage will be through oil interceptors of an appropriate size.
Some new ditches will be required generally at the foot of embankments and to replace ditches affected by the earthworks, all these will discharge into the existing ditch outfalls to the river.
Diversions of some existing foul sewers are required but the diversion routes of these services will be agreed with the appropriate authority (Severn Trent) and constructed to their specifications.
Other statutory undertakers’ services will also be affected and diversions will be agreed as appropriate.
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This chapter was prepared by the Staffordshire County Council Connectivity Strategy Team. The Transport Assessment Report and a consideration of Footways and Public Rights of Way which were also prepared by Staffordshire County Council Connectivity Strategy Team are provided in Appendix C.
This section details the anticipated impact of the development on local traffic and transport. A discussion of the baseline environment at all relevant locations affected by the development is followed by a discussion of the anticipated impacts and mitigation measures. The discussion of impacts and mitigation covers both the construction and operational stages of the scheme.
3.2.1
The local highway network affected by the proposed scheme primarily comprises the A522 New Road and the B5030 Ashbourne Road. Staffordshire County Council is the local highway authority.
3.2.2
The A50(T) forms part of the Strategic Road Network. The Highways Agency is responsible for maintaining, operating and improving the Strategic Road Network in England on behalf of the Secretary of State for Transport. It is therefore committed to supporting Government objectives on sustainable transport and climate change, and recognises the need for closer integration of transport and land use planning as set out in the Department for Transport (DfT) Circular 02/2013.
Operationally, the A50(T) is a Design Build Finance and Operate concession awarded to Connect Roads on 1 July 1996 as part of the Government's Private Finance Initiative (PFI) through a shadow toll payment mechanism. The contract runs until 2026 with day to day maintenance carried out by Connect partner Balfour Beatty.
Both Connect Roads and Balfour Beatty have been actively engaged in the development of the A50(T) / A522 Uttoxeter junction improvement scheme.
Current AADT traffic flows are shown in Table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1. Strategic Road Network Current (2013) AADT flows Location AADT HA Count Site
A50(T) EB 18,000 TMU Site 7567/1 A50(T) WB 19,000 TMU Site 7568/1 A50(T) Two-way 37,000 Source : HA TRADS Annual 2013 data, A50(T) site between B5030 & A522 (Jan - Dec)
The policy framework that supports the need for the scheme to improve the A50(T) and its slip roads in the Uttoxeter area is set out in the sections below.
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3.3.1
Government White Papers
In July 1998 the Government published the Integrated Transport White Paper: A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone1. This White Paper marked an important strengthening of the transport aspects of the planning system. It contained proposals for new and revised planning policy guidance PPG13, which refers to land use and transport.
This White Paper was keen to promote developments that enabled transport choices to be widened. In particular this White Paper sought to increase the attraction of buses, and encourage priority being given to walking and cycling by providing more direct and convenient routes along with more crossing points of carriageway. Since this White Paper was introduced a further White Paper (The Future of Transport2) was published in 2004, which provided a strategy to reaffirm the commitment of the 1998 White Paper.
More recently, another White Paper Creating Growth, Cutting Carbon (2011) was released which outlines a vision for a transport system that is an engine for economic growth, and one which is greener and safer. The White Paper states that by improving transport links and targeting projects that promote green growth, a dynamic, low carbon economy can be created.
The Highways Agency and the Local Plan process: “A protocol for local authorities, developers and the Highways Agency”.
As a statutory consultee the HA have a duty to co-operate with local authorities to support the preparation and implementation of their development plan documents. The HA have prepared this protocol to set out how they will work with local planning authorities and developers to support the preparation of sound documents which enable the delivery of sustainable development.
The protocol is intended to be a companion document to Protocol for Dealing with Planning Applications, published in December 2012 and it should be read in conjunction with the National Planning Policy Framework. Both these documents are reviewed separately later in this chapter.
In relation to planning for infrastructure delivery this document states that:
“the HA will support the principle of the NPPF by encouraging and supporting co-ordinated working across boundaries and with other infrastructure providers to establish the strategic priorities for the network we (the HA) operate. In the first instance, local planning authorities should do what they can to minimise the need for changes to the strategic road network by taking opportunities to reduce the need to travel, especially by private car, and by maximising access to development sites by public transport. In many cases, it is likely that additional capacity to parts of the strategic road network will be identified as necessary to support the delivery of local plans. NPPF requires that there should be a reasonable prospect that planned infrastructure will be deliverable in a timely fashion. We will work with the relevant authorities to help develop sufficiently detailed policies and plans for the additional infrastructure and to ensure that these are reflected in planning for our network.”
The document stipulates that in planning and operating their network, the HA will take into account the likely impacts of future development on its operation and safety. The HA will use the information within adopted local plans to inform our plans to renew and improve the network.
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The Highways Agency and the Planning Application Process: A Protocol for Dealing with Planning Applications
This protocol has been produced by the HA to assist developers and their representatives in working alongside the HA when submitting planning applications for development which could have an impact on the strategic road network. It is also to assist Local Planning Authorities and Local Highway Authorities and the HA’s own planning teams in the review of planning proposals, to enable prompt and consistent responses.
The Highways Agency on behalf of the Secretary of State for Transport may give directions restricting the grant of planning permission by local planning authorities, where permission would adversely impact the current network or on the route of a proposed future strategic road.
Specifically the protocol states that:
“It is not our [the HAs] role to determine planning applications. We will always work with developers and local planning authorities to find ways to overcome our objections while fulfilling our responsibilities in respect of the network.”
In relation to scoping the protocol states that the methodology used within the scoping report should normally be consistent with the approach set out in DfT’s ‘Guidance on transport assessment’ unless the characteristics of the proposed development necessitate an alternative approach.
‘The Strategic Road Network and the Delivery of Sustainable Development’ DfT Circular 02/2013
This document sets out the way in which the HA will engage with communities and the development industry to deliver sustainable development and, thus, economic growth, whilst safeguarding the primary function and purpose of the strategic road network.
In reference to the strategic road network and economic growth the document states that:
‘Development proposals are likely to be acceptable if they can be accommodated within the existing capacity of a section (link or junction) of the strategic road network, or they do not increase demand for use of a section that is already operating at over-capacity levels, taking account of any travel plan, traffic management and/or capacity enhancement measures that may be agreed. However, development should only be prevented or refused on transport grounds where the residual cumulative impacts of development are severe. However, even where proposals would not result in capacity issues, the Highways Agency’s prime consideration will be the continued safe operation of its network.’
The HA will provide the local planning authority or other relevant consenting body with its assessment of the transport impact, as generally derived from a Transport Assessment or Transport Statement incorporating a Travel Plan as required in the National Planning Policy Framework, produced by the promoter of the development concerned in line with current Department for Transport guidance or on a basis otherwise agreed with the Highways Agency.
Where appropriate, planning conditions may be agreed to offset any unacceptable impacts that may be identified through the assessment process.
Highways Agency Route Based Strategy Draft Evidence Report (March 2014)
The Highways Agency 2014 Route Based Strategy for North and East Midlands identifies that the A50(T) at Uttoxeter has junction capacity issues that are having an impact on the main
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carriageway and that this section of the A50(T) also experiences a high proportion of heavy goods vehicles, partly due to the JCB site located at Uttoxeter.
Planning Policy Statement and Guidance: National Planning Policy Framework
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) came into force on 27th March 2012. It aims to make the planning system less complex and more accessible, and to promote sustainable growth. The NPPF replaces all the previous Planning Policy Statements (PPSs) and Planning Policy Guidance (PPGs) including PPG13 (Transport) and PPS3 (Residential).
The NPPF sets out the Government’s economic, environmental and social planning policies for England. Taken together, these policies articulate the Government’s vision of sustainable development, which should be interpreted and applied locally to meet local aspirations.
The NPPF introduces 12 core planning principles, in summary these suggest that planning should:
Be genuinely plan-led. This should include providing a practical framework within which decisions on planning applications can be made with a high degree of predictability and efficiency;
Be a creative exercise in finding ways to improve the places where people live;
Drive and support sustainable economic development;
Seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity;
Take account of the different roles and character of different areas;
Support the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and coastal change;
Contribute to conserving and enhancing the natural environment and reducing pollution;
Encourage the effective use of land by re-using land that has been previously developed;
Promote mixed use developments, and encourage multiple benefits from the use of land in urban and rural areas;
Conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance;
Actively manage patterns of growth to make the fullest possible use of public transport,
walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable; and
Take account of and support local strategies to improve health, social and cultural wellbeing.
Section 4 of the NPPF covers ‘Promoting sustainable transport’. Relevant elements of this section are summarised below.
Transport policies have an important role to play in facilitating sustainable development but also in contributing to wider sustainability and health objectives. The transport system needs
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to be balanced in favour of sustainable transport modes, giving people a real choice about how they travel. However, the Government recognises that different policies and measures will be required in different communities and opportunities to maximise sustainable transport solutions will vary from urban to rural areas.
The NPPF has retained the use of Transport Statements (TS) and TA, and states all developments that generate significant amounts of movement should be supported by a TS or TA.
Planning decisions should take account of whether:
The opportunities for sustainable transport modes have been taken up depending on the nature and location of the site, to reduce the need for major transport infrastructure;
Safe and suitable access to the site can be achieved for all people; and
Improvements can be undertaken within the transport network that cost effectively limits the significant impacts of the development. Development should only be prevented or refused on transport grounds where the residual cumulative impacts of development are severe.
This last point indicates that a refusal of planning permission on transport grounds will only be defendable if there are severe impacts arising from the development. The details submitted in support of the Planning Application will demonstrate that the impact of the development is not ‘severe’ and as such should not be prevented/refused on transport grounds.
The NPPF advises that developments should be located and designed where practical to:
Accommodate the efficient delivery of goods and supplies;
Give priority to pedestrian and cycle movements, and have access to high quality public transport facilities;
Create safe and secure layouts which minimise conflicts between traffic and cyclists or pedestrians, avoiding street clutter and where appropriate establishing home zones;
Incorporate facilities for charging plug-in and other ultra-low emission vehicles; and
Consider the needs of people with disabilities by all modes of transport.
Paragraph 7 of the NPPF states that there are economic, social, and environmental dimensions for sustainable development:
Economic – The scheme will facilitate economic growth by helping to bring forward the 10 ha B1/B2/B8 site on the Land West of Uttoxeter, included in planning application P/2013/00882. This should create some 40,000m2 of employment floor space and 1,000 jobs. Together with the 717 new jobs at the proposed JCB Cab Systems development, a total of some 1,700 jobs will indirectly be facilitated by the A522/A50(T) junction improvement scheme.
Social – The scheme will facilitate access to the supply of housing included in planning application P/2013/00882 and facilitate accessibility through new highways infrastructure to mitigate the impact of development traffic on the local and strategic highway network, also by providing sustainable transport options through the provision of a footpath/cycleway and links to bus stops and services on the A522.
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Environmental - The supporting documents submitted with the application demonstrate the proposal fulfils the environmental requirements alongside creating new habitats and replacement tree planting.
3.3.2
Current East Staffordshire Development Plan
The East Staffordshire Core Strategy forms the key part of the development plan covering East Staffordshire and was adopted on 20th July 2006. It provides the basis for determining all planning applications received by the authority. The Council subsequently received permission in 2009 from the Secretary of State to retain those policies that were still relevant, were in accordance with national, former regional and Staffordshire County Structure Plan saved policies and were locally specific.
In terms of employment land the plan states:
“Recent improvements to the A50(T) corridor, which form part of an important east-west link across the country, should assist in the promotion and development of employment land provision already made in Staffordshire and Derbyshire.” and “the Borough Council will ensure an adequate supply of land for employment development throughout the Plan period to:
meet the land provision requirement of the Structure Plan up to 2011;
meet local, national, and international demands for a range of development sites;
maximise the potential of the A38 and A50(T) transport corridors in suitable locations...”
For transport provision the Plan provides a series of wishes that are aimed at developers and the relevant transport providers and network operators:
The Borough Council wishes:
To provide the opportunity for all people living and working in the Borough, regardless of age or disability, to move freely around the area without having to depend on the private car;
To provide effective public transport for journeys within, and in and out of the Borough particularly to the centres of Burton and Uttoxeter;
To minimise, wherever possible, the detrimental effects of all forms of transport on the environment of the Borough, and to reduce the need to travel, especially by car;
To maximise the potential of the transportation network to serve employment generating development;
To promote strategies for increasing other modes of travel such as bus, rail, cycling and walking in preference to the private car;
To introduce a regime of demand management to control the level and pattern of traffic flow;
To continue to investigate the role traffic management can play in establishing clear priorities for access by different means of travel, to complement the locational policies in this Plan, and enhance the role of public transport within the Borough.
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Policy T1 states that ‘the Borough Council will not permit development where it would unacceptably harm the safety and efficient use of the highways network, or compromise the implementation of the Local Transport Plan Area Strategies’. The transport assessment submitted with the application demonstrates that the proposal can accommodate future traffic generation, giving consideration to committed developments and therefore would not have a material impact on the surrounding highway network. It is considered that the scheme complies with Policy T1.
Policy T2 of the Local Plan states that “planning permission will not be granted for a development which by reason of its traffic generation or otherwise would have a significant adverse effect on the safe and expeditious movement of long distance through traffic on the trunk road network”. The transport assessment demonstrates that the development would not have a negative impact on through traffic on the A50(T) and is therefore is therefore compliant with policy T2; the development is resultant in both safety and capacity gains on the A50(T).
Submission Draft “New” Local Plan
The submission draft of the new local plan has been subject to consultation which closed on 29 November 2013. Submission of the draft plan to DCLG for examination is expected in Spring 2014.
In terms of the A50(T) the plan comments on the operation of the A50(T) and the effect growth will have:
“The A50(T) also experiences high volumes of traffic and growth in both Burton upon Trent and Uttoxeter will add to this, The Highways Agency’s trunk road review will be essential to ensure that these important routes remain an effective way to travel around the Borough.
Uttoxeter also has an established employment base but is of a smaller scale. However, the town is strategically well located on the A50(T) and JCB is a major employer in the town with both their World Parts Centre and Heavy Products factory in the town and the company has their world headquarters seven miles north in Rocester.
Identified as a ‘Key Challenge’ for the Local Plan is managing the impact of growth on transport networks.”
The development meets the Strategic Objective(s) of the plan, particularly S03: Accessibility and Transport Infrastructure and will ‘ensure that new development will be supported by effective transport infrastructure’.
The design has ensured that the development proposals provide appropriate infrastructure measures to mitigate the adverse effects of development traffic and other environmental and safety impacts as required by Strategic Policy 35.
Submitted Stoke and Staffs LEP Strategic Economic Plan and the ‘Ask’
The Stoke and Staffs LEP has submitted an ambitious programme of economic development related schemes for funding through the new ‘Single Growth Fund’ in the Strategic Economic Plan. The LEP considers that connectivity and congestion is a key issue for productivity in their area:
“LEP Competitive Connectivity is underpinned by six priority objectives built around our goal of super-connectivity: Develop the growth triangle of M6/West Coast Main Line Spine, the A5/M6 Toll Enterprise Belt and A38/A50(T) Eastern Links connection.”
A number of our most important trunk roads, namely the A50(T), A50(T)0 and A38, often suffer congestion issues and this problem is only likely to be exacerbated with the significant
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amount of development planned in and around these major roads. This has been acknowledged by the Highways Agency, with future improvements to the A50(T) already being planned and delivered by Staffordshire County Council.
As for schemes promoted for funding the LEP, supported by the County Council has made the following ‘asks’ of government:
“Working with the HA to secure a pilot for ‘Smart Trunk Roads’ on the A50(T)/ A50(T)0. Highway Pinchpoint Schemes, including A50(T) Growth Corridor, Uttoxeter Staffordshire County Council will also be delivering the circa £40m HA Pinch Point Scheme on the A50(T) at Uttoxeter on behalf of the HA”.
Staffordshire LTP-3 and East Staffs LTP-3 delivery plan
The Staffordshire County Council Local Transport Plan 3 and the associated delivery plan for East Staffordshire refers to the need to manage the impact of development sites along the A50(T) at Uttoxeter. In addition, the County is noted as working with the Highways Agency to ensure that the highway infrastructure proposed by the Highways Agency for the A50(T) is put in place.
The delivery plan details the performance of the road network in Uttoxeter up to 2011/12:
“In Uttoxeter, higher levels of delay and unreliability in 2011/12 were experienced during the PM peak. The least reliable route overall was the A518 Derby Road travelling outbound during the PM peak (42%). The B5030 Ashbourne Road travelling in both directions and the Derby Road inbound experienced reliability of 33/34% during the PM peak. The Ashbourne Road from 1715-1730 showed the highest levels of delay at 186% or an absolute delay of 2 minutes. This is a short route and meant that the overall route travel time was 3 times longer during the PM peak than in free flow conditions. During the AM peak the Ashbourne Road travelling inbound experiences the highest levels of delay (112% from 0830 to 0845) and the worst reliability (29%). These traffic issues are likely to be related to difficulties accessing the A50(T).”
The plan references the high level of growth in employment land likely to occur in Uttoxeter as follows:
“10 hectares is located at Land West of Uttoxeter, adjacent to the A50(T) and a further 10 hectares continues to be allocated at Derby Road in Uttoxeter. These sites will be developed over the plan period for a variety of employment uses, in particular B1 and B8.”
Stated aims of the delivery plan are to:
Accommodate sustainable development on local roads in Uttoxeter and at junctions with the A50(T);
Improve the operation and safety of the A50(T) around Uttoxeter to support local growth, jobs and housing;
Deliver the access and service requirements for developments proposed in the Pre- Submission Local Plan and emerging development east of Doveway and at the former JCB works in the town centre;
Increase connectivity to local jobs at JCB and Alton Towers Resort through the delivery of the A50(T) to Alton Growth Corridor transport improvements;
Potentially introduce a Smarter Running scheme on the A50(T) including the installation of vehicle detection and information on speeds and congestion problems.
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3.3.3
National and Local policy considerations indicate that the need to facilitate economic and social growth is key to future economic prosperity, both nationally and locally. The effect of congestion due to less than satisfactory road network performance is a clear barrier to improved economic performance and social improvement. The A50(T) improvement scheme at Uttoxeter will provide appropriate links to the strategic road network to facilitate this growth ambition.
The TA of the A50(T) Project A considers the traffic impact of the proposal on the following key highway network, as specified in the study area shown in Figure 3.1.
1. A50(T) Strategic Road Network (SRN), including junction slip roads;
2. A522 New Road;
3. A50(T)/B5030 Ashbourne Road roundabout; and
4. A522 New Road/B5030 Ashbourne Road and A522 Cheadle Road roundabout.
The assessment of the A50(T) SRN performance has been assessed using the A50(T) Uttoxeter VISSIM model. The VISSIM model covers the A50(T) corridor from the A522 junction to the A518 Derby road junction to the east of Uttoxeter. The model is calibrated to 2012 network conditions.
The A50(T) VISSIM model structure has been modified to reflect the A50(T) Project A scheme. This model has been developed as part of the Highway Agency Super Pinch Point scheme assessment using the Base Year 2012.
The baseline information used for the transport assessment comprises traffic count data. This is detailed below:
AM Peak Hour – (08:00 - 09:00) all motor vehicle classified turning counts.
PM Peak Hour – (17:00 – 18:00) all motor vehicle classified turning counts.
Twelve hour – (07:00 – 19:00) pedestrian and cycle counts on A522 New Road to be carried on 15th May 2014.
A requirement of a TA is to consider the impact of the proposal at the Opening Year and demonstrate the potential impacts within a representative Future Year, 10-15 years post scheme opening. In reference to this requirement, the results presented within this TA considers the following scenarios;
Opening Year 2015; and
Future Year 2030.
In both instances a model has been developed representing the Do-Minimum (DM) network and Do-Something (DS) scheme network.
The scenario assessment includes the consideration of the following items, which are described in further detail below;
Committed Developments;
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Committed Infrastructure; and
Background Traffic Growth;
3.4.1
In order to establish a representation of the potential future year operating conditions of the highway network with the study area, it is necessary to consider any additional committed development which may come forward prior to the assessment years 2015 & 2030. In the context of the A50(T) Project A assessment the following developments have been incorporated into the demand forecasting;
Carters Square Development – Mixed-use Development including an Asda unit with a gross floor area of 2,880sqm, a non-food retail unit with a gross floor area of 2,258sqm and a Primary Care Trust Doctors surgery. (Planning ref: PA/2012/00771)
Land West of Uttoxeter – Mixed-use Development including employment use with a gross floor area of 25,00sqm, 700 residential units, a First school and a Local Centre providing community and retail facilities. (Planning ref: P/2013/00882) and;
JCB Manufacturing Unit, Waterloo Park – Proposed 32,000sqm B2 manufacturing unit. The building is to be occupied by JCB and will accompany their existing World Parts Centre and Heavy Products Unit at the site. (Planning ref: NTT2298).
Based on the development programme outlined within the Local Plan and the assessment years of 2015 & 2030, the committed developments have been incorporated into the assessment as follows;
Carters Square Development – Pre 2015 development, which is included in the Local Plan and therefore is included in the National Planning forecasts within the planning database TEMPRO. Development is included in the 2015 & 2030 assessments.
Land West of Uttoxeter – Post 2015 development, programmed for completion by the 2018. Development is included within the Local Plan and consequentially the TEMPRO database. The development is included in the 2030 assessment only.
JCB Manufacturing Unit, Waterloo Park – Phased development including a partial completion phase in 2015 with full completion in 2018. This development is considered as outside of the current Local Plan and is therefore deemed as additional to the national planning forecast. The 2030 assessment contains the full development trips, whereas the 2015 assessment only considers the partial build-out of the development.
The developments which are considered as included within the National Planning forecast within TEMPRO have been included in the assessment, based on their potential trip volumes and distribution, as described within the relevant TA’s. The overall growth within the network has then been constrained back to the total level of growth according to the TEMPRO forecast for each assessment year 2015 & 2030. This process prevents the assessment consider excessive traffic growth.
In reference to the JCB Manufacturing Unit, this development is considered as additional to the National Planning forecasts. The associated trip volumes have been added to the background traffic growth, in accordance with the distribution specified within the TA. The JCB development generates both car and HGV trips. The vehicle class split has been retained within the TA modelling work, in order to accurately reflect the anticipated network conditions.
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Environmental Statement
3.4.2
The A50(T) Project A proposal TA contains no further committed infrastructure proposals beyond the access arrangements for the Land West of Uttoxeter development site on the A522.
It is proposed that this site is accessed by a signalised junction on the A522, which is included in the DM 2030 scenario. However, this junction cannot be retained in the A50(T) Project A design. It is assumed that the development site will be accessed from an arm of the southern roundabout of the proposed Project A.
3.4.3
The traffic growth within the study area has been calculated following the process specified within the DfT guidance, TAG Unit M4 Forecasting and Uncertainty, March 2014. (TAG- Transport Analysis Guidance).
The assessment process includes the application of a formal transport model; therefore the traffic growth is calculated by adjusting the TEMPRO forecasted growth by income and fuel price adjustment factors. The adjustment factors are given in the TAG Data Book.
3.4.4
It is envisaged that the scheme will be tendered (subject to planning approval) during late 2014 and it will not be until the tenders are returned that the contractor will be determined. It is recommended that the successful contractor will be required (by condition of the planning application) to submit a Construction Traffic Management Plan (CTMP) for SCC’s approval.
In terms of significant effects, the A50(T) Project A proposal generates a range of benefits for both strategic traffic travelling on the A50(T) and local traffic, key benefits include;
Removal of substandard slip roads; improving safety and resilience of the A50(T);
Increased operational capacity of the A50(T) through the provision of lane gain/lane drop facilities;
Increased operational capacity of the A50(T) junction for local traffic access and egress; and
Provision of a junction arrangement which is capable of sustaining the proposed development demand with minimal impact on the performance of the SRN e.g. JCB development.
The principal benefit of the scheme is the future proofing of the A50(T) intersection, enabling the structure to accommodate the development proposal without detrimentally impacting the performance of the A50(T) or the local highway network.
In conclusion, it is demonstrated through the TA that the A50(T) Project A highway scheme provides a significant benefit to the performance of the transport network within the study area and improves the resilience of the network as a whole, whilst providing additional operational capacity to support the local development proposals. It is considered that the development complies with relevant National and Local policy.
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
This chapter was prepared by URS. The Lighting Assessment and Tree Survey Report, prepared by Staffordshire County Council Connectivity Strategy Team and Tree Health Consulting Ltd respectively are provided in Appendix D.
4.1.1
This chapter is a landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA) for the A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A, comprising highways works at Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. The location of the site and viewpoint locations is illustrated on Figure D47069770.7.01 provided in Appendix D.
The purpose of the assessment is to define the existing or “baseline” landscape character and visual context of the site, assess the implications of the proposed development on landscape character and visual amenity through consideration of the nature of the receptor (sensitivity) and the nature of the predicted effect (magnitude of effect) and consider relevant mitigation.
Finally, the assessment aims to provide a summary of the significance of likely residual effects. (i.e. those impacts which cannot practicably be further reduced through mitigation). Terminology used in this LVIA is explained in Appendix Table D1.
4.1.2
This assessment is structured as follows:
outline explanation of the assessment methodology, with a more detailed methodology given in Appendix Table D2 to D3;
description of the existing landscape characteristics of the site and its context (the landscape “baseline”)
description of the existing visual characteristics of the site and its context (the visual “baseline”)
analysis of potential landscape effects arising from the development and their significance;
analysis of potential visual effects arising from the development and their significance; and
final statement of likely significant landscape and visual effects.
4.1.3
The development comprises highway improvements and construction to the A50(T) corridor and existing junction of the A50(T) and A522 to the west of Uttoxeter.
For the purposes of this LVIA the key aspects of the development proposals relevant to the LVIA may be described as:
improvements to the junction of the A50(T) with the A522 by the construction of westbound and eastbound merge and diverge slip roads and two roundabouts north and south of the A50(T)
construction of a new highway being the realigned A522 running parallel to the A50(T) with the construction of a new roundabout;
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
improvement to the existing A50(T) by widening to a 3-lane dual carriageway within the existing highway corridor for the most part but entailing some development outside of the highway boundary where on/off slip roads are required;
some of the work takes place within the existing highway boundary but the new infrastructure associated with grade separated junctions and on/off slip roads will extend the footprint; and
landscape mitigation works.
4.1.4
Definition of the LVIA study area may either be determined by specific development type guidance, for example in the case of wind farms the Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) guidance identifies suggested radii for visual analysis based on the height of turbines, or determined by professional judgment based on the anticipated zone of theoretical visibility (ZTV) of the development.
The GLVIA3 suggest that the study area should cover the geographical area from which the development will potentially be visible and that the area should be proportionate to the development (p116 bullet point 3 in Summary advice on good practice). Similarly, the Highway Agency advice note IAN135/10, suggests that the study area will extend to the whole of the area from which the project will be visible.
In the case of the proposed highway works in the A50(T) Growth Corridor analysis suggests that the primary visibility would largely occur within 1.5km of the site as indicated on D47069770.7.01. For the purposes of this LVIA the study area has been defined, by a combination of ZTV analysis and professional judgement, as approximately 1.5km from the site.
The Site is largely within the highway influenced urban fringe of Uttoxeter and is not covered by any designations signifying landscape value or quality.
4.1.5
Potential landscape and visual effects resulting from the Project A proposals may be summarised as:
direct change in landscape character of the site during construction arising from removal of vegetation, and presence of heavy machinery required to construct the scheme;
indirect change in landscape character within the Study area during infill as a result of views of machinery, traffic movements and potential ancillary impacts such as lighting;
permanent change in the site following as a result of the creation of a new landform and land cover comprising grassland and tree/shrub planting as a permanent land use;
permanent change within the Study area arising from the new highway and associated infrastructure and their interaction with the wider landscape;
temporary change in views and visual amenity as a result of visibility of lorries, earthworks and landform modification within the site; and
permanent change in views and visual amenity as a result of the modified landform and land cover including tree/shrub planting.
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Environmental Statement
4.1.6
The landscape and visual effects of the Project A proposals have been assessed at the following stages of the development:
during the construction period anticipated to occur over a maximum period of 24 months;
at year 1 of opening; and
at 15 years, allowing time for the contribution of planting or other landscape mitigation to take effect and taking into account future planned development.
4.1.7
Baseline data has been gathered from a study of Ordnance Survey (OS) maps, aerial photographs, publicly available documents such as landscape character assessment documents from local authorities within the immediate area and national character mapping available from Natural England.
Potential representative viewpoints and photoviewpoint locations were identified and agreed with Staffordshire County Council prior to undertaking a site visit.
A site visit was undertaken by a chartered Landscape Architect on 25th February 2014 to provide valuable background knowledge on the existing character and record views from representative viewpoints.
4.1.8
No technical difficulties or practical problems were encountered in carrying out the landscape and visual assessment presented in this document although private land outside of the control of the applicant was not accessed.
The site visit was conducted during February and so a comparison of visibility or visual effects over four seasons or during a wide range of light and weather conditions was not possible. However, a winter survey is considered to represent the “worst case” or most visible survey period.
The full extent of vegetation clearance likely to occur as a result of the development was not available at the time of the LVIA and therefore assumptions have been made as stated at relevant points within the assessment.
4.1.9
The LVIA chapter should be read in conjunction with the following figures:
Figure D47069770.7.01: Site Context and ZTV
Figure D47069770.7.02: Landscape Character
Figure D47069770.7.03: Topography
Figure D47069770.7.04: Viewpoint 1, Watery Lane near Stramshall
Figure D47069770.7.05: Viewpoint 2, Pigeonhay Lane A50(T) Overbridge
Figure D47069770.7.06: Viewpoint 3, PigeonHay Lane
Figure D47069770.7.07: Viewpoint 4 Stocks Lane, Bramshall
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Environmental Statement
Figure D47069770.7.08: Viewpoint 5 PRoW UR 37, Stramshall
Figure D47069770.7.09: Viewpoint 6 A522 New Road, Uttoxeter
This LVIA has been based on the following guidance:
Highways Agency Interim Advice Note IAN 135/10 “Landscape and Visual Effects Assessment”;
Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, Third Edition. (2013) Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, referred to as GLVIA3 in this assessment; and
Landscape Character Assessment; Guidance for England and Scotland (2002).The Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage.
Photography incorporated into the figures accompanying the LVIA has been undertaken in accordance with guidance given in Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 “Photography and photomontage in landscape and visual impact assessment” unless stated otherwise.
These publications, supplemented by additional government guidance and topic papers, form the standard reference for undertaking highway related landscape character and visual assessment in the UK.
This assessment uses an IAN 135/10 “Simple Assessment” to determine the effects on landscape and townscape character as the existing A50(T) corridor within the Study area already has a major influence on the urban and rural character.
A Simple Assessment is considered appropriate due to the fact that the existing A50(T) corridor within the Study area already has a major influence on the urban and rural character and the proposed highway modifications are largely confined to the immediate context of the existing highway.
4.2.1
Following assessment of the baseline landscape and visual context of the development the LVIA assesses the:
sensitivity of receptors, whether the landscape or viewers;
magnitude of effect, whether adverse of beneficial; and
significance of the effects based on a comparison of sensitivity of receptor to magnitude of effect.
Effects may be temporary, permanent, short-term or long-term. Landscape and visual effects may be further categorised as being either direct i.e. originating from the Site, or indirect, e.g. off-site visual effect of construction traffic.
The flow chart of the process of assessment of significance is set out in Appendix D2 Figure 1 for landscape and Appendix D3 Figure 1 for visual assessment.
4.2.2
The methodology for landscape assessment used in this report is set out in Appendix D2 of this LVIA “Landscape Assessment Methodology”.
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Environmental Statement
In assessing the predicted effects on the landscape resulting from the proposed development, the following criteria are considered: landscape value, landscape quality, landscape character and landscape sensitivity.
Landscape effects of the proposed development upon landscape elements and features (or components) are considered, as well as direct or indirect effects on the general landscape character of the surrounding area. The sensitivity of the landscape to change is the degree to which a particular Landscape Character Area (LCA) or feature can accommodate changes or new features without unacceptable detrimental effects to its essential characteristics.
The magnitude of a predicted landscape effect relates to the size, extent or degree of change likely to be experienced as a result of the proposed development. The magnitude takes into account whether there is a direct effect resulting in the loss of landscape components, or a change beyond the land-take of the scheme that might have an effect on the character of the area, and whether the effect is permanent or temporary.
The relationship between the sensitivity of receptors and the magnitude of likely effects allows the relative significance of predicted effects to be defined. Appendix Table D2b provides a matrix used to describe this relationship, and so allow a relative level of significance of any predicted landscape effects to be categorised.
For the purposes of this LVIA effects of moderate or major significance are considered to be significant (para 3.34 GLVIA3). In accordance with GLVIA3 guidance Appendix Table D2c sets out descriptions for each of the significance categories. These are provided as an example to be supplemented by professional judgement and explanation.
4.2.3
The methodology for visual assessment used in this report is set out in Appendix Table D3 “Visual Assessment Methodology”.
An assessment of visual effects deals with the effects of change and development on the views available to people and their visual amenity (para 6.1 GLVIA3).
Individual receptors are identified through the baseline interpretation of mapping (Zone of Theoretical Visibility) and professional judgement. The process involves defining the scope of the assessment (study area/range of people and places affected), description of characteristics of the development, establishment of the visual baseline, identification of visual receptors and selection of assessment of viewpoints structured by receptor groups (e.g. residents, users of recreational spaces, business users and motorists).
4.3.1
The hierarchy of landscape character assessments is set out in Diagram 4.1.
At a national scale the scheme lies within National Character Area (NCA) 68: Needwood and South Derbyshire Claylands which encompasses the catchment of the upper part of the River Trent. The study area also encompasses NCA 64 Potteries and Churnet Valley.
The document “Planning for Landscape Change: Supplementary Planning Guidance to the Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Structure Plan, 1996 – 2011” Volume 3: Landscape Descriptions breaks NCA68 and NCA64 down into a series of landscape character types as indicated in Figure D47069770.7.02.
Within Derbyshire NCA 68 is similarly broken down into landscape character areas (LCAs) and landscape character types (LCTs) as set out in Figure D47069770.7.02.
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A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme
Environmental Statement
Topography of the study area is identified on Figure D47069770.7.03 “Topography”.
A summary of key characteristics of the published landscape character assessments relevant to the scheme is provided in Table 4.1. A full description of the key characteristics is available in the published descriptions, cited as references in this LVIA.
Diagram 4.1: LCA Hierarchy from Regional to Site Level within the Study area.
NCA 68: Needwood and South Derbyshire Claylands & NCA64 Potteries & Churnet Valley
Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent The Landscape Character Structure Plan SPG Volume 3: of Derbyshire Landscape Descriptions
Dissected Sandstone Uplands Trent Valley Washlands LCA. Settled Plateau Farmland (Riverside Meadows LCT) Slopes Riparian Alluvial Lowlands Urban Uttoxeter
Site Specific LCA
Table 4.1: Summary of Character from Published LCAs
NCAs Characteristics A predominantly pastoral and wooded landscape that is still largely rural and relatively tranquil. The general character of the area is one of rolling NCA 68: Needwood and South countryside, broadly divided by the wide, shallow valley of the River Dove, Derbyshire Claylands which also defines the Staffordshire and Derbyshire county boundary within the area (p7 NCA 68 profile). The NCA exhibits a strong contrast between the industrialised landscape of NCA64 Potteries & Churnet Valley the Potteries and the pastoral, strongly dissected hills and small plateaux that flank the Churnet and Dove valleys (p3 NCA 64 profile).
Staffordshire SPG Volume 3 Characteristics Flat valley landform and floodplain; river channel with meanders, shallows and marginal vegetation; canal; waterside tree species; drainage channels Riparian Alluvial Lowlands and ditches; hedgerow oaks; narrow lanes; poplar planting and small woodlands; red brick buildings; flood pasture and hedged fields; arable farming. Hedgerow oak and ash trees; broadleaved and conifer woodlands; irregular hedged field pattern; narrow lanes and hedge-banks; old villages and Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes hamlets; small streams and field ponds; manors and parkland; undulating, sloping landform.
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Environmental Statement
Small to medium scale field pattern of hedgerows with some introduction of stone walls; hedgerow trees; strongly undulating landform with small stream Dissected Sandstone Uplands valleys; low intensity pasture farming; a dispersed pattern of settlements linked by small sunken lanes; red brick and stone buildings.
The Landscape of Derbyshire Characteristics Flat floodplains containing meandering rivers and streams Seasonally waterlogged soils over alluvium. Permanent pasture. Localised patches of rushes in damp hollows. Scattered locally dense trees along watercourses; Trent Valley Washlands widespread alder and localised willow. Scattered trees along boundaries. LCA/Riverside Meadows LCT Regular shaped fields bounded by hawthorn hedges. Lanes alongside or crossing the floodplain. Active and disused railway lines with secondary woodland along embankments.
4.3.2
The Scheme lies predominantly within or adjacent to the existing highway corridor of the A50(T) dual carriageway which runs to the north/west of and forms the limit of urban development of Uttoxeter. The character of the A50(T) within the Study Area is divided broadly into two sections as set out below.
Between the B5030 Ashbourne Road overbridge and the A522/Shell Service station exit on the westbound carriageway the A50(T) enters a more enclosed corridor defined by well- established linear belts of mature highway planting which obstruct views of the urban area to the south and open agricultural land on the rising landform of the Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT to the north. Urban areas of Uttoxeter, including housing lie immediately to the south of the A50(T) corridor but the heavily vegetated highway boundary restricts their influence on the highway corridor and vice versa.
Between the A522/Shell Service Station exit on the westbound carriageway and the JCB World Parts Centre the A50(T) remains within a heavily vegetated corridor of mature vegetation which provides a high degree of enclosure and limits the influence of the highway on the wider landscape. This area corresponds to the Settled Plateaux Farmland Slopes LCT.
Physical Influences
The eastern section of the Study Area (adjacent to Project A) is influenced by the river valley which is open in nature and a flat landform bounded by higher land to the east. The highway is raised above the lower land of the valley floor and long views are obtained from it.
The middle and western sections of the Scheme corridor lie within the tight confines of the River Tean valley floor with rising land to both the north/south.
Land Cover
The eastern section of the A50(T) corridor is relatively open and dominated by the grassland within the floodplain of the River Dove. The middle and western sections of the Scheme corridor are bounded by mature trees and shrubs found within the highway boundary and in planting adjacent to it.
Influence of Human Activity
The Scheme corridor within the Study Area is bounded on both sides by mature vegetation which restricts linkage to the wider landscape. The A50(T) therefore exerts limited influence on the surrounding landscape due to its location within a narrow valley floor and limited views of vehicles due to mature vegetation. However both within the urban areas of Uttoxeter and in the open countryside in the vicinity of the A50(T) corridor the presence of the highway is apparent through noise and the glimpsed movement of HGVs.
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Environmental Statement
4.3.3
The Study area has no landscape designations relating to landscape quality or value.
The A50(T) is a detractor to landscape quality, albeit one which has a very localised influence both on the wider rural landscape and the urban areas of Uttoxeter. Hedgerows are largely intact and well managed and fields remain medium scale and well defined by vegetation and landform. The urban influence of Uttoxeter is limited by the wooded fringe of the A50(T) corridor and field boundaries/woodland to its western edge.
Characteristic landscape elements are present throughout the rural areas of the Study area, whether hedgerows and hedgerow trees on an unmodified natural landform on the higher ground and are assessed as being of medium landscape quality and good condition.
4.3.4
Overall the influence of the existing A50(T) on the landscape character of the Study area is localised.
Project A would largely occupy the existing highway corridor with the exception of the proposed grade separated junction and marge and diverge slips which would replace the A522/A50(T) slip roads and overbridge.
4.3.5
Landscape value is assessed both at the Project A corridor scale and for the wider landscape of the Study area as a whole taking the sites contribution into the overall character and value into account. Table 4.2 considers factors which determine the landscape value of the Scheme corridor. Table 4.3 considers factors which determine the landscape value of the Study area. Examples of landscape quality category descriptions are provided in Appendix D2 Table d.
Table 4.2: Factors in Determining Landscape Value of the Scheme Corridor.*
Factor The Site Value The landscape quality of the Scheme corridor is considered to be fair, reflecting the degree to which the highway corridor contains well established boundary hedgerows and mature tree belts which Fair Landscape Quality are in good condition and well managed. The constituent elements of the soft estate within the highway boundary also contribute to the wider landscape. The Scheme corridor is highway dominated and has limited Scenic Quality connection with the wider landscape. Low The Scheme corridor has no value in terms of rarity being man Rarity made and highway dominated with no retention of rare landscape None features. The site is unrepresentative of the wider landscape as described Representativeness above. Negligible There are no designated or notable areas of conservation interest Conservation Interests within the highway boundary. Negligible The site has no appreciable recreational value due to being on a Recreation value busy highway corridor with no or limited pedestrian access. Negligible The A50(T) dual carriageway was established in the 1990’s and is Perceptual Aspects now perceived as a long established highway corridor which Low effectively marks the urban boundary of Uttoxeter.
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Environmental Statement
No specific cultural or literary associations of land within the Associations Scheme Corridor have been identified. Negligible *Based on Box 5.1 p 84 GLVIA3
Table 4.3: Factors in Determining Landscape Value of the Study area.
Overall Factor The Study area Value The constituent LCTs and LCAs within the Study area are relatively intact and contain representative landscape elements which are in good condition. Urban and detracting elements have limited Good Landscape Quality influence and the combination of natural landforms with sympathetic land cover and apparent time depth in the landscape creates an overall perception of a medium quality landscape. The study area contains no areas which are designated on the basis of scenic quality. However as described under landscape Scenic Quality quality the landscape is well managed, of medium quality and Medium exhibits long established characteristics which contribute to scenic quality with few detractors. The landscape of the Study area is largely agricultural, covering Rarity wide areas and of low rarity. Low
Representativeness n/a Low Conservation value of the wider landscape is present but is not a Conservation Interests defining factor of the landscape. Medium The wider landscape is of medium recreational value, containing Recreation value numerous PRoW readily accessible both from the urban areas of Medium Uttoxeter and from the villages within the study area. No specific, relevant perceptual aspects which define landscape Perceptual Aspects character have been identified. n/a No specific relevant cultural or literary associations of land within Associations the study area which are of relevance to the Scheme have been n/a identified.
Overall, based on the factors contributing to landscape value, the highway dominated Scheme corridor is assessed as being of low landscape value although vegetation within it contributes to the wider landscape and limits the influence of the A50(T) on the Study area.
The Study area is assessed as being of overall medium landscape value given the absence of designated landscapes, good to fair quality, scenic and recreational value and the limited influence of landscape detractors.
4.4.1
A description of the proposed development is provided in paragraph 1.3 of this report. Paragraph 1.4 explains the process by which the study area was defined, based on a combination of the ZTV of the development proposals and professional judgement.
Further explanation of the definition of the ZTV is provided below.
The scope of the assessment is defined by the study area and range of people and places that may be affected. In the case of the A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme it has been determined by ZTV analysis and in-situ survey and may be described as encompassing the broad valley sides and dissected plateau of the River Tean.
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Environmental Statement
4.4.2
A Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) has been prepared for an object at 4m above the carriageway surface providing theoretical visibility of, for example a HGV lorry or earthmoving machine on the proposed highway within a “bare earth” model of the terrain. The ZTV has been generated by analysis of a 3D digital terrain model (DTM) of the surrounding terrain and the Scheme using the following parameters;
contours/terrain model based on OS Terrain 5 DTM dataset;
eye height of viewer set at 1.7m;
visibility assessed on a 25m grid throughout the study area.
The output provides a graphical representation of the computer calculated inter-visibility between a viewer (at 1.7m height) and the top of the landform/object 4m above it based on points distributed across the Scheme carriageway.
The output from the ZTV modelling is shown on Figure D47069770.7.01 along with the selected representative viewpoints chosen for the visual assessment.
4.4.3
Views from Houses/Residential Locations
Views from residential locations are obtained from properties immediately adjacent to the existing A50(T) highway within the urban area of Uttoxeter and isolated farmhouses and properties within the rural landscape. Site survey indicated that theoretical views from Stramshall and Bramshall, to the north and south of the A50(T) corridor are not actually experienced on at ground level although the highway may be visible from upper floors of properties. Residential viewpoints are therefore effectively limited to close proximity to the existing A50(T) corridor.
Views from Public Rights of Way
Numerous PRoW exist within the ZTV as indicated on Figure D47069770.7.01. However actual visibility of the existing A50(T) is generally confined to locations within 0.5km, from rising land on the valley sides. Significant vegetation within the highway boundary and adjacent to Project A, coupled with landform, are the principal determinants of views. Distant views are obtained from rising land within Derbyshire to the east of Project A.
Views from Roads
Project A is predominantly visible from the existing A50(T) corridor with only limited, partially screened views from the network of minor roads within the ZTV.
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Environmental Statement
Table 4.5: Viewpoints & Baseline Description of View
Ref Location Baseline View/Nature of Receptor 1 Watery Lane, near Elevated view from the Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT which stretches across the River Tean valley and encompasses the Scheme corridor Stramshall in the LHS of the view. The JCB World Parts Centre is a prominent landmark in the middle ground but the existing A50(T) corridor, also in the middle ground, is screened both by the shoulder of land in the LHS of the view and by intervening vegetation comprised of overlapping hedges and woodland. The A50(T) corridor has limited visual influence at this location although taller vehicles are visible to the RHS, beyond the boundaries of the Scheme.
