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Explain the importance of agriculture in . Explain the TS govt measures to promote agriculture. Introduction Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of Telangana and the better performance of this sector is vital for inclusive growth. Telangana went in for the Green Revolution in rice cultivation in the 1970s. There have been significant changes in the structure and performance of the agrarian economy in the state in the recent years. Telangana State is endowed with bountiful resources having good soils, diversified cropping pattern and major irrigation systems fed by rivers like Godavari and Krishna. Agriculture is a way of life, a tradition that has shaped the culture and economic life of the people of Telangana. Therefore, it will continue to be central to all strategies for planned socio-economic development of the State. The State Government has emphasized the need to achieve 6% growth rate and increased returns on investment to farmers through improved technology, effective extension reach, efficient input delivery, mechanisation, marketing tie up, adequate credit and crop insurance. The total Geographical area of the State is 114.84 lakh ha with a Gross Cropped Area of 62.88 lakh ha in the year 2013-14. 1. Total Geographical Area 114.84 Lakh Ha 2. Gross Cropped Area 62.88 3 Lakh Ha 3. Net Cropped Area 49.61 4 Lakh Ha 4. Gross Irrigated Area 31.64 Lakh Ha 5. Net Irrigated Area 22.89 Lakh Ha 6. No. of Farm holdings 55.54 Lakh Nos. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

7 .Average Farm Holding size 1.12 Ha 8. Average Annual Rainfall 906.00 Mm 9. Cropping Intensity 1.27% 10. Irrigation Intensity 1.38% Soils Telangana is situated on the , in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. In Telangana State, there are varieties of soils ranging from fertile alluvial to very poor sandy soils. Various soil types abound, including chalkas, red sandy soils, dubbas, deep red loamy soils, and very deep black cotton soils that facilitate planting mangoes, oranges and flowers, exist in Telangana. Red soils are predominant, accounting for 48 percent of the total area. Other soil types in the State are black cotton soils, alluvial, rocks and boulders accounting for 25 percent, 20 percent and 7 percent of the area, respectively. Socio Economic Outlook 2015 35 The soils in Nizamabad, and are deficient in nitrogen (less than 44%). Phosphorous deficiency (less than 55%) is prevalent in the districts of , Medak, Mahabubnagar and Nizamabad. Agriculture Potential of Telangana:

• Soils of Telangana are well drained to moderately well drained and provide favorable environment for soil fertility management. • Soils are suitable for wide range of crops including food grains, oil seeds, pulses, fruit crops, pastures, forestry etc. There are a number of agriculture-related-institutions of importance in Telangana, including

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ICAR Institutes viz. DRR, DOR, MANAGE, NIPHM and NAARM, NIRD, NFDB, CRIDA and NRCS • Food grain production recorded a growth rate of 3.97% (CAGR) as against 2.43 % at all level. • 37.42 lakh quintals of seeds of various crops with an area of 3.22 lakh acres, HYV Paddy, Hybrid paddy, Maize, Cotton and Bengal gram etc. are produced. Employment pattern in Telangana: Rural and Urban categorization III-14 2015-16 2013-14 2015-16 In Telangana,  Employment in rural is 74.2% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2013-14  Employment in rural is 73.0% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2015-16  Employment in urban is 6.9% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2013-14  Employment in urban is 6.5% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2015-16  Employment in rural and urban is 55.6% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2013-14  Employment in rural and urban is 54% in Agriculture & Allied Activities for the period 2015-16

Constraints in Telangana Agriculture While there is lot of potential for growth in agriculture, there are constraints hampering the same . The major constraints are as follows. • Low and erratic rainfall leaves many areas under unprecedented drought, while some areas are subjected to floods

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• Semi-arid climate restricts the growth of natural vegetation, due to which, scope of organic matter development in soils is limited and, therefore, the most soils are inherently poor in available Nitrogen, the chief nutrient for plant growth 63% of the agriculture is rainfed, which is exposed to the hostilities of climate • Among the farming community, about 85% of farmers are either marginal or small with poor socioeconomic condition High labour cost and low mechanization levels have increased the cost of cultivation Agricultural extension is devoid of enough strength and mobility to address each and every farmer at right time State’s Agriculture Vision Despite the constraints, it is important to improve the agricultural situation in the state, duly harnessing the available agricultural potential and integrating it with technology and resources. Keeping in view the future requirements of agricultural production, a vision for Telangana is framed as put forth here under: Empowering the farmers in seed management, enabling them to acquiring good quality seed at the right time and at affordable cost • Making farming a commercially viable endeavour • Providing easy access to inputs, finance, technology and IT • Increasing irrigated area by utilizing the available surface and groundwater potential • Providing means for land development for efficient soil and water management • Providing trained extension staff for technology transfer at the door step of farmers www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

• Identifying the yield gaps and bridging them through suitable technologies • Motivating for the farmers to adopt Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and balanced fertilization with necessary demonstration and training support • Providing short term weather forecasting for instant action • Promoting farm mechanization through access to farm machinery and equipment at affordable cost • Strengthening IT to help the farmer in accessing information on weather, input availability and markets • Improving water use effi ciency through drip and sprinkler irrigation • Empowering the farmers for eco-friendly agriculture through INM and IPM • New Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture Development New Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture Development Strategy – Making Vision A Reality TO MAKE THE VISION A REALITY THE FOLLOWING FLAGSHIP SCHEMES IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR Seed Bowl Seed is a critical determinant in increasing the agricultural productivity. The performance and effi ciency of other inputs depends on the quality of seed produced and supplied. Telangana Government is developing a strategy to make the State, as the “Seed Bowl” of the country, endowed as it is with congenial climatic conditions and soils suitable for quality seed production of various crops www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] viz., Paddy, Maize, Soybean Castor & Cotton. In view of the above, a five year plan has been prepared for production of breeder and certified seed by involving the technical expertise of Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University (PJTSAU) The seed production programme is planned to be taken up through Seed Village Programme and Seed Production in State Seed Farms and Government Agencies like Telanagana State Seed Development Corporation (TSSDC), Oil fed, MARKFED and HACA. The state produces 37.42 lakh quintals of seeds of various crops with an area of 3.22 lakh acres, mainly Hybrid paddy, Maize, Cotton and Bengal gram etc. which are supplied to our farmers and also to various other states. Thus the Telangana is the seed capital of the country. Hence production and supply of quality seed to the farmers is one of the most important interventions proposed under the plan budget for which an amount of Rs 50.00 crores is allocated to strengthen the seed chain, which includes improving of seed varietal replacement in all crops, construction of additional seed storage godowns, procurement of seed processing equipment, strengthening of seed testing laboratories etc. There are 10 seed farms in the state with an area of 536 ha of cultivable area. The main objective is to produce foundation seed and supply under the Seed Village Scheme. It is proposed to strengthen these farms by supplying Breeder seed for multiplication while providing assured irrigation and infrastructure support like seed processing and storage. Development of Crop Colonies Telangana State is having large areas under Paddy, Maize, Pulses and oilseeds like Soybean Castor and Groundnut with suitable soils and climatic conditions. It has been proposed to establish crop colonies under these crops with a view to expand area, increase production and www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] productivity and to achieve self-sufficiency. Seeds are critical input for long term sustained growth in Agriculture. Timely availability of certified seed to farmers with good yield potential continues to be a major problem in the state. In India only 20% of the farmers use certified seed and remaining 80% use farm saved seeds, where as in Telangana about 70%-80% farmers use certified seeds. It may be mentioned here that rain fed areas are vulnerable to high risk and seed systems have to be re-oriented towards meeting shortages on account of supply shortages. Seeds being rendered futile in rain fed areas owing to prolonged dry spells immediately after sowing is a common occurrence. There should be assured availability of a second batch of seed to repeat sowing if the fi rst sowing fails In case of long dry spells the State Seed System must be capable of providing seeds for contingency plan. There is a great potential for seed production in Telangana. Hybrid Cotton Seed Production is primarily taken up in the districts of Mahabubnagar, Hybrid maize Seed production is taken up in , Nizamabad, and Medak districts. The Hybrid paddy seed is produced in Karimnagar and Warangal districts. Similarly there are large areas under seed production of varieties of various crops like Paddy, Castor, Pulses, Groundnut, Soybean and vegetables in Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Mahabubnagar and Adilabad. Hence, it is proposed to establish crop colonies under these crops with a view to expanding area, increasing production and productivity to achieve self- sufficiency in seeds. Soil testing:

Soil testing is done to evaluate the fertility status of the soil to identify nutrients available and the problems (salinity/sodicity) of the farmland. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

In the absence of this information, either farmers end up applying too much fertiliser, which increases cost of cultivation in addition to damaging the environment, or end up applying too little fertiliser, which results in low yields and returns. Based on soil testing, the farmers can improve fertility of the land by applying appropriate fertilisers/micro- nutrients.

The Soil Health Card Scheme is being implemented to create awareness among farmers regarding the importance of soil testing and judicious and integrated use of fertilisers based on soil test data, thereby reducing the cost of cultivation. The scheme promotes soil health by reclamation of acidic/alkaline soils and productivity by balanced and integrated use of fertilisers.

The Telangana Government has established 44 soil testing labs and plans to issue Soil Health Cards to all the farmers in the state over a period of two years. Under the Soil Health Card Scheme, the target is to collect one sample for every 10 ha and 2.5 ha for rain-fed and irrigated areas, respectively.

During 2015-16, 5 lakh soil samples were collected and analysed, and about 21.6 lakh soil health cards were distributed. For 2016-17, the target for collection and analysis of soil samples is 5.34 lakh. As on 21 January 2017, about 4.23 lakhs soil samples have been collected and 3.64 lakh samples analysed.

Micro-irrigation:

A special project on micro-irrigation has been under implementation in Telangana. The major objectives of the scheme include (i) enhance productivity, (ii) (ii) improve effi ciency of water and fertilizer use, (iii) (iii) improve energy and labour effi ciency and (iv) (iv) increase agricultural yield with less water.

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Recognising the importance of micro-irrigation, the subsidy was extended to cover up to 5ha. for all categories of farmers, without limitation on unit cost subsidy as compared to the earlier limitation of Rs. 1 lakh subsidy per family, with coverage of 1 ha only.

Integrated pest management:

To reduce the indiscriminate use of pesticides, the extension staff organised demonstrations pertaining to Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Farmers were trained in seed treatment, trap crops and border crops, erecting bird perches, etc. (i.e.,biological, cultural, echanical and chemical methods). Use of silt from tanks through renovation of tanks under the Mission Kakatiya, is helping farmers in reducing fertiliser consumption.

Farm Mechanisation: Most of the farming is carried out on small holdings. Mechanization possibility is strongly influenced by the farm size, cost of farm labour, availability and suitability of machines and energy. The farming system continues to utilize manual power, animal power and tractor power. In order to bring more land under cultivation and to improve productivity per unit area, the Government is promoting farm mechanization by encouraging machinery to be used from sowing to harvest, like power tractors, power tillers, including through the use of renewable energy. Objectives of the scheme • Reduction of physical drudgery associated with various farm operations • Making available the presence of mechanization in every village. • Rise in Productivity level/ Net income per hectare www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

• Helps in the protection of the produce and byproducts from qualitative and quantitative damages • Product quality improvement through use of Post harvest machinery/ improved processing methods Reduction in cost of cultivation for major crops grown in the State These objectives are to be pursued with the view point that mechanization induced enhancement in productivity could be one of the important inputs to usher in all round development in the rural areas. An amount of Rs 100.00 crores is proposed to supply various farm implements i.e. Animal Drawn Implements, Tractor Drawn Implements, High Cost Machinery (Upto 1 lakh & 1 to 5 lakh), Rotovators, Harvesters, Taiwan Sprayers, Power Tillers, Mini Tractors, Post Harvest Equipment, Plant Protection Equipment, Inter cultivation Equipment and for establishment of Custom Hiring Centers for Paddy Land Preparation package. The subsidy proposed under Normal State Plan (NSP) is 50%. Farm Mechanization - Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) An amount of Rs 67.40 cores is proposed for establishment of Custom Hiring Centers for Paddy, Cotton, Maize, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Mini SMSRI, Paddy Nursery Package, Paddy Harvesting package, Post Harvest Items & Procurement Centers, Implement Hiring Stations, Tarpaulins, Solar fencing, Paddy reapers, Power Tillers, Seed cum ferti- drills, Maize Shellers, Multi Crop Threshers, Rotovators, Power Weeders, Improved farm machinery (4- Row walker type Paddy Transplanters, Paddy Threshers, Turmeric Boilers, Laser guided land leveler, Wet land leveler, Groundnut wet pod thresher, Combine Harvesters etc) and for organizing Trainings & Demonstrations and also for establishment of Solar pump sets.

