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Faunistic Study of the Superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera)

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Faunistic Study of the Superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ 4668- 2008 (ﻋﻠﻤﻲ - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ) http://jer.iau-arak.ac.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 1 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 ، ( 89- 107) ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن 3 *2 1 ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﻋﺰﺗﻲ ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﺮور ، زﻳﻨﺐ اﺣﻤﺪي -1 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ، رﺷﺘﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن -2 داﻧﺸﻴﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن -3 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ، رﺷﺘﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎ ه ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psylloidea اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 و و 1392 از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 19 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ از 7 ﺟﻨﺲ و 4 زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Aphalaridae 1( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ )، Liviidae 6( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Psyllidae 7( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) و Triozidae 5( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم Camarotoscena trjapitzini Loginova, 1968 ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان و 17 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺴﻴﻞ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ 96 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 27 ﺟﻨﺲ و 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ، ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ، اﻳﺮان * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ /6/6 -95 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ /20 /10 95 ٨٩ ﻋﺰﺗﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ... ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﺣﺪود 3850 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ1 در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (Li, 2011; Burckhardt & Ouvrard, 2012) . اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﺷﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ درﺧﺘﺎن، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻔﻲ و زﻳﻨﺘ ﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رو ﻧﺪ . ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ را در ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psylloidea ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي آن ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻮاره دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (White & Hodkinson, 1985; Burckhardt, 2005) . آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ Burckhavdt & Ouvard اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژ ﻳﻚ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺮده و ﻳﻚ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻠﻲ از هرد ﺑﻨﺪي آن ﻫﺎ را ﻳارا ﻪ داد ﻧﺪاه . ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده را ﺑﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( Liviidae ، Homotomidae ، Carsidaridae ، Calophyidae ، Aphalaridae ، Psyllidae ، Phacopteronidae و Triozidae ) ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﺮ ﺪدﻧ (Burckardt & Ouvard, 2012) ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﻘﻂ 5 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psyllidae ، Liviidae ، Homotomidae ، Aphalaridae و Triozidae از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ . (Mehrvar & Ahmadi, 2016) ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 1993 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﭘﺴﻴﻞ از اﻳﺮان 89 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 24 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1993) . اﻳﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﻪ 94 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ 95 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 27 ﺟﻨﺲ و 5 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ (Ahmadi et al. , 2012; 2013; Zendedel et al. , 2016) . در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻓﻘﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ,Cyamophila glycyrrhizae (Becker (1864 از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺒﻼ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣ ﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psylloidea ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 و 1392 از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﻴﺠﺎر، ﺳﻘﺰ، ﺳﻨﻨﺪج، دﻫﮕﻼن، دﻳﻮان دره، ﻗﺮوه، ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺎران و ﻣﺮﻳﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از ﺗﻮر ﺣﺸﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از روي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻔﻲ، از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ از ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در ﺣﺎل ﭘﺮواز و از آ ﺳﭙﻴﺮاﺗﻮر و ﻗﻴﻒ اﺷﻨﺎﻳﺪر ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ از روي ﮔﻴﺎﻫ ﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ رآو ي ﺷﺪه از اﻟﻜﻞ 70 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و روي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻳﺎداﺷﺖ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﻣﺪل Zeiss اﺳﺘﻔﺎده .ﺷﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ از اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﻴﺪرات ﻛﻠﺮال ﻫﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ روش اراﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﻴﻼﻧﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ (Maleki-Milani, 1992) و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ آن ﻫﺎ از ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﻓﺎزﻛﻨﺘﺮاﺳﺖ Olympus ﻣﺪل BX43 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. 1 Psyllids (Jumping plant-lice) ٩٠ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 1 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 (، 89- 107) در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫ ﺶ از ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي اراﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ (Broun &Hodkinson 1988) ، (Burckhardt & Hodkinson, 1986) ، ، (Zeydan & Burckhardt, 1998) ، (Burckhardt & Onokar, 1993) ، (Burckhardt & Later, 1993)، (Burckhardt & Mifsud, 1998) و(Burckhardt & Harten, 2006) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧ ﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮزه ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 19 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 7 ﺟﻨﺲ و 4 زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Aphalaridae 1( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Liviidae 6( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Psyllidae 7( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) و Triozidae 5( ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم Camarotoscena trjapitzini Loginova, 1968 ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان و 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺴﻴ ﻞ در اﻳﺮان از 95 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﮔﺰارش زﻧﺪه دل و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺑﻪ 96 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( 27 ﺟﻨﺲ و 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده) اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ.(Zendedel, 2016) ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎ، ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن -1 رﮔﺒﺎل R+M+Cu 1 در ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي دو ﺷﺎﺧﻪ، ﭘ ﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ داراي 1 2ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎر ﺳﻴﺎه رﻧﮓ ............................................. 2 2 -1 رﮔﺒﺎل R+M+Cu 1 در ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ، ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ آﻧﺎل ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از اﺑﺘﺪاي رﮔﺒﺎل Cu 1a ؛ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎر ﺳﻴﺎه رﻧﮓ ....................................... ........................................................................... Triozidae ........... 