2 Pigeonhay Lane The JCB World Parts Centre occupies the LHS of the view in the foreground which is otherwise dominated by the A50(T) corridor in the centre of A50(T) Overbridge the panorama and the agricultural land in the RHS of the view. Uttoxeter lies in the background of the view but is largely screened by intervening vegetation such that the visible elements consisting of church spire(s) and roofs against a wooded skyline are discernible but form a minor and recessive element of the view.
3 Pigeonhay Lane This viewpoint offers an elevated view over the Tean Valley looking north/north eastwards towards Stramshall and Uttoxeter. The view appears substantially rural comprising agricultural land in the foreground and overlapping hedgerows and woodland receding into the wooded ridgeline in the distance. The large, light coloured JCB World parts Centre in the middle ground of the view contrasts with the other elements of the landscape. The A50(T), occupying the valley floor in the middle ground is largely indiscernible.
4 Stocks Lane, This view from the edge of Bramshall village is taken looking towards Uttoxeter but is foreshortened by the mature hedges in the middle ground Bramshall on Stocks Lane and the B5027 Bramshall Road. The A50(T) corridor and Uttoxeter are within the width of the panorama but views of them are obstructed by intervening vegetation and landform.
5 PRoW UR 37 This view is taken from the PRoW which leads from Stramshall village southwards towards Uttoxeter and the A50(T) and is broadly representative Stramshall of upper floor views from Stramshall rather than ground level views from the edge of the village. The foreground of the view is dominated by agricultural land to the LHS and the PRoW in the centre. The tall hedge at the top of the cutting through the landform in which the PRoW is located, obstructs views westwards and focuses the view along the PRoW. Uttoxeter lies in the middle ground of the view but is largely screened by intervening vegetation and landform such that the visible elements consisting of roofs against a wooded skyline are discernible but form a minor and recessive element of the view to the LHS.
6 A522 New Road The foreground is dominated by the A522 highway road surface and footpaths. The wooded A522 roundabout, linking to the A50(T), obstructs long views and in conjunction with planting in the Shell service station land, effectively screens views of the A50(T) in the background.
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Environmental Statement
Other Views
Project A would be visible from the JCB World parts complex although this is not publicly accessible.
4.4.4
In total 6 viewpoints have been chosen to represent the typical range of views of the site from within the Study area as illustrated on Figures 47069770.7.3 to 47069770.7.9 and listed in Table 4.5 (refer to appendix D2c – D2i).
4.4.5
Screening/Obstructive Elements
Vegetation within the A50(T) highway boundary plays an important role in screening and limiting views of the highway. The A50(T) is located within low lying land across the Dove Valley and in the narrow valley bottom along the River Tean. The combination of landform and vegetation largely separates the A50(T) from external locations although there are glimpsed views and open views where roads cross over the carriageway. Residential properties within Uttoxeter, to the south of the A50(T) are typically separated from it by rear gardens which, in conjunction with planting in the highway boundary, create a substantial degree of screening such that from the highway corridor of the A50(T) through Uttoxeter is essentially wooded or passing through cutting.
Project A is likely to be most visible where new infrastructure extends the footprint, removes existing vegetation and introduces grade separated junctions.
4.4.6
The existing corridor of the A50(T) is well screened from external locations by woodland/hedgerows within the highway boundary and immediately adjacent to it such that open views are primarily from locations in close proximity such as overbridges or where other roads meet it.
The wider landscape is characteristically well wooded and contains medium scale fields with long established hedges, hedgerow trees and small woodlands which create an overlapping screen of vegetation which defines long views for many locations within the Study area.
4.5.1
Landscape receptors identified in the baseline assessment directly affected by the proposed development through vegetation removal and modification of the landform will include the Riparian Alluvial Lowlands LCT the Settled Plateaux Farmland Slopes LCT and, to a much lesser extent, the Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT.
Landscape receptors within the study area indirectly affected include the urban area of Uttoxeter and the Trent Valley Washlands LCA.
4.5.2
Based on the occurrence of direct effects and inter-visibility between the site and LCTs/LCAs the following receptors are susceptible to the specific change arising from the Scheme during construction.
Direct impacts and loss of characteristic elements will be limited and occur largely within the context of the existing A50(T) highway corridor. The influence of highway construction STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Environmental Statement
activity and visibility of earthmoving machinery/cranes and highway management will be incongruous in comparison with the baseline landscape of the Study area. Coupled with the limited influence of the Scheme corridor on the study area (due to its containment) the Study area is assessed as being of maximum medium susceptibility to this development proposal at the construction stage.
4.5.3
The sensitivity of the landscape receptors is based on a combination of the landscape receptor susceptibility to the specific change arising from the development proposals and the value of affected landscapes. (Refer to Appendix D2 Figure 1 and tables b to d).
At a national level NCA64 and NCA68 (within which the site lies) are of negligible susceptibility to the Scheme given the presence of the existing A50(T) highway corridor. In addition to medium landscape value and the small extent of NCA68 which would be impacted by construction activities both NCAs are assessed as being of negligible sensitivity to the Scheme.
A regional level the medium landscape value of the study area coupled with the medium susceptibility to change arising from the specific development combine to produce the following landscape sensitivities for the study area;
areas outside of the footprint of the works and distant from it such as the Trent Valley Washlands LCA/Riverside Meadows LCT and the Riparian Alluvial Lowlands LCT would experience no direct effects and reflecting the distance and absence of interconnectivity are assessed as being of negligible sensitivity to the Scheme during construction;
areas predominantly outside of the footprint of the works but in close proximity to it include urban Uttoxeter and are assessed as being of low sensitivity to effects on character arising from construction of the Scheme;
areas directly affected by construction and as a result experiencing loss of characteristic landscape elements and introduction of incongruous construction activity include, the Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes LCT and Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT and are assessed as being generally of medium sensitivity. However in the vicinity of the grade separated junction the JCB World parts Centre and A50(T) corridor currently influence the character of the Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes LCT such that it is assessed as being of low sensitivity to the Scheme.
4.5.4
Judgement of Size/Scale of Landscape Effect
At a NCA level the Scheme would have a neutral effect on NCA64 given distance, absence of direct impacts and the limited interconnectivity between the Scheme and the NCA. Similarly taking the size/scale of impact into account within the scale of the landscape resource within NCA68, NCA68 is assessed as being of negligible sensitivity.
Direct effects on the existing highway soft estate and in limited areas currently outside of the A50(T) corridor will occur. Areas around the new grade separated junction will directly impact small areas of the following LCTs/LCAs:
Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes LCT;
Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT;
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Environmental Statement
However, within the existing footprint the majority of the existing vegetation will be retained and loss of vegetation will be limited to and occur primarily on the urban fringe of Uttoxeter as a result of extending the footprint.
Indirect impacts on landscape character within the Study area will occur as a result of the visibility of machinery and construction activity. The changes would affect all of the site area but represent a negligible scale effect within the study area as a whole.
Judgement of Duration of Landscape Effect
The duration of effect during construction would be relatively short – an anticipated period of up to 9 months for infrastructure construction and up to a further 12 months to deliver the seeded and planted landform.
Judgement of Reversibility of Landscape Effect
Construction effects occurring purely within that stage of the Scheme will centre on temporary visibility of machinery/traffic management measures and demolition/construction activity which are entirely reversible, ending with the removal of the sources indicated.
Overall, taking the scale of effect, duration and reversibility into account the magnitude of effect relating to the study area is low within, the Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes LCT and Dissected Sandstone Uplands LCT, given the degree to which the Study area is separate from the wider landscape and the short duration of works.
For the Trent Valley Washlands LCA/Riverside Meadows LCT and the Riparian Alluvial Lowlands LCT effects are indirect and such that the magnitude of effect will be negligible.
4.5.5
The significance of landscape effects is derived from the combination of the landscape sensitivity with magnitude of effect. (Refer to Appendix D2 Figure 1 and tables b to c).
During construction the effects on landscape character would be adverse in nature reflecting the removal of established vegetation, the presence of incongruous machinery and construction operations and traffic movements which, in combination, will influence the tranquillity and character of the Study area.
Landscape effects will be greatest immediately adjacent to the existing A50(T) corridor.
Landscape effects within the wider Study area will be of minor adverse significance during construction given the limited extent, medium sensitivity and low magnitude of effect.
4.6.1
Project A would occur predominantly within the highway context of the existing A50(T) and be confined largely within the existing highway boundary. The Scheme would not introduce new or incongruous elements, other than locally around the grade separated junction, and the presence of increased highway infrastructure would be partially offset by the removal of existing infrastructure such as the A522 overbridge. The Scheme will not increase traffic volumes and will not therefore impact on landscape character as a result of increased traffic. Consequently the Study area is assessed as being of low overall landscape susceptibility to this specific development proposal.
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Environmental Statement
4.6.2
By Year 15 the Scheme will be integrated into the wider landscape within the study area, as far as practicable, as a result of the development of the landscape mitigation proposals illustrated Appendix D. At this stage the study area is assessed as having a negligible susceptibility to the Scheme, taking into account the mitigation proposals, which are designed to reintegrate it into the landscape through creation of appropriate land cover.
By year 15 of operation, characteristic landscape features such as grassland, tree/shrub planting and landform will be present and established as indicated on the landscape proposals. Similarly, planned built developments will envelope the grade separated junction to the south of the A50(T) such that the influence of the highway infrastructure will be reduced and the future baseline context is modified.
4.6.3
At a national level NCA64 and NCA68 (within which the site lies) are of negligible susceptibility to the Scheme given the presence of the existing A50(T) highway corridor. In addition to medium landscape value and the small extent of NCA68 which would be impacted by construction activities both NCAs are assessed as being of negligible sensitivity to the Scheme.
At a regional level within the Study area, the medium landscape value coupled with the low susceptibility to change arising from the specific development in Year 1, during which incongruous elements present during construction are no longer present, combine to produce low landscape sensitivity.
4.6.4
At a national level NCA64 and NCA68 (within which the site lies) are assessed as being of negligible susceptibility to change as a result of this development at Year 15, and based on maximum medium landscape value within the Study area are of negligible sensitivity to it.
At a regional level the medium landscape value coupled with the negligible susceptibility to change arising from the specific development at Year 15, by which time landscape mitigation embedded in the Scheme will have some mitigation value, combine to produce negligible landscape sensitivity within the Study area.
By Year 15 cumulative effects on landscape character arising from developments within the A50(T) Growth Corridor will increase urban influences around the proposed grade separated junction and reduce influences from the Scheme on the wider landscape although the cumulative effects will be greater and require assessment as part of the LVIA process for the ancillary developments.
4.6.5
Judgement of Size/Scale of Landscape Effect
At a NCA level the Scheme would have a neutral effect on NCA64 given distance, absence of direct impacts and the limited interconnectivity between the Scheme and the NCA. Similarly taking the size/scale of impact into account within the scale of the landscape resource within NCA68, this area is assessed as being of negligible sensitivity.
The changes would be most apparent at the grade separated junction. Effects within the Settled Plateau Farmland Slopes LCT would be of overall low magnitude but extend urban/highway influences into the LCT as a result of the presence of the junction.
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Environmental Statement
Elsewhere the changes within the highway corridor will be small scale and exert negligible magnitude of change on the Scheme corridor. Overall the magnitude of change to landscape character will be localised around the junction/highway modifications, partially balanced between adverse and beneficial effects along the Scheme as a whole and elsewhere represent a negligible scale effect within the study area in its entirety.
Judgement of Duration of Landscape Effect
The Scheme would be a permanent landscape element.
Judgement of Reversibility of Landscape Effect
Although it would be possible to reverse the construction and recreate the landscape of the existing Scheme corridor, which will be modified, this is highly unlikely and therefore Project A is regarded as being permanent.
Overall, taking the scale of effect, duration and reversibility into account the landscape effect within the Study area is assessed as being of maximum low magnitude given;
the degree to which the A50(T) corridor currently influences character,
the relative scale of the site and study area and the degree of landscape mitigation, including retention of existing vegetation within the Scheme Corridor.
The magnitude of adverse effects will be greatest around the grade separated junction as a result of the extension of the A50(T) corridor into the adjacent landscape. Conversely the greatest beneficial effects will occur with the removal of and scaling back of the existing highway infrastructure as a result of the removal of the roundabout on the A522 New Road.
4.6.6
Judgement of Size/Scale of Landscape Effect
At a NCA level the Scheme would have a neutral effect on NCA64 given distance, absence of direct impacts and the limited interconnectivity between the Scheme and the NCA. Similarly taking the size/scale of impact into account within the scale of the landscape resource within NCA68, NCA68 is assessed as being of negligible sensitivity.
The changes would affect all of the Scheme Corridor but represent a negligible scale effect within the Study area as a whole. By Year 15, characteristic landscape elements such as woodland and hedgerows incorporated within the landscape mitigation proposals would be establishing and provide mitigation through landscape integration. Similarly planned development within close proximity to the grade separated junction will in itself change landscape character and reduce effects from the Scheme in isolation on the adjacent landscape.
Judgement of Duration of Landscape Effect
The Scheme would be a permanent landscape element.
Judgement of Reversibility of Landscape Effect
Although it would be possible to recreate the landscape predating the Scheme, which will be locally lost or modified where the footprint of the A50(T) is extended, this is highly unlikely and Project A is therefore regarded as being permanent.
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Environmental Statement
Overall, taking the scale of effect, duration and reversibility into account the magnitude of effect relating to the site is assessed as being negligible for all LCAs and LCTs by Year 15 – the landscape features (grassland and tree/shrubs) forming the land cover will be similar to those present on the existing site and achieve a degree of landscape integration of the proposed infrastructure.
4.6.7
At Year 1 of Opening
At Year 1 of opening, landscape mitigation planting will be ineffective in integrating the Scheme into the wider landscape of the Study area. Landscape effects will be greatest in the vicinity of the new Junctions as a result of the increased highway infrastructure indirectly influencing the character and rural nature of the adjacent landscape. Conversely, areas of reduced influence of highway infrastructure will occur in the vicinity of the locations where existing roundabouts have been removed.
At Year 15 following Opening
By year 15 of operation landscape effects will be partially mitigated as a result of the maturing vegetation, forming the land cover within the Scheme Corridor, which is sympathetic to the landscape context. The influence of highway infrastructure on the landscape character of the Study area will be reduced as a result of mitigation and also the likelihood of a future baseline which includes greater built development in the vicinity of the key sources of landscape effects, such as the junctions.
Overall the significance of landscape effects at Year 15, taking the negligible sensitivity of the study area and negligible magnitude of effect into account, is assessed as being negligible.
4.6.8
Table 4.4 sets out the summary of landscape effects by reference to the site and study area
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Environmental Statement
Table 4.4: Summary of Landscape Effects within the Study area
Magnitude of Significance Magnitude of Significance Magnitude of Significance Potential of landscape Potential of landscape Potential of landscape Landscape Receptor Sensitivity of receptor effect effects effect effects effect effects
During Construction Operation Year 1 Operation +15 years
National NCA64: Potteries & Churnet Negligible/All Stages Neutral Neutral Neutral Character Valley Neutral Neutral Neutral
National NCA68 The Needwood & Negligible/All Stages Neutral Negligible Neutral Character South Derbyshire Claylands Negligible Neutral Negligible
Construction Low Low Minor Riparian Alluvial Lowlands Year 1 Low LCT Low Minor
Year 15 Negligible Low Negligible
Regional Construction Low Low Minor Landscape Settled Plateau Farmland Character Year 1 Low Slopes LCT Low Minor Staffordshire SPG Vol 3 Year 15 Negligible Low Negligible
Construction Medium Low Minor Dissected Sandstone Year 1 Medium Uplands LCT Negligible Minor
Year 15 Low Negligible Negligible
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Environmental Statement
Magnitude of Significance Magnitude of Significance Magnitude of Significance Potential of landscape Potential of landscape Potential of landscape Landscape Receptor Sensitivity of receptor effect effects effect effects effect effects
During Construction Operation Year 1 Operation +15 years
Regional Trent Valley Washlands Landscape LCA/Riverside Meadows Character: LCT All Stages Low Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible The Landscape of Derbyshire
Construction Low Medium Minor
Uttoxeter Urban Area Year 1 Negligible Low Negligible
Year 15 Negligible Low Negligible
Construction Low Medium Negligible Site level Landscape A50(T) Corridor Year 1 Negligible Negligible Neutral Character Year 15 Negligible Negligible Neutral
None of these likely effects within the study area are considered significant either during construction, Year 1 or Year 15 operation of the Scheme.
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Environmental Statement
4.7.1
Changes in views may give rise to adverse or beneficial visual effects through obstruction in views, alteration of the components of the view and through the opening up of new views by the removal of screening. For most locations the Scheme would result in limited changes to the nature of visual impact currently experienced from the ZTV and representative viewpoint locations. Potential visual impact from highway modification within the existing A50(T) corridor will be limited by retention of the substantial woody vegetation which is characteristic of the A50(T) for much of the Scheme length.
Where the footprint is extended beyond the existing A50(T) corridor potential exists for removal of existing woodland/screening and the introduction of highway infrastructure which will change the nature of views – principally this relates to the proposed grade separated junctions with on/off slip roads.
Potential visual effects are listed below:
temporary impacts arising from earthworks and construction activity, including machinery, traffic management and vehicles associated with the construction of the new highway elements;
visual effects arising from the Scheme corridor as a result of modification within the existing A50(T) corridor, for example increased proximity to receptors, loss of vegetation or visibility of new highway infrastructure such as signs or lighting;
visual effects from extension into land beyond the existing highway boundary of the A50(T) –principally this would relate to the grade separated junction with on/off slip roads which will extend visibility of the highway by removal of vegetation and increased infrastructure above existing ground levels and the creation of new landforms;
visual effects arising from the removal of the A522 overbridge will result in a locally reduced highway footprint and opportunities for establishment of planting on land not required for vehicle circulation.
The extent to which the Proposed Development would give rise to additional visual impact to that identified in the baseline visual assessment is considered in Table 4.6a in relation to the representative viewpoints.
4.7.2
Introduction
The street lighting will include the illumination of the proposed new roundabout, junctions and all interlinking carriageways. All existing roads within the Scheme boundary, which it is proposed to illuminate, are already illuminated.
Street lighting will be designed in accordance with BS5489, Codes of Practise for the Design of Road Lighting and BSEN 13201. It will illuminate both the carriageway and footway, to enable road users to aid identification of potential obstacles and each other after dark.
The street lighting on County adoptable roads will be subject to dimming when traffic volumes are lower.
The type of column will be galvanised steel throughout the scheme and the height of the columns will match existing and the lighting levels will be designed in accordance with BSEN 13201 and BS 5489.
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Environmental Statement
Mitigation
The impact of the street lighting has been minimised by ensuring the appropriate lighting levels are as outlined in BSEN 13201 and BS 5489 have been used. The existing street lighting will be assessed to ensure that light pollution levels are not significantly increased by the scheme and the overall lighting impact is minimised.
Conclusion
The street lighting scheme will not have any adverse impact on the immediate environment of the scheme greater than the baseline. Lighting columns will not be taller or more visually prominent than the existing columns and will be confined to locations where lighting is currently present. Consequently further assessment of lighting will not result in significant effects and has been scoped out of the assessment for representative viewpoints and the wider assessment on landscape character and visual amenity.
Potential visual effects of the proposed development in comparison with the baseline visual context are summarised in Tables 4.6A and 4.6B by reference to representative viewpoints.
Mitigation of landscape and visual effects is intrinsic within the development proposals which seek to substantially retain as much as possible of the existing well established vegetation within the highway corridor and incorporate planting such that the existing wooded character of the A50(T) corridor remains a primary characteristic which limits its influence on the wider landscape of the Study area.
The intended landscape mitigation elements are shown on the landscape proposals in Appendix D.
The landscape proposal for the A50 Growth Corridor Project A seeks to:
. Provide screening for the new grade separated junction
. Provide landscape connectivity with existing retained landscape features adjacent to the site
. Mitigate for landscape features that will be removed to accommodate the general civil engineering works
The new embankments formed by the grade separated junction will be planted with a mixture of native trees and shrubs. Additional outlying groups of native planting will extend along the A50(T) corridor to tie in to existing vegetation along the road boundaries.
New hedgerows will be planted along some road and field boundaries to provide further screening and enhance the landscape structure. The hedgerows will be native stock, with species indigenous to the area and will be augmented with planting of clear stemmed hedgerow trees.
Meadow grassland will be created to the south west of the pools in the grounds of the JCB World Parts Centre and in the newly graded area to the south of Anfied House Stables.
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Environmental Statement
Table 4.6a: Assessment of Visual Effects at Representative Viewpoints during Construction VIEWPOINT 1: Watery Lane, near Stramshall Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406649, 337039 140 Highway 1772 Figure D47069770-7.04 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
During Construction: Construction will introduce incongruous elements, such as cranes/machinery as distant elements into the view which is mostly rural in nature albeit with significant localised influence from the JCB World Parts Centre. The receptors at this location are predominantly highway users at the lower end of Low susceptibility to a highway Scheme and experiencing a medium value view with some elements of quality. Overall receptor sensitivity at this location is assessed as low. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: effects of construction activity would be confined to potential distant views of cranes and machinery required for the construction of the dumbbell roundabouts/Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge to the immediate east of the JCB World Parts Centre. Other aspects of the Scheme lie further east and would be screened by the intervening landform and vegetation present in the middle ground. The scale of change to the view would be negligible given Negligible the distance of the viewpoint, the limited visibility of the Scheme and the extensive screening to be retained. Cranes to construct the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge may be visible but would be seen against the backdrop of the distant hillside which forms the skyline.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect
During Construction: The low sensitivity of the receptor combined with the negligible magnitude of impact would result in an effect of negligible significance. Negligible
VIEWPOINT 2: Pigeonhay Lane A50(T) Overbridge. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406581, 335295 105 Highway 52 Figure D47069770-7.05 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
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Environmental Statement
During Construction: Construction will introduce incongruous elements, such as cranes/machinery into the view. The existing view is highway dominated and receptors at this location are themselves highway users of low susceptibility and at the lower end of the sensitivity scale to the Scheme given the degree to which Low the A50(T) currently influences the view. The view is not unattractive given the degree to which the landscape either side of the road is intact and contains mature features which contribute to it – however it is assessed as being a view of low value overall. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: The construction of the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge will temporarily introduce cranes/machinery and include some removal of vegetation in the background. Modifications to the verge/carriageway will occur in the middle ground and entail removal of boundary hedge vegetation. The scale Low of change to the constituent elements of the view, derived from the Scheme, will be low.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect
During Construction: Low sensitivity of the receptor combined with negligible magnitude of impact will result in an effect of minor significance. Minor
VIEWPOINT 3: Pigeonhay Lane Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
405340, 335059 150 Highway 1283 Figure D47069770-7.06 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
During Construction: Construction would potentially introduce incongruous elements (e.g. cranes, traffic management and construction vehicles) into the view which with the exception of the prominent presence of the JCB World Parts Centre is largely rural. This is a highway view, albeit from a quiet country lane likely to be used for recreational purposes by walkers/cyclists as well as an access by vehicle users on a route likely to be enjoyed as a view of medium value. Given the Medium location of the Scheme in the middle ground within a panorama in which the existing A50(T) is extremely well screened and the nature of the receptor, it is assessed that receptors at this location would be of maximum medium susceptibility to the proposed Scheme during construction. Overall taking the medium value of the view and medium susceptibility to the development into account, receptors at this location are assessed as being of medium sensitivity. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: The construction of the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge and carriageway modifications/slip road creation to the west of it will temporarily introduce cranes/machinery and include some removal of vegetation in the middle ground and include removal of boundary vegetation. The scale of change, derived from the Scheme, to the constituent elements of the view will be negligible. Other construction activity to the east of the Grade Separated Low Junction/A522 overbridge will be screened by intervening vegetation and landform to be retained. The limited extent and timescale of effect for receptors at this location coupled with the reversibility/removal of impact derived from construction would result in a low magnitude of visual effect during construction.
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Environmental Statement
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect During Construction: The combination of medium sensitivity of the receptor with the low magnitude of visual effect would result in an effect on visual amenity of Minor minor significance for receptors at this location.
VIEWPOINT 4: Stocks Lane, Bramshall. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406022, 334444 140 Residential 955 Figure D47069770-7.07 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
During Construction: This viewpoint is taken to be representative of ground level views from residential areas of Bramshall. The northern boundaries of the village are well defined by hedges along Stocks Lane such that, given the intervening vegetation, the Scheme would not change the existing view for receptors at ground level in Bramshall. Taking the likely specific change in the nature of the view into account receptors at this location are assessed as being of very low susceptibility Medium to the Scheme within a context of a medium value view. Overall the sensitivity of receptors at this location is assessed as medium, reflecting the residential context. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: The Scheme would be too distant, and screened by intervening vegetation to be retained, to change the nature of the view at ground level. Any change to upper floor views at Bramshall would be apparent as a result of temporary distant views of cranes/construction activity in a small section of the Negligible background of a wide panorama such that effects would be of negligible magnitude.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect During Construction: Medium sensitivity combined with a maximum potential negligible magnitude of effect, confined to upper floor views, would result in a change Negligible in visual amenity of negligible significance.
VIEWPOINT 5: PRoW UR 37 Stramshall. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
408011, 335632 105 Recreational/Residential 879 Figure D47069770-7.08 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
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Environmental Statement
During Construction: The users of this PRoW are likely to be engaged in accessing the countryside to enjoy the landscape. The open section of the panorama where hedges do not obstruct long views is also assessed as being representative of upper floor views from Stramshall. Overall receptors at this location are considered to be of low susceptibility to the development proposals considering the influence exerted by the existing A50(T), the degree of change within this Low specific view and the nature of the development proposals within the background of the view. In the context of a medium value view (an attractive panorama in an undesignated landscape) the overall sensitivity is assessed as being low. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: The degree of intervening screening afforded by landform and vegetation to be retained is such that any change in the view arising from the Negligible Scheme will be imperceptible, very small scale and with no change to the constituent elements of the view.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect During Construction: Low sensitivity coupled with negligible magnitude of change to the view during construction would result in an effect on visual amenity arising Negligible from the Scheme of negligible significance.
VIEWPOINT 6: A522 New Road. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
408116, 334529 95 Residential/Highway 0 Figure D47069770-7.09 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
During Construction: The existing view is highway dominated; both as a result of New Road in the foreground and the roundabout with slip roads and highway infrastructure such as lighting columns and traffic signs. However given the degree to which the existing view is highway related, in a context where the value of Low the view is low, the receptor is assessed as being of low susceptibility to the changes arising from the Scheme at this stage. Overall, taking the low value of the view and low susceptibility into account receptors are assessed as being of low sensitivity. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect During Construction: The fore and middle ground of the view will change as a result of the removal of the roundabout and creation of the proposed slip road to the Western grade separated junction adjacent to the JCB World Parts Centre. The proposed slip road alignment will pass through the existing woodland on the roundabout resulting in loss of vegetation. Construction activity will introduce traffic management, tree removal, vehicles and earthworks into the view. The existing High carriageway to in the background and middle ground of the view will be removed and construction activity to undertake this will be prominent throughout the view. During construction the temporary magnitude of change in the view will be high and present throughout the view but the most prominent elements will be of temporary duration.
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Environmental Statement
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect During Construction: The medium sensitivity of the receptor coupled with the high magnitude of effect will result in an effect during construction will temporarily, Moderate and for short duration, be of moderate significance.
Table 4.6b: Assessment of Visual Effects at Representative Viewpoints during Operation VIEWPOINT 1: Watery Lane, near Stramshall Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406649, 337039 140 Highway 1772 Figure D47069770-7.04 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
Year 1 of Operation: with the removal of temporary incongruous elements required for construction the constituent elements of the view will largely remain unchanged. From this receptor location the Scheme is a distant highway improvement in a distant highway context, if visible at all and receptors are of negligible Negligible susceptibility to change in a medium value view.
Year 15 of Operation: receptors at this location will remain of negligible sensitivity to the specific change arising from the Scheme. Negligible Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: the existing view includes a distant view of the A50(T) corridor and any visibility of the proposed Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge would be distant and partial, seen in the context of the JCB World parts Centre and not introduce new/incongruous elements to the panorama or remove existing Negligible valued elements important to the view. Any visibility of the Scheme would be confined to a distant localised/partial view of the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge seen to the LHS of the JCB World Parts Centre.
Year 15 of Operation: Mitigation planting would further integrate the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge into the panorama and reduce visual effects in comparison to Year 1 of operation. However some residual deterioration of the view would remain at Year 15 and potentially as a permanent effect. It is Negligible assumed that by Year 15 development P/2013/01530 Waterloo Farm: Factory Building will be built and visible in the RHS of the view and extend the influence of industrial/commercial development.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect
Year 1 of Operation: The negligible sensitivity of the receptor combined with the negligible magnitude of impact would result in a neutral effect on visual amenity. Neutral
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Environmental Statement
Year 15 of Operation: The negligible sensitivity of the receptor combined with the negligible magnitude of impact would result in a neutral effect on visual amenity. Neutral
VIEWPOINT 2: Pigeonhay Lane A50(T) Overbridge. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406581, 335295 105 Highway 52 Figure D47069770-7.05 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity Year 1 of Operation: The susceptibility of the receptors at this location to visual impacts arising from the Scheme will decline post construction given that the Scheme experienced at this location is a minor highway modification within a highway dominated context and incongruous elements present during construction Negligible will be removed. The value of the view is assessed a low given the highway context.
Year 15 of Operation: Receptor sensitivity at this location will remain as described for year 1. Negligible Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: The scale of change to the view will be negligible during year 1 of operation. The A522 Grade Separated Junction will be visible as a Negligible permanent distant element within a highway dominated panorama.
Year 15 of Operation: By Year 15 landscape mitigation planting will have decreased the change in the view compared with the baseline through integration of the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge and associated structures. In addition planned built development (P/2013/00882) will result in residential Negligible development within fields to the west of the existing built edge of Uttoxeter. However some residual adverse impact on visual amenity will remain as a result of the permanent additional visibility of infrastructure.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect
Year 1 of Operation: Negligible sensitivity of the receptor combined with negligible magnitude of impact will result in a neutral effect on visual amenity. Negligible
Year 15 of Operation: Negligible sensitivity of the receptor combined with negligible magnitude of impact will result in a neutral effect on visual amenity. Neutral
VIEWPOINT 3: Pigeonhay Lane Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
405340, 335059 150 Highway 1283 Figure D47069770-7.06 25/02/2014
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Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
Year 1 of Operation: In year 1 of operation the receptor group would remain of medium susceptibility to change in the view arising from the Scheme. Given the predominantly rural nature of the medium value view in which highway elements are present but represent a detracting influence, overall sensitivity is assessed Medium as being medium.
Year 15 of Operation: By year 15 of operation landscape mitigation embedded in the Scheme would integrate it into the landscape such that receptors at this location would be of low susceptibility to the residual changes in the medium value view and of low sensitivity overall. Planned development to the west of Low Uttoxeter (P/2013/00882) will be largely screened by intervening vegetation to be retained. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: Vehicles on and accessing the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge will potentially be visible in the middle ground but form a very small element in the view which, overall, would change very little. Additional visual impacts derived from visibility of new infrastructure and vehicles using the Low Scheme would be of low magnitude, albeit at a lower magnitude than during construction.
Year 15 of Operation: By year 15 proposed planting would replace vegetation lost as a result of the Scheme and reintegrate the Scheme into the view such that Negligible any residual impacts at this location would be small scale, permanent and of negligible magnitude.
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: The combination of medium sensitivity of the receptor with the low magnitude of visual effect, albeit reduced in comparison with the Minor construction period, would result in an effect on visual amenity of minor significance for receptors at this location.
Year 15 of Operation: By year 15 the maturing landscape mitigation embedded in the Scheme would further reduce sensitivity and magnitude of effect such that the combination of low sensitivity of the receptor with the low magnitude of visual effect would result in an effect on visual amenity of negligible significance for Negligible receptors at this location.
VIEWPOINT 4: Stocks Lane, Bramshall. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
406022, 334444 140 Residential 955 Figure D47069770-7.07 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
Year 1 of Operation: Comments as above but with decreased sensitivity with removal of temporary construction elements. Low
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Year 15 of Operation: Comments as above but with decreased sensitivity as mitigation planting matures. Low Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: No views would be experienced at ground level at this representative receptor. From upper floors it is assessed that any views would be confined to the Grade Separated Junction/A522 overbridge forming a distant element in a small section of the panorama such that the scale of change in the Negligible view would be of negligible magnitude. Year 15 of Operation: Comments as for Year 1. Negligible Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: As above. Negligible
Year 15 of Operation: As above. Negligible
VIEWPOINT 5: PRoW UR 37 Stramshall. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
408011, 335632 105 Recreational/Residential 879 Figure D47069770-7.08 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity Year 1 of Operation: The users of this PRoW are likely to be engaged in accessing the countryside to enjoy the landscape. The open section of the panorama where hedges do not obstruct long views is also assessed as being representative of upper floor views from Stramshall. Overall receptors at this location are considered to be of low susceptibility to the development proposals considering the influence exerted by the existing A50(T), the degree of change within this Low specific view and the nature of the development proposals within the background of the view. In the context of a medium value view (an attractive panorama in an undesignated landscape) the overall sensitivity is assessed as being low. Year 15 of Operation: As above Low
Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: The Scheme will have no effect on the view at this location and from the edge of Stramshall village. Neutral Year 15 of Operation: The Scheme will have no effect on the view at this location and from the edge of Stramshall village. Neutral
Significance of Visual Effect Significance of Visual Effect
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Year 1 of Operation: The Scheme would result in no perceptible change in the view and is therefore of neutral significance. Neutral
Year 15 of Operation: The Scheme would result in no perceptible change in the view and is therefore of neutral significance. Neutral
VIEWPOINT 6: A522 New Road. Grid Reference Elevation Receptor Type Approx. Distance from site (m) Photoviewpoint Date of Visit (m AOD) Plan
408116, 334529 95 Residential/Highway 0 Figure D47069770-7.09 25/02/2014
Susceptibility of Receptor to Specific Change/Value of View Sensitivity
Year 1 of Operation: The Scheme represents a rearrangement of the existing constituent highway elements into a different configuration rather than a fundamental change in the nature of the view, albeit there is some loss of vegetation in the middle ground. Receptors at this location are therefore assessed as Low being of low susceptibility to the specific change arising from the Scheme. Given the low susceptibility and low value of the view, overall sensitivity is assessed as low.
Year 15 of Operation: By Year 15 replacement planting will have matured to integrate the modified highway into the panorama and at this stage receptors at this location are therefore assessed as being of negligible susceptibility to the specific change arising from the Scheme. In the context of the low value of the view and Negligible degree to which mitigation planting will reinstate woodland loss, overall sensitivity is assessed as being negligible at this stage. Magnitude of Size/Scale, Duration & Reversibility of Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: The size/scale of change in the view will be limited given that the constituent elements will remain the same and areas of existing highway will be removed and form part of the landscape setting of the new carriageway. The degree of visual separation which is currently derived from the roundabout in the foreground will be lost, creating a long view along the proposed slip road. However, given the removal of other highway elements such as lighting columns Low across the panorama and the increased areas of landscape mitigation resulting from the removal of the roundabout, the magnitude of change in the view will be low and to some degree beneficial. Year 15 of Operation: Planting within the Scheme corridor will create a more wooded highway context in comparison with the baseline and as a minimum compensate for the localised removal of trees on the roundabout. Built development at P/2012/00932 will be visible by Year 15 but form a minor element of the Low view due to intervening vegetation on the LHS of the view to be retained. The magnitude of change in the view in comparison with the baseline will be low and include beneficial aspects such as reduction in highway infrastructure. Significance of Significance of Visual Effect Visual Effect Year 1 of Operation: The low sensitivity of the receptor coupled with the low magnitude of effect will result in an effect of negligible beneficial significance. Negligible (beneficial) Year 15 of Operation: The negligible sensitivity of the receptor coupled with the low magnitude of effect will result in an effect of negligible beneficial significance. Negligible (beneficial)
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A summary of the effects on visual amenity during construction, Year 1 and Year 15 is provided in Table 4.7 below.
The extent to which the Proposed Development would give rise to additional visual impact to that identified in the baseline visual assessment is considered in Table 4.6 in relation to the representative viewpoints.
Table 4.7: Summary of Significance of Visual Effects at Representative Viewpoints
Ref Location Significance of Effects Construction Year 1 Year 15 1 Watery Lane, near Stramshall Negligible Neutral Neutral
2 Pigeonhay Lane A50(T), Overbridge Minor Negligible Neutral
3 Pigeonhay Lane Minor Minor Negligible
4 Stocks Lane, Bramshall Negligible Negligible Negligible
5 PRoW UR 37 Stramshall Negligible Neutral Neutral
6 A522 New Road Moderate Negligible Negligible (beneficial) (beneficial)
The table indicates that for locations in close proximity to construction works associated with construction of the grade separated junctions effects on visual amenity will potentially be of moderate significance over the construction period.
During operation visual effects throughout the study area would not exceed minor significance and would include some beneficial effects derived from removal of the existing A522 overbridge.
The highway modifications incorporated into the Scheme are designed to facilitate growth within the A50(T) Uttoxeter growth corridor including the following possible future developments which are planning permissions yet to be implemented.
P/2013/01530 Waterloo Farm: Factory Building;
P/2013/00882: housing to the West of Uttoxeter;
P/2013/00206: housing at Penny Croft Lane;
OU/05254/018/JR/PO: Bamford Works-mixed use development.
It is anticipated that by Year 15 referred to in this assessment, these developments would result in greater landscape and visual effects than are identified from the highway improvements assessed in this LVIA and will be assessed by their own individual and cumulative LVIAs.
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In brief, Development P/2013/01530 would extend the footprint of industrial built development to the west of the JCB World Parts Centre, P/2013/00882 would extend the urban fabric of Uttoxeter into open countryside involving loss of vegetation and removal of agricultural land, whilst the remaining development fall into the category of infill development on the fringe of, or between, existing development.
Consequently the “future baseline” is likely to include a number of significant built developments by Year 15, which change the baseline, such that effects arising from the Scheme are assessed in the context of built development rather than open countryside. The practical implication of this is that the significance of effects arising from the A50(T) highway modifications would be reduced for both landscape and visual effects as a result of the presence of intervening built development.
Landscape effects of Project A fall within the range minor to neutral depending on the stage of the development. None of the likely effects within the study area are considered significant either during construction, Year 1 or Year 15 operation of the Scheme.
Although visual effects during construction would be of moderate significance at one location it is considered that these would not be significant effects given the anticipated short duration of the works.
For all other landscape and visual effects at all stages of the development landscape and visual effects are assessed as non-significant in the decision making process.
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Environmental Statement
This chapter was prepared by Staffordshire County Council Ecology Team. A Phase 1 Habitat Survey and the Confidential Badger Report undertaken by Apex Ecology are provided in Appendix E.
This ES chapter reports on the predicted effects of the proposed A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme Project A on the biodiversity resource of the area. The objective of this assessment is to identify the significance of effects on biodiversity assets likely to arise from the construction and operation of the A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme Project A, in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF).
The A50(T) Growth Corridor Scheme Project A is located in the urban fringe to the north of Uttoxeter. The immediate environment is dominated by the A50(T) and A522 and is predominately composed of agricultural fields separated by hedgerows. There is also extensive woodland planting associated with the A50(T) and a mix of habitats which are part of JCB landscaping. The River Tean to the north flows west to east towards its confluence with the River Dove, its meandering course taking it to approximately 100 metres from the of the project area at the closest point.
The project lies within the Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan Ecosystem Area Species Rich Farmland where conservation and enhancement of species-rich grassland is the priority along with maintaining and enhancing landscape connectivity.
5.2.1
This assessment was carried out in accordance with the guidance in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Detailed Assessment (DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 4, Ecology and Nature Conservation) and the Staffordshire County Council Checklist for Planning Application Validation. It takes into account:
The National Planning Policy Framework
The NPPF sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. In brief the policy states:
The planning system is expected to “contribute to protecting and enhancing our natural, built and historic environment; and, as part of this, help to improve biodiversity....”
“The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity where possible, contributing to the Government’s commitment to halt the overall decline in biodiversity, including by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures”;
“to minimise impacts on biodiversity and geodiversity through planning policies”; and
“when determining planning applications, local planning authorities should aim to conserve and enhance biodiversity.”
The East Staffordshire Borough Pre-submission Local Plan
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Strategic Objective 12: Countryside is to: To protect, conserve and enhance the local countryside, character, distinctiveness and quality of the landscape and the diversity of wildlife and habitats.
Various UK legislation and European Directives afford protection to wildlife, including the following of potential relevance:
Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended);
The EC Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) and EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) as translated into UK law by The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) (as amended);
The Protection of Badgers Act (1992); and
The Hedgerows Regulations (1997).
Species and Habitats of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation
In 2006, the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC Act, 2006) identified the requirement for each of the home countries to produce a list of species and habitats of principal importance for nature conservation, which every local authority has a ‘duty to conserve’. The list relevant to England was required under Section 41 of the Act. Further, in July 2012 the UK post-2010 Biodiversity Framework replaced the previous UK level Biodiversity Action Plan. As part of these developments for implementing biodiversity strategy across the UK, each country now has its own strategy. In England this is referenced through the England Biodiversity Strategy ‘Biodiversity 2020: a strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem Services’.
The Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan (SBAP) 3rd edition
The SBAP is based on an ecosystem approach and identifies 14 "Ecosystem Action Plans" (EAPs) and one Rivers Action Plan, the SBAP aims to prioritise conservation management at a landscape level and contribute to local, regional and national conservation targets. The A50 forms the boundary between the Species-rich Farmland Ecosystem Area to the north and the Central Farmland Ecosystem Area in the south. The Species-rich Farmland Ecosystem Area covers a wide area of predominantly rural land that includes both upland and lowland habitats. The underlying theme of this EAP is that where low intensity farming occurs, flower-rich grasslands and heaths are found, often as part of mosaics with other habitats. The primary habitat objectives within the area relevant to this project are the maintenance, restoration and expansion of Species-rich Grasslands and to increase connectivity of semi-natural habitats to create larger habitat complexes using priority habitats where-ever possible.
The Central Farmland is largely made up of settled or ancient clay farmlands where mixed arable and pastoral farming practices vary from low intensity, still retaining an intact ancient pattern of hedgerows and hedgerow trees, to intensively farmed arable and improved pasture where hedgerows are in decline. The eastern most part of the Central Farmlands where this project is found lies within the Needwood and South Derbyshire Claylands NCA and is largely made up of settled plateau farmland slopes which contain areas of ancient oak woodland, new woodland plantations and large fields. Much of this area is heavily influenced by rivers, tributaries and washlands. It has a high density of field ponds and has numerous small stream corridors along which broadleaved woodlands occur. The primary objective for the Central Farmland EAP is to reduce fragmentation of existing semi-natural habitats by linking sites through the creation of habitat corridors and networks using Hedgerows, Arable Field Margins and Rivers where possible. The SBAP looks for opportunities to create wetland, grassland and woodland habitat mosaics in order to diversify the area. Grasslands are particularly important.
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This assessment was carried out in accordance with the guidance in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Detailed Assessment (DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 4, Ecology and Nature Conservation) and the Staffordshire County Council Checklist for Planning Application Validation. It takes into account:
The National Planning Policy Framework
The East Staffordshire Borough Pre-submission Local Plan Strategic Policy 29 Biodiversity and Geodiversity
The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)
The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
The Hedgerow Regulations 1997
The Protection of Badgers Act 1992
The Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan (SBAP) 3rd edition
5.2.2
The Extended Phase 1 Survey area is shown in Appendix E2. The survey was carried out over the project area and an extended area to account for potential design-stage changes. A 50 metre buffer area was also surveyed. The Desk Study obtained records of statutory and non-statutory sites, protected species and species of principal importance within a 2 km radius of the scheme.
5.2.3
The following sources were consulted during desk study:
Staffordshire Ecological Record – the Local Records Centre for Staffordshire
Staffordshire Wildlife Trust for information on white-clawed crayfish
5.2.4
Apex Ecology was commissioned by Staffordshire Country Council to carry out ecology survey and assessment and to make recommendations for mitigation of impacts of the project on biodiversity. The following surveys have been carried out, supported by a records search that includes information obtained from the Local Records Centre Staffordshire Ecological Record:
a preliminary ecological appraisal (Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey) including scoping for the potential presence of protected species;
a hedgerow survey determining if any hedgerows qualify as important under the Hedgerow Regulations;
assessment of trees for potential for use by roosting bats; and
assessment of water-bodies lying within 250m of the site for their potential to support great crested newts Triturus cristatus.
Results of these surveys are reported in Appendix E1.
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The Extended Phase 1 Survey found that no statutory or non-statutory sites are affected by the Project. Appendix E1 and Appendix E2 show habitats in the area of the project. Section.5.3.1 describes impacts of the project on habitats recorded in the survey area. Habitats affected include plantation woodland, scrub, hedgerows, semi-improved grassland, poor semi-improved grassland, improved grassland, road verges, streams/ditches, mature trees and a species-rich mosaic of grassland, tall herb and swamp which qualifies as a habitat of principal importance (NERC Act 2006). Of the hedgerows affected a 98 m stretch is classified as important under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997.