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Out of total amount proposed, an amount of Rs 10.42 crores which is the unspent balance available under RKVY 2013-14 will be utilized for establishment of Solar Pump sets during 2014-15 @ Rs 1,00,000/- subsidy from the Department of Agriculture and 30% from New & Renewable Energy Development Ltd. (NRED). The remaining amount of Rs 56.98 crores was allocated and Rs 22.00 crores was released to all the districts. The subsidy approved by State Level Sanction Committee (SLSC) is 50% for all the components supplied under FM component of RKVY scheme. Sub-Mission on AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION (SMAM) An amount of Rs 23.54 crores is proposed for supply of Mini Tractors, Power Tillers, Self Propelled machinery, Animal drawn implements, Tractor drawn implements, Plant protection equipment, establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Center up to Rs. 10 lakh to Rs. 25 lakh and for organizing trainings & demonstrations to farmers. Out of the total amount proposed, Rs 7.54 crores was already allocated to the districts for utilization towards above components. The subsidy pattern varies with the component and category (SC/ST/Women/SF/MF and other farmer) of farmer as per the SMAM guidelines communicated by . Farm Mechanization- National Food Security Mission (NFSM) An amount of Rs 9.11 crores was allocated to districts towards supply of Cono weeder, Sprayer, Power weeder, Drum seeder, Seed drill, Paddy thresher, multi-crop thresher, Self Propelled Paddy Transplanter, Pumpsets, manual Winnowers, Assistance for Custom Hiring Centers i.e. Puddling with Rotavator, Ridge Furrow Planters @ 50% subsidy and towards labour charges for spraying with Taiwan Sprayers, Combine Harvester under NFSM Rice. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Agriculture Marketing A comprehensive (Agriculture Produce and Livestock) Markets Act has come into force from 18.11.1996., which is to be adopted for Telangana State. The objective of the Markets Act is to protect the interests of farmers in the sale of agricultural produce and to ensure remunerative price to them and to protect them from the clutches of unscrupulous traders. There are 150 Agricultural Market Committees under which 306 market yards are notified in the State consisting of 147 main yards and 101 sub yards. In these 150 Agricultural Market Committees, Functional markets are 64, Seasonal markets are 16, Cattle markets are 19, Check Posts are 264, and Rythu Bazars 26.

National Agriculture Market:

The National Agriculture Market (NAM) is envisaged as a pan-India electronic trading portal, which seeks to network the existing Agricultural Marketing Committees (AMCs) and other market yards as part of a unified national market for agricultural commodities. Current APMC regulated market yards limit the scope of trading in agricultural commodities to the fi rst point of sale (i.e., where farmers offer produce after the harvest) in the local mandi, typically at the level of taluka/tahsil or at best the district.

The National Agriculture Market is not a parallel marketing structure but rather a device to create a national network of physical mandis that can be accessed online. It seeks to leverage the physical infrastructure of the mandis through an online trading portal, enabling buyers situated even outside the state to participate in trading at the local level.

NAM seeks to address and reverse this process of fragmentation of markets, ultimately lowering intermediation costs, wastage and prices

www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] for the fi nal consumer. It builds on the strength of the local mandi and allows it to offer the produce at the national level.

The NAM electronic trading platform was created with an investment by the Government of India (through the Ministry of Agriculture). It will offer a “plug-in” to any market yard existing in a state (whether regulated or private). The special software developed for NAM will be offered free of cost to each mandi that agrees to join the national network and necessary customisation will be undertaken to conform to the regulations of each state’s Mandi Act.

There are three basic criteria for a state to propose mandis for a “plug- in” to NAM, viz., (i) the state APMC Act must have a specific provision for electronic trading, (ii) the state APMC Act must provide for issue of licences to anyone in India to trade through the NAM in the local mandis and (iii) there must be one single licence for each state to facilitate trading in all the mandis of that state and a single-point levy of transaction fee. For the local trader in the mandi, NAM offers the opportunity to access a larger national market for secondary trading. Bulk buyers, processors, exporters and others benefi t from being able to participate directly in trading at the local mandi level through the NAM platform, thereby reducing their intermediation costs.

The has amended the APMC Act in tune with NAM to avoid complications and problems in implementation. Five Agricultural Market Committees were selected for the pilot launch on 14th April 2016, and successfully implemented in Agricultural Market Committees at Nizamabad, Warangal, Badepally, (Malakpet Yard), and Thirmalgiri. To date, 44 markets have gone online and are functioning. As on January 2017, a total trade of about 4,17,928 tonnes of produce worth Rs 724.64 crore has taken place on the e-NAM platform.

CO-OPERATION

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Telangana State Cooperative Marketing Societies Federation Limited Hyderabad (T.S.MARKFED) Telangana State Co-operative Marketing Societies Federation Limited Hyderabad (T.S. MARKFED) reconstituted on 02-6-2014, after the State is bifurcated, it covers nine district Cooperative Marketing Societies that undertaking the procurement and marketing of agricultural produce enabling the farmers to get remunerative prices. These Societies had a business turnover of Rs. 201.48 crores in 2013-14 compared to Rs.59.17 crore in the previous year. It has only one feed mixing plant in Karimnagar and one cotton ginning plant in Adilabad.

Creation of Additional Storage/Godowns:

There were 176 small godowns (storage facilities) in Telangana at the time of State formation, with 4.1 lakh capacity for storage of agricultural commodities. Realizing that there is an acute shortage of storage facilities in the State, Government has taken up construction of godowns with storage capacity of 17,057 lakh metric tonnes at 330 locations with assistance of NABARD and so far 138 godowns have been completed. These godowns are specifi cally designed in such a way that each godown will have three compartments, for purposes such as Rythu Bandhu Padhakam, MSP Operations, storing of PDS rice or seeds.

Purchase of perishable commodities under Market Intervention Scheme:

Prices of onions and tomatoes have crashed in the year 2016-17. The prices of onions have fallen below economic levels due to heavy production in states like , , Gujarat and other states. Further, continuous rains during September–October 2016 led to deterioration of quality, resulting in a fall in the prices of onions; farmers could not get more than Rs 200 per quintal, which is less than the cost of production. The prices of tomatoes fell drastically due to a bumper crop www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] and increased supplies from Ananthapur, Madanapalli, Karnataka and other states to Rs. 1–3 per kg. In order to prevent distress sales by the farmers, the government procured onions at Rs. 8 per kg and tomatoes at Rs. 5 per kg directly from the farmers under the Market Intervention Scheme, duly providing transportation from field to Malakpet Market, at Hyderabad. Under this scheme, 2,11,447 quintals of onions were procured from 3,225 farmers.

Encouraging farmers towards horticultural crops

Horticultural crops, consisting of fruits, vegetables, flowers, plantation crops and spices, have emerged as a significant contributor to the economy by generating employment to the unskilled and semi-skilled rural poor. With rising incomes and urbanisation, demands for these products have increased manifold, fetching higher income to horticultural farmers. Horticultural crops are being grown in an area of 6.73 lakh ha with a production of 81.65 lakh metric tonnes in Telangana in 2015-16. Telangana ranks third in area and eighth in production of fruits and ranks first in turmeric cultivation. The government has been taking a number of initiatives to increase area and production of horticultural crops in the state. Major interventions include (i) bringing horticultural crops under micro-irrigation,

(ii) promoting cultivation of high-value vegetables and flowers in greenhouses/poly-houses,

(iii) distribution of quality seed to increase productivity,

(iv) establishing of a ‘Turmeric Spice Park’ at Padgal village in for the comprehensive development of turmeric farming,

(v) creation of two centres of excellence – one in Jeedimetla, (for vegetables and flowers) and other in , www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Medak district (for fruits) to demonstrate the latest methods and to supply quality plant material,

(vi) building up of 399 crop colonies to promote horticulture crops across the state,

(vii) establishment of ‘Telangana State Horticulture Development Corporation Limited’ to promote procurement, storage, processing and marketing of good quality horticultural crops and to facilitate implementation of schemes related to horticultural crops.

Extension The extension work at field level is suffering for want of staff and staff mobility. Despite this, agricultural growth has been supported by several extension support mechanisms that included farmers’ meets under Rythu Chaitanya Yatralu, Rythu Sadassulu, awards to the best performing farmers, agricultural technology management (ATMA), strategic research extension plan, strategic extension work plan, farmers’ schools,; periodic soil testing reports providing soil health cards to the farmers; extensive use of information and communication technology tools and web based interventions like AGRISNET (http://agrisnet.tg.nic. in-Telugu);interactive services from the Agricultural University – Kisan call centres operated by the BSNL, inter-active voice recorded system etc.; e-agrilabs to test the fertiliser and pesticide applications; Mee-Seva applications for farmers; farm mechanisation support system at the gram panchayats and capacity building of farmers for their effective use. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, a flagship programme with 100 percent Central Government support is a major Extension initiative. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

National E-Governance Plan – Agriculture (NeGP-A) NeGP-A has been approved by GoI which is a part of Sub Mission on Agriculture Extension under NMAET. NeGP-A is proposed to be implemented across the country and aims at offering Government to Citizen / Farmer (G2C or G2F), Government to Business (G2B) and Government to Government (G2G) agricultural services in an integrated manner through the Central Agriculture Portal (CAP) and State Agriculture Portals (SAPs). GoI is procuring hardware up to block level centrally. Before the hardware is supplied amount has been released for site preparation i.e. electrical works and furniture for Blocks and Training Centers. Amount has been released for connectivity and setting up of Project Monitoring Unit (PMU) for 2 months. Total amount of Rs. 66.55 lakhs has been released by GoI during this financial year.

Agricultural Credit The Annual Credit Plan for 2014-15 was Rs.27233.59 crores for the Telangana towards Agriculture Credit, nearly Rs.17636.44 crores (65%) was disbursed under Agricultural credit. An amount of Rs.13,561 crores (72%) was disbursed under crop loans as against the target of Rs.18,717.95 crores and an amount of Rs. 2794.15crores (45%) was disbursed as against the target of Rs.6238.48 crores under Agriculture Term Loans and Rs.3,132.29 crore(137%) was disbursed as against the target of Rs.2,277.16 crore under Allied activities. Crop Loan Waiver Scheme 2014-15 Farmers in the Telangana state have faced severe financial crisis due to frequent crop failures, lack of adequate support price, steep hike in input costs etc. To mitigate the plight of the farmers, the Telangana www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Government has decided to waive crop loans taken by the farmers up to Rs.1.00 Lakh per farmer. Agricultural loans on gold mortgage have also been included along with the interest. Government of Telangana released an amount of Rs. 4250.00 crores as fi rst installment under Loan waiver scheme and the amount was credited into the bank accounts of over 34 lakh farmers. Crop Insurance Three Crop Insurance schemes have been implemented in Telangana State during Kharif & Rabi 2014-15 viz. a) National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) b) Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) c) Modified National Agriculture Insurance scheme (MNAIS) National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was introduced from Kharif 2000 season onwards with involvement of Agriculture Department, Agriculture Insurance Co. (Implementing Agency) and Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Under the scheme, 19 crops were covered in Kharif and 10 crops in Rabi. 10 % of premium subsidy is allowed to small and marginal farmers only under National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS). Objectives

 To provide a measure of financial support to the farmers in the event of yield loss recorded by conducting Crop Cutting Experiments.  To restore the credit eligibility of a farmer after a crop failure for the next season.  To encourage the farmers to adopt progressive farming practices, high value in-puts and higher technology in Agriculture.  To help stabilize farm incomes, particularly in disaster years.

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During Kharif 19 crops covered and 10 crops in Rabi. 10 % of premium subsidy is allowed to small and marginal farmers only under National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS). Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) For the benefit of farming community, apart from the “National Agricultural Insurance Scheme” (NAIS) for the first time in the State, the Government have implemented the “Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme” during Kharif 2009 season. The Scheme aims to mitigate the hardship of the insured farmers due to crop losses resulting from incidence of adverse deviations of weather parameters like rainfall, temperature, relative humidity etc. Crops covered under this component are cotton, red chilli, oil palm, mango and sweet lime.

Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) To measure the weather parameters “Automatic Weather Stations” (AWS) are established in all the mandals of the State at the rate of one per Mandal. Around 900 AWS are working in the State. National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP) For the benefit of the farming community the Government of India have issued orders to implement National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP) for Kharif 2014 onwards by merging MNAIS & WBCIS in the state which has many more farmer friendly features. Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) The Government of India introduced Modifi ed National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) during Rabi 2010-11 on pilot basis in Warangal District which has many more farmer friendly features such as covering for localized calamities (hail storm), prevented sowings, coverage for major crops in the district, coverage on individual farmer www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] basis with 40 to 75% subsidy in premium etc. Rice being a major crop, has been selected for implementation under the scheme, with village being the unit of implementation. The scheme is successfully under implementation and has been extended to all the districts in the State from Rabi 2014-15 season. Pradhan Mantri FasalBimaYojana (PMFBY)

Government of India launched Pradhan Mantri FasalBimaYojana (PMFBY), which has following three components: a) PMFBY for Standing Crops: The crops covered under this component during the Kharif 2016 season in Telangana were: rice, groundnut, maize, soyabean, red gram, turmeric, green gram, red chilli (irrigated), and jowar, groundnut,black gram, and red chilli (un-irrigated). b) Unified Package Insurance Scheme (UPIS): Under this component, farmers are covered for accident insurance, life insurance, dwelling insurance, students’ safety insurance, agricultural pump-set insurance, tractor insurance. Nizamabad district has been selected to implement the scheme on pilot basis.

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) RKVY is one of the flagship programmes of Government of India with 100% Central Aid being implemented with an objective to achieve annual growth rate in excess of 4% in Agriculture sector. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) an Additional Central Assistance scheme (100% GOI grant) intended to develop Agriculture and Allied Sectors in holistic manner to achieve the targeted annual growth. The departments covered in RKVY scheme are Agriculture & allied sectors such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Dairy Development, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Horticultural University, Veterinary University, AGROS, Sericulture, T.S. MARKFED & Food Processing (Industries) etc. Thrust on farm mechanization as the availability of farm labour and escalated labour cost became major concerns for the present day farming. More mechanized farm equipment to the farmers are being provided so that they can undertake timely Agriculture activities. As per the requirement of the farmers, Equipment such as Tractors, Tillers, Custom Hiring Centers for High Cost Machinery like Multi Crop Threshers, Maize Sheller, Rotovators and combined harvesters etc., will be made available with the subsidy up to 50%, not exceeding Rs. 50,000/-. The allocations under RKVY to Telangana state is Rs. 195.27 crores during the year 2014-15. National Food Security Mission (NFSM) NFSM-The flagship scheme launched by Government of India during 11th plan is continued with in 12th plan. Under National Food Security Mission Government of India has envisaged certain objectives during the 12th Plan i.e. Government of India provides 100% financial assistance for implementation of the scheme. An amount of Rs. 85.43 crores is allocated under NFSM during the year 2014-15 Rythu Bandhu Pathakam The Rythu Bandhu Pathakam is being implemented since 1990. But the scheme was not popular among the farmers as the upper limit of the loan amount under the scheme was Rs. 1.00 lakh only and after having consultations with farmers, the Govt. of Telangana have issued revised guidelines by enhancing the ceiling limit of the loan amount to Rs. 2.00 lakhs without any interest upto 180 days to avoid distress sales. The renewal period of Rythu Bandhu Pathakam card is also extended to 5 years as against the 3 years existing earlier, the department spent Rs. 1.74 crores during 2014-15 for providing pledge loan to farmers to help www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] them avoid distress sale of their produce. 1111 farmers in 2013-14 benefi ted as against 953 farmers in 2012- 13 under Rythu Bandhu Pathakam. Rythu Bazars-Mana Kuragayalu: Adding to the existing 27 Rythu Bazaars in Telangana, the State Government launched ‘Mana Kuragayalu’ programme as an alternate marketing system to cater to the increasing demand for fresh fruit and vegetables due to the continuous increase in population and spread of the twin cities. Mana Kuragayalu is an extension of the Rythu Bazaar concept and the only difference is that it attempts to link distant farmers to market their fresh produce through shortening the supply chain by establishing Farmer Interests Groups (FIGs)/ Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) and Societies in the production clusters by the Horticulture Department. Mobile Rythu Bazars are operating in Hyderabad and cities for selling graded vegetables. This has proved to be successful. Outlook for the Agriculture Sector

The comprehensive set of programmes to address different issues faced by the agriculture sector such as integrated pest management, soil testing, farm mechanisation, e-NAM for improving marketing institutions for agricultural produces, purchase of perishable commodities under market intervention schemes, creation of additional godowns, encouraging farmers towards horticultural crops, crop insurance and other schemes are expected to enhance farmers’ income. Increasing irrigation facilities is critical for ensuring drought-proofing of agriculture sector. Government gave highest budgetary allocations for the irrigation sector and making all efforts to fast finishing of the projects. Renovation of tanks through the Mission Kakatiya had positive impact on increasing water availability in the State

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Explain the agriculture sector vision of Telangana state.

Agriculture Policy in Telangana State:  Compound growth rate of food grains per annum in Telangana is 3.97 % (2.43% in Overall India)  Total river in Telangana : 42

Obstacles to Agriculture growth in Telangana:  85% of farmers are small and marginal farmers  Semi Aid climate of Telangana State  Low level of Rainfall, Drought, faminer of floods

Government Vision of Telangana

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 State Govt. is concentrating on quality seeds to make Telangana state as seed Bowl of India or Seed Capital of India  T.G. State is concentrating to develop ground water and Surface water to improve the irrigation facilities  State govt is encouraging Soil Testing  Measurements towards the Agricultural Development in Telangana 1) State govt. Prepared 5 year plan to make T.G. as a Seed Bowl of the country with the help of Prof : Jayashankar Agricultural University Following institutions were involving in the Seed Development 1) Seed Village Programme 2) Telangana state Seed Development Corporation 3) Oil feed : Oil cooperation marketing federation 4) T.S. Markfed : Telangana Co-operative Marketing feed 5) HACA : Hyderabad Agricultural Co-operative Agency  3.22 lakh acres are under the development of 37 lakh quantal seeds  536 Hec are covered by 10 seeds development fields  2014-15 budget allocation for seed development is 50 Cr. Karimnagar Nizamabad Femous for Hybrid Jawar Medak

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Karimnagar Famous for Warangal Hybrid Padd

Karimnagar Warangal Nalgonda Famous for developing seeds Nizamabad Associated with Soyabeen, Dal, Vegetables Mahabubnagar Adilbad

Agricultural Marketing in Telangana :  Agricultural Market Act come into force 2nd June 2014  Dept of Agricultural Marketing provides minimum support prices to Agri-products  Protect the farmers from mediators  At present we have 150 Agricultural Marketing Committee in Telangana  Each Agricultural Marketing chairman must be a farmers  Marketing committee consists of farmers, traders, Govt Officials  Marketing Committee provides Seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, at subsidized prices to farmers  Market committee supervise market yards.  At present, we have 306 market yards www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 There are 147 major market yards and 101 sub-market yards and remaining are seasonal market yards  There are 30 Rhythu bazaars in Telangana  1 more Rhythu Bazar was started on 30th Aug 2015 in Mahabubnagar

Saddimutha Scheme:  Started on 13 Oct 2014 in Siddipet Market Yard  1 meal = Rs5.  Applicable to farmers and Hamalies  Supported by Hare-Rama, Hare-Krishna Trust  Started by T.Harish Rao, Minister of marketing and Irrigation

Fram Machanization scheme (Introduction of machinery in Agriculture)  It was introduced by State govt to enhance the production of productivity of to reduce cost of production.  Use of small tractors, tillers, spryers, post-harrest equipment is called Mechanization in Agriculture (50% Subsidy)  Under RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) (NFSM) we received 9.11Cr  On solar pumpsets: 30% subsidy for 2014-15

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Agricultural Extension Services:  It consists of conducting conference to help farmers, to provide awards to best farmers.  To conduct Rhytu Chaitnaya Yatralu.  To provide soil testing cards by ATMA (Agri Tech Management Agency)  Conducting kisan call centers by help of BSNL

Agricultural Credit: Crop loan: These loans were used to purchase seeds, fertilizers, and to pay wages to agriculture labours. Crop loan period is 15 months. Long term loan: These loans were used to develop irrigational facilities, purchasing a tractor etc., Long term loan period is 2-20 years.

In 2014-15, Govt of Telangana decided to give 72% to Crop loans and 18% to long term loans. Total credit target is 2.7233 Cr and achievement is 17.701 Cr. Crop loans target is 18,717 Cr and achievement is 13,561 Cr Long term loan target is 6,238 Cr 2 and achievement is 794 Cr

Crop loan cancellation Scheme (2014-15) Phase –I  4250 Cr  Benifited to 34 lakh farmers www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Phase –II  4250 Cr  Benifited to 34 lakh farmers This scheme is also applicable to crop and gold loans. This scheme is applicable up to 1 lakh

Crop –Insurance schemes in Telangana 1. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme NAIS 2. Modified NAIS MNAIS 3. WBCI weather based Crop Insurance Scheme

1. NAIS : It was introduced in Kharif Season 2000 (July – Oct)

Objectives of NAIS: 1) Encouraging modern methods of cultivation and technology in Agriculture 2) To stabilize farmers income 3) To support farmers for revival of the credit facility when crops falls 4) To provide economic assistance to farmers when crop fails 5) NAIS is covering 19 crops in Kharif Season and 10 crops in Rabi Season In telangana state NAIS is implemented by Dept of –Agriculture, Telangana State Agriculture insurance company of India Ltd

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2. Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCI) : It was 1st introduced in Kharif Season 2009 in Karnataka It was introduced to protect the farmers from crop failures due to changes in the weather conditions

3. Modified NAIS:

1. It was introduced at Warangal dist in Rabi Season 2011 2. It was 1st introduced to raise crops and later extended 3. From 2014-15 onwards, it is extended to all the dist except HYD. Note: Nation Crop Insurance Program – 2014 (NCIP). This program was started during kharif 2014 by merging MNAIS and WBCI

Ne-GP-A It is a part of NMEAT (National Mission on Extension of Agriculture Technology) It consists of G2C (or) G2F   Custom.citizen Farmer G2B  Business G2G  Govt

State Govt integrated SAP and CAP for Speedy Extension of Services www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

SAP : State Agriculture portal CAP : Central Agriculture portal

Development of Crop Colonies:

At National level only 20% farmers are using certified seeds, whereas in Telangana 70-80% farmers are using the certified seeds

1. Seed quality enhance the production upto 10% extra therefore, in order to increase the production, state Govt in interested to introduce crop colonies. 2. Crop colonies means specialized agricultural field for the development of crop quality seeds 3. Rhythu Bandhu scheme (pledge loan scheme) Introduced on 15th Aug 1990.

When it was introduced loan = 1 lakh At present loan – 2 lakhs Interest Fee = 90 days Interest fee = 180 days Card duration 3 years Card duration = 5 years

Rhythu Bazars: 4. 31 Rhthu Bazars Estd 5. 3.115 farmers supplying 8000-10,000 lakh quintal vegetables

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6. At present, we have mobile Rhythu bazaar in Hyd and Sec-bad

Horticulture in Telangana Horticulture consists of production of vegetables, flowers and fruits. 7. It is a sub sector of agriculture. 8. In Telangana State Tomato, Bendi, Brinjal are important vegetables 9. Mango, Citrus, banana, Papaya, Guava are important fruits produced in Telangana . 10. Telangana occupies 3rd position in production of fruits in India of 1st Turemic production in India. 11. At present Horticulture is running in 10.86 Hec of producing 112 lakh metic tones.  Following programs are being implemented for development of Horticulture in Telangana Programs supporting Horticulture

MIP : Micro Irrigation Project MIDH : Mission for integrated 5 year Development of Horticulture RKVY : Rashtriya Krushi Vikas Yojana NMOSOP : National Mission for Oil Seeds and Oil Palm

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SHM : State Horticulture Mission. It was introduced in 2005. It helps to encourage Horticulture activities and post –Harvest management. In order to encourage post-harvest management, 19 cold storages, 12 Ripering chambers, 31 back houses, 40 Turmeric boiling units were established in Telangana.