15 15 -2)1( ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ1 ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ از ﻋﺮض آن؛ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ...................................................... 3 3 -2 ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﻋﺮض آن؛ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ردﻳﻔﻲ ......................................... Liviidae ..... 4 4 -3)2( راس ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺧﺎر، ﺳﺮ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي، ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ؛ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ردﻳﻔﻲ ............................... ............................................................................................... Aphalaridae - ﺑﻴﻦ رﮔﺒﺎل ﻫﺎي Rs و M1+2 ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي ﺑﺪون رﮔﺒﺎل ﻋﺮﺿﻲ؛ در ﻃﻮل ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ راس رﮔﺒﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻴﺮه؛ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻲ2 ﻧﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ و در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ راس ﭘﻬﻦ، ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ Colposcenia aliena Löw ........................ ............................................................................................................................. -3 راس ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋ ﻘﺒﻲ داراي ﺧﺎر؛ ﺳﺮ داراي ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي، ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ ذوزﻧﻘﻪ اي ﺷﻜﻞ؛ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ .................................................................................................................. ....... Psyllidae ... 9 ( -4)2 ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه رﻧﮓ ............................................................................................. Liviinae ... 5 5 -4 ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ داراي 2 ﻋﺪد ﺧﺎر ﺳﻴﺎه رﻧﮓ ..................................................................... ............. Euphyllurinae ... 6 -5)4( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي داراي ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ و ﻧﮕﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺮه؛ ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ ﺧﻤﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ (ﺷﻜﻞ 8 )، راس ﺻﻔﺤﻪ زﻳﺮﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺎده ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ (ﺷﻜﻞ Camarotoscena fulgidipennis ................................... ( 9 Loginova 1 Vertex 2 Proctiger (Anal tube) ٩١ ﻋﺰﺗﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن... -5 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي ﺷﻔﺎف، ﺑﺮاق و زرد رﻧﮓ؛ ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ راﺳﺖ و ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ آن ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ زﻳﺮﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺎده از ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ دار (ﺷﻜﻞ Camarotoscena trjapitzini Loginova ............................... ( 11 ( -6)4 ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي داراي ﻧﻘﺶ و ﻧﮕﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ﻳﺎ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه، رﮔﺒﺎل ﻫﺎ داراي اﺧﺘﻼف رﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎل؛ ﺳﺮ و ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ داراي ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻬﻮه اي رﻧﮓ ...................................................................................................................... .............................. 7 7 -6 ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ و ﻧﮕﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ﻳﺎ ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺗﻴﺮه، رﮔﺒﺎل ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎل، ﺳﺮ و ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻬﻮه اي رﻧﮓ ..... 8 8 -7)6( ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﻮي ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ، ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺎده داراي راس ﭘﻬﻦ ............. .Psyllopsis fraxini L 7- ﭘ ﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ داراي دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﻮي و ﻋﻘﺒﻲ، ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺎده داراي راس ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ ................ Psyllopsis repens Loginova ( -8)6 ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ داراي دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ و ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ................................... Psyllopsis machinosus Loginova -8 ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ از ﻧﻴﻢ رخ داراي ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ...................................................... Psyllopsis securicola Loginova ( -9)3 در ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي رﮔﺒﺎل M1+2 ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ از رﮔﺒﺎل Cu 1a ............................................................................ ..................... 10 9 – در ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي رﮔﺒﺎل M 1+2 ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺗﺮ از رﮔﺒﺎل Cu 1a .................................................................................................. 12 )9( 10- ﻃﻮل ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ (ﺷﻜﻞ 22 )؛ راس اﻧﺪام ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮي1 ﻗﻼب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞ 24 )؛ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ زﻳﺮﺟﻨﺴﻲ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺎده ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻲ و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ (ﺷﻜﻞ Cyamophila oshanini Loginova .......................... ( 25 10- ﻃﻮل ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺣﺪود ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮق ﺳﺮ؛ راس اﻧﺪام ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺮد .................... ........... 11 (10)11- وﺟﻮد ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻴﺮه در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي m3+4 ، m1+2 و cu 1a (ﺷﻜﻞ 19 )؛ ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﺣﺸﺮات ﻧﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ و ﺑﺎ دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ؛ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺪام ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻤﻲ ﺧﻤﻴﺪه (ﺷﻜﻞ 20) Cyamophila glycyrrhizae Becker ................................................................................................... ................................... 11- ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻴﺮه در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي m3+4 ، m1+2 و cu 1a ؛ ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﺣﺸﺮات ﻧﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ و داراي دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ، راس ﺑﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺪام ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺮد و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎخ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ Cyamophila astragalicola Gegechkori ........................................................................................................................... ( )9 12- ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي در ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ و ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 10-2 آﻧﮕﺴﺘﺮوم ............... Cacopsylla pruni Scopoli 12- ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي ﻛﻢ و ﺑﻴﺶ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻨﻈﻢ و در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 20 اﻧﮕﺴﺘﺮوم ................................................. 13 (12)13- وﺟﻮد ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻧﻮارﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮي، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻠﻮل c+sc ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه از ﺧﺎر، اﺑﺘﺪاي اﻧﺸﻌﺎب رﮔﺒﺎل R در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ راس ﺳﻠﻮل rs داراي ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ .............
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