Following completion of the surveys detailed above, it became apparent a range of other ecological surveys are required. These are in the process of being carried out and a survey for great crested newts has commenced. This will be completed by the end of May 2014 and a report submitted. Initial findings after three survey visits are that no great crested newts have been recorded in the surveyed ponds. Access has not been obtained for survey of one of the four ponds. Should access continue to be denied, the precautionary principle will be used and mitigation designed to avoid impacts on this European protected species. A reptile survey has commenced, focused on areas identified in the Extended Phase 1 Survey as having potential to support these species. This will be completed by the end of May 2014 and a report submitted. Further survey for use of trees by bats has been commissioned. Climbing surveys will be carried out by the end of May 2014. Should these surveys indicate definite or likely use of trees for roosting by bats, activity surveys will be carried out during June 2014.
Further botanical survey of the habitats at JCB World Parts, semi-improved grassland north of the A522 and stream S1 will be carried out in summer 2014 to inform detailed compensation habitat design.
A separate confidential report on the findings of a badger Meles meles survey also undertaken for Project A has been prepared by Apex Ecology.
Appendix E1 & 2 presents the Extended Phase 1 Ecology survey report and plan by Apex Ecology
Appendix E3, which is confidential, presents the Badger Survey by Apex Ecology
5.2.5
The assessment has been informed by CIEEM Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment and the relevant volumes and sections within the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), which provide guidance on identifying and determining the environmental sensitivity of environmental resources and receptors together with their value and a scale for the significance and magnitude of impacts.
5.3.1
Habitat impacts
Overall
Japanese knotweed is present within the construction area and Himalayan balsam along the River Tean, though this may be outside the working area. There is potential for these species to be spread on or off site during construction works.
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Grassland
Construction of the scheme will involve removal of small areas of species-poor improved and semi-improved grassland under agricultural use to both the north and south of the current A50 and A522. These are shown on Figure 1 – Location of habitats and features plan. Some fields affected (G13 and G15 Appendix E2) contain ridge and furrow but are agriculturally improved and species-poor. Road verge grasslands affected are mainly unmanaged and tussocky with scattered scrub and tall herb. There will be removal of about 0.3 hectares of moderately rich semi-improved grassland in G19 north of the A522. The most significant grassland removal will be at JCB World Parts where approximately one hectare of a species rich mosaic of semi-improved grassland, tall herb and swamp habitats will be destroyed. This habitat appears to have been partially created using a wildflower seed mix but has also developed naturally. There will therefore be a removal of approximately 1.3 hectares of Staffordshire BAP priority grassland habitat. Without mitigation or compensation this will be a permanent impact. Given the restricted extent of this habitat type and trends of decline in extent and quality this is of high significance at the Borough level and of medium significance at the County level.
Hedgerows:
Construction will involve removal of just under 2500 metres of hedgerow. The majority of these are not classified as important under the Hedgerow Regulations. Those close to the A50 are mainly species-poor but others are moderately species-rich and would classify as habitat of principal importance (NERC Act 2006, Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan) and form an element of the local ecological network providing foraging habitat for bats and breeding and foraging habitat for a variety of bird species as well as invertebrate habitat. One stretch of hedgerow to be lost, H23 (Appendix E2, Appendix E1), 98 metres in length, is classified as important under the Hedgerow Regulations. Where streams or ditches are present along hedgerows, such as H23, these add to overall diversity. The loss of 98 metres of important hedgerow is significant at the Borough and County levels due to the restricted extent of this habitat. Without mitigation or compensation this is a permanent impact.
Plantation woodland
Plantation woodland is associated with the A50 and A522 and mainly composed of densely planted young trees and shrubs with little ground flora or diversity of structure, though a few mature trees are present. Most of the current planting areas, will be lost, approximately 2.6 hectares. This habitat may be of local value for common bird species but value will be limited due to proximity to the road network and isolation of the main area from other habitat. Without mitigation or compensation this is a permanent impact. Apart from the mature trees this habitat type is of low overall value and relatively easily replaceable.
Watercourses
The River Tean is found to the north of the project area. The River Tean has been assessed by the Environment Agency to have moderate ecological quality and good chemical quality. This status is predicted to remain unchanged into the future. The River Dove, into which the River Tean flows a short distance downstream of the site, is identified as having bad ecological quality. Both the River Tean and the River Dove are considered to be at risk of deterioration in water quality. There will be no direct effect on the river but there is potential for indirect effect through impact on small tributary streams and ditches within or close to the construction area.
Potential impacts on the River Tean are both temporary construction period and operational phase water quality impacts due to pollution and sedimentation, changes in flow due to impacts on the local drainage system, and introduction of alien invasive species (Japanese
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knotweed, Himalayan balsam) mobilised into the drainage network through construction works. Chapter 7 Of the ES addresses water quality impacts.
Some of the streams/ditches support aquatic and tall-herb species which add to overall local biodiversity but no information is available on water quality. It is estimated that up to 1000 metres of ditch/small stream will be directly affected by construction. The proposed works necessitate the diversion of several ditches and small watercourses, modifications to existing culverts and the creation of new culverts. About 70 metres of a diverse wetland community will be affected along ditch S1 (Appendix E1 and Appendix E2). Elsewhere landscape ecological value will be diminished by loss of stream/ditch habitats. This is considered a temporary effect as the drainage network will be diverted and reinstated on new lines as part of construction works.
Species impacts
Bats
Records indicate that a number of bat species use the local landscape. No buildings will be affected by the proposed works but a number of mature trees that have potential to support bat roosts will be lost to construction. Some potential foraging habitat in the form of hedgerows, woodland, ditches and species rich grassland will be lost. Most of these habitats are within or close to a busy road corridor with lighting and therefore value and potential for use by bats is reduced. Loss of hedgerows to the south of the A50 is the most likely to impact on bat foraging. Tree survey for bat use will further inform impact assessment but current information indicates that, without mitigation, there would be a potential permanent moderate adverse effect on local bat populations. Surveys to assess use of the site by foraging and commuting bats are not proposed. This is because the proposals should not result in loss of significant areas of habitat or connectivity of the landscape as the work to be undertaken will be an upgrade to the existing road network, which already poses a significant barrier to movement.
Great crested newts
Four ponds with potential to support great crested newts are found within 250 metres of the scheme construction area. Survey is ongoing and due to be completed by the end of May 2014 with no great crested newts recorded in three of the ponds after three of four planned survey visits. It appears unlikely great crested newts are present in the surveyed ponds. This species could, however be present in the un-surveyed pond. If present, potential impacts on great crested newts are harm to individuals, a temporary loss of part of their terrestrial habitat and pollution of ponds in both construction and operational phases leading to both temporary and permanent adverse effects on this species.
Reptiles
The habitats on the JCB World Parts site provide a mosaic of habitats, including grassland, wetland, scrub, tall-herb and bare ground that may provide suitable sheltering and overwintering sites for some species of reptile such as common lizard Lacerta vivipara and slow worm Anguis fragilis. The site is surrounded by roads and intensively managed habitats such as amenity grassland as well as hard-standing, which would reduce the likelihood of reptiles colonising this area though records of amphibians in the pond indicate presence is possible. Common lizard have recently been recorded to the south of the site. For this reason, reptile surveys of this area are being carried out. Grass snake Natrix natrix may be making use of the network of ditches and streams on the site but the majority of the habitats on site, such as the agricultural grasslands and plantation woodland do not contain the small-scale mosaic of habitats characteristic of sites supporting populations of reptiles. Should reptiles be present there is risk of harm to individuals during construction and loss of foraging and hibernating habitat resulting in a permanent adverse effect of local significance. STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Breeding birds
The hedgerows, trees and plantations, as well as areas of bramble and tall-herb thicket will provide food and sheltering for species of birds, insects and other invertebrates. These habitats will be used by a number of species of bird as they provide nesting sites and food resources. Some of the species recorded during survey are listed under the UK and Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plans and are birds of conservation concern whose populations have declined significantly in recent years. Barn owls are known to be present in the local area and have been sighted foraging over the JCB World Parts Centre and the A50 on or close to the site. Areas of rough grassland, such as some of the undamaged road verges provide suitable foraging habitat and the mature trees with cavities and holes may provide suitable nesting sites for this species.
Bird surveys, such as breeding bird surveys and wintering bird surveys are not considered necessary and are not proposed to be undertaken. The records search and incidental records of birds made during the surveys carried out to date show that a wide range of birds use the local area and the species present in the habitats affected such as agricultural grassland, hedgerow and plantation are those to be expected to be typically present in such habitats. Assessment of the mature trees for use by barn owls for nesting and breeding will be undertaken as part of the further assessment for bats. The proposals should not result in loss of significant areas of habitat or connectivity of the landscape as the work to be undertaken will be an upgrade to the existing road network, which already poses a barrier to movement to some plants and animals as well as severing habitats. Without mitigation there would be potential for temporary direct effects on breeding birds.
White clawed crayfish
Consultation with Staffordshire Wildlife Trust indicates that this species is no longer present in the catchment due to presence of signal crayfish and crayfish plague. No direct impact on this species is predicted but works to streams and ditches will need to observe biosecurity measures to avoid risk of spreading crayfish plague off-site.
Badger
See Confidential Appendix E3.
Impacts of temporary land take for construction
The works will require one or more construction compounds to be in place to provide for materials and plant storage, site offices, facilities for site staff etc. Land will also be required for soil storage during works and for haul/access routes. These construction requirements will involve temporary land-take. Given that the main habitat type in the immediate area is improved grassland it is likely that this will be the habitat most affected by this temporary land- use.
5.3.2
Adverse impacts of the operational phase over and above those current are predicted to be relatively low. The main potential impact is pollution of water courses by highway run-off from new and configured road stretches. There is minor potential for increased barn owl collision risk due to the additional road lengths that will be in operation. There may be a permanent adverse impact on the local bat population south of the A50 due to introduction of lighting into a currently dark environment, increased by the cumulative effect of the Parks Farm development.
A positive impact is that the removal of a stretch of the A522 north of the A50 provides potential for increased ecological connectivity in line with Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan
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objectives by allowing enlargement of the grassland area currently isolated between the A50 and A522 and reconnection to the wider pastoral landscape.
Table 5.1. Summary of Impacts on Identified Receptors and the Significance Effect without Mitigation or Compensation
Receptor Value Potential Impact Significance Effect
High adverse at the local Overall High Spread of invasive species level, permanent without treatment. Species-rich Permanent high adverse at Construction phase loss of approximately one grassland/ High the Borough level, hectare at JCB World Parts swamp mosaic Moderate adverse at the Semi-improved Construction phase loss of approximately 0.3 County level. Medium grassland hectares north of the A522 Improved Loss Construction phase loss of several sections Permanent negligible Low grassland of improved fields adverse Permanent high adverse at Important the Borough level, High Construction phase loss of 98 metres hedgerow Moderate adverse at the County level. Non-important Permanent moderate Medium Construction phase loss of 2380 metres hedgerows adverse at the local level Plantation Construction phase loss of 2.6 hectares of Permanent moderate Low woodland planting associated with the A50(T) and A522 adverse at the local level Construction phase loss of approximately 1000 Temporary moderate metres of ditch/small stream; pollution, adverse at the local level Streams/ Medium sedimentation, introduction of invasive species. ditches Operational phase pollution from highway run- off. Impact on ecological status through construction Temporary and permanent phase pollution, sedimentation, introduction of high adverse River Tean High invasive species, hydrological changes. Operational phase pollution from highway run- off. Construction phase loss of tree roost sites and Permanent moderate Bats Medium foraging habitat. Operational phase impact on adverse at the local level foraging through new road lighting Temporary and permanent Great crested Construction phase harm to individual newts, Medium minor-moderate adverse at newts loss of terrestrial habitat, pollution of ponds the local level Construction phase harm to individuals, loss of Permanent minor-moderate Reptiles Medium terrestrial habitat, pollution adverse at the local level Construction phase impact on breeding birds Temporary minor-moderate Breeding birds Medium and loss of breeding and foraging habitat adverse at the local level Construction phase impact on breeding birds Temporary and permanent Barn owl High and loss of breeding and foraging habitat. moderate adverse effects Operational phase collision risk
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Receptor Value Potential Impact Significance Effect
White-clawed Off-site impacts due to poor biosecurity Temporary high adverse off High crayfish spreading crayfish plague site
5.4.1
Overall
In designing mitigation of impacts on biodiversity the mitigation hierarchy of Avoid:Minimise:Mitigate:Compensate:Enhance has been adopted. Where possible impacts have been avoided or minimised, elsewhere mitigation is proposed and where impacts are unavoidable compensation and, where possible, enhancement, has been included in the scheme. Construction works will be controlled by a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). This will include measures for habitat and species protection, for protection of the water environment during construction and for prevention of spread of invasive plant species. Compensation for habitats lost to construction will be included in the project landscape scheme see Appendix D9 and D10. A Landscape and Ecology Management Plan (LEMP) will be prepared to inform detailed habitat design, establishment and management of landscape areas.
Grassland
Overall approximately 1.3 hectares of species-rich grassland/swamp mosaic and semi- improved grassland will be lost to highway construction. Measures will be included in the CEMP to protect unaffected habitat from construction activities, through fencing, tool-box talks etc.
Compensation for loss of species-rich grassland and semi-improved grassland will be provided within the landscape scheme. This will include conversion of improved grassland G3 between the A50 and current A522 to species rich grassland while the stopping up and removal of a stretch of the A522 will provide an additional small area to extend this field. This area will also perform a floodplain compensation function; the twin uses are fully compatible as flooding of the area is predicted to be very occasional.
Species rich grassland will also be provided on restored areas at JCB World Parts. Road verges and areas around SuDS features will provide potential for grassland creation as part of landscaping. A total of just over 1.7 hectares of species-rich grassland will be created. To compensate for the loss of the mosaic habitat at JCB World Parts detailed design will identify potential and locations for swamp habitat as part of ditch and SuDS design.
Detailed botanical survey will inform grassland seed mixes which will be composed of native species of UK provenance suitable for this part of the County. Species will include those typical of the National Vegetation Classification MG5 community.
The proposed LEMP will include details of grassland establishment and aftercare and long- term management prescriptions for the grassland areas following the five year aftercare period. These measures will address the permanent impact of grassland loss and reduce this to a short-term temporary impact during the construction and grassland establishment phases.
Hedgerows
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2478 metres of hedgerows will be removed for highway construction, including 98 metres classified as important under the Hedgerow Regulations. In compensation 3000 metres of species-rich hedgerow, with hedgerow trees, will be planted as part of the landscape design. Native, locally appropriate species will be used in accordance with Appendix E1 recommendations. The condition of the important hedgerow, which is tall and unmanaged, is such that translocation is not thought viable. Ditches will be located along hedgerows where possible to replicate the current situation. These measures will address the permanent impact of hedgerow loss and reduce this to a temporary impact during the construction and establishment phases.
Plantation Woodland
Within the project area most of the current plantation woodland areas will be lost, comprising approximately 2.6 hectares. Detailed design will aim to retain as many as possible of the mature trees within plantation areas. 2.7 hectares of new planting, comprised of locally appropriate native species as informed by Appendix E1, will be included in the new landscape scheme. These measures will address the permanent impact of woodland loss and reduce this to a temporary impact during the construction and establishment phases.
Watercourses
Potential impacts on the River Tean are water quality impacts due to pollution and sedimentation, changes in flow due to impacts on the local drainage system, and introduction of alien invasive species (Japanese knotweed, Himalayan balsam) mobilised into the drainage network through construction works. Measures will be included in the CEMP to prevent temporary impacts from construction. SuDs features will include measures such as balancing ponds and oil interceptors to prevent the more permanent impact of pollution from highways reaching the River Tean and associated tributary streams and ditches.
The proposed works necessitate the diversion of several ditches and small watercourses, modifications to existing culverts and the creation of new culverts. There is potential for approximately 1000 metres of ditch/stream habitat to be affected. About 70 metres of a diverse wetland community will be affected along ditch S1 (Figure D47069770.5.1, Appendix E1). At detailed design stage proposals for culverting of ditches/streams will be minimised to that which is unavoidable; diversions will be made where possible and new ditches/streams located in association with hedgerows where feasible. Relocated ditches and their banks will be planted where possible with native tall herb, grassland and aquatic species similar to those recorded during ecological survey. There will be a residual short-term temporary impact during construction and establishment.
Bats
A number of mature trees that have potential to support bat roosts will be lost to construction. Surveys are being carried out to determine whether any of these trees do support bats roosts. These surveys include climbing survey to establish presence of bats or roost features, followed by, if required, targeted bat emergence and dawn swarming surveys. Should any bat roosts be found within trees that cannot be retained appropriate mitigation will be developed, such as installation of bat boxes, and managed through the Natural England licensing regime.
Some potential bat foraging habitat in the form of hedgerows, woodland, ditches and species rich grassland will be lost. Replacement habitats will be created as part of the landscape scheme. Though these will take some time to mature in the long-term there is predicted to be no overall adverse impact on bat populations in the project area.
Great crested newts
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Survey for great crested newts is ongoing. If present, potential impacts on great crested newts are harm to individuals, loss of part of their terrestrial habitat and pollution of ponds. Should great crested newts be present, mitigation of harm to individuals using terrestrial habitat within the works area will be ensured through the Natural England licensing process. Should it remain impossible to survey pond 3, the precautionary principle will be used in design of mitigation measures for construction works which will be included in the CEMP and include ecological supervision, timing of works, protective fencing, habitat management and searches of the construction area. Replacement terrestrial habitat, of increased value, will be provided as part of scheme landscaping resulting in no permanent adverse effect on this species.
Reptiles
Targeted surveys of potential reptile habitat will inform requirements for mitigation of harm to individuals which will be included in the CEMP and include ecological supervision, timing of works, protective fencing, habitat management and searches of the construction area. Equivalent replacement habitat will be provided as part of scheme landscaping resulting in no permanent adverse effect on these species.
Breeding birds
Breeding and foraging habitat will be lost during construction. Equivalent replacement habitat will be created within the landscape scheme resulting in no permanent adverse effect on these species. Timing of works and ecological supervision will prevent impacts on breeding. Appropriate measures will be included in the CEMP to avoid temporary impacts on breeding birds.
Barn owls
Survey of trees to be removed for bats will include survey for nesting barn owls. Should breeding be found timing of works will avoid impacts and replacement breeding features in the form of barn owl nest boxes will be erected in a suitable location. Potential breeding and foraging habitat will be lost during construction. Equivalent replacement habitat will be created within the landscape scheme. Collision risks may increase marginally. Where possible roadside planting will encourage barn owls to fly above traffic level but it is acknowledged that this will take time to mature to a sufficient height. Outside of the main A50 where risk will remain broadly the same highway layout is such that traffic is likely to be moving at low speed reducing collision and turbulence mortality risk.
White-clawed crayfish
No direct impact on this species is predicted but works to streams and ditches will observe biosecurity measures to avoid risk of spreading crayfish plague off-site. Biosecurity measures will be included in the CEMP.
Badgers
See Confidential Appendix E3.
Impacts of temporary land take for construction
A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be prepared with the aim of minimising the impact of works compounds and other temporary land-take, temporary lighting, stockpiling of materials etc. Location of compounds, haul routes and soil storage will be informed by ecological survey evidence and will avoid habitats of value. Temporary works areas will be reinstated to pre-works condition.
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5.4.2
Watercourses
Pollution of water courses by highway run-off will be prevented by SuDs design which will include balancing ponds and if required oil interceptors.
Bats
The A50 and A522 are already lit; therefore the only area where new street lighting will be introduced is the double roundabout south of the A50 and new link roads. Lighting will be designed to minimise spill. The street lighting on County adoptable roads will be subject to dimming when traffic volumes are lower, further reducing potential impacts on bats.
Barn owls
Collision risks may increase marginally but will be mitigated by highway design and planting. Where possible roadside planting will encourage barn owls to fly above traffic level but it is acknowledged that this will take time to mature to a sufficient height. Outside of the main A50 where risk will remain broadly the same highway layout is such that traffic is likely to be moving at low speed reducing collision and turbulence mortality risk.
5.4.3
Land to the west of Uttoxeter A50(T) Bypass, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire (Parks Farm) P/2013/00882
This application for an urban extension to Uttoxeter, immediately to the south of the A50 Growth Corridor Project A will have an inevitable urbanising effect but the area affected does not support habitats or species populations of significance at the District or County level. Proposals within the application are to retain or restore the hedgerow network and to create complementary habitat as part of green infrastructure including tree planting, grassland creation and water bodies. The Environmental Statement for this project defines ecological impact as slight moderate beneficial. s. 6.9.6 of the Environmental Statement states: “This project seeks to incorporate ecological features and create extensive areas of new habitat, which in combination with a variety of other compensation, mitigation and avoidance measures minimises the extent of adverse effects to ecological receptors and promotes a long term benefit to nature conservation wherever feasible. Any cumulative and unmitigatable effects on individual species would not be expected to affect their local conservation status, given …….the wide availability of alternate, similar habitats within close proximity of each site. ” The A50 Growth Corridor Project A is closely linked to the proposed development footprint of this scheme.
Waterloo Farm, Uttoxeter Road, Beamhurst, Uttoxeter P/2013/01530
This application is located approximately a kilometre to the west of the A50 Growth Corridor Project A and forms an extension to the current JCB employment site. Current habitats on site are of low value and while there will be losses to the local network of hedgerows and field trees proposed landscaping will provide a green infrastructure that in the long term should result in a slight moderate beneficial effect.
The cumulative effect of the A50 Growth Corridor project and these two proposals will be an extension of the urban envelope and a consequent change from a rural to urban landscape. Given the inclusion in all schemes of retained features and landscape planting providing green infrastructure the cumulative effect will be a changed landscape but one likely to support a similar diversity of species.
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The Pre-submission Local Plan employment land allocation at Derby Road and the A50 Growth Corridor Project B will result in further loss of greenfield land on the north side of Uttoxeter and a further expansion of the urban area. Given Pre-submission Local Plan policies for biodiversity and green infrastructure effects are likely to be similar to those associated with the development cluster round project A.
In combination these development proposals are likely to result in local impacts on farmland bird species and on species vulnerable to disturbance which cannot be mitigated. At the landscape scale these impacts are not considered significant for an area already dominated by transport and built infrastructure however; the overall nature, ecological quality and permeability of the rural environment being likely to be the main influences on species abundance and diversity.
Bamford Works, Pinfold Street, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, ST14 8TL OU/05254/018/JR/PO, Land at former Cattle Market, Smithfield Road, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, ST14 7LG P/2012/00771 and Land at Pennycroft Lane, Uttoxeter P/2013/00206:
The location of these schemes separated from the A50 Growth Corridor Project A by urban Uttoxeter and their pre-development employment land uses means there is not likely to be cumulative impacts.
Strategic Local Plan allocations at Stone Road and Hazelwalls while greenfield sites are remote from the A50 Growth Corridor and unlikely to contribute to cumulative impacts especially as Pre-submission Local Plan policy provides for incorporation of protection of biodiversity and maintenance or creation of green infrastructure.
Table 5.2 summarises residual impacts of the scheme following incorporation of mitigation and compensation.
The A50 Growth Corridor Project A is located within the existing A50/A522 transport corridor on the edge of existing development in Uttoxeter. No designated sites are affected by the proposed works. Small areas of habitat of principal importance will be lost to highway construction; these will be fully replaced through the landscape scheme. A 10 year Landscape and Ecological Management Plan will be produced for the project. It will outline management operations for both the existing habitats retained and the habitats created through the proposed landscaping works. The management plan will be produced with input from an ecologist and an arboriculturalist.
Impacts on protected species are under assessment; appropriate mitigation will be included in the scheme. It is envisaged that any likely protected species impacts will be able to be fully mitigated during construction and through habitat replacement as part of the landscape scheme.
Overall, while the project may result in some slight adverse impacts at the local level, most can be fully mitigated. Where Staffordshire County Council has control of landscape areas these will be managed long-term for the benefit of biodiversity, providing compensation for the minor residual adverse impacts that cannot be avoided or mitigated.
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Table 5.2 Summary of Impacts on Identified Receptors and the Significance Effect with Mitigation and Compensation Potential Significance Residual Receptor Value Mitigation/Compensation Impact Effect Effect Spread of High adverse Overall High invasive at the local Control through CEMP Slight beneficial species level Construction Species- phase loss of rich Protection of unaffected areas approximately grassland/ High through CEMP. Detailed one hectare at swamp High adverse habitat survey will inform JCB World mosaic at the Borough compensation habitat design. Parts level, 1.7 ha of species rich Slight Construction Moderate grassland will be included in adverse/neutral phase loss of adverse at the the landscape scheme of Semi- approximately County level. which 0.6 ha will be wet improved Medium 0.3 hectares grassland. Subsequent grassland north of the management for biodiversity A522 Loss Construction Improved phase loss of Negligible Low None proposed Neutral grassland several adverse sections of improved fields High adverse at the Borough Construction Protection of unaffected Important level, High phase loss of hedgerow lengths through Slight adverse hedgerow Moderate 98 metres CEMP. Planting of 3000 m of adverse at the replacement hedgerow County level. proposed. Ditches to be Non- Construction Moderate reinstated adjacent to Slight important Medium phase loss of adverse at the hedgerows where possible adverse/neutral hedgerows 2380 metres local level Construction phase loss of Protection of unaffected areas 2.6 hectares of Moderate through CEMP. Planting of 2.7 Plantation Low planting adverse at the ha of new native woodland Slight adverse woodland associated local level and subsequent management with the A50 for biodiversity and A522
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Potential Significance Residual Receptor Value Mitigation/Compensation Impact Effect Effect Construction phase loss of approximately 1000 metres of Protection of unaffected areas ditch/small through CEMP. Diversions stream; along new hedge-lines where Slight/ pollution, Moderate possible; minimisation of new Streams/ Moderate Medium sedimentation, adverse at the culverts. Planting with native ditches adverse at the introduction of local level species where possible. local level invasive Protection from operational species. phase pollution by SuDS Operational design. phase pollution from highway run-off. Impact on ecological status through construction phase pollution, sedimentation, Protection through CEMP. introduction of Protection from operational River Tean High High adverse Neutral invasive phase pollution by SuDS species, design hydrological changes. Operational phase pollution from highway run-off. Prevention of impact through Construction CEMP. Survey of potential phase loss of roost trees; mitigation of tree roost sites impacts through Natural and foraging Short-term Moderate England licensing process if habitat. minor adverse, Bats Medium adverse at the required. Replacement Operational long-term local level foraging habitat through phase impact neutral landscape scheme. Lighting on foraging design to minimise spill and through new lower levels at quiet traffic road lighting periods Prevention of impact through Construction CEMP. Survey of ponds phase harm to within 250 metres. Mitigation individual Minor- through Natural England Great newts, loss of moderate licensing process if present. crested Medium Neutral terrestrial adverse at the Precautionary mitigation of newts habitat, local level harm if survey not possible. pollution of Replacement terrestrial ponds habitat through landscape scheme STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Potential Significance Residual Receptor Value Mitigation/Compensation Impact Effect Effect Construction phase harm to Minor- individuals, Prevention of impacts through moderate Reptiles Medium loss of CEMP. Replacement habitat Neutral adverse at the terrestrial through landscape scheme local level habitat, pollution Construction phase impact Prevention of impacts on Minor- on breeding breeding birds through CEMP. Breeding moderate Medium birds and loss Replacement breeding and Neutral birds adverse at the of breeding foraging habitat through local level and foraging landscape scheme habitat Construction Survey of trees for breeding, phase impact timing of works and on breeding replacement features should birds and loss breeding be found. of breeding Moderate Neutral/Slight Barn owl High Replacement foraging habitat and foraging adverse effect adverse through landscape scheme. habitat. Mitigation of collision risk Operational through highway design and phase collision planting scheme risk Off-site impacts due to Biosecurity measures will be White- poor High adverse included in the CEMP to clawed High Neutral biosecurity off site prevent risk of spread of crayfish spreading crayfish plague crayfish plague
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This chapter was prepared by URS, with information supplied by Staffordshire County Council. The Historic Environment Desk Based Assessment prepared by Museum of London Archaeology is provided in Appendix F.
This ES Chapter reports on the predicted effects of the proposed A50(T) Growth Corridor Project A Scheme on cultural heritage assets within the study area.
The baseline Archaeology & Cultural Heritage Assessment was prepared by Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) in March 2014. The report is provided in Appendix F and provides a detailed discussion of the heritage assets within the study area. The results of this Environmental Statement chapter are based on the findings of the assessment. This ES chapter and the baseline assessment were prepared on behalf of Staffordshire County Council.
6.1.1
This assessment was undertaken in accordance with all relevant legislative and policy requirements. This includes:
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act ) 1990;
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979;
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, 2012);
East Staffordshire Borough Council Local Plan (Adopted 2006);
National Planning Policy Guidance (NPPG, 2014);
PPS5: Planning Practice Guide (English Heritage, 2010);
The Setting of Heritage Assets (English Heritage 2011); and
Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance (English Heritage 2008).
The NPPF sets out Government planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. Section 12 of the NPPF sets out the importance of being able to assess the significance of heritage assets that may be affected by a development. Significance is defined in Annex 2 as being the, “value of an asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic interest.”
Paragraphs 128 and 129 of the NPPF state that when determining applications, local authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of assets that may be affected by a development, to a level of detail that is proportionate to their importance and that is no more than sufficient to understand the potential impact on their significance; this should also include assets where their setting may be affected by a proposal.
Paragraph 132 recognises that heritage assets are irreplaceable and that where proposed development may impact on the significance of designated heritage assets, great weight should be placed on its conservation; the more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Substantial harm to or loss of assets of the highest significance, for example scheduled monuments, registered battlefields, Grade I and II* listed buildings and registered parks and gardens and World Heritage Sites should be wholly exceptional. The NPPF notes STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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that alteration or destruction of a heritage asset or development within its setting can harm its significance. Where substantial harm is found, substantial public benefits must be achieved to outweigh this loss.
The NPPF states that the effect of a planning application on non-designated heritage assets should be taken into account when considering the application. Paragraph 135 sets out the need for a balanced judgement between the significance of the heritage assets and the scale of any harm or loss, when considering assets directly or indirectly affected by proposed development.
Although the East Staffordshire Borough Council Local Plan (Adopted 2006) is included as guidance, no policies relating to cultural heritage have been saved and therefore there is no local planning guidance relating to heritage assets.
6.1.2
A study area of 1km from the proposed Project A boundary was used by MOLA in their baseline assessment. This area was used to identify all designated and non-designated heritage assets as well as areas of historic landscape.
6.1.3
The MOLA Archaeology & Cultural Heritage Assessment has been used as the primary source for this ES. The MOLA document consulted a number of sources during the preparation of their study:
Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (HER);
Staffordshire Record Office; and
The William Salt Library.
The assessment has been carried out in accordance with the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Detailed Assessment (DMRB Volume 11 Section 3, Part 2 Cultural Heritage HA 208/07, 2007). Application of appropriate mitigation measures follows guidance set out in DMRB Volume 10, Section 6 (Highways Agency 2001).
Assessment of residual effects is undertaken in two stages. The initial assessment of effect is taken from the cross-referencing of the magnitude of impact against the value of the feature, without taking into account any mitigation features. Following the initial assessment of effects, mitigation may be considered to reduce the significance of any significant adverse effects. A significant effect is classed as anything moderate and above. Mitigation is used to reduce or compensate for any adverse effects or to enhance positive effects. Re-assessing impact effects after mitigation allows the residual effect of an impact to be determined. The residual effect is calculated by the use of the matrix shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Matrix for Determination of Significance of Effect MAGNITUDE OF IMPACT VALUE OF RECEPTOR Very High High Medium Low Negligible
MAJOR Large/Very Moderate/ Slight/Moderat Very Large Slight Large Large e MODERATE Large/Very Moderate/ Moderate Slight Neutral/Slight Large Large
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MINOR Moderate/ Moderate/Sligh Slight Neutral/ Slight Neutral/Slight Large t NEGLIGIBLE Slight/ Slight Neutral/Slight Neutral/ Slight Neutral NO CHANGE Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral
6.2.1
The value of a structure, area, site or landscape reflects its significance as a historic asset and, therefore, its sensitivity to change. For the purposes of this report, value has been assessed in accordance with DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2, Cultural Heritage (Highways Agency 2007). The NPPF has brought together the three heritage aspects of archaeology, historic buildings and historic landscapes, however DMRB has currently not been updated to reflect this amalgamation. Therefore the assessment of value of archaeological remains, historic buildings and the historic landscape is undertaken by reference to different sets of criteria as outlined in Tables 6.2 to 6.4. The purpose of the evaluation is to allow an objective assessment of the significance of an effect on that heritage asset in accordance with Table 6.1.
English Heritage outlines in NPPF Annex 2: Glossary the definition of significance in terms of a heritage asset. It defines it as the “interest” that asset holds which can be historical, archaeological, architectural and artistic. Significance also can be derived from an assets setting. Non-designated assets may exhibit equivalent values to those which have been granted statutory protection and have been assessed accordingly.
Table 6.2: Guide for Assessing the Value of Archaeological Assets (DMRB 2007) Importance Description Very High World Heritage Sites Assets of acknowledged international importance Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged international research objectives High Scheduled Monuments Undesignated assets of schedulable quality and importance Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives Medium Designated or undesignated assets that contribute to regional research objectives Low Undesignated assets of local importance Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations Assets of limited value, but with potential to contribute to local research objectives
Negligible Assets with very little or no surviving archaeological interest Unknown The importance of this resource cannot be ascertained
Table 6.3: Guide for Establishing Value of Historic Buildings (DMRB 2007) Criteria for establishing value of historic buildings Very High Standing structures inscribed as being of universal importance, such as World Heritage Sites Other buildings of recognised international importance High Scheduled Monuments with standing remains Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings Other listed buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historical association not adequately reflected in their listing grade Conservation Areas containing very important buildings Undesignated structures of clear national importance Medium Grade II Listed Buildings Historic (unlisted) buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historic association Conservation Areas containing important buildings Historic Townscape or built-up areas with historic integrity in their buildings, or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures)
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Criteria for establishing value of historic buildings Low 'Locally listed' buildings Historic (unlisted) buildings of modest quality in their fabric or historical association Historic Townscape or built-up areas of limited historic integrity in their buildings, or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures) Negligible Buildings of no architectural or historical note; buildings of an intrusive character Unknown Buildings with some hidden (i.e. inaccessible) potential for historic significance
Table 6.4: Guide for Assessing the Value of Historic Landscape Character Units (DMRB 2007) Importance Description Very High World Heritage Site inscribed for their historic landscape qualities Historic landscapes of international value, whether designated or not Extremely well preserved historic landscapes with exceptional coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s) High Grade I and II* Registered Parks and Gardens Undesignated landscapes of outstanding interest Undesignated landscapes of high quality and importance, and of demonstrable national value Well preserved historic landscapes, exhibiting considerable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s) Medium Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens Undesignated that would justify special historic landscape designation, landscapes of regional value Averagely well-preserved historic landscapes with reasonable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s). Low Robust undesignated historic landscapes Historic landscapes with importance to local interest groups Historic landscapes whose value is limited by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations Negligible Landscapes with little or no significant historical interest
6.2.2
Once a level of significance has been assigned, the magnitude of impact from the development is assessed. Potential impacts are defined as a change resulting from the Proposed Development which affects a heritage asset including its setting. These impacts are considered in terms of being direct, indirect or cumulative, constructional or operational, permanent or temporary. The assessment of impact will include consideration of a heritage asset’s setting which will vary from case to case and cannot be generically defined.
The magnitude of an impact can be judged on a five-point scale (see Table 6.5). The impact score is arrived at without reference to the importance of the feature and the impact is assessed without taking into account any subsequent mitigation proposals. The three tables in DMRB Volume 11.3.2 (2007) has been combined into one table with sub-headings for ease of reference.
Table 6.5: Guidance Factors in the Assessment of Magnitude of Impacts on Heritage Assets Impact Magnitude Archaeology Change to most or all key archaeological elements, such that the resource is totally Major altered Comprehensive changes to setting Changes to many key archaeological elements, such that the resource is clearly modified Moderate Considerable changes to setting that affect the character of the asset Changes to key archaeological elements, such that the asset is slightly altered Minor Slight changes to setting Very minor changes to elements or setting. Negligible No change No change Historic Buildings
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Impact Magnitude Archaeology Change to key historic building elements, such that the resource is totally altered Major Comprehensive changes to the setting Change to many key historic building elements, such that the resource is significantly Moderate modified Changes to the setting of an historic building, such that it is significantly modified Change to key historic building elements, such that the asset is slightly different Minor Change to setting of an historic building, such that it is noticeably changed Slight changes to historic building elements or setting that hardly affect it Negligible No change to fabric or setting No change Historic Landscape Character Units Change to most or all key historic landscape elements, parcels or components; extreme Major visual effects; gross change of noise or change to sound quality; fundamental changes to use or access; resulting in total change to historic landscape character unit. Changes to many key historic landscape elements, parcels or components, visual Moderate change to many key aspects of the historic landscape, noticeable differences in noise or sound quality, considerable changes to use or access; resulting in moderate changes to historic landscape character. Changes to few key historic landscape elements, parcels or components, slight visual Minor changes to few aspects of historic landscape, limited changes to noise levels or sound quality; slight changes to use or access: resulting in limited changes to historic landscape character. Very minor changes to key historic landscape elements, parcels or components, virtually Negligible unchanged visual effects, very slight changes in noise levels or sound quality; very slight changes to use or access; resulting in a very small change to historic landscape character. No change to elements, parcels or components, no visual or audible changes; no No change changes arising from in amenity or community factors.
Only those assets which may experience a significant effect from the proposed development are considered in the Environmental Statement, to ensure that only assets relevant to the assessment are considered. A significant effect is judged to be moderate or major.
Within the NPPF, impacts affecting the significance of heritage assets are considered in terms of harm and there is a requirement to determine whether the level of harm amounts to ‘substantial harm’ or ‘less than substantial harm’. The on-line National Planning Policy Guidance provides some assistance in the determination of whether works constitute substantial harm by stating that “substantial harm is a high test, so it may not arise in many cases.”1
The ES provides an assessment of the significance of effect based upon the proposals as currently understood. It is important to note that there is no direct correlation between the significance of effect and the level of harm caused to heritage significance. A major effect on a heritage asset would be more often be the basis by which to determine that the level of harm to the significance of the asset would be substantial, however as NPPG points out, anything less than total destruction could be less than substantial harm. A moderate effect is unlikely to meet the test of substantial harm and would therefore more often be the basis by which to determine that the level of harm to the significance of the asset would be less than substantial. In all cases determining the level of harm to the significance of the asset arising from development impact is one of professional judgement.
There are no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or World Heritage Sites within the 1km search area. There are eight listed buildings within the
1 National Planning Policy Guidance, 2014, paragraph 018.
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search area, all grade II listed. One listed building is located on the proposed scheme boundary, the grade II 19th century milepost (1392049).
There are 58 non-designated assets located within the study area identified from the Staffordshire HER. These assets are referenced in the text in bold with their HER number. A further six assets have been identified by MOLA during the baseline assessment through the site walkover and analysis of aerial photographs. These have been identified in the report with the prefix URS--. A historic environment character assessment (HEC) was undertaken by Staffordshire County Council in 2013 which brought together the evidence from a number of datasets to provide an overview of the historic environment. Two HEC units have been identified in the study area and are referenced with their HEC number.
6.3.1
There is currently little known evidence for later prehistoric activity within the area of the proposed scheme. The MOLA assessment has identified that there was evidence for Neolithic and Bronze Age activity (principally ceremonial and funerary in nature) from archaeological work carried out at Uttoxeter Quarry lying approximately 900m to the north of the project area. Similar evidence for late prehistoric and Roman activity has been recovered in excavations from other Staffordshire river valleys (notably the Trent and Tame) suggesting a pattern of river valley exploitation during these periods. Taking this evidence in consideration along with the proximate location of the River Tean, there is a moderate potential for encountering in particular evidence of prehistoric activity as identified in HEC UTCHECZ1. There is a low potential for encountering Roman archaeological remains within the footprint of the proposed scheme.
6.3.2
Ephemeral evidence for potential Saxon activity was recovered from the Uttoxeter Quarry site (900m north of the project area). The only other evidence is documentary relating to settlement lying outside of the project area. On the whole the evidence suggests that this area was given over to agriculture during this period. Ridge and furrow earthworks (evidence for medieval ploughing activity) have been recorded within the project area and the current development proposals suggest that extant features will be directly impacted.
A number of the fields and farms have ‘Park’ in their name in the study area. There is no evidence of a deer park in this area, however Tinshill Park is marked on the 1798 Yates map. There was no further information on this park in the MOLA report, but it seems likely that this area is the remnant of a former deer park, though the boundaries of this are not clear within the landscape today.
6.3.3
The post-medieval period is characterised by a continuation in the dairy-based economy. Water meadows were established during this period to increase the amount of land available for pasture with a large area to the north of the proposed scheme identified as former water meadow. In addition to the establishment of water meadows, the agricultural fields within the study area were enclosed into smaller, regular parcels. It is likely Parks’ Farm, Park View Farm and the buildings forming The Parks, of which only the farmhouse survives were all constructed in this period with their setting being the agricultural land and surroundings. The Parks seems to have been a higher status farmhouse with a pleasure garden associated with it. In addition to the agricultural economy, historic mapping of the area shows an increase in the number of small gravel extraction pits are scattered across the study area, in particular to the north of Parks’ Farm where a number were located. The evidence for these is now the location of small ponds or hollows in the landscape.
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The Caldon Canal was constructed in this period and opened in 1811. However the demand for the canal as a transport for industry was lacking south of Frogall and in 1849, after only 38 years in operation, the canal was closed and rapidly infilled. The route of the canal is now barely visible however it originally went through the boundary of the proposed scheme and crossed the A50(T) to the east of the current A552 overbridge. Earthworks of this area of former route are still extant. Earlier transport networks were established with the turnpike road in 1763 which, in an altered form, became the A552. The listed mileposts, including the one within the site boundary are located along this route.
6.3.4
A number of historic landscape character types have been identified. Fields associated with Parks Farm to the west of the site appear to have been created by surveyors during the 18th- 19th century (HLC type ‘18th/19th century planned enclosure). Surviving ridge and furrow earthworks suggest this landscape had previously formed part of an open field associated with Uttoxeter. To the north of the A50(T) the landscape has principally been identified as being associated with the river valley (HLC type ‘Miscellaneous Floodplain Fields’). The origin of this landscape is less clear, but many floodplain field systems are thought to be of post medieval date. They are usually associated with drainage or were utilised as water meadows which were an important aspect of the landscape around Uttoxeter. No water meadow features are believed to exist within the project area. There has been some field boundary loss within this landscape and it has been impacted by the construction of the A50(T) itself. The presence of ridge and furrow across parts of this area also indicates that it had formed part of a medieval open field system.
The MOLA report identified a number of hedgerows as possibly meeting the criteria for Important Hedgerows as set out in the Hedgerow Regulations 1997. The hedgerow running along the western boundary of the proposed scheme west of Parks’ Farm also marks a parish boundary and therefore this hedgerow meets the criteria and is an important hedgerow. This will not be impacted by the proposed development. The other hedgerows, though marking historic boundaries, do not meet the criteria within the Hedgerow Regulations. They have been identified within this report as a heritage asset in their own right as URS7 and considered within the impact assessment.
6.4.1
Though not currently identified as being impacted by the proposed scheme, care should be taken with construction traffic and construction activity not to disturb or damage the grade II listed milepost (1392049), an asset of medium value, located outside the JCB World Parts Centre. Given the level of construction activity, there is the possibility of vehicle strike on the asset, however the asset is located back from the carriageway and will not experience any change in its setting or significance. The impact is therefore judged to be no change.
The movement of construction traffic, construction of the embankment and cutting and the new southern link road south of the A50(T) have the potential to impact upon the setting of The Parks (56489). This asset does not refer to the 19th century Tudor revival building which is of limited heritage value, but to the remaining farmhouse building within the post-medieval farm complex, an asset of low value. The asset is now incorporated into the Tudor revival building, and operates as a restaurant. The other farm buildings have all been removed and the function of the asset has changed, thus altering the setting and values of the asset. The setting is no longer formed by the agricultural surroundings and the buildings are well- screened from the current A50(T) and the surrounding landscape by heavy planting around the perimeter. The values of this building lies in the historic value as an example of a Derbyshire farmstead on a loose courtyard three-sided plan. The building may retain some architectural value, however this has been reduced by the extension and addition of modern STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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buildings. The construction activity will bring increased noise, and dust within close proximity of the building and further reduce the ability to appreciate the intrinsic architectural value of the asset. The impact will be temporary and is therefore judged to be moderate.
The construction of the southern roundabout of the new junction, the sentry slip road, the single carriageway link, additional southern roundabout and link road to the A522 along with the associated embankments has the potential to impact upon the setting of Parks’ Farm (56490), an asset of low value. The setting of this asset is the agricultural landscape in which it sits. This landscape has a high historic legibility with areas of ridge and furrow preserved and historic field boundaries extant. Therefore, although there have been 20th century additions to the farm itself, the setting of the asset contributes towards the significance of the asset. The construction of the proposed scheme would bring increased noise, traffic movement and dust into this landscape and would necessitate the removal of a small number of historic field boundaries and large portions of ridge and furrow. This would diminish the setting of the asset and impact upon the ability to understand the asset in its landscape context. The construction noise and dust would be a temporary impact, however the removal of the agricultural and rural landscape to the north and east would represent a permanent impact which is judged to be moderate.