Micro – Irrigation 1. Net-irrigation Area in Telangana including ground water 14.85 lakh Hec 2. Micro irrigation in 4.7 lakh Hec, we can extend micro irrigation further to 10 lakh Hec . 3. Every year 44,000 Hec is coming under micro irrigation . 4. Govt aim is to extend micro-irrigation upto 1 lakh Hec every year

Micro irrigation means irrigation using open wells and closed wells and also Drip Irrigation sprinkles irrigation particularly Drip Irrigation is useful in Bamboo cultivation, sugarcane and fruits

Poly House cultivation: Monthly Exp: for poly Housing – 80,000 – per acre per month Net Income - 1,00,000- acre per month

1. They cover the 1 acre crop by green curtain

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2. Poly housing resulted into continuous production of vegetables through the year. 3. At present 34.6 farmers are using poly-house cultivation 4. Poly housing is also known as Green housing Haritha Haram Its objective is to increase the forest area from 25.46% to 33 %. Events in Haritha Haram. 1. In every assembly constituency 40 lakh plants to be planted 2. 10 crore plants to Development Authority 3. 230 crore plants during 3 years of duration 4. Budge allocated for Haritha Haram in 2015-16 is 325 crores

Explain the employment, financial and water issues between Andhra and Telangana.

I) Employment and financial issues

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Kumar Lallith Committee  This Committee was established in January 1969 by Kassu Brahmanandha Reddy Govt  This Committee was appointed to identify Andhra employees working in Telangana against Mulki Rule during duration 1st Nov 1956 to 31st March 1968.  According to this committee Report 4,500 Andhra employes are working in T.G. against Mulki Rule.  Budget surplus in Revenue A/c = 102 Cr.  Budget surplus in Revenue + Capital A/c = 63.92 Cr (T.G)  According to this Report Last 2 years, Surplus Budget is 34.10 Cr. But Telangana leaders given objection to this report and argued that the surplus is more. In order to resolve this issue, Indira Gandhi appointed another committee under the leadership of Justice Bhargava. This committee was appointed on 11th April 1969. This committee was effective from 22nd April 1969.

Bhargava Committee Chairman: Justice Vasista Bhargava Members: 1) Prof Bihari Mathu 2) Hari Bushanbar Secretary: Krishna Sawmi www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

This committee submitted a report with 123 pages to Indira Gandhi The Committee report consists of following.  Budget surplus – 1956 to 1968 is 28,44Cr  Andhra employees -1956 to 1968 are 4,500  All local jobs were recruited by Andhra people. As a result of JAI TELANGANA MOVEMENT in 1969, Indira Gandhi was declared a scheme on 11th April 1969 regarding the dispute settlement in Telangana Area. This declaration is called 8 point Formula. It consists of the following points.

1) Establishment of one official committee to identify the surplus funds transferred from Telangana to Andhra Area. 2) For Compensating this transfer funds the Govt has to mobilize Additional funds 3) Establishment of Telangana regional development Board this Board consists of a member from planning commission and two ministers from Telangana area. 4) For implementing the 5 year plans, one govt officers Committee must be established. This Committee consists of officers from ministry of Home and Ministry of Finance of state govt officers. And the chairman of Committee must be member of planning commission

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5) Providing more powers to Telangana regional development Board of Telangana officers committee 6) Measures should be taken to provide local jobs to local people. 7) To solve the problems of Telangana Employee, the problems are handed over to Union public service commission 8) Review of the progress of Telangana development for every 6 months infront of Prime Ministers. Since there no provisions about the Mulki rules in 8 point formula, Telangana people were not satisfied. Hence, 5 point formula was declared by prime minister. This 5 point formula was also not satisfied the interest of the Telangana People. Therefore the 6 point formula was declared on 21 Sep 1973. It consists of the following points. 1) Establishment of State level planning board. Sub Committees on backward Areas development and state level planning board. 2) Uniform reservation in Educational Institutions . In capital city establishment of central university for higher educational facilities . According to this was estd. 3) Up to certain level in Govt jobs priority will be given to local candidates  In case of promotions also priority will be given to local candidates upto certain levels 4) Establishment of administrative tribunal to look after the issues related to employment, seniority and promotion www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

5) In order to implement the above 4 points parliament should give power to change the constitution by . 6) To implement the above points Telangana regional committees should be continued

Justice Kailashnath wanchoo Committee This committee was appointed on 28th March 1969 due to different judgments given by High Court and the Supreme Court regarding mulki rules. Chairman: Justice Wanchoo Members: 1) Niran De 2) M.P. Sethwalad  This committee was submitted its 1st report on 9th Sep 1969.  This committee was recommended following things  Parliament has no power to make any Act regarding the state employment.  No power to parliament to provide special privileges to particular areas in the state. Therefore, mulki rules were not possible to implement  According to this, some lower level jobs should be exclude from public service commission.  According to Art-371, there is a provision to provide special provisions to backward areas and under developed Areas. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

371 –D belongs to AP. this modification was incorporated in our constitution in 32nd Amendment Act.  According to Article 371-D, president of India will get some powers to implement certain provisions in Andhra Pradesh. Hence president of india was issued an order which is famed as presidential order of AP.  According to this presidential order, A.P. State Govt was issued G.O.674 on 20th Oct 1975.  G.O.674 is associated with Recruitment of Employees in A.P.  According to it zonal system was introduced in A.P. As a result is AP was classified into 6 zones. They are:

 Andhra – 3 zones

1) Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram, Visaka 2) East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna 3) Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore

 Rayalassema –one zone

4) Kadapa, Kurnool, Ananthapur, Chittoor

 Telangana – 2 zones www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

5) Warangal, Karimnagar, Adilabad, 6) Medak, Ranga Reddy and HYD, Nizamabad, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda

Exceptions to the Presidential orders: Zonal system is not applicable to certain jobs. According to Act, any police job belongs to Hyderabad city is an exception to this zonal system. On the basis of this point, Hyd has become fee zone for the police jobs.

Jaya Bharath Reddy Committee -1985

This committee was appointed by N.T.Rama Rao. This Committee was established to find Non-local in Telangana during 1975-1985 Chairman: Jaya Bharath Reddy Members: 1) Umapathi –I.A.S, 2) Kamarnath I.A.S

 According to this committee report, 56,962 non-locals were working in T.G. during 18th Oct 1975 – 30 June 1981.  This committee was reported its report in 1985.

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 Jaya Bharath Committee recommendation were not implemented by the Govt  So another committee was appointed by N.T.R ie Sundareshan Committee -1985. This committee sbmited its report on Dec 1985  According to Sundereshan Committee recommendation N.T.Rama Rao Govt has issued G.O.610.  G.O. 610 was issued 30th Dec 1985. It was not implement properly. Even public is not able to get G.O. 610 upto 2001.  For implementation of G.O.610, J.M.Girglani Committee was established on 25th June 2001. (this is a One man Committee)

Important points in J.M.Girglani Committee report  Many jobs were upgraded from district level to zonal and zonal level to state level  Local reservation are not applicable to state level jobs Govt his created zone 7 in Hyd  According to presidential order, there is no 7th zone.  According to presidential order, Gazzetted job were clearly defined. But the state govt increases Gazetted level for other jobs also  Hence, local reservation is not applicable to gazzetted jobs.  State govt. converted zonal level officers to state level officers. Therefore local reservation is not applicable. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 Many All India level development programs were converted inot state level programs and appointment were given at State level As a result of above steps, Telangana people were lost 40,870 jobs from 1975 to 1985 Committee Recommendations

 First Recommendation: New appointments of promotions must be considered only after adjusting the rules of regulations according to presidential orders.

 Second Recommendation: State employees should get training about the presidential orders  Establishment of permanent house committee for implementing presidential order 1985  Establishment of permanent cabinet committee for presidential order 1985  Establishment of permanent officers committee for presidential order 1975 According to this Committee report, following are the non-locals in 5th and 6th Zones

5th zone Non-locals 6th zone Non-locals Adilabad – 1602 Mahaboobnagar-798 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Karimnagar-642 R.R.-1171 Warangal – 848 HYD- 7309 Khammam- 119 Medak-573 Nalgonda – 1354 Nizambad – 9606 II) WATER ISSUES 1). Krishna Tribunal: This was established in 1969 Chairman: Justice Bachavath  This tribunal is also called as “Bachavath Tribunal”  This tribunal was given 1st Judgment in 1973  This judgment is allociated with Krishna water allocations to Maharastra Karnataka and combined A.P.  In this Judgment there are 2 Schemes 1) Scheme –A 2) Scheme –B 1) Scheme A is associated with net water 2) Scheme B is associated with Simplus Available water  Info related to Surplus water allocation was declared on 31st May 1976 Net Water Allocation 1) Maharastra - 560 TMC’s 2) Karnataka - 700 TMC’s www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

3) Combined A.P. - 800 TMC’s TOTAL 2060 TMC’s

Surplus water Allocations: 1) Maharastra - 25 TMC’s 2) Karnataka - 34 TMC’s 3) Combined A.P. - 11 TMC’s TOTAL - 70 TMC’s

1) Maharastra - 585 TMC’s 2) Karnataka - 734 TMC’s 3) Combined A.P. - 811 TMC’s TOTAL - 2130 TMC’s  According to Tribunal Judgment, these allocations are Valid upto 31st May 2000 277.86 TMC’s - Telangana Area 533.14TMC’s - Andhra & Rayalaseema (388.44TMC’s) (144.7 TMC’s)  Krishna Basin in Telangana is 70% water allocation is 277.86 TMC’s but Krishna Basin in Andhra & Rayalaseema is just 30% but water allocation is 533.14TMC’s.

Note: No. Revision was taken place after 2000 up to May 2003 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

2nd Tribunal: 2004  This Tribunal declared 1st Judgment on 31st Dec 2010  This Tribunal was estimated 65% of water resources in the river depending upon the reports of 47 years Allocations: 1) Maharastra - 666 TMC’s 2) Karnataka - 911TMC’s 3) Combined A.P. - 1005 TMC’s

With in A.P.: Andhra Area : 388.44 TMC’s - 48.56% Rayalaseema Area : 133.70 TMC’s - 16.76 % Telangana : 277.86 TMC’s - 34.73 % 800.00 TMC’s 100%

Irrigated Area in Krishna Basin in 3 Areas: Andhra Area : 3860 Sq.Miles - 13.11% Rayalaseema Area : 5414 Sq.Miles - 18.39 % Telangana : 20,169 Sq.Miles - 68 .50% 29,441 Sq.Miles With less Krishna basin in Andhra and Rayalaseema are receiving 65.32% of water and Telangana with large basin just receiving 34.73% water. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Bachavath Tribunal on Water  This tribunal was appointed on 10th April 1999. Members of this Tribunal 1) R.S. Bachavath: Chairman 2) D.M.Bandari 3) D.M.Sen  This tribunal was given its 1st Judgment on 1980  According to this judgment combined A.P. will get 1480 TMC’s and Maharastra and Karnataka will get 35 TMC’s  According to Godavari Basin in Telangana, 791 TMC‘s of water must and should be allocated to T.S. but in T.G. is benefiting with only 446 TMC’s. TS using following capacities of water under following projects.

Ichampalli Project- 350 TMC’s Nizamsagar Project- 58 TMC’s Devanur project- 3 8 TMC’s Total =446 TMC’s

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Explain the TS ENERGY POLICY to overcome the problem of shortage of electricity due division of AP I) Thermal Power Stations

Bhadradri Thermal is a proposed power plant project located near Edulla Bayyaram at in the Indian state of Telangana. Chief Minister of Telangana Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao laid down foundation stone for this project on 28-March-2015. The project started to help resolve the power crisis in Telangana. TS Govt is

www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] planning to make this plant operational within 3 years. Plant construction is by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.

Kakatiya is located near Chelpur village of Bhupalpalle district of the Indian state of Telangana. The power plant is one of the based power plants of TSGENCO. This power plant was developed in 2 stages. The first stage comprised one 500MW unit. Kakatiya TPP Unit-II has capacity 600MW.

Kothagudem Thermal Power Station is located at Paloncha in Telangana, India. The power plant has an installed capacity of 1,720 MW with 11 units in operation.[1] It is one of the coal based power plants of Telangana Power Generation Corporation Limited (TSGENCO) In January 2012, it was reported that the Andhra Pradesh government has decided to build additional unit with capacity of 800 MW.

Ramagundam B Super Thermal Power Plant is located at in Telangana. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of TSGENCO. Ramagundam B Thermal Power Station has an installed capacity of 62.5 MW (single unit). The unit was commissioned in October, 1971 with the financial assistance of U.S.A.I.D with the project cost of Rs 14.8 crores.

NTPC Ramagundam, a part of National Thermal Power Corporation, is a 2600 MW Power station situated at Ramagundam in in the Indian state of Telangana, India. It is the current largest power station in . It is the first ISO 14001 certified "Super Thermal Power Station" in India.

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The whole plant is divided into 3 stages, each stage being planned at one time. STAGE 1 (3×200 MW) This stage consists of three units (Unit-1, Unit-2, Unit-3) each with a generation capacity of 200 MW. The turbines for these three units were manufactured by The Ansaldo Energia Ltd. The construction began in the late 1970s and these units have performed well over a long period setting many records regarding maintenance and generation over the other two stages.BUT stage (1,2,3) cwp motors are manufactured by BHEL. and all motors are manufactured by Ansaldo. S-I coal mill motors are 240 KW and PA fans are 400 KW. All equipment is very important in plant.

STAGE 2 (3×500 MW) This stage again consists of three units (Unit-4, Unit-5, Unit-6) each with a generation capacity of 500MW. The turbines for these three units were manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).

Stage 3 (1×500 MW) This stage comprises only one unit (Unit - 7). This is a first of its kind in South India being a computer operated unit. A wide disparity may be seen between the control rooms of the other two stages and this computerised unit. To this day, many Power plant engineers train in this unit to upgrade themselves to this new mode of operation. This unit also has the tallest chimney in India (height: 275 metres). Generation distribution States As NTPC Ltd. is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU), the generation is almost uniformly distributed to 5–6 states all of them sharing about 20–25 percent of the Generation. The States include:

 Andhra Pradesh www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 Telangana   Karnataka  Maharashtra The Collieries Company Limited or SCCL is a government-owned coal mining company in India. One of the public sector undertakings, the company is jointly owned by the Telangana government (51 percent) and the Union Government (49 percent). The Union Government's administration of the company is through the Ministry of Coal. SCCL is currently operating 16 opencast and 32 underground mines in 4 districts of Telangana with a manpower around 62,805. Singareni collieries has established a thermal power plant of 1,200 MW (2 X 600 MW)in the town Jaipur of Bellampalli region in . There is a proposal to establish one more 600 MW unit at Jaipur power plant. COAL MINES PROVIDENT FUND regional office is located at Godavarikhani serving needs to 4 regions of Singareni colleries.

History In the year 1871, Dr. King of the Geological Survey of India discovered coal near Yellandu in and one of the important coal seams bore his name. He named upper seam of the coal as Queen seam and the lower lower as King seam. The Hyderabad (Deccan) Company Limited incorporated in England acquired mining rights in 1886 to exploit coal found in Yellandu area. The present Company was incorporated on 23rd December 1920 under the Hyderabad Companies Act as a public limited company with the name 'The Singareni Collieries Company Limited' (SCCL). It acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Hyderabad (Deccan) Co. Ltd. Best & Co., acted as Secretaries and Selling Agents. The State of Hyderabad purchased majority shares of the www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Company in 1945. From 1945 to 1949, the Hyderabad Construction Co., Ltd., was acting as Managing Agent. In 1949 this function was entrusted to Industrial Trust Fund by the then Government of Hyderabad. The controlling interest of the Company devolved on the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 pursuant to the reorganization of States. Thus, the SCCL became a Government Company under the Companies Act in 1956. It is named after the village Singareni in khammam district, Telangana where the coal mines are first noticed. The manner of extending financial assistance for expansion of SCCL by the Govt. of A.P., and the Govt. of India during V plan period was agreed upon in the Four party Agreement executed on 10 June 1974. Subsequently, the Govt. of India decided to control its equity directly in SCCL. Accordingly, agreement was concluded on 13 December 1977. The SCCL, the Government of A.P., the Government of India and Coal India Limited were parties to the agreement. These two agreements are popularly called quadripartite agreements. For financial and other assistance during VI, VII, VIII, IX & X Plan periods, separate agreements were executed on 31 March 1985, 10 February 1989, 24 September 1994, 11 January 2002, 19 October 2004 and 11 June 2010 between the Government of India, the Government of Andhra Pradesh and SCCL. These agreements are called tripartite agreements. The Company's accredited function is to explore and exploit the coal deposits in the Godavari valley coalfield, which is the only repository of coal in South India. Mining activities of SCCL are presently spread over four districts of Telangana Viz., "Komaram Bheem Asifabad district", Peddapalli district-Ramagundam, Khammam district and Jayashankar district. The studies of Geological Survey of India attribute as much as 22,016 million tonnes of coal reserves in the Godavari valley coalfield. The inventory covers up to a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and it includes reserves proved, indicated as well as inferred. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

The coal extracted by SCCL in the Godavari valley coalfield up to the year 2009-10 was about 929.11 million tonnes.

Awards and Recognition

[1]  "Golden Peacock Innovative Product/ Service Award 2015".  The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) received the Indira Gandhi Vriksha Mitra Award - 2004 for outstanding contributions made in the field of afforestation and waste land development on 5 June 2007, at New Delhi.  Environmental Excellence award for 2005-06 from Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institution (SRISTI), New Delhi.  Environmental excellence Award from Green Tech Foundation in 2005-06.  "Golden Peacock Innovation Management Award 2005" from the Institute of Directors, New Delhi.  "Golden Peacock Environment Management Award 2005" from World Environment Foundation, New Delhi.  "National Fly Ash Utilization Award 2005" jointly instituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Power and Science and Technology, Government of India.  The Second Best Corporate Film Award 2005 by Public Relations Society of India, Hyderabad for "Shramika Bandham" a telefilm.  Three of the fourteen "National Safety Awards (Mines)" instituted by the Directorate General of Mines Safety, Government of India in 2004 (pertaining to 2001).  "Best Workers Welfare Activity Award" for 2003-04 by the Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FAPCCI).  "Best Overall Performance Award" for 2002-03 by the Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FAPCCI).

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 "Best Management Award" for 2001-02 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.

Telangana Super Thermal Power Project(TSTPP) is located at Ramagundam in Telangana, India. The power plant is under construction with power capacity of 1600 MW (2x800 MW) in first phase and in total planned capacity of 4000 MW. It is the second the coal based power plant in the Ramagundam of National Thermal Power Corporation. The first power plant is NTPC Ramagundam with installed capacity of 2600 MW. Yadadri Thermal Power Plant is an upcoming project located at Dameracherla in of Telangana, India. M/s Telangana State Power Generation Corporation Limited (TSGENCO) has released contract on BHEL for Yadadri 5 x 800 MW Thermal Power Station situated near Veerlapalem Village, Dameracherla Mandal, Nalgonda district, Telangana. The scope of order includes Design, Supply, Erection and Commissioning of project on EPC basis. Project completion (Trial Operation) is proposed to be achieved within a period of 36 months for first two units and balance three units within 48 months from zero date of June 2015. This is considered to be the biggest order to be executed by maharatna company Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd BHEL. The project is reeling under Environmental concerns as of now and yet to get water allocation from nearby .

Installed Unit Date of Stage Capacity Status Number Commissioning (MW)

under Stage I 5 x 800 - up-coming construction

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II) Hydel

This is a list of hydroelectric power plants in Telangana.

Units S.No Secto Inst.capacit Project name Operator (MW . r y (MW) )

1x110, Nagarjuna

1 TSGENCO State 7x100. 814.6 Sagar Main PH 8

Nagarjuna

2 TSGENCO State 2x30 60 Sagar LCPH

Srisailam LBP

3 TSGENCO State 6x150 900 H

4 Pochampad PH TSGENCO State 4x9 36

5 Singur PH TSGENCO State 2x7.5 15

Nizam

6 TSGENCO State 2x5 10 Sagar PH

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Units S.No Secto Inst.capacit Project name Operator (MW . r y (MW) )

Dummugudem SLS Power 7 Mini Hydel Private 6x4 24 Corporation Power Project

Paleru Mini

8 TSGENCO State 2x1 2 Hydel

Peddapalli Mini

9 TSGENCO State 1x9.16 9.16 Hydels

Pulichintala

10 TSGENCO State 4x30 30

HEP

Lower Jurala

11 TSGENCO State 6x40 240

HEP

12 Jurala HEP TSGENCO State 6x39 234

Janapadu 13 Hydro Power JHPPPL Private 1x1 1 Project Pvt Ltd

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Units S.No Secto Inst.capacit Project name Operator (MW . r y (MW) )

Nagarjuna 1x1.33 14 NATL Private 4 Agro Tech Ltd 5

Saraswati Power 15 SPIL Private 2x1 2 Industries Pvt Ltd

Komaram Bheem Small DesignGrou 16 Private 1x3 3 Hydro Electric p Project

Total capacity (MW) 2385.76

III) Solar Below are list of all Solar power plants in Telangana.

1 Jurala Solar PV Plant TSGENCO State 1

2 Ramagundam Solar PV NTPC Central 10

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Total capacity (MW) 11

IV) Gas Power Generation Shankarampalli Gas based power generation station presently not working

The Telangana Solar Power Policy 2015

PREAMBLE In the last decade, due to increasing thrust of Governments across the world towards fuel conservation and clean energy, solar power capacity has increased by over 45 times and stands at about 184 GW in 2014. In India, capacity additions in solar power have been even more remarkable. In contrast to mere 10 MW in 2010, total solar capacity in India has grown to nearly 3000 MW in 2015. Growth rate in solar capacity has been accompanied by rapidly declining cost curves. Solar system costs have come down by nearly 70% in the past five years owing to technological advancements resulting in lower manufacturing and processing costs. In India, solar power prices discovered through competitive bidding have come down by more than 50% in the last four years. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Across the globe, about 7,200 gigawatts (GW) of capacity needs to be built to keep pace with increasing electricity demand while also replacing existing power plants due to retire by 2040. The strong growth of renewables in many countries raises their share in global power generation to one-third by 2040. Government of India (GoI) has set for itself an ambitious target of increasing solar capacity to 100 GW by 2022 and 200 GW by 2050. In order to achieve these targets, GoI is implementing a wide range of regulatory and policy interventions. It is estimated that utility-scale grid parity is expected to be achieved faster than originally estimated and solar power will start aggressively competing with conventional power by 2017 Telangana has a vast solar potential with average solar insolation of nearly 5.5 kWh/m2 for more 300 sunshine days. Government of Telangana (GoTS), intends to make use of the positive environment in solar market and push given by GoI for substantially harnessing the solar potential in the state of Telangana. This policy of GoTS on solar has provisions which aims at creating an enabling environment for prospective solar power developers to harness substantial quantum of solar power in the best possible manner. This in turn is expected to meet the objective of GoTS to provide competitive, reliable power supply to its consumers and also to ensure a sustainable fuel mix in the long run. TITLE The policy shall be known as “The Telangana Solar Power Policy 2015”. OBJECTIVES: www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

This solar policy has the following specific objectives: 1. Realize and harness the vast solar power potential of the State. 2. Contribute to long-term energy security of the state and promote a sustainable fuel mix in generation through higher contribution of solar energy. 3. To promote solar parks 4. To promote public as well as private investment in solar power generation 5. To promote decentralized and distributed generation 6. To promote grid connected and off-grid solar applications and effective energy conservation measures. 7. To promote all technologies of harnessing solar energy.

OPERATIVE PERIOD This policy shall come into operation with effect from the date of issue and shall remain applicable for a period of five (5) years. All Solar Projects that are commissioned during the operative period shall be eligible for the incentives declared under this policy, for a period of ten (10) years from the date of commissioning - unless otherwise the period is specifically mentioned APPLICABILITY OF THE POLICY

This solar policy shall be applicable for the following solar projects set up within the state- www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

1) Solar Power Projects (SPPs) a) Grid connected solar power projects based on both Photo Voltaic (PV) as well as Solar Thermal technologies

 Projects set up for sale of power to TSDISCOMS

 Projects set up for sale of power to third parties within the state b) Projects set-up for captive generation/ group captive generation (including those funded and owned by developers). 2) Solar Roof-top Projects (SRPs) (Grid connected and off grid) – This includes projects which are funded and owned by developers 3) Off grid applications 4) Any other project which is established based on MNRE/GOI Schemes as amended from time to time. 5) Solar parks For availing benefits under this policy, power generated from any of the above modes, has to be consumed within the state. Demand-side management through energy conservation is integral to energy security. Hence, this policy aims not only at promoting grid connected projects but also promoting off-grid solar projects/applications. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The Electricity Act 2003, as amended from time to time, mandates the State Electricity Regulatory Commission, to set tariffs for renewable energy as well as to issue regulations pertaining to renewable power www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] purchase obligation (RPPO), and set charges for wheeling, transmission and distribution of electricity.