The construction of the northern junction roundabout, access road to Park View Farm, the overbridge and embankment would result in temporary setting impacts to Park View Farm (URS5) an asset of low value. The construction would create additional noise and dust in very close proximity to the asset. The setting of the asset is the agricultural landscape within which the asset is located. In addition, the setting also encompasses the original route of the turnpike road, the current A552 which was the original access point to the farm. This is being removed during the construction which will reduce the significance of the asset by removing some of its historic value. The impact is judged to be minor.
The widening of the A50(T), creation of new embankment/cutting and introduction of new landscaping along the route has the potential to impact upon the semi-circular asset URS1 identified in the MOLA baseline, an asset of low value. The significance of this asset lies in its archaeological value and the confirmation of its identity would help to provide information on the archaeology of the area. The construction of the embankment, possible widening of the carriageway and any security fencing or haul roads required for the scheme will remove a substantial portion of the asset and thus remove the majority of its archaeological value. This will be a permanent and physical impact and is judged to be major.
The widening of the A50(T) and construction of the embankment/cutting to the north of the A50(T) has the potential to physically and permanently impact upon the area of ridge and furrow identified in the MOLA report (URS3), an asset of low value. The embankment will only remove a small portion of the asset, whose significance lies in its archaeological value and the information it provides for the agricultural economy of the area. Large areas of the asset will remain in situ for future research and therefore the impact is judged to be negligible.
A linear earthwork (URS4) identified within the MOLA baseline is an asset of low value. The construction of the access road for Park View Farm has the potential to impact upon this asset, however it may be too far north of the proposed scheme to experience physical, permanent impacts. The significance of this asset is probably as a field boundary and therefore the wider setting and significance of the asset will not change. The impact is judged to be negligible.
Impacts on potential prehistoric deposits (URS6), assets of unknown value have the potential to result from the construction of the proposed scheme in areas of new land take. In particular, the excavation for the attenuation pond, and construction of the southern roundabout of the new junction and south link road roundabout and associated embankments are all situated in areas of previously undeveloped land. The proximity of the River Tean and
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the prehistoric archaeology recovered from the excavations at Uttoxeter Quarry indicate that there is potential for prehistoric archaeology. Any archaeology of this nature would have archaeological value and contribute to the understanding of prehistoric activity within this area. Removal of these assets would remove the archaeological value and remove their significance. The impact could potentially be major.
Construction of the two roundabouts of the new junction, the overbridge foundations, the embankments, slip roads, easement, attenuation/balancing pond and associated embankments have the potential to permanently and directly impact upon the identified areas of ridge and furrow (55426, 55446, 55447, 55448), all assets of low value. The significance of these assets lies in their historic value in the information they provide for the agricultural economy of this area and the evolution of farming methods. None of the identified parcels will be entirely eradicated by the proposed scheme, however large portions will be removed. The historic value will be reduced but other extant areas of ridge and furrow will remain and aide in the interpretation and understanding the evolution of the landscape. The impact is therefore considered to be moderate.
Construction of the access track to Park View Farm and Anfield House Farm with the associated embankment/cutting will have a permanent, physical impact on a small portion of an area of ridge and furrow (55425) south of Stramshall. The new road will remove a small portion of the south-western edge of the area. The value of the asset lies in its historic and archaeological value and the information it provides for the agricultural history of the area. The majority of this asset will remain intact, leaving the historic value largely intact. The impact is therefore considered to be negligible.
Construction of the embankment and widening of the A50(T) and construction of the new southern, single carriageway link road between the A50(T) and A552 has the potential to permanently and physically impact upon a small portion of the Caldon Canal (01226), an asset of low value. The canal is no longer extant and it is unlikely that the scheme will impact upon the remaining earthwork section to the north of the extant A50(T), however there may be below-ground elements surviving to the south. The significance of this asset mainly lies in its historic value and the information it provides for the early transport network of Staffordshire and the economic growth the canal hoped to tap into from the nearby Potteries. There is some archaeological value in the construction methods of the canal and possible material culture which may survive. The construction of the scheme will only impact upon a very small portion of the overall asset, leaving substantial amounts in situ for future research. The impact is therefore judged to be negligible.
Impacts on the wider historic landscape have been considered within the HEC units UTCHECZ1 and UTCHECZ6. On the individual historic landscape units identified in the characterisation, there will be no significant impact. The construction of the proposed scheme, embankments and attenuation ponds will result in direct impacts to the HLC units, however the proposed scheme represents the extension and expansion of the already extant A50(T). Although three new roundabouts are proposed, this will not introduce a substantially different element into the landscape. None of the HLC units will be entirely eradicated by the scheme and the significance of the 18th/19th century planned enclosure and the floodplain can still be understood. Three hedgerows (URS7) will be removed by the proposed scheme. Whilst this will impact upon the historic landscape by removing historic boundaries, these hedgerows are not classified as Important under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997. The removal of the historic field boundaries, assets of low value, represents a moderate impact as the removal will be permanent, however the overall historic landscape will not be adversely affected.
There is the potential for the construction of the proposed scheme to impact upon the HEC units UTCHECZ1 and UTCHECZ6, assets of low value. These assets are located to the north and south of the current A50(T) respectively. The construction will introduce increased noise and dust into the landscape and increased earth movement with the construction of the
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embankments. UTCHECZ1 covers a very large area including the river. Although construction activity will occur in this area, it will only impact upon a very small portion of the asset. The significance and appreciation of the wider historic environment will not change significantly. The impact is therefore judged to be minor. The construction activity in UTCHECZ6 is more significance with the excavation of attenuation ponds and two large roundabouts. This landscape is slightly smaller and more focussed on the agricultural landscape. This will experience change during the construction phase and the impact on this is therefore judged to be moderate.
None of the other identified assets within the baseline assessment will experience impacts from the construction of the proposed scheme.
6.4.2
The construction of the new southern link road south of the A50(T) has the potential to impact upon the setting of The Parks (56489). This asset does not refer to the 19th century Tudor revival building which is of limited heritage value, but to the remaining 18th or 19th century farmhouse building within the post-medieval farm complex, an asset of low value. The asset is now incorporated into the Tudor revival building, and operates as a restaurant. The other farm buildings have all been removed and the function of the asset has changed from its agricultural origins, even though clearly part of a higher status complex which thus alters the setting and values of the asset. The setting is no longer formed by the agricultural surroundings and the buildings are well-screened from the current A50(T) and the surrounding landscape by heavy planting around the perimeter. The values of this building lie in the historic value as an example of a Derbyshire farmstead on a loose courtyard three-sided plan. The building may retain some architectural value however this has been reduced by the extension and addition of modern buildings. The proximity of the new route and the associated features will further reduce the setting of the asset by bringing the flow of traffic closer. Also, the new link road will be the main route into Uttoxeter from the A522 and the A50(T), thus increasing the amount of traffic and noise along this route. It is anticipated that landscaping proposals will be incorporated into the Scheme to provide effective screening of the route. The impact is therefore judged to be moderate.
The operation of the new grade separated junction and linking overbridge has the potential to impact upon the setting of Parks’ Farm (56490). The bridge will introduce a new and highly visible element into the landscape and introduce views of the moving traffic into views northwards from Parks’ Farm. The setting of this asset is the surrounding agricultural landscape which has been reduced by the construction of the A50(T), the JCB World Parts Centre and the new grade separated junction and the link road connection the A50(T) to the A522. The impact is therefore judged to be minor.
The operation of the new grade separated junction, roundabouts and linking overbridge carrying the A522 has the potential to impact upon the setting of Park View Farm (URS5). The overbridge will introduce a highly visible element into the landscape and the traffic on the bridge will introduce a moving element as well as increased noise. The setting of the asset is the surrounding agricultural landscape, which will be preserved to the north and west and it will have already been heavily eroded by the construction of the new junction and slip road for access into the farm. In addition to this, the operational scheme will result in a new access road being used to access Park View Farm and the link to the A552 being permanently severed. This will permanently reduce the historic value of the asset. The impact is therefore judged to be moderate.
The operation of the new overbridge, southern roundabout of the grade separated junction and additional southern roundabout will bring a much increased volume of traffic in close proximity to Parks Farm (56490), an asset of low value. The effect of the constructed embankment, slip roads and connecting roads have the effect of surrounding the farm on
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three sides, forming a sense of enclosed space which would dominate the remaining structures. The agricultural setting of the asset would remain to the west and south of the asset, but the proximity of the completed scheme would diminish the ability to fully appreciate the setting. This would therefore reduce the significance of the asset. The impact is judged to be moderate.
The operation of the scheme has the potential to impact upon the HEC units UTCHECZ1 and UTCHECZ6, assets of low value. These assets are located to the north and south of the current A50(T) respectively. The operation of the scheme will cause a very low level of change to the significance of UTCHECZ1. The relationship with the river and water meadows will remain intact and therefore the impact is judged to be negligible. The operation of the scheme will introduce a greater volume of traffic into UTCHECZ6 and disconnect the north- eastern portion from its surrounding landscape. The impact on this is therefore judged to be moderate.
There will be no impact from the operation of the scheme on the listed milepost outside the JCB World Parts Centre (1392049).
There will be no impacts upon any of the archaeological assets, such as the ridge and furrow, the earthworks identified from aerial photography and the line of the Caldon Canal from the operation of the proposed development. Any impacts experienced during the construction phase will have been mitigated at that time and therefore no further impacts will be experienced during operation. The operation of the scheme will not alter the setting of any of the identified archaeological assets, which already contains the route of the A50(T) and subsidiary roads.
Although not currently identified as experiencing an impact from the proposed development, safeguards should be put in place to ensure the listed milestone (1392049) outside the JCB World Parts Centre is not impacted. The location of the milepost should be highlighted to all contractors on site via the CEMP and toolbox talks where necessary. Should the commencement of works indicate a higher risk to the milepost, provision should be made for the removal and safe storage of the milepost whilst works are carried out with reinstatement when works are complete. It is recommended that consultation is undertaken with the Milestone Society if the milepost requires removal.
Mitigation in the form of archaeological evaluation is proposed in the area of URS1 where the A50(T) will be widened and an embankment and cutting will be introduced. This could be in the form of geophysical survey, however this method is sometimes ineffective in areas of alluvial geology. Trial trenching may be required, followed by excavation if archaeology of high significance is recovered. Although the magnitude of the impact will remain as major, the knowledge that will be gained from excavating and identifying this asset and its function will add value to the historic and archaeological record. The significance of effects matrix allows for a reduction in the residual effect whilst allowing the magnitude of impact to remain the same.
A programme of targeted trial trenching should be undertaken in the area to the south of the A50(T) at the location of the route of the Caldon Canal (01226).
Mitigation is proposed in all areas of new land take for the route and for areas of topsoil strip required during construction for materials laydown areas and construction compounds if located in areas of new land take. In particular, mitigation is required in the area of the two southern roundabouts, embankments and attenuation/balancing pond south of the A50(T). This is the main area of new land take required and therefore the area with the highest potential for the recovery of prehistoric deposits (URS6). This mitigation would take the form of archaeological evaluation, possibly in the form of geophysical survey, though advice will be STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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taken as to the effectiveness of this strategy. Trial trench evaluation will be undertaken followed by excavation if further mitigation is required.
A topographical or earthwork survey should be undertaken on the areas of ridge and furrow 55426, 55446, 55447, 55448. This should be undertaken prior to development. The mitigation will add to the knowledge of the historic landscape in this area, however it will not reduce the magnitude of the impact.
Mitigation for the permanent operation impacts on the setting of The Parks (56489) could be proposed in terms of screening with planting. Although this will help reduce noise and possible dust impacts, the screening will itself make the space around the building much more enclosed. There will be slight reduction in impact, particularly from the removal of the overbridge, which would reduce the level to minor, however this will not reduce the overall residual effect.
There is potential for landscape planting to mitigate some of the setting impacts on Parks’ Farm (56490), however given the scale of the embankments and the proximity of the southern roundabout, it is likely that any landscaping proposed would not be in keeping with the straight lines of the extant field boundaries and would add to the sense of enclosure the new scheme would introduce, Therefore although mitigation may reduce some of the noise and dust from the operational scheme, it is unlikely to reduce any of the identified setting impacts.
Mitigation in the form of landscape planting could be proposed to reduce the impacts on Park View Farm (URS5), however given the introduction of an overbridge in close proximity, this will be difficult to effectively screen. One of the main impacts upon this asset is the removal of the original access to the A552 which cannot be mitigated.
Taking into account the proposed mitigation for the semi-circular earthwork URS1, the residual effect is deemed to be slight adverse.
No mitigation is proposed for URS3. The residual effect on the area of ridge and furrow to the north of the A50(T) (URS3) will therefore be neutral.
No mitigation is proposed for URS4. The residual effect on the linear earthwork (URS4) located to the west of Park View Farm is neutral.
The residual effect on the potential prehistoric deposits (URS6) is moderate adverse.
No mitigation is proposed for the loss of hedgerows. The residual effect on the three hedgerows (URS7) is slight adverse.
The residual effect on HEC UTCHECZ1 is neutral.
The residual effect on HEC UTCHECZ6 is slight adverse.
The residual effect on the Caldon Canal (01226) is neutral.
The residual effect on the areas of ridge and furrow 55426, 55446, 55447, 55448 will be slight adverse.
No mitigation is proposed for the ridge and furrow 55425. The residual effect will be neutral.
The residual effect on The Parks (56489) will be slight adverse.
The residual effect on Parks’ Farm (56490) will be slight adverse.
The residual effect on Park View Farm (URS5) will be slight adverse.
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No mitigation is proposed for the milepost outside JCB World Parts Centre (1392049). The residual effect will be neutral.
6.5.1
No construction details for the scheme, including locations of haul routes, materials laydown areas and site compounds were available at the time of writing.
No archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken during the production of the baseline or Environmental Statement chapter.
Consultation has not been undertaken during the production of the baseline and ES chapter. This will be undertaken when required post-submission to address any issues.
The assessment has identified one moderate adverse impact. This is on the asset of potential prehistoric deposits (URS6) which may be located within the scheme footprint and removed by construction activities. Although this is identified as a moderate adverse impact, the level of prehistoric archaeology within the scheme footprint is as yet unknown. Therefore when archaeological evaluation is undertaken, there is a low risk prehistoric archaeology would be found, with any archaeology being appropriately recorded and archived. This mitigation means that there would be no significant residual effect on archaeological deposits.
The assessment has identified slight adverse impacts on ten heritage assets: URS1; URS5; URS7; UTCHECZ6; 55426; 56490; 55446; 56489; 55447; and 55448.
This residual effect takes into account the mitigation measures proposed for the scheme which include a programme of archaeological evaluation will consist of geophysical survey, if the geology is conducive to accurate results. If this is not the case, a programme of trial trench evaluation will be required. This will be followed with detailed excavation in areas where archaeology of significance has been identified.
Six heritage assets have been assessed as experiencing a neutral impact from the proposed scheme. This includes the grade II listed milepost (1392049).
It is concluded that although a moderate adverse effect has been identified on one heritage asset, the overall level of effect is not significant and the scheme represents a less than substantial harm to the heritage assets within the study area.
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Table 6.6: Residual Effects on Identified Heritage Assets Impacts from, Construction, Operation and Mitigation Magnitude Residual Decommissioning of the Development. Temporary or of Impact Significance Asset No. Description Value permanent (before of Effects mitigation) Low Permanent, physical impact of embanking of A50(T) at eastern end Archaeological Semi-circular earthwork of route evaluation followed URS1 Major Slight Adverse noted on APs by excavation if required Low Potential direct physical and permanent impact caused by the Archaeological construction of the bus link evaluation followed if URS3 Ridge and furrow required by Moderate Minor Adverse excavation of area of impact Low No change in significance of the asset. No mitigation URS4 Linear earthwork Moderate Minor Adverse proposed Low Permanent setting impacts during construction and operation from Appropriate URS5 Park View Farm construction of roundabout and embankment at western end of landscape proposals Moderate Slight Adverse route and severing of access road to A522 Unknown Permanent physical impacts during construction Archaeological Potential prehistoric evaluation followed Moderate URS6 Major archaeology by excavation if Adverse required Three hedgerow field Low Permanent removal of the boundaries through construction of No mitigation URS7 Moderate Slight Adverse boundaries roundabouts proposed Historic environment Low Potential direct, permanent impacts from construction and operation Archaeological area including potential of scheme evaluation followed UTCHECZ1 Minor Neutral for prehistoric by excavation if archaeology required Historic environment Low Potential direct, permanent impacts from construction and operation No additional UTCHECZ6 area south of proposed of scheme mitigation Moderate Slight Adverse route Ridge and furrow, south Low Permanent, direct construction impacts on a portion of this asset Topographical survey 55426 Moderate Slight Adverse of Stramshall
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Impacts from, Construction, Operation and Mitigation Magnitude Residual Decommissioning of the Development. Temporary or of Impact Significance Asset No. Description Value permanent (before of Effects mitigation) Low Permanent setting impacts during construction and operation Screening planting 56490 Parks’ Farm Moderate Slight Adverse where appropriate Ridge and Furrow Low Permanent, direct construction impacts on a portion of this asset Topographical survey 55446 Moderate Slight Adverse Parks’ Farm Low Temporary setting impacts from the construction of the southern link No additional 56489 The Parks road. Permanent setting impacts from the operation of the southern mitigation proposed Moderate Slight Adverse link road Ridge and furrow, south Low The significance of the asset will not change. No mitigation 55425 Negligible Neutral of Stramshall proposed Ridge and furrow NE of Low Permanent, direct construction impacts on a portion of this asset Topographical survey 55447 Moderate Slight Adverse Uttoxeter Ridge and furrow NE of Low Permanent, direct construction impacts on a portion of this asset Topographical survey 55448 Moderate Slight Adverse Uttoxeter Low Very low change to significance of asset from construction of Archaeological 01226 Caldon Canal Negligible Neutral scheme evaluation Medium The significance of the asset will not be impacted Alert contractors to Milepost outside JCB location of asset prior 1392049 No change Neutral World Parts Centre to construction commencing
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This chapter was prepared by Atkins Ltd. The Flood Risk Assessment which was also prepared by Atkins Ltd. is provided in Appendix G.
This Chapter of the Environmental Statement assesses the likely significant environmental effects of the proposed junction improvements in respect of the water environment including flood risk, drainage and water quality.
This Chapter should be read in conjunction with the Flood Risk Assessment which is being produced by Atkins Limited.
7.2.1
The proposed junction improvement scheme is located on the A50(T) on the north-western side of Uttoxeter. The works area extends from the A50(T) eastbound exit/entry junction with the A522 close to the JCB World Parts Centre to the A50(T) westbound exit/entry junction with the A522 further to the east. The works area includes a bridge carrying the A522 over the A50(T).
The land to the north of the proposed works is the floodplain of the River Tean. To the south- west, the land is currently used for agricultural purposes. There is a residential area located to the south-east.
7.2.2
The Environment Agency Flood Map identifies the northern half of the proposed works site as lying within Flood Zone 3 associated with the River Tean to the north. The area affected includes a section of the A50(T) and a small area to the south between the A50(T) and the A522. The Flood Map does not take into consideration a substantial embankment that elevates the A522 along the northern side of the A50(T) thereby creating a barrier to the movement of flood water. As a result, the flooding indicated on the Flood Map would not happen in reality and consequently the Flood Map is not considered representative of reality in this situation.
To address this, hydraulic modelling of the River Tean and its floodplain have been undertaken using more accurate ground level information. This has shown that the 1 in 100- year +20% floodplain is currently contained entirely to the north of the A50(T) and A522 with no parts of either of these roads flooded.
There are a number of ditches and small watercourses that flow through the proposed works area and into the River Tean. An assessment has been undertaken to establish whether these could act as pathways to allow flood water to affect land further to the south. It is been determined that ground levels further to the south are sufficiently high to wholly contain any flood water that backs up the channels and not to flood the surrounding land.
7.2.3
The Environment Agency surface water flooding map indicates a number of areas with and close to the proposed works site as being at risk of surface water flooding. These areas are associated with the ditches and small watercourses that drain the area and land further to the south, and act as flow paths for surface water flooding.
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7.2.4
Based on information supplied by Staffordshire County Council, the surface water run-off from the A50(T) and A522 is drained via a pipe network into the various land drainage ditches and small watercourses before being discharged into the River Tean. There is no indication of any flow controls or storage being present within the system hence it is assumed that the highways in this area currently have an unrestricted discharge into the River Tean.
7.2.5
The River Tean adjacent to the proposed works site has been assessed by the Environment Agency to have moderate ecological quality and good chemical quality. This status is predicted to remain unchanged into the future. The River Dove, into which the River Tean flows a short distance downstream of the site, is identified as having bad ecological quality. Both the River Tean and the River Dove are considered to be at risk of deterioration in water quality.
The water quality in the smaller watercourses within the site has not been assessed and no other information is available regarding these. It would be reasonable to assume, given the highway drainage that has been shown to discharge into these, that they are potentially at risk of pollution from highway run-off.
7.2.6
According to Environment Agency information, the proposed works site is not located within any Source Protection Zones. The aquifers beneath the site in the superficial deposits and bedrock are classified as Secondary A and Secondary B aquifers respectively. Groundwater within the aquifers is considered to be good quality but potentially at risk from pollution.
The British Geological Survey GeoIndex shows that the superficial deposits beneath the site comprise sands and gravels with some clay and silt. This stratum is potentially permeable thereby allowing water from the surface to infiltrate and reach groundwater. The bedrock is identified as Mudstone which has limited permeability.
7.3.1
Water Framework Directive
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is a European Union directive designed to improve and integrate the way water, from all sources, is managed throughout Europe. In the UK, much of the implementation work is undertaken by competent authorities such as the Environment Agency and Local Authorities. It came into force in December 2000 and was transposed into UK law in 2003. Member States are required to achieve good chemical and ecological status for their inland and coastal waters by 2015.
Making Space for Water
Following the issue of the Water Framework Directive, the UK Government commissioned Making Space for Water in 2005. The aim of the document is to manage the risks resulting from flooding and coastal erosion by employing an integrated portfolio of approaches that reflect both national and local priorities. The broad intentions are to:
Reduce the threat to people and their property;
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Deliver the greatest environmental, social and economic benefit, consistent with the Government’s sustainable development principles; and
Secure efficient and reliable funding mechanisms that deliver the levels of investment required to achieve the vision of this strategy.
National Planning Policy Framework
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and its associated Technical Guide were introduced in March 2012, and included the government’s spatial planning policy with regard to development and flood risk. These documents superseded are a broad range of Planning Policy Statements including PPS25 Development & Flood Risk. The NPPF and its associated Technical Guide retain many of the previous design principles and standards included in PPS25 and its related Practice Guide.
The NPPF aims to ensure that flood risk is taken into account by all relevant statutory bodies from regional to local authority planning departments to avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding and to direct development away from areas of highest risk. Where new development is, exceptionally necessary in high risk areas, the policy framework aims to make it safe, ensure that it will not increase flood risk elsewhere and, where possible, reduce overall flood risk in the local area.
Local authorities should only consider development in flood risk areas as appropriate where it is informed by a site-specific Flood Risk Assessment, based upon the Environment Agency’s Standing Advice on flood risk. The Assessment should identify and assess the risks of all forms of flooding to and from the development and demonstrate how flood risks will be managed so that the development remains safe throughout its lifetime, taking climate change into account.
The NPPF Technical Guide includes a hierarchy of flood risk management which is reproduced in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1: Flood risk management hierarchy
Approach What it means
Undertake studies to collect data at the appropriate scale and level of detail to understand 1 Assess the level of flood risk.
Allocate development to areas of least risk and apportion development types vulnerable 2 Avoidance/Prevention to the impact of flooding to areas of least flood risk.
Substitute less vulnerable development types for those incompatible with the degree of 3 Substitution flood risk present.
Implement flood risk management measures to reduce the impact of new development on 4 Control flood frequency and use appropriate design.
5 Mitigation Implement measures to mitigate residual risks.
The NPPF Technical Guide also defines spatial flood risk zones based on the annual exceedance probability (AEP) of fluvial flooding occurring:
Flood Zone 1 Low probability <0.1% AEP fluvial and tidal
Flood Zone 2 Medium probability 0.1-1.0% AEP fluvial or 0.5-0.1% AEP tidal
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Flood Zone 3a High probability 1-5% AEP fluvial or >0.5% AEP tidal
Flood Zone 3b Functional floodplain >5% AEP fluvial
Development should be directed as far as is practicable towards Flood Zone 1 areas to avoid flood risk wherever possible. For any proposed development, if the site area is greater than 1ha, a Flood Risk Assessment will be required to address design issues related to the control of surface water runoff and climate change, as well as considering any other potential sources of flood risk.
7.3.2
The Flood and Water Management Act sets out how flood and coastal risk management in England and Wales will be managed in the future, and provides the basis for a new legislative framework supporting a more integrated approach to water and drainage management.
The intentions of the Act are summarised below:
Deliver improved security, service and sustainability for people and their communities;
Clarify responsibilities for managing all sources of flood risk;
Protect essential water supplies by enabling water companies to control more non- essential uses of water during droughts;
Modernise the law for managing the safety of reservoirs;
Encourage more sustainable forms of drainage in new developments through new arrangements for adoption and future operation of such features; and
Make it easier to resolve misconnections to sewers.
7.3.3
East Staffordshire Adopted Local Plan 2006
The East Staffordshire Local Plan was adopted in 2006. In 2009, following a review of the Plan, a number of the policies contained within it were removed as they were considered no longer to be relevant. The remaining policies were saved until the new Local Plan, which is currently being prepared, is adopted. None of the policies relating to flood risk and drainage were saved.
The following issues have been addressed within this chapter:
Flood risk;
Surface water drainage;
Water quality.
The assessment methodology of these issues has primarily involved a desk study to collate relevant information, and applying appropriate analytical methods to predict the impact of the proposed junction improvements. Details of the specific assessment methodology and significance criteria for each issue stated above are given below.
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7.4.1
The assessment of the impact of flood risk is based on the Flood Risk Assessment that is being prepared for the proposed junction improvement scheme in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework. This document identifies and quantifies the risk of flooding from the various sources both to and from the proposed scheme. The Flood Risk Assessment draws on information obtained from the Environment Agency, Staffordshire County Council, the East Staffordshire Level 1 and 2 Strategic Flood Risk Assessments together with the 2013 update, and site observations.
Following an initial review to determine the likely significance of the various sources of flooding that could affect or be affected by the proposed scheme, fluvial and surface water flooding are deemed to be the most significant sources. The flood risk associated with fluvial sources has been assessed using hydraulic modelling techniques. The risk associated with surface water has been assessed qualitatively using available information.
A summary of the significance criteria used to assess the flood risk impact is given in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Flood risk impact significance criteria
Criteria Impact significance Fluvial Surface water
Change of risk resulting in a change of more High Significant change in surface water run-off. than one Flood Zone e.g. Zone 1 – 3 or 3 – 1.
Change of risk resulting in a change of a single Medium Moderate change in surface water run-off. Flood Zone.
Change in risk of insufficient magnitude to Low Small change in surface water run-off. change the Flood Zone.
Very small change in risk insufficient to cause a Very small change in surface water run-off but with Minimal noticeable effect. no noticeable effect.
No change No change in flood risk. No change in surface water run-off.
7.4.2
The Environment Agency and Staffordshire County Council have been consulted regarding the surface water drainage strategy for the proposed junction improvement scheme. The Flood Risk Assessment provides details of the existing conditions and the proposed surface water drainage strategy thus enabling the impact of the proposed scheme on the local surface water drainage and sewerage system to be assessed.
A summary of the significance criteria used to assess the impact of and from the local surface water drainage systems is shown in Table 7.3.
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Table 7.3: Surface water drainage impact significance criteria
Criteria Impact significance Surface water drainage (excluding pipework Surface water sewerage and sewers)
Change in both flow rate and volume of surface System requires large-scale works to High water entering the existing system sufficient to operate within recognised standards. require capacity upgrades.
Change in both flow rate and volume of surface System requires localised works to operate Medium water entering the existing system but insufficient to within recognised standards. require capacity upgrades.
Change in system behaviour not requiring Change in volume of surface water entering the Low any works to accommodate. existing system with flow rates maintained.
Very small change in system behaviour Very small change in flow rates and/or volumes Minimal with no noticeable adverse effects. insufficient to affect system performance.
No change in flow rates or volumes entering the No change No changes needed to existing system. existing system.
7.4.3
The assessment of the likely impact of the proposed junction improvement scheme on water quality considers both watercourses and groundwater.
Highway run-off is currently discharged into the River Tean via a number of drainage ditches. Information relating to the quality of the River Tean is limited. The assessment has been based on data obtained from the Environment Agency website. This information is primarily qualitative.
To date, there have been no ground investigation works undertaken hence the quality of the groundwater at the location of the proposed works is currently unknown. The assessment has been based on information obtained from the Environment Agency website regarding the vulnerability of the groundwater to pollution. As with the watercourse quality information, this data is primarily qualitative.
The assessment of the likely impact of the proposed junction improvement scheme on water quality will be qualitative. Details of the corresponding impact significance criteria are given in Table 7.4.
Table 7.4: Water quality impact significance criteria
Criteria Impact significance Watercourses Groundwater
Change in both ecological and chemical Change in both chemical and quantitative water High water quality. quality.
Change in either ecological or chemical Change in either chemical or quantitative water Medium water quality. quality.
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Low Minor change in water quality. Minor change in water quality.
Potential for a slight change in water Minimal Potential for a slight change in water quality. quality.
No change No change in quality. No change in quality.
7.5.1
The construction of the proposed junction improvements will involve some activities along the edge of the area identified as being the River Tean floodplain. The majority of these works will comprise earthworks which may be vulnerable to damage from flooding until they are completed. In addition, any plant remaining within the floodplain during a flood event may be damaged. The likelihood of a substantial flood event occurring within the duration of the works is considered to be low hence the impact on construction activities of flooding from the River Tean is low.
In order to mitigate this impact, construction activities within the floodplain should be kept to a minimum with plant and materials stored in areas above the 1 in 100-year +20% flood level to prevent damage and limit any temporary loss of floodplain volume. Any partially completed earthworks will remain vulnerable to flooding during a significant event. On this basis, the impact on construction activities once these measures are implemented is considered to remain as low.
The construction activities involve the placement of material within the area identified as being the floodplain of the River Tean. This will result in a temporary loss of floodplain volume, which, should a flood event occur, could cause floodwater to be displaced and worsen flooding elsewhere, or cause flooding in areas that otherwise may not be affected. The likelihood of a substantial flood event during construction is low; however, the consequences of displacing flood water are significant. On this basis, the impact of loss of floodplain volume during construction is considered to be medium.
The loss of floodplain volume due to the placement of materials within the floodplain during construction can be mitigated by programming the works to enable the proposed floodplain compensation scheme to be constructed before fill is placed or simultaneously with fill operations. This will ensure that the floodplain storage volume remains unchanged throughout the works. Stockpiling materials on the floodplain will not be permitted. These mitigation measures reduce the impact of lost floodplain volume during construction to minimal.
The proposed works necessitate the diversion of several existing ditches and small watercourses, modifications to existing culverts and the creation of new culverts. These ditches and watercourses are an important part of the drainage system serving the land to the south of the proposed works. Disruption of these flow paths while the diversions and modifications are undertaken would result in flooding within the proposed works and potentially, in extreme circumstances, on the A50(T). As the resultant flooding has the potential to affect a major road, the impact of disruptions to flows in the ditches and watercourses is considered to be medium.
Careful planning of works sequencing and the use of temporary features will allow the impacts associated with the disruption of flows in the ditches and smaller watercourses to be mitigated. This will ensure that a flow path through the works is maintained at all times. The Contractor must ensure that any temporary works that are used will have sufficient capacity to convey the anticipated flows. A risk remains of a rainfall event that generates sufficiently high flows to overwhelm any temporary measures with consequential flooding; therefore, the impact of
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disruption of the ditches and watercourses, once these mitigation measures are implemented, is reduced to low.
7.5.2
The existing watercourses through the proposed works site are identified as surface water flow corridors. The proposed works involve working close to these watercourses hence there is a risk of them being affected by flooding. This would disrupt activities and potentially damage any partially completed work, in particular earthworks. Any materials stored in the flooded area may also be damaged. The risk of a severe event occurring is considered to be low; however, a small rainfall event could still result in disruption hence the impact on construction activities from surface water flooding is considered to be low.
To mitigate this impact, construction activities within areas identified as being at risk of surface water flooding should be kept to a minimum. Materials and plant must be stored outside of these areas. It may be possible to implement measures to divert potential surface water flows around any sensitive works until they completed and able to withstand a flood event. On this basis, the impact of surface water flooding on construction activities once these mitigation measures are implemented is considered to reduce to minimal.
Construction activities will disrupt the ground surface and hence could block or divert existing surface water flow paths. This could increase the flood risk experienced by existing properties and other infrastructure in the area. As a result, the impact of construction activities on surface water flood risk in the area is considered to be medium.
During construction, to mitigate the potential impact of surface water flooding, the creation of depressions where surface water run-off could accumulate should be minimised although it is unlikely that this can be avoided altogether. Measures such as temporary cut-off drains will be used to intercept flows and direct them towards existing drainage ditches or alternative flow paths in a manner that will not adversely affect flood risk in the wider area. These mitigation measures, once residual effects have been taken into consideration, reduce the impact of construction activities on surface water flooding to low.
7.5.3
The primary risk to existing surface water drainage systems during construction is silt being washed into the pipework. The silt will be conveyed to the sewers by run-off flowing over disturbed soil surfaces. Silt may accumulate over time and progressively reduce flow capacity within the pipeline which can lead to surcharging of and possible flooding from any upstream sections of pipework. This may result in flooding on adjacent sections of the A50(T). On this basis, the impact of construction activities on surface water drainage is considered to be medium.
The primary mitigation measure for this impact is the control of sediment arising from construction activities entering the existing drainage system. Silt trapping measures such as sedimentation basins will be required to mitigate this risk. Additionally, to control the quantity of silt washed into the drainage system from the public highway, a regime of road sweeping in conjunction with wheel washing for all construction vehicles will be implemented. The receiving highway drains and surface water sewers must be inspected regularly throughout the works to identify if there is any accumulation of silt and remove it if necessary. These measures mean that the impact of construction debris on the existing surface water systems can be reduced to minimal.
During construction the existing surface water drainage systems will require modification to suit the new junction layouts. This will involve the removal of some sections of pipework. There is a risk that some parts of the existing drainage system will become disconnected from their outfall hence flooding could occur and affect the construction site and/or adjacent STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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highways, including the A50(T). It is considered that, due to the potential consequences, the impact of disruption of the existing drainage systems during construction is medium.
To mitigate this impact, the works sequencing can be planned to ensure that all drainage routes through the surface water drainage system are maintained at all times. This will prevent sections of the system becoming isolated and flooding occurring. It is possible that some temporary sections of drainage may also be required to ensure continued system operation. The Contractor will be responsible for ensuring that any temporary measures have sufficient capacity to manage the anticipated flows. A risk remains of a rainfall event that generates sufficiently high flows to overwhelm any temporary measures with consequential flooding; therefore, the impact of disruption to the surface water drainage system, once mitigation measures are implemented, is reduced to low.
7.5.4
Construction activities on the site have the potential to cause pollution of the River Tean and the smaller watercourses that flow through the proposed works area. Disturbance of the ground surface and run-off from material storage areas could cause additional silt to be washed into the watercourse. This could cause siltation within channels if it is able to settle out. In addition, suspended material can adversely impact upon any filter feeding organisms within the watercourses and have an adverse impact on the aesthetic appearance.
Other potential pollutants include fuel and oil from construction plant, cement and concrete and other construction-related chemicals. These will have an adverse ecological impact, particularly in terms of the chemical water quality.
On the basis of the above, the impact of construction activities on water quality in adjacent watercourses prior to any mitigation measures being implemented is considered to be high.
During construction, measures will be put in place to limit the amount of silt and other pollutants that are able to reach the various watercourses. Silt can be controlled through the use of traps and sedimentation basins. Filters formed of straw bales with a geotextile wrap can be placed within the smaller watercourses to limit the quantity of silt can be carried downstream and into the River Tean.
The risk of fuel and other oils entering the watercourses can be controlled by limiting where refuelling activities can take place, placing static plant such as pumps on spill trays, ensuring that all plant is well maintained in order to prevent leaks and having spill kits available to clear up any spills. Oil booms will be deployed within the smaller watercourses together with the silt filters to intercept any floating contaminants that enter the channel. Booms may also be used on the River Tean. The impacts associated with other contaminants can be controlled by limiting where materials are stored and ensuring that appropriate containment measures are put in place to limit their movement over the surface of the site.
These mitigation measures are generally reliant on regular maintenance to ensure that they remain effective and site operatives complying with procedures that are put in place. There is also the risk of an accident spill or other release of pollutants that exceeds the capacity of the mitigation measures. On this basis, the mitigation measures allow the impact significance of construction on watercourse water quality to be reduced to low.
7.5.5
During construction, there is a potential risk to groundwater quality as a result of pollutants arising from construction operations and materials being able to infiltrate into the ground. The ground conditions are potentially permeable hence there is a risk that pollutants could reach the aquifer within the superficial deposits. Disruption of the ground surface during construction may create more direct flow paths for infiltrating contaminants to reach the groundwater. On
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this basis, the impact of construction activities on groundwater quality before mitigation measures are implemented is considered to be medium.
During construction, controls must be put in place to reduce the risk of pollutants such as oil, diesel and other construction related chemicals being spilled on the ground surface and then infiltrating. The risk of fuel and other oils being spilled can be controlled by limiting where refuelling activities can take place, placing static plant such as pumps on spill trays, ensuring that all plant is well maintained in order to prevent leaks and having spill kits available to clear up any spills.
The impacts associated with other contaminants can be controlled by limiting where materials are stored and ensuring that appropriate containment measures are put in place to limit the degree of infiltration that can occur. This may involve the use of impermeable membranes over the ground surface, spill trays and other containment measures.
These mitigation measures a generally reliant on regular maintenance to ensure that they remain effective and site operatives complying with procedures that are put in place. There is also the risk of an accidental spill or other release of pollutants that may overwhelm the mitigation measures. On this basis, these measures enable the impact of construction on watercourse water quality to be reduced to low.
7.6.1
The final levels of the completed junction improvements will be above the 1 in 100-year +20% flood level hence the operation of the junction will not be adversely affected in the event of a flood. On this basis, there will be no change in the impact of fluvial flooding on the highway following completion of the works and no mitigation measures are required.
The proposed junction improvements involve a number of highway sections elevated on embankments to facilitate a new bridge across the A50(T). Along the northern side of the proposed works areas, these embankments encroach slightly into the 1 in 100-year +20% floodplain associated with the River Tean. This will permanently reduce the floodplain storage volume available in this area with the consequence that flood water may be displaced elsewhere and cause an adverse change in flood risk. The impact of the loss of floodplain volume and potential displacement of floodwater is considered to be medium.
The proposed junction improvement scheme includes floodplain compensation that ensures all the floodplain volume that is lost due the fill placed on the floodplain is replaced. The floodplain compensation has been designed in accordance with Environment Agency requirements to achieve level-for-level, volume-for-volume floodplain replacement based on 0.2m thick horizontal slices. The resultant floodplain compensation scheme provides a greater volume of floodplain than has been lost due to the fill. Hydraulic modelling has been used to confirm that there are no adverse changes in flood level as a result of the proposed works. The proposed mitigation measures enable the impact of the lost floodplain volume as a result of the works to be reduced to minimal.
7.6.2
The existing and proposed highways are elevated above the level of the surrounding ground hence they will be unaffected by surface water flooding originating from adjacent land. In addition, excess surface water from the highway will tend to flow onto the adjacent land. Therefore, there is no change in the impact of surface water flooding on the operation of the highway hence no mitigation measures are required.
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The proposed junction improvement scheme involves the construction of a number of embankments to elevate the highway to reach a new bridge over the A50(T). These cross a number of the existing surface water flow paths hence they will cause water to accumulate or be diverted elsewhere with the consequential risk of increasing flood risk to adjacent existing properties and the A50(T) itself. The impact of the scheme on flood flow paths is considered to medium.
In order to mitigate the impact of the proposed junction improvement scheme on the existing surface water flood flow paths in the area, culverts beneath the proposed embankments will be provided to ensure continuity of flow paths and prevent accumulation of water. In addition, new channels will be formed to divert flows into the small watercourses. These mitigation measures allow the impact of the proposed scheme on surface water flooding to be reduced to minimal.
7.6.3
The proposed junction improvements result in additional carriageway area that must be drained. The existing highway drains into a number of adjacent ditches and small watercourses, and it is proposed to continue to use these to serve the proposed scheme. The proposed works will result in an increase in flow rates entering the local watercourses and the River Tean with a potential consequential increase in flood risk beyond the works boundary. Due to the number of properties downstream of the site being small, the impact of the additional flow and resultant increase in flood risk is considered to be medium.
The proposed surface water drainage system that will serve the improved junction incorporates flow controls and storage to enable the flow rate discharged into the River Tean via the small watercourses to be limited to the existing, pre-works rate. This will mitigate any increased flood risk associated with the additional carriageway areas hence the impact of the proposed works on the surface water drainage systems is reduced to minimal.
7.6.4
Traffic using the improved junction will deposit oil and other substances on the road surface that will be washed off and eventually enter the watercourses and the River Tean. There is also a risk of an accident resulting in a fuel spillage. The pollutants originating from highway run-off will tend to accumulate within the watercourse environment continuously over time. The duration and potential severity of the pollution over time is such that the impact of pollutants originating from the highway is considered to be high.
The proposed junction improvements include a surface water drainage system incorporating SuDS techniques. These will intercept and treat pollutants that are generated by run-off from the highway. The system is designed to provide two levels of water treatment.
Surface water will be passed through trapped gullies and potentially over filter strips and into filter drains. These will remove suspended solids and also separate out a proportion of any oils that are present. The surface water storage ponds will incorporate reed bed areas which will provide a degree of biological treatment.
The risk remains, albeit small, of a pollution event that could overwhelm the trapping, filtration and treatment capacity of the measures incorporated into the drainage system, such as a large fuel spillage. Under such circumstances it is possible that water quality in the River Tean and other small watercourses could be adversely affected. The proposed drainage system will provide an opportunity to contain any pollutants from a serious event. On this basis, the mitigation measures enable the impact of the proposed junction improvements on watercourse water quality to be reduced to minimal.
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7.6.5
Once the proposed works are completed, all surface water run-off will be managed by the highway drainage system hence the opportunities for highway run-off to enter the groundwater are minimal; therefore, there will be no change in groundwater quality during the operation of proposed scheme and no mitigation measures are required.
The most significant impacts during construction, before the implementation of mitigation measures, are set out below:
Impacts on the proposed works:
o Surface water flooding caused by disruption of existing watercourses and natural drainage paths.
Impacts from the proposed works:
o Loss of floodplain volume due to the placement of fill material before the floodplain compensation is implemented.
o Disruption of surface water flow paths causing flooding on land to the south of the A50(T).
o Silt accumulation within existing surface water drainage pipework.
o Degradation of water quality within local watercourses and groundwater.
Following completion of the proposed works, the most significant impacts, before mitigation measures are considered, are caused by the scheme on the wider area. These are summarised below:
Displacement of flood water due to the construction of embankments within the River Tean floodplain.
Obstruction of existing surface water drainage paths.
Increase in paved area results in additional flows being discharged into the drainage systems and local watercourses, with the potential to worsen flooding elsewhere.
Pollution of local watercourses from contaminated run-off from the carriageway.
Once mitigation measures have been implemented, the most significant residual effects are:
Flooding caused by a rainfall event that overwhelms any temporary measures put in place during construction to divert existing watercourses and surface water flow routes.
Potential pollution of local watercourses and/or groundwater from construction materials, fuel spillages and contaminated run-off from the highway carriageway.
During construction, the proposed highway scheme is both impacted by and impacts upon the surrounding water environment. The key impacts are associated with loss of floodplain volume, flooding risk from surface water flows, silt accumulation within surface water pipework and pollution of local watercourses and groundwater. STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Once the works are completed, the scheme continues to impact on the wider water environment; however, there are no significant impacts on the scheme itself. The key impacts are associated with the loss of floodplain volume, flooding from surface water, increased flows being discharged into the local drainage system and pollution of local watercourses.
A range of mitigation measures are proposed for both the construction and operation phases of the proposed scheme. These include:
Careful storage of construction materials and plant to ensure that they are not damaged in the event of a flood. The materials will also be appropriately contained to ensure that they do not cause a pollution incident if immersed in the floodwater.
Programming of the proposed works to ensure that the floodplain compensation scheme is implemented prior to any fill being placed within areas identified as being floodplain.
Planning of works sequences to ensure continuity of drainage paths (watercourses and overland flow paths) through the proposed works areas. This may include the use of temporary features such as ditches, cut-off drains etc.
Maintain a regime of inspecting existing sewers within and adjacent to the works area throughout construction to check for damage and accumulation of debris. If any defects are identified, these must be rectified.
Sediment control measures, wheel washing and regular road sweeping will be put in place at all site access points to limit the amount of soil and other material that could be washed into the local sewerage system.
Watercourse water quality will be maintained through the use of silt traps and filter, sedimentation basins, controls on vehicle refuelling, use of spill trays, regular plant maintenance to control leaks, floating oil booms and having spill kits available to contain any pollutants. Similar measures will be used to ensure groundwater is not polluted.