SOLAR PARKS

The solar park is a concentrated zone of development of solar power projects, which provides developers, an area that is well characterized, properly infra-structured and where the risk of the projects can be minimized as well as the facilitation of the permitting process. Solar park implementing agency would be formed by State Government along with designated central agency and private sector participation or independently by private sector. The Solar park implementing agency will help facilitate in development of supporting infrastructure and facilities including power evacuation, water arrangements, internal roads and administrative facilities. These Solar Park(s) will host an array of players in the solar power sector including solar power plants, component manufacturers, R &D centres, training centres, and financial institutions. The State will extend all facilities and fiscal incentives provided by Central Government/ National Solar Mission to the manufacturers and other participants in Solar Parks. SOLAR ROOFTOP PROJECTS` The Government of Telangana is committed to promotion of solar rooftop systems on public buildings, domestic, commercial and industrial establishments. All incentives provided by the GOI/MNRE under the NSM or other schemes and

www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] incentives provided by state government from time to time shall be extended to grid connected SRPs as well as off grid SRPs. The following additional support shall be available to grid connected SRPs as per the capacity limit as defined by MNRE from time to time. The consumers are free to choose either net or gross meter option for sale of power to the DISCOMs under this policy. The tariff applicable for units generated under gross metering at 11 KV and below would be average cost of service of the DISCOM as determined by TSERC. The tariff applicable for units under net metering would be average pooled power purchase cost. Projects under both gross and net metering would be subject to monthly billing and settlement. No distribution losses/charges shall be applicable for SRPs. Consumer installing grid connected SRPs shall apply online with the respective TSDISCOM either on website/through designated customer service centres. All applications shall be processed and feasibility issued by the respective DISCOM. Such applications will be processed within 21 days from the date of application failing which it will be deemed to have been approved. The above facility of gross and net metering would be extended to SRPs for a period of 25 years. The project size at a single location would be subject to technical constraints. The modalities of implementing the above policy directives for SRPs, including metering, billing, settlement, payment(s) and technical aspects etc. would be made available on the TSSPDCL /TSNPDCL website. SOLAR PUMPSETS

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The State Government in collaboration with the Central Govt//MNRE/MOP/Multilateral agencies will undertake measures to enable gradual replacement of conventional pumpsets to solar powered pumpsets through subsidy support. The Nodal Agency will engage with various stake-holders for materializing subsidies, grants and/ or incentives on behalf of TSDISCOMS. The scheme of gross metering facility would be extended to project developers/ farmers for setting up solar powered pumpsets in the State. The modalities for implementing the solar powered pumpset program including commercial framework and technical aspects shall be issued by DISCOM within 30 days from the date of issue of this policy.

SOLAR OFF GRID APPLICATIONS

The State Government and the DISCOMS, through various awareness programs, shall actively encourage use of solar powered applications for both domestic, industrial as well as commercial purposes. The Nodal Agency shall work with DISCOMS to create an enabling framework with direct/indirect benefits for replacement of conventional applications with solar powered applications.

EASE OF BUSINESS – ENABLING PROVISIONS

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The State, in order to encourage solar based generation, has prepared the following measures for improving the ease of doing business. However the project developer has to ensure that the generation is within the time limit stipulated in the PPA or within a maximum period of 2 years from the date of application whichever is earlier, failing which the provisions under this policy automatically stands cancelled. The following provisions are for Solar Power Projects (SPP) and solar parks, wherever applicable

a) Facilitation of expeditious approvals through single window clearance

The Solar Policy Cell (SPC) will undertake single window clearance for all SPPs. A transaction charge of Rs. 10,000/MW shall be applicable for processing applications for single window clearance with a maximum of rupees two lakhs per project. The modalities of the single window clearance mechanism shall be notified within 30 days from the date of issue of this policy.

b) Deemed conversion to Non-agricultural land status It is the responsibility of the project developer to acquire land for solar project. Land acquired for grid-connected SPPs for sale to DISCOMs/ captive use/ third party sale or for Solar parks shall be deemed to be converted to Non-agricultural land status on payment of applicable conversion charges to the SPC and no further conversion procedures need to be followed by the developers in respect of such land. The conversion charges would be as per the Agricultural Land (Conversion

www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] for Nonagricultural Purposes) Act, 3 of 2006 amended from time to time.

c) Exemption from Land ceiling Act The ceiling limit as per the land ceiling act will not be applicable for any land acquisition for Solar Power Projects and Solar Parks. However, this exemption is available only against firm orders/ PPAs/ successful bids to the extent of land required. Land requirement would be computed at rate of 5 acres/ MW or any lower limit based on the advancement of technology.

d) Transmission and Distribution charges for wheeling of power

The wheeling and transmission charges are exempted for captive use within the state. They will be charged as applicable for third party sale. The transmission and distribution losses however is fully applicable for both third party within the state as well as captive use within the state.

e) Power scheduling and Energy Banking All SPPs shall be awarded must-run status that is injection from solar power projects shall be considered as deemed to be scheduled. Banking of 100% of energy shall be permitted for all Captive and Open Access/ Scheduled consumers during all 12 months of the year. Banking charges shall be adjusted in kind @ 2% of the energy delivered at the point of drawl. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

The banking year shall be from April to March. Banked units cannot be consumed/redeemed in the peak months (Feb to June) and in the peak hours (6 pm to 10 pm). The provisions on banking pertaining to drawal restrictions shall be reviewed based on the power supply position of the State. For captive/ third party sale, energy injected into the grid from date of synchronization to open access approval date will be considered as deemed energy banked. The unutilized banked energy shall be considered as deemed purchase by DISCOM(s) at average pooled power purchase cost as determined by TSERC for the year. For Sale to DISCOMS, Energy injected into the grid from date of synchronization to Commercial Operation Date (COD) will be purchased by the DISCOMS at the first year tariff of the project, as per the provisions of the PPA with DISCOMS. f) Electricity Duty Electricity duty shall be exempted for captive consumption, sale to DISCOMS and third party sale in respect of all SPPs set up within the state. Also, Electricity duty will be waived for the new manufacturing facilities and ancillaries of the Solar Power Projects. g) Cross subsidy Surcharge For SPP located within the state and selling power to third parties within the state, 100% exemption shall be provided on the cross subsidy surcharge as determined by TSERC for five years from the date of commissioning of the SPP. h) Bill settlement www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

In respect of SPPs selling power to the DISCOMS, settlement of energy shall be as per the PPA executed between the SPP and the DISCOM i) Grid Connectivity and Evacuation facility SPPs shall be evacuated at the appropriate voltage level at the interconnection point of TSTRANSCO or TSDISCOMS and evacuation up to the interconnection point shall be the sole responsibility of the SPP developer. The SPP shall conform to the order, rules, regulations and guidelines issued by the TSERC/SLDC/RLDC/ TSTRANSCO from time to time on all matters pertaining to operation and maintenance of the plant. The SPP developer shall bear the entire cost of transmission infrastructure till the interconnection point, however the following support shall be available to the SPP: 1) Supervision charges levied by the TSTRANSCO/DISCOMS shall be exempted 2) TSTRANSCO/DISCOMS shall process and close the proposals for technical feasibility within thirty (30) days of receipt of application from the SPP developer j) Payment of Development Charges and Layout fee and permission from Gram Panchayat Development charges and layout fee of INR 25,000 per acre basis shall be levied payable to the respective Panchayat. The land in fraction would be rounded to the next integer for calculating the development charges. On payment of such amount, the Gram Panchayat will accord necessary approvals for setting up of the Solar power project/ Solar parks including permission for bore wells. No further permission is required at the panchayat. For this purpose, a separate category will be 10 created under the Panchayat rules. Gram Panchayat will give www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] permission within 14 working days from the date of making payment of development charges failing which permission will be deemed to have been accorded. k) Refund of VAT 100% refund of VAT/SGST for all the inputs required for solar power projects will be provided by the Commercial Tax Department for a period of 5 years. l) Refund of Stamp Duty Industries Department will provide incentive in terms of 100% refund of Stamp Duty for land purchased for setting up solar power project and/or Solar parks. Registration charges are payable as per rules. m) Open Access Intra-state Open Access clearance for the tenure of the project will be granted as per TSERC regulations amended from time to time. In absence of any response or intimation from Solar Policy Cell (SPC) to the generator within twenty one (21) working days, then such application shall be deemed to have been given open access. n) PCB clearances SPPs using PV or solar thermal technology, being a part of green energy will be given required clearances under pollution control laws within a week by the TSPCB. o) Provisions under the Factories act The grid-connected SPPs setup for sale to DISCOMs/ captive use/ third party sale will be registered as factories (for the purpose of labour) under the factories act and the entire process shall be completed within a week.

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NODAL AGENCY The Nodal agency shall be responsible for availing subsidy for solar rooftop systems, solar pump sets, as per MNRE guidelines and shall co- ordinate with MNRE/Solar Policy Cell (SPC) of Discom. SOLAR POLICY CELL A dedicated Solar Policy Cell (SPC) shall be set up by TSDISCOMS under this policy for single window clearance of the solar power projects (SPP). The responsibilities include the following a. All clearances and approvals pertaining to DISCOMS and TSTRANSCO b. Obtaining power evacuation approval and/ or Open Access c. Other clearances and approvals such as panchayat/ municipality clearances, agricultural land conversion PROJECT MONITORING COMMITTEE A “High Level Committee” constituted with the following members will monitor the progress of implementation of the Solar Power projects cleared under the policy: 1. Secretary, Energy Department 2. Chairman and Managing Director, TSTRANSCO 3. CMD of TSSPDCL 4. CMD of TSNPDCL 5. VC& MD,TNREDCL / Director(Commercial)TSSPDCL ( Member- Convener)

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6. Representative of FAPTCCI/CII/FICCI (maximum of two members on rotating basis) 7. Representatives of Solar Power Developers (2 members) REVIEW State Govt. reserves the right to review as and when need arises in view of any technological breakthrough or to remove any inconsistency with Electricity Act 2003, as amended from time to time, rules and regulations made thereunder or any related policy of Govt. of India.

SAVING CLAUSE State government has the discretion and reserves its right to make changes in the policy. However, the incentives and exemptions provided under the policy for the projects commissioned before effecting of the change, shall remain as it is, for the operative period of the policy. POWER TO REMOVE DIFFICULTIES If any difficulty arises in giving effect to this policy, Energy Department is authorized to issue clarification as well as interpretation to such provisions, as may appear to be necessary for removing the difficulty either on its own motion or after hearing those parties who have represented for change in any provision.

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Explain any Important five Schemes in T.S.

1.Land Purchase Scheme: It is a 100% Subsidy. It was declared on 15th Aug 2014. It is no time bounded. Under this, SC. ST Women gets 3 acres of land. Under this collectors can collect land by spending 2-7 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] lakhs Acre. In 1st budget 2014-15 1000Cr was allocated to land purchase. In 2nd budget 2015-16 no amount was allocated

2. Kalyana Lakshmi Schem: This programme was started on 2nd Oct 2014. It is applicable to SC, ST girls, whose family income is less than 2 lakhs. Age must be more than 18 years at time of marriage. Financial assistance 51,000/- was given to girl at time of marriage.

3. Shaadi Mubarak Program: This programme was started on 2nd Oct, 2014. it is applicable to minority community girls. Financial assistance 51,000/- was given to girl at time of marriage. Beneficially should apply 1 month before marriage date.

4.Swacha Telanagana, Swacha HYD: This scheme was started on 16th may 2015, by KCR, governor Narasimhan and the central minister, Bandana Dathatraya. This scheme was started in Hitech city. For this programme state govt was allocated 200 Cr and NITI Aayog allocated 75 Cr.