Implementation of a permanent floodplain compensation scheme to replace the floodplain volume lost due to the proposed embankments. This will be designed to provide the replacement volume on a level-for-level, volume-for-volume basis.
The maximum discharge rate into the River Tean and other small watercourses following completion of the scheme will be limited to the existing greenfield equivalent run-off rate thereby avoiding any adverse change in downstream flood risk.
The proposed highway drainage system will incorporate SuDS techniques to intercept, store and treat surface water run-off before it is discharged into the local watercourse network.
These allow the various impacts to be addressed as far as is practicable. In some cases, a residual risk remains; however, the mitigation measures attempt to ensure that the likelihood of such an event occurring is low and that the consequences will be adequately managed to limit any impact.
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The noise element of this ES chapter was prepared by Staffordshire County Council (SCC) and the vibration element by URS Infrastructure & Environment Ltd.
Staffordshire County Council acting as agents for the Highways Agency proposes to undertake improvements to the A50(T) and A522 at Uttoxeter. The works involve the provision of new grade separated junction with the A522, re-alignment of local roads and closure of two existing access and egress junctions.
The purpose of this section of the Environmental Statement is to assess the noise impacts associated with the proposed highway improvements on noise sensitive locations.
The assessment of noise and vibration impacts has been undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11, section 3, Part 7 Noise and Vibration (HD 213/11).
Road traffic noise levels have been predicted in accordance with the guidance contained in Calculation of Road Traffic Noise, 1988 (CRTN) as published by the Department of Transport/Welsh Office 1988.
During the scoping assessment the local authority Environmental Health Department (EHD) was consulted regarding the procedure to be adopted for undertaking the EIA.
8.2.1
Road traffic noise levels are expressed in ‘A’ weighted decibels usually shown as dB(A). The decibel is a measure of the loudness of sound and the ‘A’ weighting adjusts the measure of loudness to give comparatively more weight to the frequencies which the human ear is more sensitive to.
To provide guidance on the perception of ‘A’ weighted sound at certain levels, 25 to 30 dB is about the level of noise in a bedroom at night, 40 dB in a rural location, 50 to 55 dB in a busy office, 60 dB a normal verbal conversation, 70 dB a busy road and 90 to 95 dB standing on a motorway hard shoulder.
Traffic noise is a major source of noise affecting people in many situations; including in their homes, both during the daytime and during the night-time. World Health Organisation (WHO) reports suggest that there is evidence to link health effects with prolonged exposure to high noise levels.
There are a number of factors which contribute to changes in traffic noise. These include road alignment, speed and volume of traffic, composition of light and heavy vehicles and type of road surface type. Distance, type of ground, screening and reflection also influence the level of noise.
The index used in the UK for assessing road traffic noise during the daytime is LA10 18hr level. This is the mean of the level of noise exceeded for 10% of the time in each of the 18 1 hour periods between 6.00 am and midnight (0600-000).
The perception to the level of noise change differs dependent on whether it is a sudden change or a change over a longer period of time. A change in road traffic noise of 1 dB LA10 18hr is the smallest that is considered perceptible in the short term, e.g. the opening of a new road. Over a longer period of time e.g. 15 years after new road opens, a change of 3 dB LA10 18hr is considered perceptible. STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Tables 8.1 and 8.2 provided below are extracts from DMRB, which classify the perception of noise change.
Table 8.1: Classification of Magnitude of Noise Impacts - Short Term (source DMRB) Noise change LA10 18hr Magnitude of Impact 0 No change 0.1 to 0.9 Negligible 1 to 2.9 Minor 3 to 4.9 Moderate Greater than 5 Major
Table 8.2: Classification of Magnitude of Noise Impacts - Long Term (source DMRB) Noise change LA10 18hr Magnitude of Impact 0 No change 0.1 to 2.9 Negligible 3 to 4.9 Minor 5 to 9.9 Moderate Greater than 10 Major
8.2.2
Limited guidance is available for noise at night time. Night noise guidelines for Europe were published in 2009 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). These provides details for a night noise guideline level (NNG) in order to protect the public including vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and chronically ill people from the adverse health effects of night noise.
The WHO report recognises that in some situations achieving the NNG may not be feasible and therefore provides an interim target (IT) level. The two levels are shown in table 83 below.
Table 8.3: WHO recommended night time noise levels Target LA (2300-0700) external Interim target level 55 dB Night noise guideline level 40 dB
8.2.3
Significant noise impacts can occur in the phase leading up to the opening of a new road as a result of construction operations. The assessment of construction noise is generally carried out in accordance with the guidance contained in BS5228: Part 13: “Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites”.
The Noise Insulation Regulations provide for Highway Authorities to offer noise insulation grants to occupiers of residential properties that would be seriously affected by noise from the construction of a new road for a substantial period of time.
8.2.4
For road traffic vehicles, airborne vibration is generally produced by low frequency noise from engines, transmission units and exhausts. It is especially prevalent in heavy goods vehicles and other large vehicles such as buses.
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Airborne vibration within buildings can causes windows, doors and other parts of a building structure to rattle. Generally, it is only perceived at positions which are close to the edge of a road and tend to occur more frequently alongside existing roads than new roads.
Airborne vibration is closely linked to traffic noise levels and can therefore be adequately assessed based on predicted levels of traffic noise
Ground-borne vibration is generated by the interaction of vehicle tyres with the carriageway surface and is unlikely to be a significant issue with newly constructed highways provided that they are maintained to a good standard.
The noise and vibration assessment has been carried out with reference to the guidance documents as given below:
(i) Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11, section 3, Part 7 Noise and Vibration (HD 213/11); (ii) Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) (Department of Transport, 1988); (iii) The Noise Insulation Regulations 1975 (as amended 1988) (iv) World Health Organisation, (WHO), Guidelines for Community Noise, 1999; (iv) BS 5228:2009 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites
Local Authority Consultation
East Staffordshire Borough Council (ESBC) have agreed the following with regards to the assessment of vibration for the proposed Scheme (email from Martyn Manning, Senior Pollution Officer to Robert Colder of URS, 06/02/2014):
The operation of the proposed development will not give rise to significant levels of vibration so an operational assessment has been scoped out.
Should plant producing high levels of vibration be used (piling rigs, vibratory rollers etc.) close to residential properties then vibration levels during construction will be calculated using the data and procedures given in BS 5228: 2009 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control from construction and open sites’.
Predicted construction vibration levels at sensitive receptors will be assessed against the criteria given in BS 5228-2: 2009 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control from construction and open sites’, for nuisance and cosmetic damage.
8.4.1
The road traffic noise and vibration assessment for these improvements has been undertaken in accordance with the methodology detailed in DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 7: Traffic Noise and Vibration 2011.
The actual area which is to be assessed is known as the study area. This is defined in section 11:3:7 of DMRB as being the area which is within 1 kilometre of new, improved or existing routes which are being by passed or improved between the start and end of the proposed scheme.
Within the 1 km boundary, noise predictions are required within 600 metres of the carriageway of the identified routes and within 600 metres of any other affected routes within the 1 kilometre boundary.
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For the purpose of this assessment the study area is defined as the area extending to 600 metres from the proposed new alignment of the A522 and new carriageway works associated with works to the A50.
The DMRB process has three levels of assessment; scoping, simple and detailed. The type of assessment methodology used is determined by certain threshold criteria being met and by the flowchart shown in figure A1.1 of DMRB. For the purpose of this scheme, this assessment is defined as being ‘detailed’
The procedure is required to assess the change in road traffic noise levels at noise sensitive receptors for a number of scenarios based around Do Minimum and Do Something options for the baseline year and the future assessment year.
The three scenarios that have used in the assessment are detailed below:
(i) Do Minimum 2015 (DM2015) to Do Minimum 2030 (DM2030); (ii) Do Minimum 2015 (DM2015) to Do Something 2015 (DS2015); (iii) Do Minimum 2015 (DM2015) to Do Something 2030 (DM2030).
The process also requires a noise nuisance assessment to be undertaken for properties where a noise change of 1 dB or more is predicted. It determines the highest nuisance levels expected during the first 15 years after completion of the improvements in terms of the percentage of people who would be “bothered very much or quite a lot” by the new level of noise.
8.4.2
Predictions have been carried out using the method detailed in the Calculation of Road Traffic Noise published by Department of Transport.
A noise model was established using noise modelling software known as ‘NoiseMap. This calculates predicted noise levels fully in accordance with the calculation methodology given in CRTN.
The model is created using ground contour data, ground type, building heights, road alignment and detailed traffic data. The sources of the information include Ordnance Survey Master Map, scheme design data and on-site observations.
Construction Vibration Impact
In general the construction works with the greatest potential to generate vibration are for the piling of foundations. Piling is a potential source of ground borne vibration and as such has the potential to disturb occupants of buildings close to the location of the piling works.
It is likely that piling will be required for the construction of bridges within the Scheme. Rotary bored piling would produce the lowest level of vibration and drop hammer driven piling would produce the highest. Therefore, since the piling method has not yet been defined, predictions for both options have been considered.
There are no accepted formulae for the prediction of the passage of vibration through ground due to the non-uniform effects of different ground conditions, although some empirical formulae have been proposed for known ground conditions based on previously measured data.
The vibration peak particle velocity (ppv) due to piling of foundations has been estimated at the closest potentially sensitive receptor to an overbridge, Parks’ Farm Bungalow using vibration data reported in BS 5228. It should be noted that farm out-buildings are situated closer to the overbridge and vibration levels may be higher within these buildings than the residential property.
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8.4.3 Assessment of Construction Vibration Significance
Guidance on the human response to vibration is provided in BS 5228-2. Table 8.4 provides the guidance in BS 5228 and the associated significance given to the effect. The vibration levels are provided in terms of peak particle velocity (ppv).
Table 8.4. BS 5228 guidance and the associated significance given to the effect Vibration Level (ppv mms-1) Effect Significance Vibration might be just perceptible in the most sensitive situations for most vibration frequencies associated with 0.14 Negligible construction. At lower frequencies, people are less sensitive to vibration Vibration might be just perceptible in residential 0.3 Minor environments It is likely that vibration of this level in residential 1 environments will cause complaint, but can be tolerated if Moderate prior warning and explanation has been given to residents Vibration is likely to be intolerable for any more than a very 10 Major brief exposure to this level
Vibration effects in terms of building damage have been scoped out of the assessment due to the high levels of vibration required to result in even cosmetic damage.
8.5.1
Traffic data used in the assessment has been obtained from a number of sources and factored to convert to standard 18 hour flows as required by CRTN.
The sources of traffic data are given in table 8.5 below
Table 8.5. Sources of Traffic data Source Description A50(T) Uttoxeter - A50(T) Project A - TA AADT flows for baseline and future years. Transport Assessment Report by JMP 28 April 2014 Connect Historic volume data for A50(T) Staffs CC highway data team Classified historic data for A522
Traffic data used in the assessment for the Do Minimum and Do Something Scenarios for the opening year and design year are detailed in tables 8.6 and 8.7 below.
Table 8.6. Traffic data used in the assessment for the Do Minimum and Do Something Scenarios for the opening year and design year Do Minimum Do Minimum Flow Road link 2015 2015 2015 2030 2030 2030 reference 18hr Speed HGV 18hr Speed HGV AAWT Km/h % AAWT Km/h % A50(T) west of A522 1,5 52,325 70 11 59,188 70 11 A50(T) east of A522 3,5 53,787 70 11 59,591 70 11 A522 NW of A50(T) 7 11,875 60 5 14,362 60 5
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A522 SE of A50(T) 10 10,115 60 5 12,747 60 5 New Road (east) 11 9,923 60 3 13,512 60 3
Table 8.7. Traffic data used in the assessment for the Do Something Scenarios for the opening year and design year Do Something Do Something Flow Road link 2015 2015 2015 2030 2030 2030 reference 18hr Speed HGV 18hr Speed HGV AAWT Km/h % AAWT Km/h % A50(T) west of A522 1,6 52,718 70 11 58,330 70 11 A50(T) east of A522 3,4 56,029 70 11 58,484 70 11 A522 NW of A50(T) 7 12,025 60 5 15,656 60 5 A522 SE of A50(T) 10 7,909 60 5 13,323 60 5 New Road (east) 11 7,909 60 3 13,323 60 3
8.5.2
Baseline conditions have been established by means of computer modelling to produce predictions. The procedure follows that detailed in section 8.4.2.
To provide some verification of the predicted results and for the identifying of baseline noise levels where the influence from existing traffic noise is low, a noise monitoring exercise was undertaken.
The noise monitoring exercise was carried out between February and April 2014 at six locations considered representative of the local noise sensitive receptors. The measurement periods were two hours at two locations and between one and three days at the other locations.
The following instrumentation was used for the noise survey work: (i) Bruel & Kjaer Integrating sound level meter B&K 2238. (ii) ½” prepolarised condenser microphone B&K 4188. (iii) Bruel & Kjaer 4230 calibrator.
A summary of the baseline noise monitoring is given in table 8.8 below. All readings are free- field.
Table 8.8. Summary of the baseline noise monitoring 1 2 3 2 3 Location LA10 (18hr) LAeq (Day) LAeq (Night) LA90 (Day) LA90 (Night) dB dB dB dB dB A 12 Torrance Grove 58 58 50 54 44 B 6 Tunnicliffe Way 47 47 44 41 37 C West View, New Road 67 65 58 58 48 D 4 Davies Drive 58 57 53 52 46 Public footpath E 4 60 59 n/a n/a n/a Tunnicliffe Way Davies Drive F 5 59 58 n/a n/a n/a Community Park
1) 18 hour 0600-0000. 2) Day 0700-2300. 3) Night 2300-0700 4) 0815-1015 5) 1030-1230
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There are no significant sources of ground borne vibration to residential receptors. Road traffic is not recognised as a source of high ground borne vibration levels, unless specific road surface irregularities are evident.
The modelling procedure for the operational phase of the scheme is as described in section 8.5.2.
The methodology undertaken determines the noise level at receptors for the baseline year (2015) and design year (2030) for both the Do Minimum and Do Something scheme options.
8.7.1
Predictions have been carried out for a total of 1,617 sensitive receptors within the study area.
Table 8.9 below provides a summary of results of the noise sensitive receptors affected by the scheme proposals. A minimum noise level of 50 dB has been used as being representative of the ambient level where predicted noise levels are less than 50 dB. Full predicted results are shown in Appendices A and B.
The predicted noise levels are based on first floor façade with a receptor height of 4.0 metres above ground level. This represents the worst case for two storey buildings. For single storey dwellings, noise levels would be slightly lower. The most exposed facade for each receptor has been used in the assessment process.
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Table 8.9. Predicted noise levels for opening year, 2015 Do Minimum Do Something Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2015 change (see table 2.1) dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr 1 Ashdene New Road (N) 72.6 72.3 -0.3 Negligible benefit 2 West View New Road (N) 69.1 65.7 -3.4 Moderate benefit 3 Brook House New Road (N) 70.1 66.5 -3.6 Moderate benefit 4 Malt House New Road (N) 69.5 66.4 -3.1 Moderate benefit 5 Hawthorn House New Road (N) 69.1 66.3 -2.8 Minor benefit 6 Parks Cottage New Road (N) 68.7 66.1 -2.6 Minor benefit 7 Longmead New Road (N) 69.1 66.3 -2.8 Minor benefit 8 Westfield House New Road (N 69.9 66.7 -3.2 Moderate benefit 9 Anfield House Farm (W) 65.3 63.3 -2.0 Minor benefit 10 Park View Farm (E) 59.4 59.1 -0.3 Negligible benefit 11 1 Davies Drive (N) 59.3 59.0 -0.3 Negligible benefit 12 3 Davies Drive (N) 59.0 58.7 -0.3 Negligible benefit 13 5 Davies Drive (N) 57.7 57.8 0.1 Negligible adverse 14 7 Davies Drive (N) 57.4 57.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 15 9 Davies Drive (N) 57.5 57.3 -0.2 Negligible benefit 16 11 Davies Drive (N) 57.7 57.3 -0.4 Negligible benefit 17 4 Davies Drive (N) 69.2 69.4 0.2 Negligible adverse 18 6 Davies Drive (N) 69.3 69.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 19 8 Davies Drive (N) 69.3 69.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 20 10 Davies Drive (N) 69.5 69.7 0.2 Negligible adverse 21 12 Davies Drive (N) 69.4 69.6 0.2 Negligible adverse 22 14 Davies Drive (N) 69.0 69.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 23 16 Davies Drive (N) 69.3 69.4 0.1 Negligible adverse 24 18 Davies Drive (N) 69.0 68.9 -0.1 Negligible benefit 25 20 Davies Drive (N) 69.1 68.9 -0.2 Negligible benefit 26 22 Davies Drive (N) 68.9 68.6 -0.3 Negligible benefit 27 24 Davies Drive (N) 69.0 68.4 -0.6 Negligible benefit 28 26 Davies Drive (N) 68.8 67.9 -0.9 Negligible benefit 29 28 Davies Drive (N) 68.7 67.6 -1.1 Minor benefit 30 30 Davies Drive (W) 64.6 62.5 -2.1 Minor benefit 31 32 Davies Drive (W) 64.2 62.1 -2.1 Minor benefit 32 34 Davies Drive (W) 62.1 60.0 -2.1 Minor benefit 33 36 Davies Drive (W) 61.7 59.7 -2.0 Minor benefit 34 5 Bentley Road (N) 66.4 66.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 35 7 Bentley Road (N) 66.5 66.6 0.1 Negligible adverse 36 9 Bentley Road (N) 66.4 66.3 -0.1 Negligible benefit 37 11 Bentley Road (N) 65.8 65.6 -0.2 Negligible benefit 38 13 Bentley Road (N) 64.4 64.3 -0.1 Negligible benefit 39 15 Bentley Road (N) 63.5 63.3 -0.2 Negligible benefit 40 15 Bentley Road (N) 62.0 61.7 -0.3 Negligible benefit 41 19 Bentley Road (N) 60.8 60.7 -0.1 Negligible benefit 42 21 Bentley Road (N) 58.9 59.1 0.2 Negligible adverse 43 23 Bentley Road (N) 58.6 58.7 0.1 Negligible adverse 44 1 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.4 55.9 -2.5 Minor benefit 45 3 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.8 56.5 -2.3 Minor benefit 46 5 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.6 56.5 -2.1 Minor benefit
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Do Minimum Do Something Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2015 change (see table 2.1) dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr 47 7 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.4 56.6 -1.8 Minor benefit 48 9 Elmwood Grove (N) 57.5 56.6 -0.9 Negligible benefit 49 11 Elmwood Grove (N) 57.0 56.5 -0.5 Negligible benefit 50 13 Elmwood Grove (NW) 54.2 54.1 -0.1 Negligible benefit 51 15 Elmwood Grove (NW) 53.4 53.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 52 2 Elmwood Grove (W) 51.4 51.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 53 4 Elmwood Grove (W) 51.5 51.7 0.2 Negligible adverse 54 6 Elmwood Grove (W) 54.5 53.2 -1.3 Minor benefit 55 8 Elmwood Grove (W) 51.4 51.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 56 10 Elmwood Grove (W) 51.6 51.9 0.3 Negligible adverse 57 12 Elmwood Grove (N) 65.5 63.2 -2.3 Minor benefit 58 14 Elmwood Grove (N) 65.2 62.9 -2.3 Minor benefit 59 16 Elmwood Grove (N) 64.9 62.7 -2.2 Minor benefit 60 18 Elmwood Grove (N) 64.4 62.4 -2.0 Minor benefit 61 20 Elmwood Grove (N) 64.1 62.2 -1.9 Minor benefit 62 22 Elmwood Grove (N) 63.7 61.8 -1.9 Minor benefit 63 24 Elmwood Grove (W) 56.3 56.3 0.0 No change 64 26 Elmwood Grove (W) 55.8 55.8 0.0 No change 65 28 Elmwood Grove (E) 59.3 58.8 -0.5 Negligible benefit 66 28 Elmwood Grove (W) 59.8 59.0 -0.8 Negligible benefit 67 32 Elmwood Grove (E) 60.2 58.7 -1.5 Minor benefit 68 1 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 69.8 66.7 -3.1 Moderate benefit 69 3 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 69.6 66.7 -2.9 Minor benefit 70 5 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 69.4 66.4 -3.0 Moderate benefit 71 7 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 69.2 66.2 -3.0 Moderate benefit 72 9 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 56.3 54.5 -1.8 Minor benefit 73 11 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 55.6 54.1 -1.5 Minor benefit 74 15 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 55.5 54.0 -1.5 Minor benefit 75 17 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 55.5 54.3 -1.2 Minor benefit 76 19 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 55.1 54.1 -1.0 Minor benefit 77 21 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 53.4 55.3 1.9 Minor adverse 78 23 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.7 54.5 1.8 Minor adverse 79 25 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.4 53.9 1.5 Minor adverse 80 27 Tunnicliffe Way (NE) 53.6 53.8 0.2 Negligible adverse 81 29 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 52.0 52.0 0.0 No change 82 31 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 52.0 51.7 -0.3 Negligible benefit 83 33 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 52.8 52.4 -0.4 Negligible benefit 84 35 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 51.9 51.7 -0.2 Negligible benefit 85 37 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 53.7 53.5 -0.2 Negligible benefit 86 39 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 53.4 54.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 87 41 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 53.6 54.0 0.4 Negligible adverse 88 43 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 53.5 53.6 0.1 Negligible adverse 89 45 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.1 52.7 0.6 Negligible adverse 90 47 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 52.3 51.9 -0.4 Negligible benefit 91 49 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 52.3 52.0 -0.3 Negligible benefit 92 2 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 54.8 54.2 -0.6 Negligible benefit 93 4 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 56.5 57.2 0.7 Negligible adverse 94 6 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 56.9 58.4 1.5 Minor adverse
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Do Minimum Do Something Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2015 change (see table 2.1) dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr 95 8 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 59.8 60.6 0.8 Negligible adverse 96 10 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 58.4 59.3 0.9 Negligible adverse 97 12 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 56.9 58.8 1.9 Minor adverse 98 14 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 60.4 60.9 0.5 Negligible adverse 99 16 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 60.5 61.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 100 18 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 60.6 61.1 0.5 Negligible adverse 101 20 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 54.5 53.5 -1.0 Minor benefit 102 22 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 53.8 53.8 0.0 No change 103 24 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 53.3 53.1 -0.2 Negligible benefit 104 26 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 55.8 53.9 -1.9 Minor benefit 105 28 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 57.0 54.0 -3.0 Moderate benefit 106 30 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 58.0 54.4 -3.6 Moderate benefit 107 2 Torrance Grove (N) 68.3 65.9 -2.4 Minor benefit 108 4 Torrance Grove (N) 67.4 65.5 -1.9 Minor benefit 109 6 Torrance Grove (N) 66.7 65.3 -1.4 Minor benefit 110 8 Torrance Grove (N) 65.9 65.3 -0.6 Negligible benefit 111 10 Torrance Grove (N) 65.8 65.4 -0.4 Negligible benefit 112 12 Torrance Grove (N) 65.0 65.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 113 1 Torrance Grove (N) 60.7 59.0 -1.7 Minor benefit 114 3 Torrance Grove (N) 59.9 59.0 -0.9 Negligible benefit 115 5 Torrance Grove (N) 59.3 59.3 0.0 No change 116 7 Torrance Grove (N) 59.2 60.0 0.8 Negligible adverse 117 1 Elkes Drive (N) 57.4 55.8 -1.6 Minor benefit 118 3 Elkes Drive (N) 57.0 56.1 -0.9 Negligible benefit 119 5 Elkes Drive (N) 56.1 55.9 -0.2 Negligible benefit 120 7 Elkes Drive (N) 57.4 57.3 -0.1 Negligible benefit 121 9 Elkes Drive (N) 58.2 57.6 -0.6 Negligible benefit 122 11 Elkes Grove (E) 59.9 58.3 -1.6 Minor benefit 123 15 Elkes Grove (E) 59.9 58.6 -1.3 Minor benefit 124 17 Elkes Grove (E) 57.2 55.5 -1.7 Minor benefit 125 2 Elkes Grove (E) 52.6 52.7 0.1 Negligible adverse 126 4 Elkes Grove (E) 53.1 53.2 0.1 Negligible adverse 127 6 Elkes Grove (E) 52.7 52.9 0.2 Negligible adverse 128 8 Elkes Grove (E) 53.1 52.7 -0.4 Negligible benefit 129 1 Fradgley Grove (N) 56.1 57.2 1.1 Minor adverse 130 3 Fradgley Grove (N) 55.7 55.6 -0.1 Negligible benefit 131 5 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.8 54.7 -0.1 Negligible benefit 132 7 Fradgley Grove (N) 55.7 54.7 -1.0 Minor benefit 133 9 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.9 54.0 -0.9 Negligible benefit 134 11 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.1 53.8 -0.3 Negligible benefit 135 15 Fradgley Grove (N) 52.6 52.7 0.1 Negligible adverse 136 2 Fradgley Gr (N) 60.8 61.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 137 4 Fradgley Gr (N) 61.1 61.3 0.2 Negligible adverse 138 6 Fradgley Gr (N) 61.0 61.0 0.0 No change 139 8 Fradgley Gr (N) 61.3 61.2 -0.1 Negligible benefit 140 10 Fradgley Gr (N) 60.9 60.5 -0.4 Negligible benefit 141 12 Fradgley Gr (N) 61.0 60.5 -0.5 Negligible benefit 142 14 Fradgley Gr (N) 61.0 60.2 -0.8 Negligible benefit
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Do Minimum Do Something Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2015 change (see table 2.1) dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr 143 16 Fradgley Gr (N) 60.9 59.9 -1.0 Minor benefit 144 Parks Farm (E) 66.1 60.5 -5.6 Major benefit 145 2 Bamford Grove (N) 53.0 52.3 -0.7 Negligible benefit 146 4 Bamford Grove (N) 53.9 52.9 -1.0 Minor benefit 147 6 Bamford Grove (N) 54.6 53.9 -0.7 Negligible benefit 148 8 Bamford Grove (N) 53.6 52.9 -0.7 Negligible benefit 149 10 Bamford Grove (N) 52.9 52.7 -0.2 Negligible benefit 150 12 Bamford Grove (N) 52.5 52.3 -0.2 Negligible benefit 151 14 Bamford Grove (N) 51.7 51.5 -0.2 Negligible benefit 152 16 Bamford Grove (N) 51.6 51.5 -0.1 Negligible benefit 153 18 Bamford Grove (N) 51.8 51.7 -0.1 Negligible benefit 154 1 Bamford Grove (N) 53.2 53.2 0.0 No change 155 3 Bamford Grove (N) 52.9 52.8 -0.1 Negligible benefit 156 5 Bamford Grove (N) 52.5 52.3 -0.2 Negligible benefit 157 7 Bamford Grove (N) 51.2 51.0 -0.2 Negligible benefit 158 2 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.6 58.5 -1.1 Minor benefit 159 4 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.9 58.8 -1.1 Minor benefit 160 6 Kimberley Drive (N) 60.1 58.8 -1.3 Minor benefit 161 8 Kimberley Drive (N) 60.4 58.9 -1.5 Minor benefit 162 10 Kimberley Drive (N) 60.2 58.2 -2.0 Minor benefit 163 12 Kimberley Drive (N) 60.0 57.9 -2.1 Minor benefit 164 14 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.9 55.0 0.1 Negligible adverse 165 16 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.9 53.8 -0.1 Negligible benefit 166 18 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.8 53.3 -0.5 Negligible benefit 167 20 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.8 53.2 -0.6 Negligible benefit 168 22 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.4 53.6 -0.8 Negligible benefit 169 24 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.9 53.4 -0.5 Negligible benefit 170 26 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.8 53.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 171 28 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.4 53.3 -0.1 Negligible benefit 172 30 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.7 53.9 0.2 Negligible adverse 173 32 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.5 53.5 0.0 No change 174 34 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.2 53.3 0.1 Negligible adverse 175 36 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.0 53.2 0.2 Negligible adverse 176 38 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.4 54.0 -0.4 Negligible benefit 177 40 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.0 53.9 -0.1 Negligible benefit 178 42 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.1 53.1 0.0 No change 179 44 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.3 52.9 -0.4 Negligible benefit 180 46 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.5 52.5 0.0 No change 181 48 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.8 53.9 0.1 Negligible adverse 182 50 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.7 52.6 -0.1 Negligible benefit 183 52 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.8 53.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 184 54 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.3 53.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 185 56 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.9 54.0 0.1 Negligible adverse 186 58 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.3 53.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 187 60 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.6 55.1 0.5 Negligible adverse 188 9 Kimberley Drive (N) 56.3 55.1 -1.2 Minor benefit 189 11 Kimberley Drive (N) 56.9 55.3 -1.6 Minor benefit 190 13 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.5 54.1 -1.4 Minor benefit
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Do Minimum Do Something Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2015 change (see table 2.1) dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr 191 15 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.3 54.5 -0.8 Negligible benefit 192 17 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.4 53.4 -1.0 Minor benefit 193 19 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.6 53.7 -1.9 Minor benefit 194 21 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.5 53.9 -1.6 Minor benefit 195 23 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.4 51.6 0.2 Negligible adverse 196 25 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.5 51.6 0.1 Negligible adverse 197 27 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.0 52.1 0.1 Negligible adverse 198 29 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.6 51.6 0.0 No change 199 31 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.7 51.7 0.0 No change 200 33 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.8 51.8 0.0 No change 201 35 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.2 52.1 -0.1 Negligible benefit 202 37 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.9 51.9 0.0 No change 203 39 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.0 51.9 -0.1 Negligible benefit 204 41 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.0 51.9 -0.1 Negligible benefit 205 43 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.4 52.3 -0.1 Negligible benefit 206 45 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.4 52.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 207 47 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.2 51.9 -0.3 Negligible benefit 208 49 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.4 52.4 0.0 No change 209 51 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.2 52.1 -0.1 Negligible benefit 210 53 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.1 53.3 0.2 Negligible adverse 211 55 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.0 53.2 0.2 Negligible adverse 212 The Parks 65.8 67.8 2.0 Minor adverse
The impact the scheme’s proposals has in the short term is detailed in table 8.10 below. This shows the change in noise levels in the magnitude bands as required by table 3.1 of DMRB (see Table 8.2 of this report).
Table 8.10. Short-term Traffic Noise Reporting Table Number of Change in noise level Impact Magnitude receptors => 5.0 dB 0 Major adverse Increase in noise 3.0 – 4.9 dB 0 Moderate adverse level, LA10 18hr 1.0 – 2.9 dB 20 Minor adverse 0.1 – 0.9 dB 320 Negligible adverse No change 0 359 0.1 – 0.9 dB 826 Negligible benefit Decrease in noise 1.0 – 2.9 dB 90 Minor benefit level, LA10 18hr 3.0 – 4.9 dB 2 Moderate benefit => 5.0 dB 0 Major benefit
The results as detailed in table 8.9 show a significant number of properties currently experiencing a level of noise in excess of 50 dB LA10,18hr.
Table 8.10 above identifies a total of 340 receptors which would be subjected to an increase in noise although the increase is greater than 1 dB at only 20 dwellings.
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A significantly greater number of receptors (918) would experience a decrease in noise. For 92 the decrease is greater than 1 dB and for 2 it is more than 3 dB.
The large number dwellings experiencing a decrease can be partially explained due to the re- aligned A522 New Road and A50(T) slip roads which effectively act as a screen to some of the noise from the A50(T).
8.7.2
The predictions have been carried out for the same 1,617 receptors within the study area for the design year 2030 and detailed in table 8.11 below.
A comparison is also made for the Do Minimum situation assuming the scheme was not constructed, i.e. noise change between Do Minimum 2015 and Do Minimum 2032. This is presented in table 8.13.
Table 8.11 given details the number of noise sensitive receptors affected by the scheme proposals.
The noise levels are based on a receptor height of 4.0 metres above ground level and 1 metre from the façade
Table 8.11. Predicted noise levels for design year 2030 Do Minimum Noise Do Something Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 dB change dB 2030 dB LA10,18hr (see table 2.1) LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 1 Ashdene New Road (N) 72.6 73.6 1.0 Negligible adverse 2 West View New Road (N) 68.0 63.9 -4.1 Minor benefit 3 Brook House New Road (N) 67.9 64.7 -3.2 Minor benefit 4 Malt House New Road (N) 67.5 64.7 -2.8 Negligible benefit 5 Hawthorn House New Road (N) 67.2 64.7 -2.5 Negligible benefit 6 Parks Cottage New Road (N) 66.9 64.5 -2.4 Negligible benefit 7 Longmead New Road (N) 67.1 64.7 -2.4 Negligible benefit 8 Westfield House New Road (N 67.7 65.2 -2.5 Negligible benefit 9 Anfield House Farm (W) 65.0 63.2 -1.8 Negligible benefit 10 Park View Farm (E) 58.2 58.8 0.6 Negligible adverse 11 1 Davies Drive (N) 58.1 58.7 0.6 Negligible adverse 12 3 Davies Drive (N) 57.8 58.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 13 5 Davies Drive (N) 56.5 57.3 0.8 Negligible adverse 14 7 Davies Drive (N) 56.1 57.0 0.9 Negligible adverse 15 9 Davies Drive (N) 56.2 56.7 0.5 Negligible adverse 16 11 Davies Drive (N) 56.5 56.6 0.1 Negligible adverse 17 4 Davies Drive (N) 67.7 68.4 0.7 Negligible adverse 18 6 Davies Drive (N) 67.6 68.3 0.7 Negligible adverse 19 8 Davies Drive (N) 67.5 68.1 0.6 Negligible adverse 20 10 Davies Drive (N) 67.7 68.3 0.6 Negligible adverse 21 12 Davies Drive (N) 67.5 68.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 22 14 Davies Drive (N) 67.1 67.6 0.5 Negligible adverse 23 16 Davies Drive (N) 67.3 67.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 24 18 Davies Drive (N) 67.0 67.0 0.0 No change 25 20 Davies Drive (N) 67.2 67.0 -0.2 Negligible benefit 26 22 Davies Drive (N) 67.1 66.6 -0.5 Negligible benefit 27 24 Davies Drive (N) 67.2 66.5 -0.7 Negligible benefit STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Do Minimum Noise Do Something Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 dB change dB 2030 dB LA10,18hr (see table 2.1) LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 28 26 Davies Drive (N) 67.1 65.9 -1.2 Negligible benefit 29 28 Davies Drive (N) 67.1 65.6 -1.5 Negligible benefit 30 30 Davies Drive (W) 63.9 61.6 -2.3 Negligible benefit 31 32 Davies Drive (W) 63.4 61.2 -2.2 Negligible benefit 32 34 Davies Drive (W) 61.6 59.4 -2.2 Negligible benefit 33 36 Davies Drive (W) 61.2 59.1 -2.1 Negligible benefit 34 5 Bentley Road (N) 66.2 67.0 0.8 Negligible adverse 35 7 Bentley Road (N) 66.4 67.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 36 9 Bentley Road (N) 66.1 66.6 0.5 Negligible adverse 37 11 Bentley Road (N) 65.5 66.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 38 13 Bentley Road (N) 64.2 64.7 0.5 Negligible adverse 39 15 Bentley Road (N) 63.3 63.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 40 15 Bentley Road (N) 61.7 62.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 41 19 Bentley Road (N) 60.3 60.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 42 21 Bentley Road (N) 58.3 59.0 0.7 Negligible adverse 43 23 Bentley Road (N) 57.9 58.6 0.7 Negligible adverse 44 1 Elmwood Grove (N) 57.7 54.9 -2.8 Negligible benefit 45 3 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.2 55.6 -2.6 Negligible benefit 46 5 Elmwood Grove (N) 58.0 55.6 -2.4 Negligible benefit 47 7 Elmwood Grove (N) 57.7 55.6 -2.1 Negligible benefit 48 9 Elmwood Grove (N) 56.6 55.4 -1.2 Negligible benefit 49 11 Elmwood Grove (N) 56.1 55.3 -0.8 Negligible benefit 50 13 Elmwood Grove (NW) 52.9 53.1 0.2 Negligible adverse 51 15 Elmwood Grove (NW) 52.2 52.5 0.3 Negligible adverse 52 2 Elmwood Grove (W) 50.0 50.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 53 4 Elmwood Grove (W) 50.0 50.2 0.2 Negligible adverse 54 6 Elmwood Grove (W) 53.4 52.0 -1.4 Negligible benefit 55 8 Elmwood Grove (W) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 56 10 Elmwood Grove (W) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 57 12 Elmwood Grove (N) 64.3 61.6 -2.7 Negligible benefit 58 14 Elmwood Grove (N) 63.6 61.3 -2.3 Negligible benefit 59 16 Elmwood Grove (N) 63.2 61.2 -2.0 Negligible benefit 60 18 Elmwood Grove (N) 62.6 60.8 -1.8 Negligible benefit 61 20 Elmwood Grove (N) 62.4 60.8 -1.6 Negligible benefit 62 22 Elmwood Grove (N) 61.9 60.3 -1.6 Negligible benefit 63 24 Elmwood Grove (W) 54.9 55.0 0.1 Negligible adverse 64 26 Elmwood Grove (W) 54.5 54.5 0.0 No change 65 28 Elmwood Grove (E) 58.2 56.8 -1.4 Negligible benefit 66 28 Elmwood Grove (W) 58.8 57.1 -1.7 Negligible benefit 67 32 Elmwood Grove (E) 59.3 57.0 -2.3 Negligible benefit 68 1 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 67.5 65.2 -2.3 Negligible benefit 69 3 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 67.6 65.3 -2.3 Negligible benefit 70 5 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 67.1 64.7 -2.4 Negligible benefit 71 7 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 66.9 64.3 -2.6 Negligible benefit 72 9 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 55.5 53.4 -2.1 Negligible benefit 73 11 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 54.8 52.9 -1.9 Negligible benefit 74 15 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 54.6 53.0 -1.6 Negligible benefit 75 17 Tunnicliffe Way (NW) 54.6 53.3 -1.3 Negligible benefit
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Do Minimum Noise Do Something Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 dB change dB 2030 dB LA10,18hr (see table 2.1) LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 76 19 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 54.1 53.1 -1.0 Negligible benefit 77 21 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.1 54.3 2.2 Negligible adverse 78 23 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 51.5 53.7 2.2 Negligible adverse 79 25 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 51.2 53.1 1.9 Negligible adverse 80 27 Tunnicliffe Way (NE) 52.4 52.6 0.2 Negligible adverse 81 29 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 51.0 50.9 -0.1 Negligible benefit 82 31 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 51.0 50.7 -0.3 Negligible benefit 83 33 Tunnicliffe Way (E) 51.7 51.3 -0.4 Negligible benefit 84 35 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 50.0 50.1 0.1 Negligible adverse 85 37 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.1 52.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 86 39 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 51.9 53.0 1.1 Negligible adverse 87 41 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.0 53.0 1.0 Negligible adverse 88 43 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 52.0 52.7 0.7 Negligible adverse 89 45 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 50.7 51.8 1.1 Negligible adverse 90 47 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 50.5 50.4 -0.1 Negligible benefit 91 49 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 50.4 50.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 92 2 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 52.6 52.4 -0.2 Negligible benefit 93 4 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 54.9 55.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 94 6 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 55.5 56.9 1.4 Negligible adverse 95 8 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 57.8 58.6 0.8 Negligible adverse 96 10 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 56.6 57.5 0.9 Negligible adverse 97 12 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 55.4 57.0 1.6 Negligible adverse 98 14 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 58.3 59.1 0.8 Negligible adverse 99 16 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 58.7 59.3 0.6 Negligible adverse 100 18 Tunnicliffe Way (W) 58.8 59.4 0.6 Negligible adverse 101 20 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 52.4 51.9 -0.5 Negligible benefit 102 22 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 51.8 52.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 103 24 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 51.4 51.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 104 26 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 53.1 52.3 -0.8 Negligible benefit 105 28 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 54.4 52.6 -1.8 Negligible benefit 106 30 Tunnicliffe Way (N) 56.8 53.2 -3.6 Minor benefit 107 2 Torrance Grove (N) 65.6 62.8 -2.8 Negligible benefit 108 4 Torrance Grove (N) 62.2 61.3 -0.9 Negligible benefit 109 6 Torrance Grove (N) 61.5 60.8 -0.7 Negligible benefit 110 8 Torrance Grove (N) 61.0 60.5 -0.5 Negligible benefit 111 10 Torrance Grove (N) 61.3 60.9 -0.4 Negligible benefit 112 12 Torrance Grove (N) 61.5 63.1 1.6 Negligible adverse 113 1 Torrance Grove (N) 59.5 57.8 -1.7 Negligible benefit 114 3 Torrance Grove (N) 58.4 57.6 -0.8 Negligible benefit 115 5 Torrance Grove (N) 57.8 58.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 116 7 Torrance Grove (N) 57.7 59.2 1.5 Negligible adverse 117 1 Elkes Drive (N) 54.2 53.3 -0.9 Negligible benefit 118 3 Elkes Drive (N) 54.4 54.0 -0.4 Negligible benefit 119 5 Elkes Drive (N) 53.9 53.8 -0.1 Negligible benefit 120 7 Elkes Drive (N) 54.9 55.0 0.1 Negligible adverse 121 9 Elkes Drive (N) 55.8 55.6 -0.2 Negligible benefit 122 11 Elkes Grove (E) 57.3 55.6 -1.7 Negligible benefit 123 15 Elkes Grove (E) 56.8 56.0 -0.8 Negligible benefit
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Do Minimum Noise Do Something Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 dB change dB 2030 dB LA10,18hr (see table 2.1) LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 124 17 Elkes Grove (E) 55.0 54.2 -0.8 Negligible benefit 125 2 Elkes Grove (E) 51.0 51.2 0.2 Negligible adverse 126 4 Elkes Grove (E) 51.5 51.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 127 6 Elkes Grove (E) 51.3 51.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 128 8 Elkes Grove (E) 51.5 51.5 0.0 No change 129 1 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.6 56.2 1.6 Negligible adverse 130 3 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.1 54.3 0.2 Negligible adverse 131 5 Fradgley Grove (N) 53.1 53.2 0.1 Negligible adverse 132 7 Fradgley Grove (N) 54.4 53.3 -1.1 Negligible benefit 133 9 Fradgley Grove (N) 53.3 52.6 -0.7 Negligible benefit 134 11 Fradgley Grove (N) 52.4 52.4 0.0 No change 135 15 Fradgley Grove (N) 50.8 51.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 136 2 Fradgley Gr (N) 59.0 59.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 137 4 Fradgley Gr (N) 59.3 59.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 138 6 Fradgley Gr (N) 58.8 59.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 139 8 Fradgley Gr (N) 59.3 59.4 0.1 Negligible adverse 140 10 Fradgley Gr (N) 58.9 58.8 -0.1 Negligible benefit 141 12 Fradgley Gr (N) 59.2 58.8 -0.4 Negligible benefit 142 14 Fradgley Gr (N) 58.9 58.6 -0.3 Negligible benefit 143 16 Fradgley Gr (N) 59.7 58.4 -1.3 Negligible benefit 144 Parks Farm (E) 65.5 60.1 -5.4 Moderate benefit 145 2 Bamford Grove (N) 51.2 50.9 -0.3 Negligible benefit 146 4 Bamford Grove (N) 52.2 51.8 -0.4 Negligible benefit 147 6 Bamford Grove (N) 53.1 53.0 -0.1 Negligible benefit 148 8 Bamford Grove (N) 52.1 51.7 -0.4 Negligible benefit 149 10 Bamford Grove (N) 51.2 51.3 0.1 Negligible adverse 150 12 Bamford Grove (N) 50.7 50.9 0.2 Negligible adverse 151 14 Bamford Grove (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 152 16 Bamford Grove (N) 50.0 50.1 0.1 Negligible adverse 153 18 Bamford Grove (N) 50.4 50.5 0.1 Negligible adverse 154 1 Bamford Grove (N) 51.4 51.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 155 3 Bamford Grove (N) 51.0 51.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 156 5 Bamford Grove (N) 50.7 50.9 0.2 Negligible adverse 157 7 Bamford Grove (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 158 2 Kimberley Drive (N) 58.8 57.8 -1.0 Negligible benefit 159 4 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.3 58.1 -1.2 Negligible benefit 160 6 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.5 58.1 -1.4 Negligible benefit 161 8 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.8 58.1 -1.7 Negligible benefit 162 10 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.6 57.4 -2.2 Negligible benefit 163 12 Kimberley Drive (N) 59.4 57.1 -2.3 Negligible benefit 164 14 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.5 53.6 0.1 Negligible adverse 165 16 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.4 52.4 0.0 No change 166 18 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.4 51.8 -0.6 Negligible benefit 167 20 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.5 51.7 -0.8 Negligible benefit 168 22 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.9 52.0 -0.9 Negligible benefit 169 24 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.2 51.9 -0.3 Negligible benefit 170 26 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.3 51.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 171 28 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.9 52.0 0.1 Negligible adverse
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Do Minimum Noise Do Something Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 dB change dB 2030 dB LA10,18hr (see table 2.1) LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 172 30 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.1 52.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 173 32 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.0 52.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 174 34 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.7 52.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 175 36 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.6 51.9 0.3 Negligible adverse 176 38 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.3 52.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 177 40 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.1 52.3 0.2 Negligible adverse 178 42 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.4 51.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 179 44 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.8 51.6 -0.2 Negligible benefit 180 46 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.8 51.0 0.2 Negligible adverse 181 48 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.1 52.2 0.1 Negligible adverse 182 50 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.0 51.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 183 52 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.2 51.8 0.6 Negligible adverse 184 54 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.6 52.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 185 56 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.7 53.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 186 58 Kimberley Drive (N) 52.0 52.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 187 60 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.6 54.5 0.9 Negligible adverse 188 9 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.0 54.1 -0.9 Negligible benefit 189 11 Kimberley Drive (N) 55.3 54.2 -1.1 Negligible benefit 190 13 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.9 51.8 -0.1 Negligible benefit 191 15 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.0 53.3 -0.7 Negligible benefit 192 17 Kimberley Drive (N) 53.4 52.3 -1.1 Negligible benefit 193 19 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.8 52.7 -2.1 Negligible benefit 194 21 Kimberley Drive (N) 54.8 52.9 -1.9 Negligible benefit 195 23 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 196 25 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 197 27 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.2 50.4 0.2 Negligible adverse 198 29 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 199 31 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.0 50.0 0.0 No change 200 33 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.0 50.2 0.2 Negligible adverse 201 35 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.3 50.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 202 37 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.1 50.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 203 39 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.2 50.4 0.2 Negligible adverse 204 41 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.2 50.4 0.2 Negligible adverse 205 43 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.7 50.9 0.2 Negligible adverse 206 45 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.8 51.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 207 47 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.4 50.4 0.0 No change 208 49 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.6 50.7 0.1 Negligible adverse 209 51 Kimberley Drive (N) 50.3 50.5 0.2 Negligible adverse 210 53 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.9 52.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 211 55 Kimberley Drive (N) 51.8 52.3 0.5 Negligible adverse 212 The Parks 64.6 66.9 2.3 Negligible adverse
The impact the scheme’s proposals has in the long term is detailed in table 8.12 below. This shows the change in noise levels in the magnitude bands as required by table 3.1 of DMRB (see table 8.2 of this report).
Table 8.12. Long-term Traffic Noise Reporting Table
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Number of Change in noise level Impact Magnitude receptors => 10 dB 0 Major adverse Increase in noise 5.0 – 9.9 dB 0 Moderate adverse level, LA10 18hr 3.0 – 4.9 dB 0 Minor adverse 0.1 – 2.9 dB 115 Negligible adverse No change 0 6 0.1 – 2.9 dB 89 Negligible benefit Decrease in noise 3.0 – 4.9 dB 1 Minor benefit level, LA10 18hr 5.0 – 9.9 dB 1 Moderate benefit => 10 dB 0 Major benefit
The results taken from table 8.11 for the long term assessment again show a significant number of receptors that would experience a level of noise in excess of 50 dB LA10,18hr for the Do Minimum scenario.
Table 8.12 details 115 receptors where the noise would increase by between 0.1 and 3 dB, noted as being negligible adverse. No properties would experience an increase of 3 dB or greater. 233 receptors would experience no change in noise level.
There are 448 receptors that would experience a negligible benefit decrease in noise of up to 3 dB. One receptor would experience a decrease in noise of between 3 and 5 dB.
Table 8.13. Predicted noise levels for design year 2030 for Do Minimum scenario. Do Minimum Do Minimum Noise Impact Magnitude ID Location 2015 2030 change (see table 2.1) dB dB LA10,18hr dB LA10,18hr LA10,18hr 1 Ashdene New Road 71.9 73.0 1.1 Negligible adverse 2 West View New Road 68.7 69.5 0.8 Negligible adverse 3 Brook House New Road 68.9 69.7 0.8 Negligible adverse 4 Malt House New Road 68.2 68.9 0.7 Negligible adverse 5 Hawthorn House New Road 67.7 68.5 0.8 Negligible adverse 6 Parks Cottage New Road 67.3 68.0 0.7 Negligible adverse 7 Longmead New Road 67.5 68.2 0.7 Negligible adverse 8 Westfield House New Road 68.2 69.0 0.8 Negligible adverse 9 Anfield House Farm 61.4 61.8 0.4 Negligible adverse 10 View Farm 58.2 58.5 0.3 Negligible adverse 11 1 Davies Drive 59.4 60.1 0.7 Negligible adverse 12 3 Davies Drive 59.1 59.8 0.7 Negligible adverse 13 5 Davies Drive 58.3 58.9 0.6 Negligible adverse 14 7 Davies Drive 58.0 58.6 0.6 Negligible adverse 15 9 Davies Drive 57.9 58.5 0.6 Negligible adverse 16 11 Davies Drive 58.1 58.7 0.6 Negligible adverse 17 4 Davies Drive 68.4 69.3 0.9 Negligible adverse 18 6 Davies Drive 68.6 69.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 19 8 Davies Drive 68.6 69.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 20 10 Davies Drive 68.7 69.5 0.8 Negligible adverse 21 12 Davies Drive 68.6 69.3 0.7 Negligible adverse 22 14 Davies Drive 68.4 69.1 0.7 Negligible adverse 23 16 Davies Drive 68.7 69.4 0.7 Negligible adverse 24 18 Davies Drive 68.4 69.1 0.7 Negligible adverse STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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25 20 Davies Drive 68.6 69.3 0.7 Negligible adverse 26 22 Davies Drive 68.5 69.3 0.8 Negligible adverse 27 24 Davies Drive 68.6 69.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 28 26 Davies Drive 68.6 69.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 29 28 Davies Drive 68.5 69.4 0.9 Negligible adverse 30 30 Davies Drive 64.9 65.7 0.8 Negligible adverse 31 32 Davies Drive 64.4 65.2 0.8 Negligible adverse 32 34 Davies Drive 62.7 63.5 0.8 Negligible adverse 33 36 Davies Drive 62.2 62.9 0.7 Negligible adverse 34 5 Bentley Road 64.7 65.6 0.9 Negligible adverse 35 7 Bentley Road 64.8 65.7 0.9 Negligible adverse 36 9 Bentley Road 64.6 65.4 0.8 Negligible adverse 37 11 Bentley Road 64.2 65.1 0.9 Negligible adverse 38 13 Bentley Road 62.7 63.6 0.9 Negligible adverse 39 15 Bentley Road 61.9 62.8 0.9 Negligible adverse 40 17 Bentley Road 60.5 61.3 0.8 Negligible adverse 41 19 Bentley Road 59.6 60.3 0.7 Negligible adverse 42 21 Bentley Road 58.0 58.6 0.6 Negligible adverse 43 23 Bentley Road 57.8 58.4 0.6 Negligible adverse 44 1 Elmwood Grove 58.8 59.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 45 3 Elmwood Grove 58.9 59.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 46 5 Elmwood Grove 58.7 59.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 47 7 Elmwood Grove 58.5 58.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 48 9 Elmwood Grove 57.3 57.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 49 11 Elmwood Grove 56.8 57.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 50 13 Elmwood Grove 54.5 54.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 51 15 Elmwood Grove 53.8 54.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 52 2 Elmwood Grove 52.0 52.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 53 4 Elmwood Grove 52.0 52.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 54 6 Elmwood Grove 55.0 55.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 55 8 Elmwood Grove 52.2 52.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 56 10 Elmwood Grove 51.7 52.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 57 12 Elmwood Grove 65.1 65.8 0.7 Negligible adverse 58 14 Elmwood Grove 64.8 65.4 0.6 Negligible adverse 59 16 Elmwood Grove 64.6 65.2 0.6 Negligible adverse 60 18 Elmwood Grove 64.2 64.8 0.6 Negligible adverse 61 20 Elmwood Grove 63.7 64.3 0.6 Negligible adverse 62 22 Elmwood Grove 63.3 63.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 63 24 Elmwood Grove 56.6 57.0 0.4 Negligible adverse 64 26 Elmwood Grove 56.0 56.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 65 28 Elmwood Grove 58.4 58.9 0.5 Negligible adverse 66 28 Elmwood Grove 58.9 59.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 67 32 Elmwood Grove 59.4 59.8 0.4 Negligible adverse 68 1 Tunnicliffe Way 68.3 69.1 0.8 Negligible adverse 69 3 Tunnicliffe Way 68.3 69.1 0.8 Negligible adverse 70 5 Tunnicliffe Way 68.1 68.9 0.8 Negligible adverse 71 7 Tunnicliffe Way 68.0 68.8 0.8 Negligible adverse 72 9 Tunnicliffe Way 56.5 57.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 73 11 Tunnicliffe Way 56.2 56.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 74 15 Tunnicliffe Way 55.6 56.0 0.4 Negligible adverse 75 17 Tunnicliffe Way 56.0 56.5 0.5 Negligible adverse STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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76 19 Tunnicliffe Way 56.3 56.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 77 21 Tunnicliffe Way 53.1 53.6 0.5 Negligible adverse 78 23 Tunnicliffe Way 52.4 52.9 0.5 Negligible adverse 79 25 Tunnicliffe Way 52.2 52.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 80 27 Tunnicliffe Way 53.2 53.7 0.5 Negligible adverse 81 29 Tunnicliffe Way 51.9 52.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 82 31 Tunnicliffe Way 51.8 52.4 0.6 Negligible adverse 83 33 Tunnicliffe Way 52.7 53.3 0.6 Negligible adverse 84 35 Tunnicliffe Way 52.7 53.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 85 37 Tunnicliffe Way 53.7 54.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 86 39 Tunnicliffe Way 53.5 53.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 87 41 Tunnicliffe Way 53.5 53.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 88 43 Tunnicliffe Way 53.3 53.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 89 45 Tunnicliffe Way 52.3 52.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 90 47 Tunnicliffe Way 52.4 52.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 91 49 Tunnicliffe Way 52.8 53.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 92 2 Tunnicliffe Way 55.7 56.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 93 4 Tunnicliffe Way 56.9 57.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 94 6 Tunnicliffe Way 57.2 57.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 95 8 Tunnicliffe Way 58.5 59.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 96 10 Tunnicliffe Way 58.1 58.6 0.5 Negligible adverse 97 12 Tunnicliffe Way 57.0 57.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 98 14 Tunnicliffe Way 59.4 59.8 0.4 Negligible adverse 99 16 Tunnicliffe Way 59.5 60.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 100 18 Tunnicliffe Way 59.5 60.0 0.5 Negligible adverse 101 20 Tunnicliffe Way 54.3 54.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 102 22 Tunnicliffe Way 53.8 54.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 103 24 Tunnicliffe Way 53.7 54.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 104 26 Tunnicliffe Way 54.7 55.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 105 28 Tunnicliffe Way 55.7 56.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 106 30 Tunnicliffe Way 56.5 56.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 107 2 Torrance Grove 67.1 68.0 0.9 Negligible adverse 108 4 Torrance Grove 65.5 66.4 0.9 Negligible adverse 109 6 Torrance Grove 64.5 65.3 0.8 Negligible adverse 110 8 Torrance Grove 63.0 63.8 0.8 Negligible adverse 111 10 Torrance Grove 61.9 62.7 0.8 Negligible adverse 112 12 Torrance Grove 62.4 63.2 0.8 Negligible adverse 113 1 Torrance Grove 60.5 61.1 0.6 Negligible adverse 114 3 Torrance Grove 59.5 60.1 0.6 Negligible adverse 115 5 Torrance Grove 59.1 59.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 116 7 Torrance Grove 59.2 59.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 117 1 Elkes Drive 60.3 60.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 118 3 Elkes Drive 58.4 59.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 119 5 Elkes Drive 57.8 58.4 0.6 Negligible adverse 120 7 Elkes Drive 58.1 58.7 0.6 Negligible adverse 121 9 Elkes Drive 59.4 60.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 122 11 Elkes Grove 59.6 60.1 0.5 Negligible adverse 123 15 Elkes Grove 59.2 59.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 124 17 Elkes Grove 58.0 58.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 125 2 Elkes Grove 53.5 53.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 126 4 Elkes Grove 53.7 54.1 0.4 Negligible adverse STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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127 6 Elkes Grove 53.1 53.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 128 8 Elkes Grove 53.9 54.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 129 1 Fradgley Grove 55.9 56.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 130 3 Fradgley Grove 55.3 55.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 131 5 Fradgley Grove 54.5 54.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 132 7 Fradgley Grove 55.1 55.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 133 9 Fradgley Grove 54.7 55.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 134 11 Fradgley Grove 54.4 54.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 135 15 Fradgley Grove 53.7 54.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 136 2 Fradgley Grove 59.6 60.1 0.5 Negligible adverse 137 4 Fradgley Grove 60.0 60.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 138 6 Fradgley Grove 59.8 60.3 0.5 Negligible adverse 139 8 Fradgley Grove 60.2 60.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 140 10 Fradgley Grove 59.9 60.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 141 12 Fradgley Grove 59.8 60.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 142 14 Fradgley Grove 59.7 60.1 0.4 Negligible adverse 143 16 Fradgley Grove 59.5 59.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 144 Parks Farm 63.8 64.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 145 2 Bamford Grove 52.9 53.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 146 4 Bamford Grove 53.5 53.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 147 6 Bamford Grove 53.9 54.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 148 8 Bamford Grove 53.4 53.8 0.4 Negligible adverse 149 10 Bamford Grove 53.1 53.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 150 12 Bamford Grove 52.5 52.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 151 14 Bamford Grove 52.1 52.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 152 16 Bamford Grove 52.2 52.5 0.3 Negligible adverse 153 18 Bamford Grove 52.3 52.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 154 1 Bamford Grove 53.2 53.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 155 3 Bamford Grove 53.5 53.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 156 5 Bamford Grove 53.1 53.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 157 7 Bamford Grove 51.3 51.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 158 2 Kimberley Drive 59.9 60.5 0.6 Negligible adverse 159 4 Kimberley Drive 60.2 60.9 0.7 Negligible adverse 160 6 Kimberley Drive 60.4 61.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 161 8 Kimberley Drive 60.7 61.3 0.6 Negligible adverse 162 10 Kimberley Drive 60.5 61.1 0.6 Negligible adverse 163 12 Kimberley Drive 60.6 61.1 0.5 Negligible adverse 164 14 Kimberley Drive 55.1 55.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 165 16 Kimberley Drive 54.1 54.4 0.3 Negligible adverse 166 18 Kimberley Drive 54.0 54.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 167 20 Kimberley Drive 54.3 54.7 0.4 Negligible adverse 168 22 Kimberley Drive 54.5 54.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 169 24 Kimberley Drive 53.8 54.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 170 26 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 171 28 Kimberley Drive 53.7 54.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 172 30 Kimberley Drive 54.0 54.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 173 32 Kimberley Drive 53.9 54.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 174 34 Kimberley Drive 53.7 54.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 175 36 Kimberley Drive 53.5 53.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 176 38 Kimberley Drive 54.6 54.8 0.2 Negligible adverse 177 40 Kimberley Drive 54.2 54.5 0.3 Negligible adverse STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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178 42 Kimberley Drive 53.5 53.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 179 44 Kimberley Drive 53.6 53.9 0.3 Negligible adverse 180 46 Kimberley Drive 52.7 53.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 181 48 Kimberley Drive 53.5 53.8 0.3 Negligible adverse 182 50 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.3 0.4 Negligible adverse 183 52 Kimberley Drive 53.1 53.5 0.4 Negligible adverse 184 54 Kimberley Drive 53.4 53.7 0.3 Negligible adverse 185 56 Kimberley Drive 54.0 54.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 186 58 Kimberley Drive 53.3 53.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 187 60 Kimberley Drive 54.8 55.2 0.4 Negligible adverse 188 9 Kimberley Drive 56.4 57.0 0.6 Negligible adverse 189 11 Kimberley Drive 57.1 57.7 0.6 Negligible adverse 190 13 Kimberley Drive 57.3 57.8 0.5 Negligible adverse 191 15 Kimberley Drive 56.0 56.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 192 17 Kimberley Drive 55.1 55.6 0.5 Negligible adverse 193 19 Kimberley Drive 56.0 56.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 194 21 Kimberley Drive 56.2 56.6 0.4 Negligible adverse 195 23 Kimberley Drive 52.2 52.5 0.3 Negligible adverse 196 25 Kimberley Drive 52.5 52.9 0.4 Negligible adverse 197 27 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 198 29 Kimberley Drive 52.8 53.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 199 31 Kimberley Drive 52.8 53.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 200 33 Kimberley Drive 52.8 53.1 0.3 Negligible adverse 201 35 Kimberley Drive 53.0 53.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 202 37 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 203 39 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 204 41 Kimberley Drive 53.0 53.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 205 43 Kimberley Drive 53.2 53.5 0.3 Negligible adverse 206 45 Kimberley Drive 53.3 53.6 0.3 Negligible adverse 207 47 Kimberley Drive 52.9 53.2 0.3 Negligible adverse 208 49 Kimberley Drive 53.0 53.3 0.3 Negligible adverse 209 51 Kimberley Drive 52.7 53.0 0.3 Negligible adverse 210 53 Kimberley Drive 53.0 53.5 0.5 Negligible adverse 211 55 Kimberley Drive 53.0 53.4 0.4 Negligible adverse 212 The Parks 65.8 66.1 0.3 Negligible adverse
Table 8.13 details the change in noise for the design year with the proposed scheme not constructed. Changes in noise level which range from 0 to 1 dB can be attributed to changes in the traffic flows for the existing highway network over the long term period.
8.7.3
In accordance with the procedure given DMRB section A1.29 and annex 6, all of 212 receptors have been categorised into noise nuisance change bands. The figure used is the highest of the short or long term level.
Table 8.14 shows that 25 dwellings are within the 20 to 30% of people bothered by noise increase band. 69 fall within the 10 to 20% and 21 in the 0 to 10% band
Table 8.14. Noise Nuisance Calculations Change in nuisance level (% of people Do Minimum Do Something bothered by noise) Increase in nuisance 40% + 0 0 STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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level 30 – 40% 0 0 20 – 30% 0 21 10 – 20% 0 192 0 – 10% 1399 728 No change 0 138 227 0 – 10% 80 449 10 – 20% 0 0 Decrease in nuisance 20 – 30% 0 0 level 30 – 40% 0 0 40% + 0 0
Table 8.14 shows that 21 dwellings are within the 20 to 30% of people bothered by noise increase band. 192 fall within the 10 to 20% and 728 in the 0 to 10% band.
There are 449 dwellings which fall in the 0 to 10% decrease in noise nuisance. This is primarily where there is a benefit to residents from a reduction in the level of noise after the scheme is completed..
8.7.4
A full assessment of the construction noise impact at this stage is limited by a lack of detailed information relating to construction activities and plant.
The proposed scheme is likely to mean some demolition and heavy construction work will be unavoidable, particularly the demolition of the existing A522 overbridge and construction of new embankments for the A50(T) slip roads. Specific details will be identified and agreed with East Staffordshire Borough Council and form part of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)).
Notwithstanding the above, Best Practicable Means will be adopted to ensure mitigation against construction noise and vibration. This will include but not exclusively, good site practices and generic measures as detailed below:
(i) Use of quiet plant fitted with effective exhaust silencers and to be maintained in good working order;
(ii) machines in intermittent use to be shut down in the intervening periods between work or throttled down to a minimum;
(iii) ancillary plant such as generators, compressors and pumps to be positioned so as to cause minimum noise disturbance. If necessary, acoustic barriers or enclosures to be provided. A well-constructed 3m high timber barrier can reduce noise levels by 5 to 10 dB;
(iv) Construction and demolition work will be undertaken in accordance with codes of practice as outlined in BS 5228:2009.
Good public relations and consultation with East Staffordshire Borough Council will help to minimise the impact of construction work. Local residents may need to be persuaded that any higher levels of noise will only be for a short period of time.
In order to minimise the likelihood of complaints, it is recommended that East Staffordshire Borough Council and affected residents are kept informed of the works being carried out, and in particularly any proposed work required to be undertaken outside normal hours. STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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8.7.5
Impact
A new overbridge is located just over 30m from the closest building, Parks’ Farm Bungalow.
The historical measured data in BS 5228 for rotary bored type piling contains two measurements between 26 and 30m. At 30m the highest ppv is 0.03 mms-1 (Table D.6, Ref 103).
The historical measured data in BS 5228 for driven piling includes measurements at 23m and 33m (Table D.9, Ref C23, C31 and C36). Based on the formula within Table E.1 for driven piling, ppvs of between 1.0 and 2.2ms-1 are derived at a distance of 30m.
Effect
For rotary bored piling, based on the historical measured vibration data from BS 5228 the likely vibration levels at the closest building to the new overbridge are below the threshold of negligible significance. Therefore the effect of construction vibration is considered to be of neutral significance.
For driven piling, based on the historical measured vibration data from BS 5228 the likely vibration levels at the closest building to the new overbridge are 1.5mms-1 above the threshold of moderate significance. Therefore the effect of construction vibration is considered to be greater than moderate significance.
8.8.1
The Noise Insulation Regulations 1975, as amended in 1988, allow the provision of noise attenuation in the form of secondary glazing and mechanical ventilation to habitable rooms of eligible buildings within 300 metres of the scheme. There are three basic conditions which must be met before properties can be regarded as eligible for an offer of noise insulation.
(i) the combined expected maximum traffic noise level from the new or altered highway together with other traffic in the vicinity must not be less than 68 dB LA10 18hr;
(ii) There must be an increase of at least 1 dB when comparing the future noise level with the existing noise level immediately before construction starts.
(iii) Traffic on the new road must contribute at least 1 dB to the overall future noise level.
In addition to the above criteria, a building must be deemed an eligible building by meeting the following requirements;
(i) It must be a dwelling or a building used for residential purposes.
(ii) It must have been occupied prior to the opening to traffic of the new or altered highway.
(iii) It must not be subject to a Compulsory Purchase or Demolition Order or be within a Clearance area.
(iv) It must not be a building receiving grant for Noise Insulation work under any other Statutory Scheme.
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The results as shown in table 81 indicate that there are no properties that would be eligible for an offer of noise insulation. However, the noise insulation eligibility process would be re- assessed following construction and completion of the proposed scheme.
Based on the results of the construction vibration assessment it is recommended that rotary bored piling be used for the overbridges. On that basis, no additional construction vibration mitigation measures are considered to be required.
To reduce any potential vibration annoyance upon local residents, it is advisable that works producing vibration should only occur during the daytime and residents should be informed by letter when these works will occur. The letter should detail the nature of the proposed works, anticipated durations, include a site contact (accessible at all times during operational hours), and inform them that vibration levels may be discernible for short periods of work, but that such periods will remain as short as possible.
A DMRB detailed traffic noise assessment has been undertaken for the proposed scheme assessing the impact for the baseline year (2015) and design year 2030.
The construction of new slip roads for the A50(T)/A522 junction will have the effect of providing some screening to the existing residential area to the south of New Road from traffic using the A50(T).
The re-alignment of New Road will also provide some noise benefits to the same residential area by moving the carriageway further away.
As a result of these changes, noise levels would be expected to increase very marginally at the most severely affected dwellings but decrease by a similar level at a substantially higher number. For the majority of receptors within the study area, the impact will be minimal ranging from negligible adverse to negligible benefit.
The short term impact in year 1 of opening has an increase of between 1 to 3 dB being experienced at 20 dwellings. No receptors would experience an increase greater than 3 dB. There would be 90 dwellings experiencing a decrease in noise of between 1 and 3 dB, with two benefiting from a decrease up between 3 to 5 dB.
For the long term impact, no receptors would experience an increase in noise greater than 3 dB. There would be one dwelling experiencing a decrease greater than 3 dB.
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This chapter was prepared by URS Infrastructure & Environment Ltd.
The proposed scheme (refered to here on as Project A) consists of the restructuring of the western Uttoxeter junction of the A50(T) dual carriageway. The restructuring of this A50(T) junction is required to accommodate additional traffic flow associated with the commercial and residential development expected in the area over the coming years.
Project A is located on the northern edge of the town of Uttoxeter, in the Borough of East Staffordshire. East Staffordshire Borough Council (ESBC) have not identified any risk to the national air quality objectives in the Uttoxeter area to date and have not declared an Air Quality Management Area in or around the air quality study area considered in this assessment.
9.1.1
This air quality impact assessment quantifies the effects of Project A during its construction and operational phases. A review of the published ambient air quality data forms the basis for the prediction of current baseline conditions against which the magnitude of predicted impacts due to Project A is assessed.
During the construction phase of Project A, there is the potential for construction activities to generate fugitive emissions of particulate matter (dust and PM10). There is the risk of such emissions giving rise to significant adverse effects on amenity or health at receptors located within 100 m of the source of emissions (IAQM, 2014) unless appropriate mitigation measures are adopted. There are receptors located within 350 m of the development site, and therefore an assessment of the significance of effects from fugitive emissions of dust and PM10 from the site has been undertaken. The assessment includes consideration of the risk of adverse effects associated with the potential track out of material at receptors located within 50 m of roads extending up to 500 m from the site access.
There are no designated ecological sites located within 40 m of the Project A site boundary or within 40 m of roads extending up to 200 m from the site access. It is considered highly unlikely that the proposed works could emit dust emissions with the potential to significantly affect the nearest ecological receptor sites and the risk to such sites is not considered further in this assessment.
Project A and the commercial and residential development that it will facilitate will change the flow and composition of traffic on the A50(T) dual carriageway and the surrounding road network. Such changes will affect the exposure of nearby sensitive receptors to the pollutants commonly associated with vehicle emissions. The potential for changes to long term and short term mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), to occur as a result of predicted changes in road traffic movements on the local road network will be considered specifically for the following scenarios:
2013 Existing Baseline (used for model verification) 2015 Do-Minimum Scenario (opening year without Project A); and 2015 Do-Something Scenario (opening year with Project A).
The air quality assessment has been informed by traffic data provided by Staffordshire County Council. The assessment has included a short-term (three month) nitrogen dioxide diffusion
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tube survey within the air quality study area. Diffusion tubes have been located at various places in vicinity of Project A that are representative of sensitive receptor exposure to road traffic emissions or are representative of urban background conditions.
9.2.1
The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme revisited the management of Air Quality within the EU and replaced the EU Framework Directive 96/62/EC (Council of European Communities, 1996), its associated Daughter Directives 1999/30/EC (Council of European Communities, 1999), 2000/69/EC (Council of European Communities, 2000), 2002/3/EC (Council of European Communities, 2002), and the Council Decision 97/101/EC (Council of European Communities, 1997) with a single legal act, the Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe Directive 2008/50/EC (Council of European Communities, 2008).
Directive 2008/50/EC (Council of European Communities, 2008) is currently transcribed into UK legislation by the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010 (H.M. Government, 2010). These limit values are binding on the UK and have been set with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health and on the environment as a whole.
9.2.2
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) published in March 2012 (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012), paragraph 109 of the NPPF states that:
“The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:
preventing both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution or land instability…”
Annex 2 of the NPPF defines ‘Pollution’ as “Anything that affects the quality of land, air, water or soils, which might lead to an adverse impact on human health, the natural environment or general amenity. Pollution can arise from a range of emissions, including smoke, fumes, gases, dust, steam, odour, noise and light”.
There are both national and local policies for the control of air pollution and local action plans for the management of local air quality within the ESBC administrative area. The effect of Project A on the achievement of such policies and plans are matters that may be a material consideration by planning authorities, when making decisions for individual planning applications. Paragraph 124 of the NPPF states that:
“Planning policies should sustain compliance with and contribute towards EU limit values or national objectives for pollutants, taking into account the presence of Air Quality Management Areas and the cumulative impacts on air quality from individual sites in local areas. Planning decisions should ensure that any new development in Air Quality Management Areas is consistent with the local air quality action plan.”
The different roles of a planning authority and a pollution control authority are addressed by the NPPF in paragraph 122:
“... local planning authorities should focus on whether the development itself is an acceptable use of the land, and the impact of the use, rather than the control of processes or emissions themselves where these are subject to approval under pollution control regimes. Local planning authorities should assume that these regimes will operate effectively. Equally, where
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a planning decision has been made on a particular development, the planning issues should not be revisited through the permitting regimes operated by pollution control authorities.”
The NPPF is accompanied by Technical Guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework, known as Nation Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2014a). The NPPG was launched on the 6th March 2014 and provides a web- based resource in support of the NPPF. Following public consultation on a ‘beta’ version ending on 9th October 2013, the NPPG has been launched.
Following its launch, a number of previously published planning guidance documents have been superseded and these are detailed within the Written Ministerial Statement titled ‘Making the planning system work more efficiently and effectively’, also dated 6th March 2014 (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2014b).
The NPPG includes guidance for determining if air quality is relevant to a planning decision and if an assessment is necessary. It explains that:
“When deciding whether air quality is relevant to a planning application, considerations could include whether the development would:
Significantly affect traffic in the immediate vicinity of the proposed development site or further afield. This could be by generating or increasing traffic congestion; significantly changing traffic volumes, vehicle speed or both; or significantly altering the traffic composition on local roads. Other matters to consider include whether the proposal involves the development of a bus station, coach or lorry park; adds to turnover in a large car park; or result in construction sites that would generate large Heavy Goods Vehicle flows over a period of a year or more. Introduce new point sources of air pollution. This could include furnaces which require prior notification to local authorities; or extraction systems (including chimneys) which require approval under pollution control legislation or biomass boilers or biomass-fuelled CHP plant; centralised boilers or CHP plant burning other fuels within or close to an air quality management area or introduce relevant combustion within a Smoke Control Area; Expose people to existing sources of air pollutants. This could be by building new homes, workplaces or other development in places with poor air quality. Give rise to potentially unacceptable impact (such as dust) during construction for nearby sensitive locations. Affect biodiversity. In particular, is it likely to result in deposition or concentration of pollutants that significantly affect a European-designated wildlife site, and is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site, or does it otherwise affect biodiversity, particularly designated wildlife sites.”
The NPPG suggests what the local planning authority might require the following information:
“The ‘baseline’ local air quality; Whether the proposed development could significantly change the air quality during the construction and operational phases; and/or Whether there is likely to be a significant increase in the number of people exposed to a problem with air quality, such as when new residential properties are proposed in an area known to experience poor air quality.“
Suggested scenarios for assessments include:
“Assess the existing air quality in the study area; Predict the future air quality without the development in place, and;
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Predict the future air quality with the development in place (with mitigation).”
The NPPG provides guidance on how detailed an air quality assessment needs to be, indicating that assessments should be proportionate to the nature and scale of the proposed development, alongside suggesting that the scope of any assessment should be agreed with the local planning authority and applicant before it is commissioned.
The NPPG also provides a list of considerations for inclusion within an assessment, which includes:
“A description of baseline conditions and how these could change; Relevant air quality concerns; The assessment methods to be adopted and any requirements around verification of modelling air quality; Sensitive locations; The basis for assessing impact and determining the significance of an impact; Construction phase impact; and/or Acceptable mitigation measures.”
The NPPG outlines that mitigation should be location specific, dependent on the nature of the proposed development and be proportionate to the likely impact. A list of examples of mitigation is provided, which includes the following:
“Increase separation distances from sources of air pollution; Using green infrastructure, in particular trees, to absorb dust and other pollutants; Means of ventilation; Promoting infrastructure to promote modes of transport with low impact on air quality; Controlling dust and emissions from construction, operation and demolition; and Contributing funding to measures, including those identified in air quality action plans and low emission strategies, designed to offset the impact on air quality arising from new development.”
9.2.3
The UK National Air Quality Strategy (Defra, 2000) was initially published in 2000, under the requirements of the Environment Act 1995 (H.M. Government 1995). The most recent revision of the strategy (Defra, 2007) sets objective values for key pollutants as a tool to help Local Authorities manage local air quality improvements in accordance with the EU Air Quality Framework Directive. Some of these objective values have subsequently been laid out within the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (H.M. Government, 2000) and later amendments (H.M. Government, 2002).
The air quality objective values referred to below have been set down in regulation solely for the purposes of local air quality management. Under the local air quality management regime, ESBC has a duty to carry out regular assessments of air quality against the objective values and if it is unlikely that the objective values will be met in the given timescale, they must designate an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) with the aim of achieving the objective values. The boundary of an AQMA is set by the governing local authority to define the geographical area that is to be subject to the management measures to be set out in a subsequent action plan. Consequently it is not unusual for the boundary of an AQMA to include within it, relevant locations where air quality is not at risk of exceeding an air quality objective.
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The UK’s national air quality objective values for the pollutants of relevance to this assessment are displayed in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: Air Quality Objective Values Maximum Averaging Pollutant Value Permitted Target data period Exceedances
Annual Mean 40 μg/m3 None 31/12/05 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO ) 3 18 times per 2 Hourly Mean 200 μg/m 31/12/05 year Annual Mean 40 μg/m3 None 31/12/04 Particulate Matter (PM ) 3 35 times per 10 24-hour 50 μg/m 31/12/04 year
Fine Particulate Annual Mean 25 μg/m3 None 2020 Matter (PM2.5)
9.2.4
In 2013, ESBC submitted its Local Plan for consultation (ESBC, 2013), with its submission to the Secretary of State due in Spring 2014. In it, Strategic Policy 35 relates to Accessibility and Sustainable Transport, and specifically in relation to air quality, stating:
“The Council is committed to developing a well-integrated community connected by a sustainable transport system which connects people to jobs, services and community facilities. This will be achieved encouraging the use of sustainable modes of transport and by taking the following steps:
Promoting and supporting traffic management measures and environmental improvements which increase safety, improve air quality, and make our towns and villages more attractive.”
9.2.5
Under the requirements of Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) (H.M. Government 1995), ESBC has carried out a phased review and assessment of local air quality within their district. In 2007, ESBC declared two AQMAs in the centre of Burton-on-Trent for exceedances of the national air quality objective for annual mean NO2 (ESBC, 2012). No other exceedances of the limit value have been recorded outside of the AQMAs, which are both remote from the air quality study area in and around Uttoxeter.
Whilst ESBC undertake the monitoring and measurement of local air quality within their administrative area, they do not undertake any within the air quality study area, or the wider Uttoxeter area.
9.3.1
There is currently no statutory guidance on the method by which an air quality impact assessment should be undertaken. Several non-statutory bodies have published their own guidance relating to air quality and development control (EPUK, 2010) or to the assessment of the significance of air quality effects (IAQM, 2009), and the Highways Agency (HA) have STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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published advice on the assessment of air quality impacts from road schemes (HA 207/07) (HA, 2007).
This section will explain the methods used to assess the significance of the impacts from:
fugitive emissions of particulate matter from construction phase activities; and emissions of road traffic exhaust emissions associated with Project A and the commercial and residential development that it will facilitate.
Potentially affected air quality sensitive receptors have been identified for each element of the assessment and the magnitude of the change in air quality statistics at each receptor has been considered. The methods used to determine the significance of effect associated with air quality impacts are also described late in this section.
9.3.2
Fugitive emissions of airborne particulate matter are readily produced through the action of abrasive forces on materials and therefore a wide range of site preparation and construction activities have the potential to generate this type of emissions, including;
demolition work; earthworks, including the handling, working and storage of materials; construction activities and the transfer of dust making materials from the site onto the local road network.
Particulate matter in air is made up of particulates of a variety of sizes, and the concept of a ‘size fraction’ is used to describe particulates with sizes in a defined range. These definitions are based on the collection efficiency of specific sampling methods and each size fraction are especially associated with different types of impacts. In this assessment the term ‘dust’ is used to mean particulate matter in the size fraction 1µm - 75µm in diameter, as defined in BS 6069:1994 (BSI, 1994). Dust impacts are considered in terms of the change in airborne concentration and the change in the rate of deposition of dust onto surfaces.
The size fraction called ‘PM10’ is composed of material with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm in diameter and overlaps with the size fraction for dust. Air quality objectives (H.M. Government, 2007) for PM10 has been set for the protection of human health and the term PM10 is only used in this assessment when referring to the potential impact of emissions of particulate matter from demolition and construction activities on human health receptors. The short term, 24 hour mean objective for airborne concentrations of PM10 is the appropriate air quality objective for assessing the potential impact on health of short term fugitive emissions from demolition and construction sites.
The Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM, 2014) adopts a broad definition of dust that includes the potential for changes in airborne concentration, changes in deposition rates and the risk to human health and public amenity, when considering the significance of effects from emissions of fugitive particulate matter. In this assessment, specific reference is made to the impacts associated with specific size fractions (dust, PM10) within the assessment narrative, before considering the overall effect on receptors using an approach that is consistent with the IAQM’s guidance.
The nature of the impact requiring assessment varies between different types of receptor. In general receptors associated with higher baseline dust deposition rates are less sensitive to impacts, such as farms, light and heavy industry or outdoor storage facilities. In comparison some hi-technology industries or food processing plants operate under clean air conditions and increased airborne particulate matter concentrations may have an increased economic cost associated with the extraction of more material by the plants air filtration units. STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Table 9.2 provides some generic examples of the type of impacts that may result from fugitive emissions of particulate matter. The sensitivity of receptor types is listed for selected impacts, with sensitivity being described as ‘high’ for receptors that are especially sensitive to the specified impact. For example, industrial painting operations are considered to be more sensitive to the impact of material becoming soiled by depositing material, than residential properties or schools are.
Table 9.2: Types of Impacts from Emissions of Particulate Matter Receptor Types Nature of Impact Relative Sensitivity Affected
Residential Receptor sensitivity properties was considered when Air Quality Objective Change in 24 hour mean PM10 concentrations Schools Value was set. Hospitals and clinics Hospitals and clinics High Change in rate at which air filtration units Hi-tech industries High require maintenance Food processing High industries Painting and High furnishing operations Residential Medium properties Change in the rate at which material Schools Medium accumulates on glossy surfaces, such as Food retailers Medium glass or paint work Offices Medium Museums and Medium Galleries Glasshouses Medium Food processing High industries Painting and High furnishing operations Museums and Change in the rate at which property or High Galleries products becomes soiled by deposited material Residential High properties Food retailers Medium Offices Medium Horticultural Land Medium Ecological sites Medium - low Change in the rate at which mineral material Horticultural Land Medium - low is deposited onto vegetation Agricultural Land Low
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Receptor Types Nature of Impact Relative Sensitivity Affected
Ecological sites Medium - low
Outdoor Storage Medium - low Change in chemical composition of mineral Horticultural Land Low material deposited Agricultural Land Low
9.3.3
The incomplete combustion of fuel in vehicle engines results in the presence of hydrocarbons (HC) such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene, and sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), PM10 and PM2.5 in exhaust emissions. In addition, at the high temperatures and pressures found within vehicle engines, some of the nitrogen in the air and the fuel is oxidised to form NOX, mainly in the form of nitric oxide (NO), which is then converted to NO2 in the atmosphere. NO2 is associated with adverse effects on human health. Better emission control technology and fuel specifications are expected to reduce emissions per vehicle in the long term.
Exhaust emissions from road vehicles affect the concentrations of principal pollutants of concern; NO2, PM10 and PM2.5, at sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the development. Therefore, these pollutants will be the focus of the assessment of the significance of road traffic impacts.
Although SO2, CO, benzene and 1,3-butadiene are also present in motor vehicle exhaust emissions, detailed consideration of the associated impacts on local air quality is not considered relevant in the context of this proposal. Road traffic emissions of these substances have been reviewed by ESBC and nowhere within the administrative area is at risk of exceeding these objectives. The development proposals would not be capable of compromising the achievement of the relevant air quality objectives for the protection of human health. Emissions of SO2, CO, benzene and 1, 3-butadiene from road traffic are therefore not considered further within this assessment.
The magnitude of road traffic emissions for the baseline, do-minimum and do-something scenarios are calculated from traffic flow data. The assessment considers the operational phase impact of road traffic emissions at receptors adjacent to roads in the vicinity of the Project A scheme.
This assessment follows current guidance for the determination of baseline pollutant concentrations, and uses emission factors for road traffic calculated from Defra’s Emission Factor Toolkit (Version 5.2) (Defra, 2013).
9.3.4
Whilst ESBC undertakes its own monitoring and measurement of pollutant concentrations within its administrative area, none of the monitoring and measurement locations are situated within Uttoxeter or the air quality study area.
In the absence of existing data within the air quality study area, a baseline nitrogen dioxide survey has been undertaken. The survey was undertaken between 10th February and 6th May 2014.
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The data gathered during the survey has been used to inform the dispersion modelling exercise undertaken in this assessment, including for model verification. Data gathered during the survey has also provided a source of measured background NO2 data that has been used in this assessment.
In the absence of monitored concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 within the study area, back ground concentrations of these pollutants have been sourced from Defra’s background pollutant maps (Defra, 2013). Contributions to annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 from roads included within the dispersion model within the relevant 1 km by 1 km grid squares have been removed from the background concentration to avoid the double counting of sources.
The location of the nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes can be seen in Figure 1.
9.3.5
Receptors Potentially Affected by Emissions from Construction Phase Works
When assessing the impact of particulate emissions generated during construction works, receptors are defined as the nearest potentially sensitive receptor to the boundary of the site in each direction. These receptors have the potential to experience impacts of greater magnitude due to emissions of particulate matter generated by the works, when compared with other more distant receptors, or less sensitive receptors.
There are a number of receptors that are sensitive to dust in the immediate vicinity of the Project A construction site. These receptors include residential properties along Stanley Crescent and Greenacres Drive, and farm properties close to the new junction locations on the A50(T).
Receptors Potentially Affected by Operational Emissions
The concentration of road traffic emitted pollutants at the roadside or at sensitive receptors is influenced by a number of factors. These include background pollution levels and the amount of traffic emissions, which is dictated by traffic flow rates, composition and speed.
The air quality objective values for pollutants associated with road traffic have been set by the Expert Panel of Air Quality Standards at a level below the lowest concentration at which the more sensitive members of society have been observed to be adversely affected by exposure to each pollutant. Therefore all receptors that represent exposure of the public are of equal sensitivity as any member of the public could be present at those locations.
Impacts from baseline road traffic emissions are quantified at 15 existing representative receptors in the vicinity of Project A. The receptors are listed in Table 9.3 and their location displayed in Figure 1 (Appendix I).
Table 9.3: Air Quality Sensitive Receptors
Grid Reference Receptor Description X Y
R1 Residential property - Park View Farm 407278 335187 R2 Residential property - Anfield House Farm 407518 335032 R3 Residential property - Parks Farm 407092 334905 R4 Residential property - The Parks 407498 334742 STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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R5 Residential property on Tunnicliffe Way 407685 334636
R6 Residential property on Davies Drive 407940 334550 R7 Residential property on New Road 408017 334543 R8 Residential property on The Meadows 408117 334621 R9 Residential property on Greenacres Drive 408258 334630 R10 Residential property on Greenacres Drive 408297 334664 R11 Residential property on Badgery Close 408432 334678 R12 Residential property - The Bungalow 408564 334748 R13 Residential property on Ashbourne Road 408707 334676 R14 Residential property - Bangalore 408869 334752 R15 Residential property on Park Avenue 408805 334682
9.3.6
Construction Phase Dust Emissions
At present, there are no statutory UK or EU standards relating to the assessment or control of nuisance dust. The emphasis of the regulation and control of demolition and construction dust should therefore be the adoption of good working practices on site. Good design practice is a process that is informed by impact assessments and is able to avoid the potential for significant adverse environmental effects at the design stage. This approach assumes that mitigation measures, beyond those inherent in the proposed design, that are identified as being necessary in the impact assessment, will be applied during works (possibly secured by planning conditions, legal requirements or required by regulations) to ensure potential significant adverse effects do not occur.
Examples of accepted good site practice include guidelines published by the Building Research Establishment (Building Research Establishment, 2003), the Greater London Authority (Greater London Authority, 2006) and considerate contractor schemes.
A qualitative assessment has been undertaken to assess the significance of any effects on sensitive receptors. The steps in the assessment process are to consider potential sources of emissions on the basis of the main activity groupings identified by the IAQM (2014), including, demolition, earthworks, construction and track-out. For each activity group the same steps are applied with respect to the potential impacts at identified receptors, before coming to an overall conclusion about the significance of the effects predicted.
The steps are:
identify the nature, duration and the location of activities being carried out; establish the risk of significant effects occurring as a result of these activities; review the proposed or embedded mitigation against good site practice; identify additional mitigation measures, if necessary, to reduce the risk of a significant adverse effect occurring at receptors; and summarise the overall effect of the works with respect to fugitive emissions of particulate matter and then report the significance of the effects.
Construction Phase Road Traffic Emissions
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The construction phase of the Project A scheme is likely to lead to a small increase in the number of vehicles on the local highway network, for the duration of the construction works only. Environmental Protection UK (EPUK) (EPUK, 2010) set out criteria to establish the need for an air quality assessment for the construction phase of a development as being:
“Large, long-term construction sites that would generate large HGV flows (>200 per day) over a period of a year or more.”
It is unlikely that a development of this size would lead to this number of vehicle movements. The additional number of vehicle movements is not considered to be high enough to have the potential to cause a significant adverse effect at any local air quality sensitive receptor. Construction phase road traffic emissions are not considered further as it can be concluded with confidence that the effect on local air quality sensitive receptors will be not significant.
9.3.7
This assessment has used the latest version of dispersion model software ‘ADMS-Roads’ to quantify baseline pollution levels at selected receptors. ADMS-Roads is a modern dispersion model that has an extensive published track record of use in the UK for the assessment of local air quality impacts, including model validation and verification studies (CERC, 2013).
Dispersion Model Input Data and Model Conditions
Details of general model conditions are provided in Table 9.4 and described in more detail in the following text.