5.Digital literacy (or) Telangana Digidhan: It was started on 27 Aug 2015 by Deputy Chairman of planning board S.Niranjan Reddy. This programme was implemented by T.S. Govt, National Association of

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Software Services Company (NASSCOM), and TITA (Telangana info Tech Assocation). It associated with spreading digital literacy in telangana. 2. Explain the development of co-operative sector in Telangana. Def: Co-operative society means a group of members, working together for the enhancement of their livelihood, under certain rules and regulations.  1st co-operative Credit Society Act 1904. It was passed under the recommendations of Edward Committee.  An act with non-credit co-operative activities was passed in 1912 ie Co-operative Act 1912.  Montegue – chems ford Reforms 1919: According to this, co- operative societies act formation transferred to states from center. As a result the first act was passed by Bombay state in 1925. ie Bombay Co-operative Societies Act-1925.  In 1932, Madras Co-operative Societies Act and Hyd Co-operative Societies Act were passed.  In 1964 – A.P. Co-operative Societies Act was introduced.  In 1984 – Multi State Co-operative Act was introduced.  1995 – A.P. Mutual Aided Societies Act (MACS) it was 1st introduced in A.P of India. In1991- Chowdary Brahma Prakash committee recommended the above Act. According to this Act, Societies can frame their own rules and regulations. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Co-operative Movement can be classified into 3 phases. They are: Phase - I (1900-1930) Phase –II (1930 -1950) Phase – III (1950-2004)

Phase –I 1904: Co-operative credit societies Act 1912: Co-operative societies Act 1915: Machlagan Committee (One co-operative society to each village) 1919: Mantengue Chemsford reforms: co-operative society Act shifted from centre to state 1925: Bombay co-operative Societies Act

Phase –II 1932: Madras Hyd Co-operative societies Act 1939: Vijaya Raghava Charry Committee 1949: Purushotham Das Tagore Committee

Phase –III 1963: Vikunthal Mehta Committee recommended National co-operative development co-operation (NCDC). NCDC – provides infrastructure to co-operative societies all over India

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1964: A.P. co-operative societies Act. 1970: A.P. backward co-operative finance corporation 1975: Hazare Committee: This Committee recommended single org. should give long-term loan 1984: Multi-State co-operative societies Act 1985: Mohan Kanda committee recommended single window system 1987: Single window s/m was introduced in Ananthapur, Guntur (Nizamabad – T.S. 1st dist) 1987: Ardanadewaran Committee: According to this committee co- operative societies must establish on the basis of occupations. 1991: Chowdari Brahma Prakash recommended self rules in co- operative societies 1995: A.P. mutally aided co-operative societies Act. 2004: Bhaydyanath Committee: It recommended restricting of primary Agriculture credit co-operative societies.

Note: Robert Owne is called “Father of World Co-operative moment Father of co-operative societies is V.Ramdas Panthulu Father of Indian co-operative societies is Nicssan

Before 1987: The credit is of two types. 1. Short term credit and 2. Long term credit

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Short –term & Medium term credit: it has 3 levels Level 1: A.P. State co-operative Bank Level 2. District Central Co-operative Bank Level 3. Primary Agriculture Credit Co-operative Societies (PACCS)

2. Long term credit it has 2 levels Level 1: State land Development Bank  SCARDBS (State Co- operative Agricultural Rural Development Banks) Level 2: Primary land Development Bank  PCARDB’S (Primary Co operative Agricultural Rural Development Banks)

After 1987 Single Window system was introduced on the basis of the recommendations of Mohan kanda Committee in 1987, According to Single window system, SCARDBS (State Co-operative Agricultural Rural Development Banks) were merged in to State Co-operative Bank and PCARDB’S (Primary Co operative Agricultural Rural Development Banks) were merged in to DCCB’s.

Types of credit 1. Short –term credit:

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If the period of the loan is less than 15 months then it is called short- term loan. Short term loans were used by the famous to purchase seeds, fertilizers pesticides, Agri Machinery and to pay wages to labourers. Short term loan are also known as “Crop loans”

2. Medium term loans:

If the duration of loan is 2-5 years, then it is called medium term loan. These loans were used by farmers for the improve of Agriculture lands.

3. Long term loans:

If the loan period is up to 20 years – 25 years, then it is called long term loans. These loans were used by farmers to purchase the new agri lands and for buying tractors.

Co-operative societies:

1). Integrated co-operative Development Project (ICDP): It was started in 1989. It was established to provide infrastructure facilities to co-operative system.

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2) State Co-operative Union: It provides education and training to co- operative society members.

3) Institute of co-operative Management, Hyd in Rajendranagar: it provides training to co-operative employees under state co-operative union. It has one more branch at Warangal

4) Rural Electricity Supply co-operative society (RESCO’S): In T.S, we have “Siricilla RESCO” in sirisilla rajanna district

5).Hyd Agricultural co-operative association Ltd (HACA): it estd in 1943, It supplies consumer goods and Seeds. At present it is a part of Seed Bowl scheme of T.S.

6). Consumer co-operative Societies: This societies supply text books, note books at very low prices.

7). Co-operative Tribunals: cooperative tribunals were established in 1993 in HYD and Vijayawada and in 2003 in Warangal and Vishakhapatnam.

8). State Co-operative Housing Federation: it was established in 1968. This will construct the houses in co-operative system.

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9) TSCO/APCO: AP handloom weaving co-operative society estd in 1976. It was established to promote the use of domestic garmets

10). TS/AP Mark Fed: - State level and District level

From 1987 onwards, due to single window system MARKFED is extending the services through PACCS of primary level and village level. It will supply the fertilizers to co-operative societies and essential commodities to govt hostels and private industries.

11). AP/TS Co-operative irrigation corporation: It is construct check dams, lift irrigation projects, open wells / bore wells. It was established in Hyderabad. State Horticulture Dept declared it as a nodal agency for establishment of farm ponds in horticulture fields.

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Explain the inclusive growth policy of TS.

1. Development of Scheduled castes in T.S. According to 2011 census, SC population in state is 54,32,680 (15.44% - in T.S) In Rural Area : 75.40% In Urban Area : 24.60%

Literacy in SC population Literacy in SC male 68.04% Literacy in SC Female 49.90% www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Programme / schemes related to SC’s 1) Integrated welfare hostel completed (IWHC)  34 IWHC’s in T.S  Each IWHC provides shelter to 400 students  Project cost 1.684 Cr 2) Ananda Nilayas  There are 33 Anada nilayas in T.S.  They provide shelters for orphans and children of poor people who are working in Sanitation activities

3) Ambedkar Overseas Education Fund: - Under this scheme, 10 lakh amount was given to SC students who went to study higher education in foreign countries.

4) Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institution Society: This society is running 134 schools and providing education from 5th class to 12th class. Out of 134, schools are having own building and 88 buildings are allocated to girls.

5) SC-ST Schedule Caste Sub Plan: Bellampally, Manakonduru, Allampur are SC-constituencies in T.G. In these 3 places, govt is going to Establish new school buildings www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

6) Schedule Caste co-operative Fiancé Corporation Ltd.: It was established for social and economic benefits for SC’s. In 2014-15, 1096 Cr was allocated for benefiting 29,030 SC’s

II )Development of Scheduled Tribes in T.S:

According to 2011 census No of ST’s in T.S: 32,86,928

TRIBAL WELFARE SCHEMES: 1) Komaram Bheem statue and S.T. Museum at Jodekhat village 2) For year 2014-15, 200 Cr were allocated to ST welfare educational institutions. 3) PESA Act (Panchayat Extension to scheduled Areas Act) in T.S. We have 78 scheduled area Mandals with 690 village Panchayats 4) Telangana State co-operative Finance Corporation: Under this, Govt was able to benefit 25,765 ST’s for period of 2014-15 5) Reorganization for Forest Rights Act – 2006.  According to this Act ST’s are allocated to use forest products from forest lands .  95,002 members were allowed to collect forest products from 8,09,059 Acres. 6) 1/70 Act (ST land Alienation)

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 1, 05,590 Acres land related to 31,188 land Alienation issues were settled 7) Girijan co-operative Corporation Ltd  It was established for social and economic development of girijans belonging to Agency Areas.  Under this org, Girijan welfare Hostels were established and also established following units 1) Honey processing units, Kamareddy 2) Soaps production unit in Nirmal 3) Turmeric powder unit was established in Eturu Nagaram 4) Shampoo Manufacturing unit was established in Kundavagu

III )Development of Backward castes  There are 112 Backward communities in Telangana  490 backward community hostels in Telangana  Out of 490 hostels, 362 are govt buildings Backward classes co-operative finance corporation Ltd: It is implementing Rajiv Abyudana Yojana Scheme for BC’s IV )Development of Minorities :  In order to enhance the minority welfare, Academy was established  Facilitation centre – at Dargah Hajarat Khaja moinuddin chisti Gajib Nawazat Ajmer, Rajasthan www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 State Minorities Corporation limited. For the development of youth belonging to minorities 20Cr was allocated for the year 2014-15

V) Women and Children Welfare:  According to Indian constitution men and women have equal rights  For the benefit of women and children, integrated child development scheme was introduced. This scheme is considering 0-6 years child and pregnant and lactating mothers New schemes  T.S. society for protection and empowerment of women was registered on 25th Nov 2014 to protect woman and girls.  Women helpline # 181. This helpline is careful for 24/7 this helpline provide essential services to women.  SHE TAXI Program : Under this 35% subsidy is given by the State govt to purchase taxies  Anganwadi Centers: It is benefiting 5,66,917 women and 19,05,385 Children Salary of Anganwadi worker increases from 4200/- to 7000/- and for Anganwadi Assistants 2500/- to 4500/-  Aarogya Lakhsmi (Full meal supply to locality women) Started on 1st Jan 2015 It is benfiting 5,66,917 women with 105.86 Cr www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

VI) Welfare of the Handicapped: According to Handicapped Act 1996 the govt should provide Educational Employment facilities, training of Rehabilitation to handicapped SADARAE (Software for Assement of disabled Acess for Rehabilitation and Empowerment). This software is useful for identifying the degree of Handicrapedness

Write a note on Telangana Forest policy.

TS is occupied 12th position in area wise in India. Forest area of T.S is 1,14,865 Sq.kms. Reserve Forests is 21,024 Sq.kms. Unclassified Forest is 750 Sq, km. Telangana Haritha Hosam:  It was started on 3rd July 2015 by KCR at Chevella Chikuri Balaji temple  325 Cr was allocated to this scheme in the budget Srisailam – Nagarjuna Sagar Tiger Forest was divided between AP and Telangana T.S. 60% No. Of Tigers A.P. 40% No. of Tigers

Tiger Forest Area in Telangana is 2016 Sq.Km Aarunachal Pradesh : 1,807 Sq.Km www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Maharastra : 1,699 Sq.Km : 1,340 Sq.Km Chattisgadh : 1,258 Sq.Km

Explan the Telangana Housing Policy.

It is based on 3 schemes. They are: 1. Double bedroom Houses scheme for poor For the period 2015-16 budget, state govt on 2nd Sep 2015 decided to construct 60,000 double bedroom houses.  Cost for each house is Rural Area: 5.40 lakhs  Central Govt Funds: 305Cr  HUDCO (Housing and Urban development corporation Ltd) loans : 3900 Cr

2. Prime Minister Awas Yojana (Housing for all)

Prime Minister Awas Yojana: Central Urban Development Dept decided to construct 2 Cr houses in Urban Area by investing 2 lakh Crs all over India. Under Phase-I, 9 states were selected. They are: 1) Telanagana  34 towns of cities were selected 2) Orissa  42 3) Rajasthan  40 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

4) Madhya Pradesh  74 5) Kerala  15 6)  15 7) Jammu & Kashmir  19 8) Gujrat  30 9) Chettisgadh  36

3. AMRUT: it is an urban transformation programme. It was introduced in 11 cities in Telangana. They are:

1). Greater HYD 2) Warangal 3) NZB 4) Karimnagar 5) Khammam 6) 7) Mahabubad 8) Nalgonda 9) Adilabad 10) 11) Miryalguda

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Introduction Land reform usually refers to redistribution of land from the rich to the poor. More broadly, it includes regulation of ownership, operation, leasing, sales, and inheritance of land (indeed, the redistribution of land itself requires legal changes). In an agrarian economy like India with great scarcity, and an unequal distribution, of land, coupled with a large mass of the rural population below the poverty line, there are compelling economic and political arguments for land reform. Not surprisingly, it received top priority on the policy agenda at the time of Independence. In the decades following independence India passed a significant body of land reform legislation. The 1949 Constitution left the adoption and implementation of land and tenancy reforms to state governments. This www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] led to a lot of variation in the implementation of these reforms across states and over time, a fact that has been utilized in empirical studies trying to understand the causes and effects of land reform. In this essay, we will briefly discuss the economic and political arguments in favour of land reform, and review the Indian evidence on the effects of land reform on agricultural productivity and poverty, and economic and political determinants of the speed and intensity of implementation of land reforms. The main objectives of the Land Reforms: These are as follows:

 To make redistribution of Land to make a socialistic pattern of society. Such an effort will reduce the inequalities in ownership of land.  To ensure land ceiling and take away the surplus land to be distributed among the small and marginal farmers.  To legitimize tenancy with the ceiling limit.  To register all the tenancy with the village Panchayats.  To establish relation between tenancy and ceiling.  To remove rural poverty.  Proliferating socialist development to lessen social inequality  Empowerment of women in the traditionally male driven society.  To increase productivity of agriculture.  To see that everyone can have a right on a piece of land.  Protection of tribal by not allowing outsiders to take their land. Land reform legislation in categorized in to four main sections that include abolition of intermediaries who were rent collectors under the pre-Independence land revenue system, tenancy regulation that attempts to improve the contractual terms faced by tenants, including crop shares and security of tenure, a ceiling on landholdings with a view www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] to redistributing surplus land to the landless and lastly, attempts to consolidate disparate landholdings.