Table 9.4: General ADMS Roads Model Conditions
Variables Model Input
Surface roughness at source 0.5 m
Minimum Monin-Obukhov length for stable 10 m conditions
x,y coordinates determined by GIS, z =1.5m Receptor location (ground floor)
Emissions NOX, PM10, PM2.5
Emission factors UK Emission Factor Toolkit v5.2
1 year (2013) of hourly sequential Meteorological data meteorological data from East Midlands airport Emission profiles None used – conservative approach
Receptors Selected receptors only Long-term annual mean NO concentrations X Long-term annual mean PM10 Model output concentrations
Long-term annual mean PM2.5 concentrations
Traffic Data
The traffic data used in this assessment has been provided by Staffordshire County Council. The traffic data was provided in 24 hour Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) flow format for
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the baseline conditions in 2013 do-minimum conditions in 2015 and do-something conditions in 2015.
Due to the current uncertainty in the projected rate of improvement in vehicle emission rates contained with the Department for Transports current Emission Factor Toolkit, this assessment has assumed 2013 emission rates to be representative of conditions likely to be experienced in 2015.
Meteorological Data
The dispersion modelling exercise described in this report was informed by hourly sequential meteorological data from East Midlands Airport. The site of the meteorological station is approximately 35 km to the east of Uttoxeter and conditions there are considered to be representative of those experienced within the air quality study area.
Background Pollutant Concentration Data
The annual mean background concentration of NO2 used in this assessment has been sourced from the baseline NO2 survey undertaken by URS between February and May 2014. The location of the diffusion tube that is representative of background conditions is shown as tube location DT6 in Figure 1 (Appendix I). Annual mean background concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have been sourced from Defra’s background pollutant maps.
Due to the current uncertainty in the projected rate of improvement in background concentrations contained with Defra’s background pollutant maps, this assessment has assumed 2013 background pollutant concentrations are representative of those likely to be experienced in 2015. The background pollutant concentration data used in this assessment is summarised in Table 9.5.
Table 9.5: Background Pollutant Concentration Data Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean Receptor 3 3 3 NO2 (µg/m ) PM10 (µg/m ) PM2.5 (µg/m )
R1 21.4 13.6 9.4 R2 21.4 13.6 9.4 R3 21.4 14.6 9.9 R4 21.4 14.6 9.9 R5 21.4 14.6 9.9 R6 21.4 14.6 9.9 R7 21.4 15.9 11.1 R8 21.4 15.9 11.1 R9 21.4 15.9 11.1 R10 21.4 15.9 11.1 R11 21.4 15.9 11.1 R12 21.4 15.9 11.1 R13 21.4 15.9 11.1 R14 21.4 15.9 11.1 R15 21.4 15.9 11.1
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Bias Adjustment of Road Contribution Pollutant Concentrations
Model following the methodology described in LAQM TG(09) (Defra, 2009).
The period mean NO2 data gathered at the diffusion tubes located with the Project A air quality study area has been annualised to a projected annual mean concentration for 2013 following the methodology described in LAQM (TG (09).
The locations of the diffusion tubes were included within the dispersion model setup to represent baseline conditions in 2013. Modelled NO2 concentrations at the same locations were predicted and compared to the projected annual mean concentrations obtained from the survey. A summary of this comparison is shown in Figure 2 by the blue dots and trend line.
Figure 2 below shows that the difference between the measured and modelled annual mean NO2 concentrations at the diffusion tube locations was less than 10 %. The accuracy of the adjusted model was considered via the calculation of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). LAQM TG(09) (Defra, 2009) states that the RMSE of modelled predictions should ideally be 3 within 10 % of the air quality objective value for NO2 (4 μg/m ). In this instance, the RMSE was less than 2 μg/m3 and therefore predictions can be considered to be robust, without the need for the adjustment of model bias.
In the absence of locally sampled PM10 or PM2.5 data, an assumption has been made that the model would perform similarly for each primary pollutant considered. As such, the same method of non-adjustment has been applied to the modelled road PM10 and PM2.5 contributions, as recommended in LAQM TG (09) (Defra, 2009).
Figure 2: Comparison of Measured and Modelled Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations
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NOX to NO2 Conversion
To accompany the publication of the guidance document LAQM TG(09), a NOX to NO2 converter was made available as a tool to calculate the road NO2 contribution from modelled road NOX contributions. The most recent version of the tool is v3.2, released in 2012 (Defra 2012). The tool comes in the form of an MS Excel spreadsheet and uses borough specific data to calculate annual mean concentrations of NO2 from dispersion model output values of annual mean concentrations of NOX. This tool was used to calculate the total NO2 concentrations at receptors from the modelled road NOX contribution and associated background concentration. Due to the location of Project A, the all other urban setting has been selected.
Predicting the Number of Days in which the PM10 24-hr Mean Objective is Exceeded
The guidance document LAQM TG(03) sets out the method by which the number of days in which the PM10 24-hr objective is exceeded can be obtained based on a relationship with the predicted PM10 annual mean concentration. The most recent guidance (Defra, 2009) suggests no change to this method. As such, the formula used within this assessment is:
3 206 No. of Exceedance s 0.0014 * C 18.5 C
Predicting the Number of Days in which the NO2 Hourly Mean Objective is Exceeded
Research projects completed on behalf of Defra and the Devolved Administrations (Laxen and Marner (2003) and (AEAT, 2008)) have concluded that the hourly mean NO2 objective is unlikely to be exceeded if annual mean concentrations are predicted to be less the 60 µg/m3. In 2003, Laxen and Marner concluded:
“…local authorities could reliably base decisions on likely exceedances of the 1-hour objective for nitrogen dioxide alongside busy streets using an annual mean of 60 µg/m3 and above.”
The findings presented by Laxen and Marner (2003) are further supported by AEAT (2008) who revisited the investigation to complete an updated analysis including new monitoring results and additional monitoring sites. The recommendations of this report are:
“Local authorities should continue to use the threshold of 60µg/m3 NO2 as the trigger for considering a likely exceedance of the hourly mean nitrogen dioxide objective.”
Therefore, this assessment will evaluate the likelihood of exceeding the hourly mean NO2 objective by comparing predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations at all receptors to an 3 annual mean equivalent threshold of 60µg/m NO2. Where predicted concentrations are below 3 this value, it can be concluded with confidence that the hourly mean NO2 objective (200 µg/m NO2 not more than 18 times per year) will be achieved
9.3.8
Construction Phase Dust Emissions
For amenity effects (including that of dust), the aim is to bring forward a scheme, including mitigation measures if necessary, that does not introduce the potential for additional complaints to be generated as a result of Project A.
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The scale of the risk of adverse effects occurring due to each group of activities, with mitigation in place is described using the terms high, medium and low risk. The basis for the choice of descriptor is set out for each section. Experience in the UK (IAQM, 2014) is that good site practice is capable of mitigating the impact of fugitive emissions of particulate matter effectively. So that in all but the most exceptional circumstances, effects at receptors (Table 9.6) can be controlled to ensure effects are of negligible or slight adverse significance.
Table 9.6: Descriptors Applied to the Predicted Adverse Effects of Fugitive Emissions of Particulate Matter Significance of Effect at Description Single Receptor
A significant effect that is likely to be a material Substantial consideration in its own right. An significant effect that may be a material consideration in Moderate combination with other significant effects, but is unlikely to be a material consideration in its own right An effect that is not significant but that may be of local Slight concern Negligible An effect that is not a significant change
9.3.9
With regard to road traffic emissions, the change in pollutant concentrations with respect to do-minimum concentrations has been described at receptors that are representative of exposure to impacts on local air quality within the study area. The absolute magnitude of pollutant concentrations in the baseline and with development scenario is also described and this is used to consider the risk of the air quality limit values being exceeded in each scenario.
For a change of a given magnitude, the IAQM have published recommendations for describing the magnitude of impacts at individual receptors (Table 9.7) and describing the significance (Table 9.8) of such impacts (IAQM, 2009).
Table 9.7: Magnitude of Changes in Ambient Pollutant Concentrations of NO2 and PM10 Exceedances Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean Magnitude of the 24-hr Concentrations Concentrations Concentrations of Change 3 3 3 mean objective of NO2 (µg/m ) of PM10 (µg/m ) of PM2.5 (µg/m ) for PM10 (days)
Large Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea se se se se > 4 > 4 >2.5 > 4 Medium Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea se se se se 2 – 4 2 – 4 1.5 – 2.5 2 - 4 Small Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea se se se se 0.4 – 2 0.4 – 2 0.25 – 1.25 1 - 2
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Exceedances Annual Mean Annual Mean Annual Mean Magnitude of the 24-hr Concentrations Concentrations Concentrations of Change 3 3 3 mean objective of NO2 (µg/m ) of PM10 (µg/m ) of PM2.5 (µg/m ) for PM10 (days)
Imperceptible Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea Increase/decrea se se se se < 0.4 < 0.4 <0.25 < 1
3 A change in predicted annual mean concentrations of NO2 or PM10 of less than 0.4µg/m is considered to be so small as to be imperceptible (IAQM, 2009). A change (impact) that is imperceptible, given normal bounds of variation, would not be capable of having a direct effect on local air quality that could be considered to be significant.
The criteria in Table 9.7 relate to air quality statistics that are elevated about the objective values in many urban locations; however this is not the case with PM2.5. A change in the 3 annual mean concentration of PM2.5 equivalent to 1% of the objective value is 0.25μg/m . It is unusual for schemes of this type to give rise to a change of more than 0.1μg/m3.
All relevant receptors that have been selected to represent locations where people are likely to be present are based on impacts on human health. The air quality objective values have been set at concentrations that provide protection to all members of society, including more vulnerable groups such as the very young, elderly or unwell. As such the sensitivity of receptors was considered in the definition of the air quality objective values and therefore no additional subdivision of human health receptors on the basis of building or location type is necessary.
For receptors that are predicted to experience a perceptible change, the effect of the change on local air quality and the risk of exceeding the air quality objective value is summarised in Table 9.8. A small increase in annual mean concentrations, at receptors exposed to baseline concentrations that are just below the objective value (36µg/m3 to 40µg/m3) is considered to have a slight adverse effect as the slight increase in the risk of exceeding the objective value is significant. However, a small increase in annual mean concentration at receptors exposed to baseline concentrations that are below or well below (< 36µg/m3) is not likely to affect the achievement of the objective value and is therefore not a significant effect (negligible).
Table 9.8: Air Quality Impact Descriptors for changes in ambient pollutant concentrations of NO2 and PM10 Absolute Concentration in Change in Concentration Relation to Objective/Limit Value Small Medium Large Increase with Scheme
Above Objective/Limit Value Moderate Substantial Slight Adverse With Scheme (>40 g/m3) Adverse Adverse Just Below Objective/Limit Moderate Value With Scheme (36-40 Slight Adverse Moderate Adverse Adverse g/m3) Below Objective/Limit Value Negligible Slight Adverse Slight Adverse With Scheme (30-36 g/m3) Well Below Objective/Limit Negligible Negligible Slight Adverse Value With Scheme (<30 g/m3)
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Decrease with Scheme
Above Objective/Limit Value Slight Moderate Substantial Without Scheme (>40 g/m3) Beneficial Beneficial Beneficial Just Below Objective/Limit Slight Moderate Moderate Value Without Scheme (36-40 Beneficial Beneficial Beneficial g/m3)
Below Objective/Limit Value Slight Negligible Slight Beneficial Without Scheme (30-36 g/m3) Beneficial Well Below Objective/Limit Value Without Scheme (<30 Negligible Negligible Slight Beneficial g/m3)
9.3.10
The scale of the risk of adverse effects occurring due to each group of activities, with mitigation in place is described using the terms high, medium and low risk. The basis for the choice of descriptor is set out for each section. Experience in the UK (IAQM, 2012) is that good site practice is capable of mitigating the impact of fugitive emissions of particulate matter effectively. So that in all but the most exceptional circumstances, effects at receptors can be controlled to ensure effects are of negligible or slight adverse significance.
The potential for the scheme to contribute to or interfere with the successful implementation of policies and strategies for the management of local air quality are considered if relevant, but the principal focus is any change to the likelihood of future achievement of the air quality objective values set out in Table 9.1 for the following pollutants:
3 Annual mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration of 40 μg/m ; 3 Annual mean particulate matter (PM10) concentration of 40 μg/m ; 3 Annual mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations of 25 μg/m ; and 3 24-hour mean PM10 concentration of 50 μg/m not to be exceeded on more than 35 days per year 3 1-hour mean NO2 concentration of 200 µg/m not to be exceeded on more than 18 times per year
The achievement of local authority goals for local air quality management are directly linked to the achievement of the air quality objective values described above and as such this assessment focuses on the likelihood of future achievement of the air quality objective values.
In terms of the significance of the consequences of any adverse impacts, an effect is reported as being either ‘not significant’ or as being ‘significant’. If the overall effect of the development on local air quality or on amenity is found to be ‘moderate’ or ‘substantial’ this is deemed to be ‘significant’. Effects found to be ‘slight’ are considered to be ‘not significant’, although they may be a matter of local concern. ‘Negligible’ effects are considered to be ‘not significant’.
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9.4.1
In the absence of Local Authority baseline pollutant data in the air quality study area, URS has undertaken a diffusion tube survey in the vicinity of Project A. The data gathered provides an indication of baseline conditions at roadside and background locations within the air quality study area.
The diffusion tube survey was undertaken between 10th February and 6th May 2014. The period mean data has been annualised to a projected annual mean concentration for 2013 following the method described in LAQM TG(09). A summary of the annualisation exercise is provided in Table 9.9.
Table 9.9: Annualisation of NO2 Diffusion Tube Survey Data to 2013 Grid reference Bias Adjusted Tube Period Mean Annualised 3 a 3 b Annualised Mean number (µg/m ) Mean (µg/m ) 3 c X Y (µg/m ) DT1 408460 334682 107.8 109.5 95.2 DT2 408695 334654 37.6 38.0 33.0 DT3 408428 334593 29.5 30.0 26.1 DT4 407675 334624 26.6 27.0 23.5 DT5 407487 334941 34.3 34.9 30.3 DT6 407721 333965 22.8 23.2 20.2 a Measured mean gather between10th February and 6th May 2014. b Period mean annualised using automatic monitoring data from the following stations: Stoke-on-Trent Centre, Walsall Woodlands and Nottingham Centre. c Bias adjusted using a value of 0.87 obtained for the laboratory and tube type used from Defra’s diffusion tube bias adjustment spreadsheet.
The data displayed in Table 9.9 shows that annual mean concentrations of NO2 are in excess of the national air quality objective for that pollutant at locations in close proximity to the A50(T) and its approach to and from the roundabout with the B5030 (DT1). This particular diffusion tube was located approximately 4 m back from the eastbound carriageway of the dual carriageway and is not representative of relevant receptor exposure. Concentrations are likely to be elevated at this location due to rush hour congestion experienced on the eastbound carriageway as it approaches the B5030 roundabout, and due to vehicles accelerating on the westbound carriageway away from the same roundabout.
Elsewhere within the study area, at locations set further back from the A50(T) (DT3), annual mean concentrations of NO2 are either below or well below the national air quality objective for that pollutant.
9.4.2
The predicted do-minimum pollutant concentrations for the pollutants considered in this assessment are presented in Table 9.10 below.
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Table 9.10: Predicted Do Minimum Pollutant Statistics Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) No. Days Receptor PM10 >50 3 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 µg/m R1 24.6 14.2 9.8 1 R2 24.4 14.1 9.8 1 R3 23.6 15.0 10.2 1 R4 25.2 15.3 10.4 1 R5 25.8 15.4 10.4 1 R6 27.0 15.5 10.5 1 R7 27.5 16.9 11.8 1 R8 29.6 17.2 12.0 1 R9 30.9 17.2 12.0 1 R10 40.6 18.6 12.9 2 R11 39.7 18.4 12.8 2 R12 39.9 18.0 12.5 2 R13 34.0 17.4 12.1 1 R14 38.8 18.3 12.7 2 R15 31.9 17.2 12.0 1
In 2015, do-minimum air quality at locations where there is relevant exposure close to the A50(T) dual carriageway are predicted to exceed the national air quality objective for annual mean NO2, at the northern-most residential properties on Greenacres Drive (R10). Annual mean concentrations are at risk of exceeding the same air quality objective at other locations close to the A50(T), including the northern-most properties on Badgery Close (R11) to the south, and individual properties, such as The Bungalow (R12) and Bangalore (R14) to the north. The elevated concentrations predicted in close proximity to the A50(T) dual carriageway can likely be attributed to the congestion that is experienced along this particular stretch on the approach to and from the A50(T) roundabout with the B5030.
The annual mean NO2 concentrations predicted at receptors within close proximity to the A50(T) (R10, R11, R12 and R14) are close to, or are at risk of exceeding the national air quality objective for that pollutant. Concentrations predicted at these locations, which are situated between 15 and 20 m back from the A50(T) dual carriageway, are considerably less than that measured by diffusion tube DT1, which was located approximately 4 m back from the A50(T). Due to the range in concentration between the measured roadside value (DT1) and the predicted relevant exposure values (R10, R11, R12 and R14) there is some uncertainty regarding the extent of any exceedance experienced at the residential properties nearest to the A50(T) in the baseline and do-minimum scenarios. To reduce the current uncertainty in annual mean NO2 concentrations at these locations, additional measurement data would be required from locations set at various distances back from the A50(T) dual carriageway, preferably including on the façade of the nearest residential properties to the A50(T).
Elsewhere within the study area, further back from the A50(T), annual mean concentrations of NO2 are either below, or well below the national air quality objective for that pollutant. At all locations within the air quality study area, annual mean concentrations of NO2 are such that
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there is little risk that the hourly national air quality objective for the same pollutant is at risk of being exceeded.
Annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, and the number of exceedance of the 24 hour PM10 objective, are predicted to be well below the relevant national air quality objectives. Annual mean concentrations and the number of exceedances of these pollutants are predicted to be highest at receptor locations closest to the busy and congested stretch of the A50(T), near to the junction with the B5030.
9.4.3
A background level of dust exists in all urban and rural locations in the UK. Dust can be generated on a local scale from vehicle movements and from the action of wind on exposed soils and surfaces. Dust levels can be affected by long range transport of dust from distant sources into the local vicinity.
Residents currently experience dust deposition at a rate that is determined by the contributions of local and distant sources. This baseline rate of soiling is considered normal and varies dependent on prevailing climatic conditions. The tolerance of individuals to deposited dust is therefore shaped by their experience of baseline conditions.
Existing local sources of particulate matter includes windblown dust from agricultural land, exhaust emissions from energy plant and road vehicles, break and tyre wear from road vehicles and the long range transport of material from outside the study area.
9.5.1
The nature and duration of specific aspects of the construction works are, as yet, unknown. In the absence of detailed construction information, the assessment of construction dust effects has made several assumptions on the likely activities and phasing to be undertaken during the construction works.
As with other similar construction activities, early works will involve demolition and removal of existing road features where they are not being retained and earthworks for a new split grade junction. Both these activities have a potential to generate dust from the movement of dusty material and the temporary stockpiling of dusty materials. During the middle stages, the primary source of dust from the construction phase will be from the movement of dusty material such as hard-core, and the movement of construction related vehicles. The later phases incorporate activities, such as landscaping and finishing works, and have the potential to generate dust from the movement of materials associated with the earthworks and construction materials.
The receptors located close enough to the Project A site to potentially be adversely effected by the works, are residential properties situated along Park Avenue, Stanley Crescent, Greenacres Drive and along the A522 New Road, out to the west of Uttoxeter.
The potential impacts considered at the residential properties are:
Effects on Amenity and Property including changes to the rate of deposition of particulate matter onto glossy surface and other property; and Changes in 24 hr mean concentrations that might increase the risk of exposure to PM10 at levels that could exceed the 24 hr air quality objective.
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Demolition
The Project A proposals include the removal of existing junctions and the A522 bridge over the A50(T) to the northwest of Uttoxeter. There is a risk that emissions of dust and PM10 associated with the demolition work could impact upon the nearest sensitive receptors located within 350 m of the works.
Standard mitigation measures would be implemented onsite to control emissions of dust and PM10 during the demolition works. Such measures are in common use on all well managed construction sites across the UK and, if implemented correctly, have a proven track record of controlling emissions so that a significant effect does not occur. Such mitigation measures considered good practice include, but are not limited to:
required demolition works to be undertaken in a phased and controlled manner; the dampening down of potential dust generating demolition activities; regular inspections of works for visible signs of emissions of dust and early application of measures to minimise emissions at source; and considerate location of temporary storage of dusty materials and material transfer operations so that it is as far from the nearest sensitive receptors as practicable.
The nearest receptors are within 100m from the Project A demolition works, but are not densely populated. Given the likely methods of work, scale and materials involved in the demolition works, it is considered that with good site practice, the demolition works would have a negligible impact on amenity and on short term PM10 concentrations at all receptors.
Earthworks
Site clearance works, the creation of raised mounds for the new slip roads and split grade junctions and temporary stockpiling of material represent the principal activities that may generate emissions of particulate material.
The potential for stockpiles of materials to generate dust depends on the nature of the material. Earth is soft and friable compared to hardcore. However, hardcore generally has a lower moisture content than soil, and consequently they can both be a potential source of dust.
Standard mitigation measures would be implemented onsite to control emissions of dust and PM10 during the earthworks. Such measures are in common use on all well managed construction sites across the UK and, if implemented correctly, have a proven track record of controlling emissions so that a significant effect does not occur. Such mitigation measures considered good practice include, but are not limited to:
agree lines of communication between local authority pollution control officer and contractor(s) prior to commencement of works and procedure for reporting dust events or complaints from local residents; minimise drop heights and chutes where practicable; during extended periods of dry weather (especially over holiday periods) plan for additional mitigation measures to avoid wind-blown dust issues both within and outside normal working hours; and avoid long term stockpiles of material on site without application of measures to stabilise the material surface, such as application of suppressants or, seeding.
The risk of amenity effects and the amount of mitigation effort required is strongly influenced by weather conditions at the time of the works. The nearest receptors are less than 50m from the Project A earthworks, although they are not densely populated. Given the likely methods of
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work, scale and materials involved in the earthworks, it is considered that with good site practice, the they would have a slight adverse impact on amenity and a negligible impact on short term PM10 concentrations at all receptors.
Construction
Dust emissions during construction can give rise to elevated dust deposition and PM10 concentrations. These are generally short-lived changes over a few hours or days, which occur over a limited time period of several weeks or months.
Placing activities which are a potential source of PM10 such as cutting and grinding of materials and cement mixing (if there is any) away from boundaries would minimise the possibility of exposure to PM10 at receptors within 30 m of the site boundary. If this measure is implemented, then impacts on PM10 concentrations at local receptors are capable of being reduced to a negligible level. Good site practice measures during this phase of the project are similar to those described above.
Standard mitigation measures would be implemented onsite to control emissions of dust and PM10 during the earthworks. Such measures are in common use on all well managed construction sites across the UK and, if implemented correctly, have a proven track record of controlling emissions so that a significant effect does not occur. Such mitigation measures considered good practice include, but are not limited to:
placing activities which are a potential source of PM10 such as cutting and grinding of materials and cement mixing (if there is any) away from boundaries would minimise the possibility of exposure to PM10 at receptors within 30 m of the site boundary. adoption of mobile booths for cutting and grinding operations if work cannot be undertaken away from sensitive receptors; and the provision of dust suppression on site to be applied during adverse meteorological conditions or as and when potential dust generating activities are being undertaken.
The closest receptors are within 50m of the Project A construction works, but are not densely populated. Given the likely methods of work, scale and materials involved in the construction works, it is considered that with good site practice, the construction works would have a negligible impact on amenity and on short term PM10 concentrations at all receptors.
Track-out of Material
The construction vehicles that access the site are likely to do so from the existing A50(T) dual carriageway, which is a fully paved public road. However, over the course of the works. There will be periods when construction vehicles have to drive over unsurfaced haul ground.
Facilities for the washing of vehicles and vehicle wheels might provide an appropriate means of minimising the potential for material to be transferred onto the local road network. However, the use of washing also leads to wetting of local roads near the access and can, if not carefully managed, spread material further along the local road network.
Once on-site roads have been constructed, wheel washing provides less benefit and is not recommended. However, regular inspection of the local roads within 200 m of the site access point(s) should be undertaken and street cleaning applied as necessary.
The impact of track-out of material can be minimised by limiting the amount of material transferred onto local roads and by removal of any transferred material from the roads. The
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impacts associated with the track-out of material can be controlled such that it would have a negligible effect on amenity and on short term PM10 concentrations at all receptors.
Conclusions
The conclusions of the construction dust assessment are summarised in Table 9.11. Overall the impacts of the construction phase activities are considered to be negligible, which is not considered to represent a significant effect.
Table 9.11: Summary of Construction Phase Emissions Significance, with Mitigation
Exposure to PM10 at Effects on Amenity levels that could Source Ecological Effects and Property exceed the 24-hr air quality objectives
Demolition Negligible None Negligible
Earthworks Slight Adverse None Negligible
Construction Negligible None Negligible
Track-out Negligible None Negligible
Overall Significance Negligible
9.5.2
The predicted do-something pollutant concentrations for the pollutants considered in this assessment are presented in Table 9.12 below.
Table 9.12: Predicted Do-Something Pollutant Statistics Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) No. Days Receptor PM10 >50 3 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 µg/m R1 25.8 14.3 9.9 1 R2 24.3 14.1 9.8 1 R3 23.8 15.0 10.2 1 R4 25.7 15.3 10.4 1 R5 25.2 15.3 10.4 1 R6 25.4 15.3 10.4 1 R7 26.6 16.8 11.7 1 R8 30.0 17.2 12.0 1 R9 31.5 17.2 12.0 1 R10 42.1 18.8 13.1 3 R11 41.0 18.5 12.9 2 R12 40.4 18.0 12.6 2 R13 34.0 17.4 12.1 1 STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) No. Days Receptor PM10 >50 3 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 µg/m R14 38.9 18.3 12.7 2 R15 31.9 17.2 12.0 1
In 2015, with Project A in operation, air quality at locations where there is relevant exposure close to the A50(T) dual carriageway is predicted to exceed the national air quality objective for annual mean NO2 (R10 – R12). These locations include residential properties on Greenacres Drive (R10) and Badgery Close (R11) to the south, and the property ‘The Bungalow’ (R12) to the north. Annual mean concentrations are at risk of exceeding that national air quality objective for NO2 at the residential property ‘Bangalore’ (R14), to the east of the A50(T) roundabout with the B5030.
Elsewhere within the study area, further back from the A50(T), annual mean concentrations of NO2 are either below, or well below the national air quality objective for that pollutant. At all locations within the air quality study area, annual mean concentrations of NO2 are such that there is little risk that the hourly national air quality objective for the same pollutant is at risk of being exceeded.
Annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, and the number of exceedance of the 24 hour PM10 objective, are predicted to be well below the relevant national air quality objectives. Annual mean concentrations and the number of exceedances of these pollutants are predicted to be highest at receptor locations closest to the busy and congested stretch of the A50(T), near to the junction with the B5030.
The change in pollutant concentration predictions between the future do-minimum and future do-something scenario, due to Project A in operation, is shown in Table 9.13.
Table 9.13: Magnitude of change in predicted Baseline and with scheme scenarios 3 No. Days Recepto Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) PM10 >50 r 3 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 µg/m +<1 (i) R1 +1.2 (s) +0.1 (i) +0.1 (i) R2 -0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R3 +0.2 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) +<1 (i) R4 +0.5 (s) +0.1 (i) 0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R5 -0.5 (s) -0.1 (i) -0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R6 -1.6 (s) -0.2 (i) -0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R7 -0.9 (s) -0.1 (i) -0.1 (i) R8 +0.3 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R9 +0.6 (s) +0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R10 +1.5 (s) +0.2 (i) +0.1 (i) +1 (s) R11 +1.3 (s) +0.2 (i) +0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R12 +0.5 (s) +0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i)
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3 No. Days Recepto Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) PM10 >50 r 3 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 µg/m R13 +0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R14 +0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) R15 +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<0.1 (i) +<1 (i) Where (i) = imperceptible, (s) = small and (m) = medium.
In the do-something scenario, with Project A in operation, the impact on annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, and the number of exceedances of the PM10 24 hour objective, are imperceptible (<0.4 µg/m3) to small (0.4 µg/m3 to 2 µg/m3) at all receptors considered. A change of such magnitude at receptors that are predicted to experience concentrations that are well below the relevant national air quality objectives, result in a negligible effect, which is not considered to be significant.
Table 9.13 shows that the magnitude of change in annual mean concentrations of NO2 is predicted to be small (0.4 µg/m3 to 2 µg/m3) at locations closest to the A50(T), to the west of the junction with the B5030 (R10 – R12). A change of this magnitude in a location where receptors are predicted to experience concentrations that are close to or in excess of the national air quality objective, results in a slight adverse effect, which is not considered to be significant. Such an effect is only likely to occur at a small number of properties in close proximity to the A50(T) dual carriageway and its junction with the B5030, where there is often congestion approaching and leaving that roundabout. Whilst such an effect is not considered to be significant, it is likely to be of local concern, due to the apparent risk to the national air quality objective at this location and the fact that the area is not currently designated as an AQMA.
Elsewhere, annual mean concentrations of NO2 are predicted to increase with Project A in operation by a imperceptible to small magnitude at receptors located further back from the A50(T). Annual mean concentrations of NO2 are also predicted to decrease with Project A in operation by an imperceptible to small amount at receptors located near to the existing A50(T) westbound junction with the A522, where the alignment of that junction is set to change. An increase or decrease in annual mean concentrations of NO2 of this magnitude, at locations that are predicted to experience concentrations that are below the national air quality objective, results in a negligible effect, which is not considered to be significant.
In general, construction activities have the potential to generate fugitive dust emissions as a result of demolition, earthworks, construction, or trackout of material. However, for Project A, the concentrations of any airborne particulate matter generated by construction activities would be controlled using on site management practices to the extent that Project A should give rise to effects of negligible significance on dust deposition rates at the nearest sensitive receptors. The impact of fugitive emissions of PM10 at these receptors, with proposed mitigation applied would also be negligible. Overall the effect of fugitive emissions of particulate matter (dust and PM10) from the proposed Project A works is considered to be not significant with respect to potential effects on health and amenity.
The advanced dispersion model ADMS Roads has been used to quantify the change in pollutant concentrations at representative existing air quality sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the Project A site. This has been based on predicted emissions data from the change in traffic flow as a result of Project A. The predictions of annual mean nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and fine particulate matter concentrations have been made for baseline and operational scenarios in 2015.
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The dispersion modelling exercise has been informed by a baseline nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube survey undertaken by URS between February and May 2014. The survey identified that annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were in exceedance of the national air quality objective at locations immediately adjacent to the A50(T) dual carriageway, near to its junction with the B5030. The survey also found that annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide fall rapidly with distance from the A50(T), so that concentrations are below the national air quality objective for that pollutant at 40 m back. In light of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured during the short-term diffusion tube survey, it is suggested that further measurement of nitrogen dioxide is undertaken within the air quality study area, near to the A50(T) and the junction with the B5030. Such measurements should preferably include locations on the façade of the nearest residential dwellings facing the A50(T) dual carriageway.
In 2015, do-minimum annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and fine particulate matter, and the number of days where the 24 hour PM10 concentration is above 50 μg/m3, are predicted to be well below the relative air quality objectives at the majority of receptors considered. Annual mean concentrations of NO2 are predicted to be at risk of or exceeding the national air quality objective for that pollutant at those receptors located in close proximity to the A50(T) dual carriageway, near to its junction with the B5030. These properties include the northern-most residential dwellings off Greenacres Drive and Badgery Close, to the south of the A50(T), and the residential property ‘The Bungalow’, to the north of the A50(T).
In the 2015 do-something scenario, annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are predicted to increase by an imperceptible to small magnitude across the study area. At the locations where there is predicted to be a risk of an exceedance of this pollutant, such a change would result in a slight adverse effect, which is not considered to be significant. Project A would also lead to imperceptible to small increases and decreases in annual mean concentrations of particulate matter and fine particulate matter, and the number of days where 3 the 24 hour PM10 concentration is above 50 μg/m , at other locations within the study area. Changes of this magnitude, at locations that are predicted to experience air quality that is below the national air quality objectives, would result in an effect of negligible to minor adverse significance, which is not considered to be significant.
On balance, the magnitude of change in annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at locations close to the A50(T) means that Project A would have a slight adverse effect on local air quality. Such an effect is not considered to be significant.
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This chapter was prepared by URS Infrastructure & Environment Ltd.
The Land Quality, Geology and Soil Contamination chapter of the Environmental Statement (ES) assesses the impact of the proposed development on ground conditions, land quality and soil contamination. In particular, it describes the existing ground conditions and contamination and considers the potential impacts of the proposed development during the demolition, construction and operation phases. It also considers strategies to avoid, minimise or control the impacts.
10.1.1
The following legislation and policy applies to Land Quality, Geology and Soil Contamination at the national level: Environmental Protection Act 1990 Part II (as amended) Environment Act 1995 Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 Control of Pollution (amendment) Act 1989 Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC New Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC Controlled Waste (Registration of Carriers and Seizure of Vehicles) Regulations 1991 (as amended) Controlled Waste Regulations 1992 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991 (as amended) Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC (OJEU, 2008) The Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 The Contaminated Land (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012 The Environment Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2012
The East Staffordshire Borough Council Local Plan 2006 ‘Saved’ Policies extended beyond 20 July 2009 does not contain any ‘saved’ policies relating to Land Quality, Geology and Soils Contamination issues.
Other key relevant documentation includes:
Environment Agency (2004) Contaminated Land Report (CLR) 11 ‘Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination’; DEFRA (2012) Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part 2A Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance Environment Agency (EA) GP3 ‘Groundwater Protection: Policy and Practice’
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British Standards 10175 ‘Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites – Code of Practice’ 2011; and CIRIA C665 ‘Assessing risks posed by hazardous ground gases to buildings’ 2007. CIRIA SP32 ‘Construction over abandoned mine workings’ 1984. CRIA C552 Contaminated Land Risk Assessment A Guide to Good Practice. 2001. CIRIA C692 Environmental Good Practice on Site. 3rd Edition 2010. CL:AIRE The Definition of Waste. Development Industry Guide to Good Practice. 2011 Environment Agency’s ‘TR P5-065/TR: Technical Aspects of Site Investigation (Volumes 1 & 2)’ 2002 East Staffordshire Borough Council (2010) A Guide for the Redevelopment of Land Affected by Contamination in Staffordshire 3rd Ed. Endorsed by Staffordshire Local Authorities DoT (1993) ‘Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Vol. 11 Section 3 Part 11 Geology and Soils’ Highways Agency (1995) Advice Note ‘HA73/95 – Site Investigation for Highway Works in Contaminated Land’
The assessment of impacts to and from the existing ground conditions from development is undertaken using importance and significance criteria that have been developed by the project team, and successfully applied to other environmental impact assessments. The methodology considers the potential presence of land and groundwater contamination as well as sites of geological/geomorphological significance such as geological conservation features or mineral resources. Geotechnical constraints e.g. differential settlement, subsidence and the potential for explosive ground gas accumulation is also highlighted within the report with the development infrastructure identified as the main receptor.
The Phase I Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Assessment is used to establish the baseline conditions. The Conceptual Site Model (CSM) presented in the Phase I report is integrated into the baseline conditions. All supporting information is consistent with the risk- based framework adopted in the Environment Agency document “Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination - CLR11” (Environment Agency, 2004).
Where necessary, risks to flora and fauna arising from anticipated re-modelling of the landscaping is assessed in line with current EA guidance including “Guidance on the use of soil screening values in Ecological Risk Assessment” (2008) and/or BS3882 “Specification for Topsoil and Requirements for Use” (2007).
Potential and actual sources of contamination associated with the sites are identified by considering the:
Current and previous land use from a study of existing reports, current and historic maps information, photos, local history sources, and environmental database information; and Available intrusive site investigation data and contamination/ground conditions assessment.
Following the identification of potential sources of contamination, the presence and sensitivity of receptors at risk from potential or known contamination are identified by consideration of the following:
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Surrounding land uses, based on mapping and site visits and existing planning designations; Proposed end-use, based on the nature of the Proposed Developments; Type of construction operations that will be necessary as part of any proposed developments; Surrounding sites of nature conservation importance; and Geology, hydrogeology and hydrology of the Application Site and surrounding area.
Where a significant source has been identified and potential sensitive receptors are present, then the potential effects can be determined by considering the pathways through which the source/hazard may affect the receptors. The magnitude of effect and then significance of effect is then determined taking due account of the strength of pathway between a source and a receptor.
For each of the potential effects assessed to be likely, a qualitative assessment can be made on the significance of the effect to the receptor.
10.2.1
The impact is assessed in terms of the sensitivity or importance of a receptor or feature, and the magnitude of change of scale of impact during the construction, operation and decommissioning. The importance of potentially affected geological/geomorphological features and the sensitivity of receptors, which may be affected by land contamination impacts, have been assessed on the basis of the four-point scale shown in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1: Sensitivity/value of receptor Value or Receptors Susceptible to Land Soil and Geological Resources Sensitivity Contamination and Ground Hazard Impacts High Future site users (residential Internationally and nationally development) designated sites Residential areas or schools within 50 Regionally important sites with m of construction works limited potential for substitution Construction workers involved in below High quality agricultural soils (Grade ground works 1 and 2) or soils of high nature Water features deemed to be of high conservation or landscape value importance Ecological features deemed to be of Presence of significant mineral high value reserves and within a Mineral Allotments, arable farmland, livestock Consultation Area or market gardens on or adjacent to the Soil/materials disposal required site following earthworks resulting in a significant increase in demand on waste management infrastructure Medium Future site users (commercial Regionally important sites with development) potential for substitution Residential areas or schools within 50 Locally designated sites with limited to 250 m of construction works potential for substitution Commercial areas within 50 m of Good quality agricultural soils (Grade construction works 3a) or soils of medium conservation Construction workers involved in above or landscape importance ground works Site within a Mineral Consultation Water features deemed to be of Area STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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medium value Soils/materials disposal required Ecological features deemed to be of following earthworks resulting in a medium value moderate increase in demand on The built environment including waste management infrastructure buildings and infrastructure Low Future site users (industrial, car park, Undesignated sites of some local highways and railway related earth heritage interest development) Moderate or poor quality agricultural Residential areas >250 m from soils (Grade 3b or 4) or soils of low construction works nature conservation or landscape Commercial areas within 50 to 250 m importance of construction works Limited potential for mineral reserves Water features deemed to be of low and site not within a Mineral value Consultation Area Ecological features of low value Soil/materials disposal required following earthworks resulting in a limited increase in Negligible Areas where there are no built Other sites with little or no local earth structures, crops, or livestock heritage interest Commercial areas >250 m of Very poor quality agricultural soils construction works (Grade 5) or soils of negligible nature Ecological features deemed to be of conservation or landscape negligible value importance. Negligible potential for mineral reserves to exist
Table 10.2 sets out the magnitude criteria used to assess the magnitude of impacts in this chapter.
Table 10.2 Magnitude Criteria Magnitude Receptors Susceptible to Land Soil and Geological of Impact Contamination and Ground Hazard Impacts Resources Major Human Health: Acute risk to human health Loss of feature or attribute Controlled Waters: Substantial acute pollution Earthworks resulting in high or long term degradation of sensitive water volume of surplus soil for off- resources (Principal Aquifer, groundwater site disposal source protection zone, surface waters of good Classification of surplus soil or very good quality) as Hazardous Waste where Ecology: Significant change to the number of the intention is to discard one or more species or ecosystems Built Environment: Catastrophic damage to buildings, structures or the environment Landscaping/Agriculture: Loss in value of livestock or crops as a result of death, disease, or physical damage. Moderate Human Health: Chronic risk to human health Impact on integrity of or Controlled Waters: Pollution of non-sensitive partial loss of feature or water resources or small scale pollution of attribute sensitive water resources (Principal or Earthworks resulting in Secondary Aquifers of water courses of fair moderate volume of surplus quality or below1) soil for off-site disposal Ecology: Change to population densities of STAFFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL May 2014
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non-sensitive species Built Environment: Damage to buildings, structures or the environment Landscaping/Agriculture: Non-permanent health effects to vegetation/crops from disease or physical damage, which results in a reduction in value. Minor Human Health: Slight reversible short-term Minor impact on feature or effects to human health attribute Controlled Waters: Slight pollution of non- Earthworks resulting in low sensitive water resources volume of surplus soil for off- Ecology: Some change to population densities site disposal of non-sensitive species with no negative effects on the function of the ecosystem Built Environment: Easily reparable effects of damage to buildings or structures Landscaping/Agriculture: Slight or short term health effects which result in slight reduction in value Negligible Human Health: No measurable effects on Impact of insufficient humans magnitude to affect use or Controlled Waters: Insubstantial pollution to integrity of feature or attribute non-sensitive water resource No off-site disposal of surplus Ecology: No significant changes to population soil required densities in the environment or in any ecosystem Built Environment: Very slight non-structural damage or cosmetic harm to buildings or structures Landscaping/Agriculture: No significant reduction in landscape value.
The significance of the effect of the impact has been determined in accordance with the matrix shown in Table10.3 below.
Table 10.3 Impact Significance Matrix Magnitude of Value / Sensitivity of Feature / Receptor Potential Impact High Medium Low Negligible Moderate Major Major Adverse Minor Adverse Negligible Adverse Moderate Moderate Moderate Minor Adverse Negligible Adverse Adverse
Minor Minor Adverse Minor Adverse Negligible Negligible
Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Major Moderate Minor Positive Negligible Beneficial Beneficial Beneficial
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The baseline conditions first set out the current and historical context of the sites, followed by their environmental setting and sensitivity. A review of any previous contamination or ground related assessments, together with details of any existing remedial measures in place across the sites then follows. The environmental setting is important because the topography, geology, hydrogeology and hydrology of the site are the main factors that influence the way in which contaminants in the soil or groundwater can be transported on or off site and the ways in which contamination can impact upon receptors.
The following sources of information have been used in establishing the baseline conditions:
The BGS geological map Sheet SK03SE 1:10,560
The BGS solid and drift geological map for Burton Upon Trent (Sheet 140) 1:50,000
Landmark Information Group Ltd (2014) Envirocheck Report (Site at 407350, 334970) 55377518_1_1 (16/04/2014)
BGS Borehole records (various)
National Soil Resources Institute (2014) Full Soils Site Report (553775182).
Agricultural Land Classification Map (1:250,000 Series) West Midlands Region
10.3.1 Current Land Use
The site mainly contains a section of the A50(T) Highway which runs from Warrington to Leicester. It includes the A522 slip roads and bridge. The North of the A50(T) comprises agricultural lands and the River Tean. There are agricultural fields to the south and residential development. To the Northwest between A50(T)0 and A522 roads is an industrial park. A petrol filling station is present to the east of Project A.
10.3.2
A review of the available historical data for the area in question has yielded the following information and potential contaminative uses within the boundaries and vicinity of the site as presented in Table 10.4:
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Table 10.4 Review of Historical Data Report
Description Date Scale Within Site Boundary Outside Site Boundary
A feature identified as an ‘Old Canal’ is identified on the eastern half of the general route of the current A50(T), Quarrying of sand & clay around the adjacent to the southern side Park’s Farm located to the south of of the road and crosses the 1:10,56 the current A50(T) to the west of the 1889 road and heads north. The 0 site boundary. Clay bricks and tiles ‘Old Canal’ is identified within factory located on New Road to the the Envirocheck Historical east of the site boundary Data Report as an infilled feature. The area adjacent to the ‘Old Canal’ appears to be in agricultural use.
Potentially infilled land (water) noted between A50(T) and A522 (around Ch. 700) at 1:10,56 eastern side of the site. This is Four additional sand & clay quarries 1901 0 described as ‘Unknown Filled located to the north of River Tean. Ground (pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc.). No other significant changes are noted.
Only one sand and clay quarry now present at the north of River Tean. The potentially infilled land is 1:10,56 The Clay bricks and tiles factory on 1924 no longer present. No other 0 the New Road is no longer present. significant changes are noted. No other significant changes are noted.
Potentially infilled land (water) 1:10,56 present on the A50(T) road 1938 No significant changes are noted 0 (around Ch. 700). No significant changes are noted.
The potentially infilled land is 1:10,56 1955 no longer present. No other No significant changes are noted 0 significant changes are noted.
Potentially Infilled Lands (Non-Water) described as ‘Unknown Filled Ground (Pit, quarry etc.)’ not around the 1:2,500 Tanks noted on A50(T) Park’s Farm and very close to the 1976 1:10,00 (around Ch. 850) No other south of New Road (around MC11). 0 significant changes are noted. Electrical Sub Station Facilities present to the south east of the site. The sand and clay quarries are no longer noted.
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Date Scale Description
No significant changes are Gas monitoring facilities present to 1981 1:2,500 noted. the south east of the site
The tanks on A50(T) are no 1987 1:2,500 longer present. No other No significant changes noted. significant changes noted
Five potentially infilled lands (Non- Water) are seen to the north east of 1:10,00 1992 No significant changes noted. River Tean. The electrical substation 0 and gas monitoring facilities are no longer present.
10.3.3
For geological information on the site, the BGS Solid and Drift Maps for Burton upon Trent, (Sheet 140) 1:50,000, and the 1:10,560 scale BGS map SK03SE.
10.3.4
Review of the BGS maps and the BGS borehole records from the Envirocheck Report (55377518_1_1), indicates that there is no Made Ground expected to be present on site. However, Made Ground may be encountered on site as a result of the earthworks materials from A50(T) construction and the backfill of the former Sand and Gravel pits located to the south of the Project A proposals. If the sand and gravel pits were excavated into the river alluvium there is a possibility that they will contain saturated backfill below the water table. Topsoil with approximately 0.3m thickness was observed from the borehole records.
10.3.5
The BGS Map for Burton upon Trent Solid & Drift (Sheet 140) 1:50,000, indicates that Alluvium Deposits (Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel) are present across most of the area of the existing A50(T) road within the site boundary. The Alluvium Deposits are underlain by Glacial Sand and Gravel (Glaciofluvial Deposits). The Glaciofluvial Deposits are more prominent in the centre of the Project A proposals along the A50(T) road. An area in the western side of the site (between A50(T) and A522) and to the south of the A50(T) road are shown to be underlain by Till (Boulder Clay) deposits. The current route of the A50(T) is on the same level as surrounding land.
10.3.6
The BGS Solid Map for Burton upon Trent Solid & Drift (Sheet 140) 1:50,000 and the 1:10,560 scale BGS map SK03SE indicated that the underlying solid geology is comprised of Mercia Mudstone Group – Mudstone (formerly Keuper Marl). The Mercia Mudstone Group is described by the British Geological Survey as ‘dominantly red, less commonly green-grey, mudstones and subordinate siltstones with thick halite-bearing units in some basinal areas; thin beds of gypsum/anhydrite widespread; sandstones are also present’.
10.3.7
No geological faults have been noted within or in close vicinity (ca. 1km) to the site.
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10.3.8
The site is located within a Mineral Consultation Area according to the BGS Revision of Mineral Consultation Areas for Staffordshire County Council. There are five (5) BGS Recorded Mineral Sites within 250m of the site as presented in Table 10.5. These are opencast mines for Sand and Gravel and Common Clay and Shale. All the mineral sites have ceased operation.
The site is not within a Coal Mining area.
Table 10.5 BGS Recorded Mineral Sites
Site Distance Location Type Commodity Status Name
Park’s Uttoxeter, Sand and 0m Opencast Ceased Farm Staffordshire Gravel
Uttoxeter, Sand and 39m (S) The Park Opencast Ceased Staffordshire Gravel
Common Stramshall, 109m (N) Stramshall Opencast Clay and Ceased Uttoxeter Shale
202m Stramshall, Sand and Stramshall Opencast Ceased (NE) Uttoxeter Gravel
221m Stramshall, Sand and Stramshall Opencast Ceased (NE) Uttoxeter Gravel
10.3.9
The National Soil Resources Institute (NSRI) Soils Site Report and the DEFRAs Magic website were reviewed for the site soils information.
It is noted in the (NSRI) Soils Site Report that the soils spatial distribution within the Project A boundary is of the Wigton Moor soil association. This is described as ‘permeable fine and coarse loamy soils variably affected by groundwater. The drier soils being on slightly raised sites’. The soils within the Project A boundary are described as naturally wet loamy soils with naturally high groundwater, with low fertility.
The soils have low potential for ground movement and minor flood vulnerability risk. Under the Groundwater Protection Policy (GWPP) Soil Leaching Class, they are noted as ‘soils of high leaching potential, which readily transmit liquid discharges because they are either shallow, or susceptible to rapid bypass flow directly to rock, gravel or groundwater’.
The Agricultural Land Classification for most of the Project A extent along the A50(T) road is classed as Grade 4 (Poor). The land in the north and southwest areas of Project A are classed as Grade 3 (Good to Moderate). The land in the southeast area of the Project A proposals is classed Non-Agricultural Land (predominantly in urban use).
10.3.10
The underlying Alluvium and Glacial Sand and Gravel Deposits (Superficial Deposits), which are present along the A50(T) route, are classified as Secondary B Aquifer according to the
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Envirocheck Report. The Till (Boulder Clay) deposit which underlies the southern part of the site and the area between A50(T) and A522 roads are classed as Unproductive Strata.
The Environment Agency defines Secondary B aquifers as ‘predominantly lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering. These are generally the water- bearing parts of the former non-aquifers’.
The Unproductive Strata are defined as “rock layers or drift deposits with low permeability that has negligible significance for water supply or river base flow”.
The underlying bedrock of the Mercia Mudstone Group in the area of the site is classified by the Environment Agency as a Secondary B aquifer. This type of aquifer is described by the EA as ‘predominantly lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering’. This type of aquifer is noted by the EA as generally the water-bearing parts of the former non-aquifers. The Mercia Mudstone sequence contains thin siltstone / sandstone bands known as ‘skerries’, which are thin permeable horizons and which can be water bearing.
The current Ecological Quality and Chemical Quality of the groundwater is classed ‘Good’ by the Environment Agency. It is predicted that both the groundwater Ecological and Chemical Quality will remain unchanged until at least 2015.
There are no Source Protection Zones located within 500m of the site. However, a Source Protection Zone III (Total Catchment) is located 744m to the NW of the site. This SPZ is associated with the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. The Total Catchment Zone is defined by the EA as ‘the area around a source within which all groundwater recharge is presumed to be discharged at the source. In confined aquifers, the source catchment may be displaced some distance from the source’.
10.3.11
The key hydrological feature in the vicinity of the site is the River Tean, which approximately 50-100m to the north of the site boundary. The River Tean is a tributary of the River Dove, which is a tributary of the River Trent. The River Tean flows in an easterly direction into the River Dove. The current Ecological Quality of the River is classed as ‘Moderate’ by the Environment Agency, whilst the current Chemical Quality is classed as ‘Good’. It is predicted that both the Ecological and Chemical Quality of the River will remain unchanged until at least 2015.
The land in the vicinity of The River Tean in the northern side site is mainly located within the Flood Zone 3) on the Environment Agency Flood Map. An issue flows west to east along the northern Project A boundary. The issue then flows into the River Tean.
The following contamination assessment is based on the information collated for the desk study. Ground investigation works have not been undertaken as part of this assessment.
10.4.1
In accordance with the stated methodology the Conceptual Site Model (CSM) developed in the desk study report is summarised here. The CSM defines the plausible contaminant source, pathway and receptor linkages, which is integral to defining the baseline conditions. The following sections detail the CSM, which has been developed for the Development. The
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potential sources of contamination, potential receptors and potential pollutant pathways are identified for the site.
10.4.2
This section summarises those former/current on-site and off-site activities that have been identified as potential sources of contamination. These activities may have in turn impacted on soil, soil leachate, and groundwater. A buffer of 50 m was considered for potential sources outside of the site boundaries as realistically it is these sites that pose the highest potential for any contamination to impact the development area. Consideration has also selectively been given to potential sources within 250 m of the site, but the desk study states that only those deemed to be most significant have been included.
Table 10.6 Potential Sources of Contamination
Potential Source Description
Made Ground Made ground (infilled canal) is present along the southern side of the A50(T), eastern half of Project A. The infilled canal crosses the route of the A50(T). Made Ground could also be present from the previous earthworks for the A50(T), the quarrying and farming activities in the vicinity of the site vicinity.
Natural Strata The natural strata will consist of Alluvium, Glaciofluvial and Till deposits overlying Mercia Mudstone Group – Mudstone [formerly Keuper Marl].
Soil Leachate Potential contaminants may be leached from possible made ground sources if present at the site.
Groundwater Shallow groundwater is likely to be present within the Glaciofluvial deposits.
Ground Gas Concentrations of ground gases (methane and carbon dioxide) may originate from Made Ground if present. Ground gases are also likely to be present due to the natural Glaciofluvial deposit [dependent on the organic matter content of these deposits].
Offsite Sources Leaks, spills and emissions from surrounding sources e.g. industrial park present to the northwest of the side boundary. A petrol filling station is located adjacent to the eastern boundary of the scheme extent.
10.4.3
Table 10.7 provides a summary of the potential pathways associated with identified sources considered most appropriate to the site in its developed condition:
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Table 10.7 Description of Potential Pathways Potential Pathway Description
Dermal contact with contaminated soils, soil Dermal derived dust, soil leachate and perched Contact groundwater. Soil Pathway Direct contact of building materials with Including the following Direct Contact contaminated soils, soil leachate and perched sources groundwater. Made Ground Direct or indirect ingestion of soil and soil Soil Derived Ingestion Leachate derived dust. Inhalation of soil derived dust, organic Inhalation vapours or ground generated gas.
Rainfall Infiltration & Rainfall infiltration can generate and mobilise Vertical / soil-derived leachate impacting on surface Lateral Groundwater Pathways waters and groundwater. migration via Including the following permeable Groundwater within the site is likely to flow sources: strata and towards River Tean to the north of the Project service A proposals. Soil Leachate conduits Perched Groundwater Lateral As well as being a receptor, aquifers allow Migration transportation of contaminants through the through permeable strata. Aquifer
Gas Pathways Vertical / Lateral Permeable strata and service trenches may Including the following Migration via allow transportation of ground gases. sources: permeable Ground gas strata.
10.4.4
The following potential receptors are applicable to the site: Future Site Users (Road users, pedestrians, maintenance workers) - considered to have a limited potential to encounter soil contamination due to the proposed development and the initial limited contamination potential identified. Construction Workers - potential for construction workers to come into contact with soils and groundwater during constructions works for the proposed development. Off-Site Receptors - The area to the southeast includes residential land uses. Commercial and industrial activities occur to the northeast of the site. Areas to the north and south comprises of agricultural lands. There is limited potential for sensitive off-site receptors to be affected by wind-blown dust generated during the construction works Controlled Waters - Groundwater within the Glaciofluvial deposits and the Mercia Mudstone are considered to be receptors of moderate sensitivity. The River Tean is also considered to be receptors of moderate sensitivity.
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Development Infrastructure - Concrete structures placed below ground may be degraded if elevated concentrations of sulphate are present. Concrete cast in-situ may also be adversely affected by the presence of hydrocarbons. Plastic piped services can be adversely affected by the presence of hydrocarbons, where the integrity of the pipes can be compromised. Areas of Landscaping and Planting - May be affected by the presence of elevated concentrations of certain determinants. Soil Quality – Soils (topsoil/subsoil) may have some resource value within landscaped areas.
10.5.1
The site which includes a section of A50(T) and A522 roads is currently being used for transportation. There are small areas of agricultural land both to the north and south of the A50(T).
A number of potential geotechnical issues have been identified that will need to be investigated further and addressed in the design and construction of the proposed new development. These are discussed in the following sections.
10.5.2
Review of the BGS borehole records in the vicinity of the site as provided in the Envirocheck Report indicates that the depth to weathered rockhead varies approximately from 11m to 20m below ground level (bgl). Weathered Mudstone was encountered in most of the borehole records reviewed.
Dependent on the anticipated loads that will be placed on any proposed structure e.g. bridges information on depth to rockhead, and the profile of strength with depth in the mudstone, will be required.
10.5.3
Data from the BGS contained within the Envirocheck Report indicates that the potential for collapsible ground stability hazards ranges from ‘No Hazard’ to ‘Very Low’. There is a ‘No Hazard’ to ‘Moderate’ potential for compressible ground stability hazards at the site. There is no hazard relating to potential for ground dissolution stability.
There is a Very Low to Low potential for landslide ground stability hazards. The potential for running sand ground stability and shrinking or swelling clay ground stability hazards range from ‘No Hazard’ to ‘Low’.
Where alluvial clays / silts, and / or infilled ground are present there is the potential for weak and compressible ground, which would be the subject of intrusive investigation and design assessment at design stage.
10.5.4
The review of the BGS borehole records shows that groundwater was encountered at shallow depths (1.4m to 4m bgl) in the vicinity of the Project A proposals. The presence of groundwater at shallow depths may have an effect on excavation or foundations on the site.
Excavations below the water table may require temporary support and/or suitable dewatering control in some areas.
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10.5.5
The likelihood of unknown buried foundations being present is low as the site currently contains sections of A50(T) and A522 roads, agricultural lands and few buildings. If present, buried foundations including potential old pile foundations can represent hard spots within the ground. This can cause delays where they are encountered, unforeseen, in initial foundation ground works as they need to be broken out. When left in place, buried foundations can also promote differential settlement in new structures, leading to cracking and damage to the new construction.
10.5.6
The likelihood of aggressive ground conditions being present at the site is low as the underlying superficial deposits and bedrock (Mercia Mudstone) do not have significant pyrite content. However, the Mercia Mudstone is high in sulphates, please refer to CIRIA document “Engineering in Mercia Mudstone” There is a possibility that Made Ground may be present from the old gravel pits, the infilled former canal along the southern side of the eastern extent of the current A50(T) and previous construction works on A50(T).
If aggressive ground condition is present, the first hazard and associated risk relates to sulfates and chlorides that, in sufficient quantities, may be aggressive to concrete and steel causing degradation and damage. This can be overcome through the specification of more resistant concrete and anti-corrosion measures on steel, but requires testing and assessment of the soils beneath the site in order to determine the level of risk.
Based on a qualitative review of the previous and current uses at the site, there would appear to be only a limited potential for soil contamination to exist, although a number of offsite historical and current land uses have a potential to have caused or be causing contamination.
For the site area and for the purpose of identifying impacts from potential contaminated land, the sources/hazards can be refined into the following categories: Soil Contamination; Groundwater Contamination; Ground Gas; Surrounding current and historical land use.
The following receptors have been identified for the site:
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Table 10.8 Critical Receptors and their Sensitivity
Receptor Phase Sensitivity (as defined in Table 10.1) C O Construction Workers Medium
Future Site Users Low
Groundwater Medium
Surrounding Land Use (Residential) Medium to High (related to distance from proposals)
Surface Waters Medium
Development Infrastructure Low
Surrounding Land Use (Agricultural Low Land)
Soil Quality Low C = Construction, O = Operation The type of impacts applicable to construction, and operation are described below. Table 10.6 presents the magnitude of the potential impacts before and after mitigation. Magnitude is defined in accordance with the criteria set out in Table 10.2.
10.6.1
The proposed project includes the closure of the existing A522 junctions and the demolition of the A522 Bridge, followed by the construction of two new grade separated junctions on the A50(T) at the A522 Uttoxeter Road. This section assesses the potential impacts that could occur during the construction works.
Impacts on Human Receptors
The potential areas and sources of contamination within the vicinity of the Project A proposals have been described in Section 10.3. The contamination assessment is based on the preliminary Phase I Geo-environmental and Geotechnical Assessment. The Phase I assessment indicates that the initial to human health from potential contaminants is very low to low.
During the construction phase, the use of heavy equipment and activities such as demolition of the bridge, excavation, backfilling, and compaction may disturb the soil and mobilise potential contaminants which may impact sensitive human receptors.
The human receptors that could be affected during the construction phase include construction workers, residents of surrounding properties, and members of the general public visiting/using surrounding sites. These receptors are at risk from direct contact / ingestion of potentially contaminated soil / soil dust or inhalation of potentially contaminated soil dust / vapour.
Construction workers are considered to be of a medium sensitivity due to the potential for work to take place in excavations, or for contact with materials brought to the surface from excavations. Residents and visitors of surrounding properties are at risk from wind-blown dust and subsequent inhalation or direct contact with dusts or vapours generated by the
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construction activities. The residents and visitors of properties within 50m are considered to be of a Low sensitivity, while the residents and visitors of properties between 50m and 250m are considered to be of a medium sensitivity.
The magnitude of impact on human receptors prior to mitigation is considered as minor. As a result the impact significance prior to mitigation is classed as Negligible to Minor Adverse.
Impacts on Controlled Waters
The groundwater beneath the site is considered to be of Medium importance. The Glaciofluvial deposits and the Mercia Mudstone are classified as Secondary A and Secondary B Aquifers respectively, providing abstraction water for agricultural use. The River Tean is the main surface water receptor and it is considered to be of Medium importance.
Potential contaminants could be mobilised during construction works and could impact the controlled waters receptors by a combination of the following; the disturbance or exposure of contaminated materials, the direct release of contaminants or through the creation of preferential pathways.
During the construction phase it will be necessary to fuel and maintain a fleet of mobile plant. Potential impacts on soil and groundwater quality may arise from the uncontrolled release of fuel and oils, either by leakages/spillages from storage areas or by incorrect disposal of waste or surplus material. Impacts from physical pollution (sediments) are discussed and assessed in the Water Quality Chapter.
The sensitivity of the controlled waters is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is Minor. This could lead to impacts of minor significance if mitigation actions are not carried out.
Impacts/Effects on Geological/Geomorphological Features
It is anticipated that there would be no impact on any sites of local or regional geological or geomorphological significance during the construction phase.
The sensitivity of the geological / geomorphological features is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is negligible. As a result the impact significance prior to mitigation is classed as Negligible.
Impacts/Effects on Agricultural Soils
Project A would require the loss of the some of the agricultural lands in the surrounding the site, which is considered to be an adverse impact.
The sensitivity of the agricultural soils is low and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is moderate. This could lead to impacts of minor adverse significance if mitigation actions are not carried out.
Impacts/Effects on Mineral Resources
Project A extent is within a Staffordshire Mineral Consultation Area for Superficial Sand and Gravel.
The sensitivity of the mineral resources is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is minor. As a result the impact significance prior to mitigation is classed as Minor Adverse.
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Impacts/Effects on Waste Generation
An estimate of the potential volume of materials needing excavation across the Project A area has not been fully determined at this stage. However, any spoil will need to be appropriately managed to limit off-site disposal and maximise the re-use potential of soils on site. Where landfill disposal cannot be avoided, there may be impacts in terms of using up capacity of local waste management infrastructure.
Waste will be generated during all stages of the construction works. Major sources of waste within the construction process are:
Excavation spoil, old macadam and sub base from roads, broken or unusable pavement materials;
Waste materials generated from the construction process
The sensitivity of waste generation is low and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is minor. As a result the impact significance prior to mitigation is classed as Negligible.
10.6.2
This section assesses the potential impacts that could occur during site operation after the completion of the proposed development.
Impacts on Human Receptors
Project A operation would not be anticipated to result in significant effects in terms of contamination of geology and soils. However, there is potential for environmental risks associated with spillages due to road accidents or faulty vehicles.
Receptors which may be impacted upon during operation include all those defined within the construction phase, except construction workers. The risk to future users of the site has been classed as low, considering the limited exposure to potentially contaminated soils or groundwater. Any maintenance workers involved in ground works are considered to be at risk of exposure through direct contact, inhalation or ingestion of contaminated soils, groundwater, dust or vapour.
The sensitivity of human receptors during the operation phase is low and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore the impact significance on human receptors prior to mitigation is Negligible.
Impacts on Controlled Waters
The proposed development does not include activities that are likely to generate contaminants that could pose substantial risk to the soil or controlled waters. Also, most of the development would be covered with hard standing (tarmacadam). Nonetheless, there is potential for environmental risks associated with spillages due to road accidents or faulty vehicles. This may be washed off the hard surface into the drain and controlled water. However, suitable drainage systems will be employed during the construction and this would largely prevent infiltration of surface water or potential contaminants into the ground.
The sensitivity of the controlled waters is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is minor and thus the impact on controlled water is considered to be of Minor significance.
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Impacts on Development Infrastructure
Development infrastructure and landscaping can be impacted upon by the ground conditions where adequate mitigation is not implemented during construction. Where adequate mitigation is not incorporated, the impact would be realised throughout the operational phase. The Project A proposals would include the construction of a new bridge which will include the construction of foundations. The specification of materials to be used during construction will need to be specific to the ground conditions into which they will be placed e.g. to prevent damage to concrete by aggressive ground conditions and measures may be needed to mitigate ground gas. The determination of the potential for ground gas and for the presence of phytotoxic contaminants through ground investigation works is required.
The sensitivity of the development infrastructure and landscape is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is minor. This could lead to impacts of minor adverse significance if mitigation actions are not carried out.
Impacts/Effects on Geological/Geomorphological Features
It is anticipated that there would be no impact on any sites of local or regional geological or geomorphological significance during the operation of Project A.
The sensitivity of the geological / geomorphological features is medium and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is negligible. As a result the impact significance prior to mitigation is classed as Negligible.
Impacts/Effects on Agricultural Soils
It is anticipated that Project A would not require further loss of agricultural lands during its operation.
The sensitivity of the agricultural soils is low and the magnitude of impact prior to mitigation is negligible. Therefore, the impact on agricultural soils is considered to be of negligible significance.
This section presents the mitigation proposals to be adopted during the construction and operation of the Project A to limit the potential impacts described in Section 9.6. The magnitude of the impact taking into account the mitigation described here is presented in Table 10.8.
Impacts on Human Receptors
Mitigation includes undertaking a ground investigation to obtain data to allow a quantitative risk assessment to be undertaken. Based on the results of the ground investigation before construction, areas that pose a risk to human health as a result of identified contamination would be delineated and remediated prior to construction works. If, for example, any asbestos contaminated material is encountered during earthworks, an appropriate Health and Safety Plan would be prepared to remove and dispose it in a safe manner in accordance with the Construction (Design and Management) 2007.
Potential impacts specific to construction workers during construction and maintenance workers during operation will be mitigated by the following measures and through working in accordance with CIRIA C692 3rd Edition ‘Environmental Good Practice On Site’ (2010): measures to minimise dust generation;
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provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, barrier cream, overalls etc. to minimise direct contact with soils; provision of adequate hygiene facilities and clean welfare facilities for all construction site workers; monitoring of confined spaces for potential ground gas accumulations, restricting access to confined spaces, i.e. by suitably trained personnel, and use of specialist PPE, where necessary; and preparation and adoption of a site and task specific health and safety plan. The potential impacts on off-site receptors will be addressed through the adoption of the following measures:
damping of ground with water to minimise dust; sheeting of lorries transporting spoil off site and the use of dust suppression equipment on plant; groundwater level controls (as required); adequate fuel/chemical storage facilities e.g. bunded tanks, hard standing and associated emergency response/spillage control procedures; well maintained plant and associated emergency response/spillage control procedures; and, any temporary onsite storage of contaminated material will be stored on sheeting and covered to minimise the potential for leachate and run off from the stockpile being generated. The sensitivity of the human receptors is medium to high and the magnitude of impact after mitigation is negligible. Therefore, the impact on human receptors after mitigation is considered to be of negligible significance.
Impacts on Controlled Waters
A ground investigation of Project A will need to include groundwater level monitoring and chemical testing. The mitigation measures would aim at ensuring the surface water run-off from the site during the site preparation, earthworks and construction does not have a detrimental effect on the receiving watercourse (River Tean) and the underlying aquifers. The surface water run-off would be controlled using appropriate drainage measures and infiltration into the ground would be minimised. This would reduce the potential for potential contaminants getting into the controlled waters.
If a piled foundation solution is required for the proposed bridge than a ‘piling risk assessment’ will need to be undertaken in accordance with Environment Agency guidance.
During the construction phase it will be necessary to fuel and maintain a fleet of mobile plant. Potential impacts on soil and groundwater quality may arise from the uncontrolled release of fuel and oils, either by leakages/spillages from storage areas or by incorrect disposal of waste or surplus material. Impacts from physical pollution (sediments) are discussed and assessed in the Water Quality Chapter.
In addition the prevention of pollution of controlled water will comply with the requirements of the following Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guideline documents:
PPG1 General Guide to the Prevention of Pollution (pre 2007) PPG5 Works or Maintenance in or near Water (2007) PPG6 Working at Construction and Demolition Sites (pre 2007)
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PPG21 Incident Response Planning (2009) The sensitivity of the controlled waters is medium and the magnitude of impact after mitigation is negligible. Therefore, the impact on controlled waters after mitigation is considered to be of negligible significance.
Impacts/Effects on Agricultural Soils
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has developed a Code of Practice for Sustainable Use and Management of Soils on Construction Sites (2009). The code of practice will encourage:
identification of soil resources at an early stage in the development process; improved planning of soil use; a better level of soil management during project implementation, including sustainable use of surplus soil; maintenance of soil quality and function both on and off site; avoidance of soil compaction and erosion (with a consequent reduction in flooding and water pollution); and An improved knowledge and understanding of soil at all levels in the construction industry, including soil amelioration techniques.
During the construction stage, topsoil and subsoil would be removed. The topsoil and the subsoil can be reused for landscaping, and suitable subsoil can be reused in the general earthworks subject to acceptability.
Soil management measures should be adopted during the construction phase such that soil resources would not be damaged through inappropriate handling of soils in wet conditions. Soils would be protected from accidental contamination during storage and transit. Methods of soils handling and storage, including measures to prevent erosion by wind and surface water, would be detailed in a method statement that would be prepared prior to the commencement of construction activities.
Should potential contamination be identified following the ground investigation, excavated materials may require additional testing and depending on the results may be deemed suitable for re-use, require remediation or transport off site for disposal at a licensed landfill.
Impacts on Development Infrastructure
Potential impacts to the development infrastructure can be mitigated by undertaking a geotechnical and geo-environmental ground investigation along the route of the Project A proposals. The ground investigation will obtain information on ground conditions, provide data on selected geotechnical parameters for ground materials, test aggressivity of ground materials and to test for potential contamination.
The information obtained from the ground investigation will then be used to inform the design of Project A.
Impacts/Effects on Waste Generation
Based on the findings of the recommended ground investigation and prior to the construction, an Earthworks Specification will be prepared, which will set out how the earthworks stage of the construction will be undertaken. The Specification will set compliance targets on what materials can be reused and what materials will be considered unacceptable for use within the Project A boundary.
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To minimise the effects on soil resources during any earthworks, high standards of soil handling and management will be employed with a view to minimising where possible the double handling of soils and the extent to which exposed soils will be left vulnerable to erosional processes.
A Materials Management Plan will be prepared in accordance with the CL:AIRE “Definition of Waste: Development Industry Code of Practice”, (September 2008). The plan will detail the procedures and measures that will be taken to classify, track, store, re-use and dispose of all excavated materials that will be encountered during the construction of Project A.
The earthworks will aim to achieve a cut and fill balance. However, this is considered unlikely and therefore the following steps will be taken should excess material require disposal. Where excess materials are available they may be available for use on other schemes taking place at the same time. Such activities will be undertaken under the principles of the Definition of Waste: Development Industry Code of Practice. Consideration should be given to registering the project with CL:AIRE who administer a list of receiver and donor sites along with an estimate of when the materials will either be available from the donor or required by the receiver. This will increase the potential for such material to be diverted from landfill. Nevertheless wherever possible, import and export of soil material to or from the proposed development site will be minimised by optimising re-use during construction.
A Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) will be prepared for the site preparation works and construction stage of the development. The SWMP will detail the amount and type of waste that will be produced on the construction sites and how this waste will be reduced, re-used, recycled and disposed. The implementation of a SWMP encourages good practice with regard to waste minimisation and waste management and facilitates the identification and implementation of waste management practices through material reduction and waste minimisation at the design stage, and re-use and recycling opportunities during on site operations. The overall objective is to reduce the quantities of construction waste sent to landfill. The plan enables objectives and targets to be set at an early project stage and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to be established.
The disposal of soil waste, contaminated or otherwise to landfill sites will be best mitigated by minimisation of the overall quantities of waste generated during construction and by ensuring that excavated material consigned to landfill cannot, as an alternative, be put to use on other sites.
It is no longer mandatory to implement a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) during the construction stage of Project A, as the 2008 regulations were repealed at the end of 2013. However, SWMP are considered to be industry best practice and a useful tool to manage waste on construction projects. The SWMP will include measures to ensure the reduction, reuse, recycling and appropriate disposal of waste. The SWMP will be prepared in accordance with Site Waste Management Plans Regulations and it will describe the types of waste expected to be produced during the construction stage and the action proposed for the disposal of such waste, including recycling and other appropriate methods. In respect of each waste type to be produced, estimated quantities and waste management action will be identified. The Main Contractor will be made responsible for its implementation and all Site staff, including sub-contractors, will be trained to understand the requirements.
To maximise reuse and recycling, waste will be segregated at source within the Site using clearly labelled and/or colour coded skips and bins. Inert waste will be reused as far as practicable on Site and options for using additional waste at other construction projects in the vicinity will be investigated. Appropriate waste recycling companies that provide facilities to recycle Site waste that cannot be reused will be identified.
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reuse and recycling targets. The results of audits will be communicated to all staff involved in the project. Following these audits, targets will be reviewed and where necessary amended, to enable continuous improvement.
The destination of all waste or other materials removed from Site will be notified by the Contractor for approval (via consultation with the relevant authorities). Loads will only be deposited at authorised and appropriately licensed waste treatment and disposal sites. Disposal of wastes to off-site facilities will be fully in accordance with all associated statutory guidelines.
To prove the correct depositing of excavated material and to prevent the occurrence of fly- tipping, a docket system will be used. The contractor and its sub-contractors will operate a sequentially numbered docket system, to confirm that each load is received at the approved disposal site. Copies of the dockets are to be provided to the nominated manager, and be available for inspection at the Site. Duty of Care auditing of the waste disposal operators will be undertaken by the contractor during the construction programme.
In addition to the usual waste associated with a normal construction project, there may also be some contaminated materials from the ground and possibly contaminants or hazardous materials found during demolition. The control, handling and disposal of these materials will require special attention. Specific procedures will provide the detailed requirements necessary and will be included in the Waste Management Policy agreed prior to works starting on-site.
A hazardous waste screen will need to be undertaken on samples recovered during the pre- construction ground investigation to determine ground conditions. Dependent on the findings of the hazardous waste screen and where the intention is to discard excavated materials to landfill, Waste Acceptance Criteria may be required.
Any soil and subsoil imported to site will be chemically tested against corresponding acceptable limits prior to being used within the development design.
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Table 10.9 Residual Effects Effect Duration Sensitivity / Effect Effect Significance Mitigation Significance of Value Magnitude Pre Mitigation Measures Residual Effect
Construction
Construction worker health and safety: exposure to Refer to Short Term High Moderate Moderate Adverse Negligible potential contaminated land Mitigation Section 9.7 Surround land users: exposure to potential Short Term High/Medium Moderate Moderate Adverse Negligible contaminated soil dust Agricultural soils: loss of surrounding agricultural Short and Low Moderate Minor Adverse Negligible land Long Term Short and Development infrastructure Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible Long Term Surface Water Quality: reduction in quality from Short and Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible uncontrolled release of pollutants Long Term Surface Water Quality: reduction in quality due to Short and Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible earthworks and impacted groundwater migration Long Term Groundwater Quality: reduction in quality from Short and Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible uncontrolled release of pollutants Long Term Groundwater Quality: reduction in quality due to Short and earthworks and disturbance of potential Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible Long Term contaminated ground Spoil Disposal: potential for surplus spoil generated Long Term Low Moderate Minor Adverse Negligible for landfill disposal
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Geological / Geomorphological Features: loss or Long Term Medium Negligible Negligible Negligible impact on integrity of features or attributes Mineral Resources: Significant loss of mineral Long Term Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible reserves Operation Future users and maintenance workers Long Term Medium Minor Minor Adverse Refer to Negligible Mitigation Groundwater Quality: reduction in quality from the Short and Medium Minor Minor Adverse Section 7 Negligible uncontrolled release of pollutants Long Term Surface Water Quality: reduction in quality due to Short and Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible impacted groundwater migration Long Term Development Infrastructure: potential for structural damage from aggressive ground conditions and Long Term Medium Minor Minor Adverse Negligible ground gas Agricultural soils: loss of surrounding agricultural Short and Low Moderate Minor Adverse Negligible land Long Term Geological / Geomorphological Features: loss or Long Term Medium Negligible Negligible Negligible impact on integrity of features or attributes
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10.8.1
The content of this chapter has been based on the URS Phase I Geo-environmental and Geotechnical Assessment (2014) which is based on the Envirocheck Report (55377518_1_1) and Soils Report (553775182) provided by Staffordshire County Council and other available information as stated in the references.
It is recommended that a geo-environmental and geotechnical ground investigation should be undertaken prior to commencement of works to inform the design of Project A and to confirm the findings of the Phase I Assessment. The information in this chapter may be modified subject to the findings of the ground investigation.
A number of potential impacts from and to Land Quality, Geology and Soil Contamination have been considered and assessed within the context of the proposed construction, operation and decommissioning of the Development. Mitigation that is designed to protect Land Quality and receptors susceptible to impacts from potential contamination has been outlined.
The residual significance of the impacts identified is considered to be primarily negligible when mitigation is considered.
It is recommended that a ground investigation is required, before any works are undertaken, to determine the ground conditions across the site to inform the detailed design of Project A and to confirm the moderate to minor magnitude of effects determined in this assessment. The ground investigation should be designed to obtain geo-environmental and geotechnical information. The interpreted and assessed data will be used to inform the design of the development.
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This chapter was prepared by URS Infrastructure & Environment Ltd.
This chapter considers the cumulative environmental effects that would be envisaged as a result of the proposed development. Cumulative effects can result from the interrelationship of multiple environmental impacts on a single receptor, or the environmental impact of a development when considered cumulatively with environmental impacts from other separate developments.
Schedule 4 Part 1 of the EIA Regulations requires under regulation 2(1) that a consideration of cumulative effects is included in the Environmental Statement as follows (text in bold for clarity): 3. ‘A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the development, including, in particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the inter-relationship between the above factors. 4. A description of the likely significant effects of the development on the environment, which should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects of the development, resulting from: a. the existence of the development; b. the use of natural resources; c. the emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste…’
This chapter therefore assesses cumulative effects with regard to (i) inter-relationships between environmental effects considered in the Environmental Statement hitherto (including the interrelationship of visual, water-related, noise and air quality impacts on residential, commercial, ecological and heritage receptors), and (ii) the environmental impacts of the Proposed Development when considered cumulatively with the environmental impact of other adjacent developments.
Assumptions and Limitations
In the assessment of inter-relationships between environmental impacts considered in the Environmental Statement, it has been considered appropriate to use the study areas used in each respective environmental assessment chapter to define the maximum extent of potential significant effects.
Assessment of the significance of cumulative environmental effects has been considered with regard to the temporal and spatial scale of each development with respect to the Project A proposals, and takes into account the nature of the effects. Environmental effects of Project A when considered in combination with those of other adjacent developments, and the study area is defined by the proximity of those developments likely to respectively impact on common receptors.
It must be noted that a limitation in the assessment of cumulative effects is in defining of programmes for construction and operation of proposed developments. Proposed development programmes are often approximate, as they can be brought forward or delayed. It is therefore an assumption that any published proposals, including that for the development proposals, accurately reflect the temporal proximity of the respective development. The
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construction programme for the Project A development is assumed to commence in early 2015 and would take up to one year to complete (refer to Chapter 2 Project A Description).
Where there is no overlap in the construction programme of a development with the Project A proposals, or the construction programme of either is unknown, only the operational cumulative effects are considered reasonably foreseeable.
The design life of the Proposed Development would be expected to be approximately 60 years. It is not ‘reasonably foreseeable’ to envisage what schemes would be in operation during this long timescale, nor any construction or decommissioning activities that would be underway for any other committed schemes during this time. For those reasons only committed scheme proposals are considered in this cumulative effects assessment, and the cumulative effect of decommissioning has not been assessed.
Regular maintenance would be required on site infrastructure, and as such the Project A proposals would consider, for example, ease of access for maintenance. Due to the likely small-scale and short term nature of the maintenance works, the environmental effect of maintenance activities would not result in significant environmental effects, and is therefore scoped out of further assessment.
Interrelationship Effects
The most significant cumulative effect is likely to result from the interrelationship of air quality and noise impacts, during both construction and operation of Project A, as noise and air assessment often share common receptors. Particularly during construction, the cumulative effect of noise and air impacts, together with the visual and water-related impact at some receptors, may, for example, exacerbate ‘annoyance’ experienced by some local residents. Similarly where a historical or ecological receptor is impacted by noise, air quality, visual or water-related receptors, the interrelationship of impacts may exacerbate the effect on these receptors.
Groups of common receptors have been identified, which the interrelationship of impacts could affect. These are presented in Table 11.1 as a matrix of impact versus receptor. For those cells of the table where a tick is absent, that particular receptor would not be affected by the particular impact.
Table 11.1. Matrix of potential impacts versus common receptors identified for the Project A development proposals. Note that where two or more separate impacts affect a receptor, an interrelationship cumulative effect is identified Potential Cumulative Noise & Water- Air Quality Visual Interrelationship Vibration related Effect on Receptor? Construction (2015) All residential receptors Minor Yes bounding the Adverse Negligible † Minor Adverse Minor Adverse Project A effect from proposals dust impact Historic Yes receptor The Moderate Adverse Parks
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Historic Yes Receptor Moderate Adverse Parks Farm Historic Receptor Yes Park View Slight Adverse Farm Ecological Water Noise and receptors Visual disturbance by quality vibration Yes (mobile construction impacts on disturbance Severe Adverse* ecological machinery/operations receptors by operations receptors) and temporary lighting in River of plant Teen Operation (Year after construction) Residential No significant receptors at Minor Negligible interrelationship Greenacres Adverse NO † 2 effect Drive exceedance Residential No significant receptors at Minor Negligible interrelationship Badgery Adverse NO † 2 effect Close exceedance Residential No significant Minor Negligible receptors at interrelationship Adverse NO † the Bungalow 2 effect exceedance Historic Yes receptor The Slight Adverse Parks Historic No Receptor singular effect Parks Farm only** Historic Receptor Yes Park View Slight Adverse Farm Ecological receptors Loss of habitat due to No
(Bats, Barn increased areas of singular effect only Owl) street lighting Ecological receptors Slight/ No (White Moderate singular effect only Clawed Adverse Crayfish)
*Detail regarding temporary construction impacts on ecological receptors is unavailable at the time of writing. The worst case scenario that temporary construction noise, visual and water quality impacts would displace mobile species is assumed to have a severe adverse interrelationship effect. Further consideration of construction impacts on ecological receptors and proposals for mitigation would be required in the preparation of the CEMP.
† Residential receptors to the north of Uttoxeter immediately adjacent to the A50 mainline would be subject to only minor traffic related air quality and visual effects during construction,
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with the effect of noise on the same receptors being not significant. During operation (the year following construction) there would be no significant interrelationship effects.
** The Historic Receptor Park View Farm has been proposed for demolition as part of the Land to the west of Uttoxeter application (refer to cumulative effects section below).
Chapter 6 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage makes reference to interrelationship effects on three historic building receptors. Whilst the significance scores for the individual impacts on these receptors are not provided, the overall significance scores for the receptors as reported in Chapter 6 is provided in Table 11.1 for completeness.
Combination Effects
As discussed in the introduction to the ES, Staffordshire County Council is leading the A50(T) Growth Corridor improvement works, which involves upgrade of the A50(T) between Blythe Bridge (Tean Roundabout) and the Doveridge Bypass. It is understood that a second phase of development involving upgrade of the A50(T) outside of the Project A proposals, is at the time of submission unfinanced, uncommitted and has not been the subject of a planning application. As such this project, referred to as Project B, is scoped out of the cumulative effects assessment. Should Project B be progressed at a later time, the planning application would require separate Environmental Impact Assessment concerning the overall environmental impact of the A50(T) Growth Corridor proposals, including the combined impact of Project A and B.
The EIA scoping report referred to: ‘fundamental justification for this Project is not only to improve highway safety at the junction of the A50(T) and A522, but also to increase its capacity to accommodate the planned expansion of JCB and St Modwen’s mixed use development at Parks Farm which is a key component for delivering East Staffordshire Council’s Local Plan growth allocation at Uttoxeter’. Consideration is therefore given to the cumulative impact assessment of these and other identified committed developments.
Committed developments within 2km that have been considered in the Transport Assessment (Appendix C) are listed in Table 11.2.
Table 11.2. Committed developments within 2km that have been considered in the Transport Assessment: Development Site Description Programme
The application site lies adjacent to the Proposal submitted to East A50(T) to the south. Proposal is to develop Staffordshire as outline planning Land to the west of Uttoxeter 50.7ha of land for 700 dwellings, 10 ha of application in July 2013 A50(T) Bypass, Uttoxeter, employment use, a school, mixed use local (P/2013/00882) decision pending. Staffordshire (Parks Farm) centre, leisure, retail, green infrastructure and associated roads.
The application site lies adjacent to the This application was submitted to Waterloo Farm, Uttoxeter A50(T). Erection of a detached factory East Staffordshire on 23/01/2014 Road, Beamhurst, Uttoxeter building together with associated offices. (P/2013/01530) decision pending.
The application site lies approximately 1.7km The outline application was south east of Project A. The application is submitted to East Staffordshire in Bamford Works, Pinfold for a mixed use scheme of 257 dwellings, August 2007 Street, Uttoxeter, retail and employment. (OU/05254/018/JR/PO). The Stoffordshire, ST14 8TL application received conditional consent in August 2013.
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Development Site Description Programme
The application site lies approximately 1km This outline application Bramshall Road, Uttoxeter, to the south of Project A. The application is (P/2013/01287) was refused Staffordshire ST14 7PF for a residential development of up to 140 permission at committee in May dwellings. 2014.
The application site lies approximately 1.5km The application (P/2012/00771) to the south east of Project A. The was approved at committee in Land at former Cattle Market, application is for the demolition of existing September 2012. Smithfield Road, Uttoxeter, workshop and the erection of retail units, a Staffordshire, ST14 7LG café, a doctor’s surgery and infrastructure improvements.
The application is within 400m of the Outline proposal submitted to East Land at Pennycroft Lane, proposal site. Residential development of up Staffordshire Borough Council on Uttoxeter to 49 dwellings. 27/02/2013 (P/2013/00206) decision pending.
The application is within close proximity to The application P/2012/00932 was New Road-residential the proposal site. Residential development refused at committee on development of 28 dwellings. 18/02/2014.
Given that the New Road and Bramshall Road residential development applications were refused it is considered that these developments are not ‘reasonably foreseeable’ at the current time, and have therefore been scoped out of the cumulative effects assessment. The other three development proposal applications are still active, and are therefore considered reasonably foreseeable.
The close proximity and connectivity (i.e. through the local road network) of the other tabulated developments to Project A is considered such, that impacts from the respective developments could give rise to cumulative effects. Given that these developments are likely to be constructed on a similar timescale to Project A, or shortly thereafter, there is both the potential for exacerbated impacts on receptors and/or extended duration of impacts.
Transport interventions associated with these developments have been included in the traffic model for Project A. This means that in the ‘Do Something’ scenarios for Noise and Air Quality, cumulative impacts resulting from these developments has inherently been taken into account. No scenarios separating out these proposed developments were made available by Staffordshire County Council (with and without development scenarios). Therefore although cumulative effects as a result of transport interventions forms part of the traffic data used in this EIA, it is unclear how much of an impact the interventions separately contribute to the overall assessment scores reported herein. Further consideration of the limitations of the traffic model has been given specifically in Chapter 8 Noise & Vibration and Chapter 9 Air Quality.
Visual cumulative impacts have been considered in Chapter 4 Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment for these developments (Section 4.10). In summary, the Waterloo Farm Development would extend the footprint of industrial built development to the west of the JCB World Parts Centre. The Parks Farm development and P/2013/01287 would extend the urban fabric of Uttoxeter into open countryside involving loss of vegetation and removal of agricultural land, with remaining development infilling on the fringe or between existing developments. The cumulative effect of these developments together with the Project A proposals would be a significant change in the landscape from open countryside to built environment.
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The Land to the west of Uttoxeter application proposes demolition of the Historic Building Receptor Park View Farm. Should this demolition go ahead the effect of the Project A on this Historic Building Receptor in the long-term would be neutral.
Other ‘committed’ developments that could give rise to potential cumulative effects were identified from the East Staffordshire Pre-submission Local Plan (2013) as follows:
Strategic Housing Site Allocations
Brookside Industrial Estate, Uttoxeter Town Centre – a brownfield site allocated for 150 dwellings.
JCB, Pinfold Road – a brownfield site allocated for 257 dwellings.
Stone Road – a green field site allocated for 100 dwellings.
Hazelwalls – a greenfield site allocated for 350 dwellings.
Strategic Employment Site Allocations
Derby Road10 ha employment site.
Due to the distance of these strategic development locations from the proposed Project A development (being all over 1km away), these developments would not be anticipated to result in cumulative effects on environmental receptors common with that affected by Project A. The most likely cumulative effects could result potentially from overlap in construction works, giving rise to transport-related environmental effects associated with movement on the same roads of material to and from respective construction sites. The increase in traffic is considered in the Transport Assessment as follows (p. 32):
‘Once the contractor has been appointed a detailed routing strategy will be provided. The routes identified will take into account the likely traffic impact with reference to “Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic”. This guidance will be used as a basis for the criteria to be considered when determining the preferred route(s). The criteria to be assessed will include noise, vibration, visual effects, severance, driver delay, pedestrian delay, pedestrian amenity, accidents and safety, hazardous loads, air pollution, dust and dirt and ecological effects.’
Reference is also made to the East Staffordshire Local Plan Sustainability Appraisal, which considers options for urban expansion around Uttoxeter. Whist the Sustainability Appraisal does not consider all of the developments listed above, it considers that there would be significant negative impacts on climate change, energy and air quality; flood risk; countryside and landscape, biodiversity and geodiversity; and historic environment and heritage assets as a result of urban extension. Given that A50 Improvements are identified in the governments National Infrastructure Plan 2013 ‘to support local growth, jobs and housing’, it could be argued that the Project A proposals would facilitate the urban expansion around Uttoxeter, and therefore contribute to its associated effects. This would be an indirect cumulative effect of the Project A development and so is only considered speculatively. The direct cumulative effect of urban development around Uttoxeter and the Project A proposals is not considered significant due to the difference in scale of the Project A proposals when compared with the said urban developments.
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