Abolition of intermediaries is generally established to be effective land reforms that has been relatively successful. The record in terms of the other components is mixed and varies across states and over time. Landowners naturally resisted the implementation of these reforms by directly using their political influence and also by using various methods of evasion and coercion, which included registering their own land under names of different relatives to bypass the ceiling, and shuffling tenants around different plots of land, so that they would not acquire incumbency rights as stipulated in the tenancy law. The success of land reform was driven by the political will of particular state administrations, the prominent achievers being the left-wing administrations in Kerala and West Bengal. Tenancy Systems: At the time of independence, there existed many types of proprietary land tenures in the country. 1. Ryotwari: It was started in Madras since 1772 and was later extended to other states. Under this system, the responsibility of paying land revenue to the Government was of the cultivator himself and there was no intermediary between him and the state. The Ryot had full right regarding sale, transfer and leasing of land and could not be evicted from the land as long as he pays the land revenue. But the settlement of land revenue under Ryotwari system was done on temporary basis and was periodic after 20, 30 or 40 years. It was extended to Bombay Presidency.

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2.Mahalwari: This system was initiated by William Bentinck in Agra and Oudh and was later extended to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. Under this system, the village communities held the village lands commonly and it was joint responsibility of these communities to make payments of the land revenue. The land ownership is held as joint ownership with the village body. The land can be cultivated by tenants who can pay cash / kind / share. 3.zamindari: Lord Cornwallis gave birth to Zamindari system in India. He introduced this system for the first time in 1793 in West Bengal and was later adopted in other states as well. Under this system, the land was held by a person who was responsible for the payment of land revenue. They could obtain the land mostly free of charge from the government during the British rule and it is called estate. Landlords never cultivated the land they owned and rented them out to the cultivators. The amount of land revenue may either be fixed once one for all when it was called permanent settlement or settlement with regard to land revenue may only be temporary and may, therefore, be revised after every 30-40 years, as the practice may be. The Zamindari system is known as absentee landlordism. Under this system the whole village was under one landlord. The persons interested can work in the zamindar's land as tenant / labourer based on the agreement with the zamindar. The jamindari system was known to be more exploitive, as the zaminder used to fix / hike the prices of land according to his desire. 4.Jagirdari: It is similar to Jamindari system. The jagirdar is powered to control the unproductive masses of village by engaging them in agricultural activities. In hyd state, area under of Jagirs is 40,000 Sq miles in 6535 villages

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5. Inamdari: Inamdari lands are donated lands. This system was prevailed in Andhra and Telangana. In Hyd state, there are 82,000 Inamdars and they have ownership of 8 lakh acres.

Because land is controlled by state in India and the relationship between production and land tenure varies from state to state, the national policy recommendations resulted in differing tenancy reform laws in each state. Tenancy is completely banned in some states but completely free in others. Punjab and Haryana have not forbidden tenancy whereas Karnataka has a near complete ban on tenancy. Some states have discussed ownership rights on tenant cultivators except for sharecroppers, whereas West Bengal chose to provide owner-like rights only to the sharecroppers. Tenancy reforms may have indirect effects in the form of reduced tenancy shares if poorly implemented. Most tenancy reform laws also contained provisions concerning the ability of tenants to surrender the land back to the landlord voluntarily. These provisions were used by landlords to wane the impact of the laws. In most states the surrender of land falls under the jurisdiction of the revenue authorities.

1. Abolition of Intermediaries

The abolition of intermediaries in all forms that covered around more than 40 percent of total land area started in 1948 with the enactment of legislation in Madras. Later on, other states followed the suit. The abolition brought large section farmers into direct relationship with www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Government i.e. the tillers were made the owners of land they cultivated and were responsible to pay land revenue to the Government. The landless agricultural laborers were also given land from the cultivable waste-land and forest land. The intermediaries were compensated by the Government. In 1949, Hyd Agricultural Reforms committee was suggested for removed of Jhagirdars. According to the recommendations of above committee, removal of Jagirdari system Act was introduced. This act is effective from 15th Aug 1949. Inamdari removal act was passed in 1955 in Telangana and implemented in Andhra in 1956. Under this system, lands were distributed in the ratio 2:1 between owners and cultivators Critical Appraisal

(i) Long delay in Passing Legislations and its Implementation The delay occurred in passing the bill for zamindar abolition which gave zamindar and other elite class enough time to circumvent the legal requirements of handing over land to peasants. The implementation also suffered as zamindar adopted delay tactics in handing over documents that declare their land-holdings.

(ii) Existence of Loopholes The big land owners misuse certain provision in enactment to their favor. For instance the land could be evicted and taken back by zamindar for “personal cultivation”. The term personal cultivation is defined very loosely. In this manner, zamindars were able to hold large piece of land in their family where cultivation was done by hired agriculture labor. In fact, this led to the new rural capitalist class in the rural economy and brought back the absentee land-lordism

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(iii) Manipulations by Zamindar The large scale manipulations in the form of repurchase of land by fair or foul means from the peasants were very common. The abolition of intermediaries thus suffered from various snags and gave rise to absentee landlordism on the large scale and exploitation of landless laborers persisted in the rural India. 2. Tenancy Reforms

Tenancy cultivation is quite common in rural India whereby the land is cultivated by small farmers and share crop with owners as payment of rent for using land. There are two types of tenants prevalent: i) occupancy or permanent tenant’s (shakmidars) ii) tenants-at-will or temporary tenants (asamishakmidars). Occupancy tenants enjoy permanent right of cultivation which is heritable i.e. transferred to the next generation. Tenants- at-will can be ejected from the land at any time at will of landlords. These peasants are subject to insecurity and exploitation in terms of huge rent. The legislative and administrative measures were taken by the Government to provide security tenants and regulated the rent payable by them. Tenancy reforms included the following measures:

(i) Rent Ceiling: The maximum rent payable by the tenant has been fixed. According to this, Rent was fixed to 20-25% of dry lands and 25- 20% for wet lands. West Bengal govt was given Ownership rights to Tenancy Farmers. According to Lukkaraju Subba Rao Committee, A.P. Tenancy Act, 1956 was passed in Andhra State. According to this Act, agreement must be in written Rent 30% for wet lands and 25% for Dry lands. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

(ii) Tenure Security: Shikmidars :- These are the cultivators of a particular land who cultivated it for more than 12 years. In 1937 Bhancucha Committee was appointed. On basis of this committee recommendations, Asami Shikmidar Act was introduced in 1944. According to this Act, the cultivation period was reduced from 12 to 6 years to become shakmidars from asamishakmidars. Now the security of tilling of land is provided whereby the tenants now cannot be ejected at will except for self- cultivation provided the rent is paid.

(iii) Conferring Ownership Rights to Peasants: The legislative changes have been made to provide for conferment of ownership rights on all the cultivating farmers on the payment of specified amount to the landlords. Critical Appraisal Tenancy reforms progressed in a large number of states though with varied degree of success with quite a number of peasants and landless laborers were given ownership rights. However, the reform process suffered from ineffective implementations of enormous legislations due to the following reasons:

(i) Misuse of Exemptions and Escape Clauses: In the legislation escape clauses were provided that were misused by big land-owners. For example land-owners resorted to ejection of tenants on the pretext of self-cultivation. In fact, tenancy-at-will with no formal contract was increased. The term self-cultivation was defined very loosely. In this www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] manner the owners were able to resume a substantial part of the land. These owners don’t cultivate land but informally lease it out on the basis of sharing of crop. The cultivators under these informal leases are under constant threat of ejection.

(ii) Fictitious surrender of land by tenants to landowners’: Land- owners on paper showed that the tenants have been voluntarily given up right on the land in favor of landowners.

(iii) Lack of Information and Economic Support among Poor Tenants: The policy required the payment of specified amount to the owners to obtain ownership rights but the cultivators lack resources to acquire land from owners.

(iv) Non-Availability of Updated records of Land-Ownership: also created problems in proper implementation of land reforms.

(v) Lack of Political will to rigorously implement Tenancy Reforms: As large politicians were big land owners so the slow progress of reforms was in their self-interest.

(vi) Higher Rent: The efforts were made to fix rent rather than to reduce rents. In many places rents were fixed at a level already prevailing or fixed traditionally.

Thus the implementation of tenancy reforms left much to be desired. The land favored well-off land lords and created greater insecurity of tenure in the form of informal leasing of land. The resource constraint of the tenants also prevented the large transfers of land in their favor. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

3. Reorganization of Land Holdings Reorganization of land-holding involves changing the land-size of cultivators so as to make it a viable economic unit. This will help to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices. The reorganization of land is undertaken through the following measures:

(i) Ceiling on Land Holdings: The legislative enactments were adopted that fixed the maximum size of the land a person or a family can own. The land over and above the ceiling is declared surplus which is redistributed to the small, marginal and landless farmers. The wide differences exist in the legislative enactments from state to state in terms of ceiling limit, exemptions and distributive policies. Since the inception of ceiling laws Government fixes targets for possession and distribution of surplus land. However, the actual possession and distribution fail to meet these targets. The implementation of the ceiling laws has been very tardy. In the recent years some state Governments have given relaxation in the ceiling laws to the industry and big farmers. With regard to AP, there are two types of land ceiling Act 1) 1961 land ceiling Act 2) 1973 land ceiling Act

1. Land Ceiling Act, 1961 According to this Act, wet lands were classified into 5 types of Dry lands to 3 categories

Wet Lands Dry Lands Min Max Min Max A 6 27 F 36 162 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

B 8 36 G 48 216 C 10 45 H 72 324 Acres D 12 54 E 24 108 Acres

This Act was failed in implementation. Therefore new ceiling Act was introduced in 1973. 2) 1973 land ceiling Act This new Act Become effective from 1st Jan 1975 in A.P. According to this New Act, a 5 member family is considered as a Standard family . According to New Act wet land into 6 types Dry land into 5 types Wet Two Crop One crop Wet Two Crop One crop Per Annum Per Annum Per Annum Per Annum A 10 Acres 15 Acres G -- 35 Acres B 12 Acres 18 Acres H -- 40 C 13.5 Acres 20 Acres I -- 45 D 15 22.5 J -- 50 E 16.5 25 K -- 54 Acres The land over and above the ceiling is declared surplus which is redistributed to the small, marginal and landless farmers. Exceptions to the land ceiling Act 1973:

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 Lands belongs to Temples, Religious Trust, Educational Institutions are excepted  Lands belongs to Cultivation of Tea, Rubber, Coffee, plantation were excepted  Lands belongs to public sector enterprises were exempted  Land belongs to large Irrigation purpose were exempted  Land belongs to Central, State Govt and local Govt are exempted  Land belongs to co-operative faming land is exempted  Land belongs to Bhudhan Movement are also exempted  Land belong to Research institutions are also exempted  Lands belong to Bank and Electricity projects were exempted Land distribution:- Excess land over land ceiling Act received by Govt are called Surplus lands. Govt of A.P. is decided to distribute surplus lands to the landless poor people. In AP land was distribution 7 times. 1st time: 2005-MBNR -1,26,000 Acres – Kodengal 2nd time: 2005 -MDK – 1,69,000 Acres – Byathol 3rd time: 2005 –ANTR -1,12,000 Acres – Nallemala 4th time: 2008-Chittoor – 1,67,000 Acres – Thirupathi 5th time: 2010 = MBNR- 1,06,000 Acres - Shadnagar 6th time: 2012 – ANTR – 83,000 Acres –Putthaparthi 7th time: 2013-HYD -1,24,000 Acres – HYD Urban Land Ceiling Act : 1976 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Urban Land Ceiling Act was introduced on 1976 in A.P. and national level. This urban land ceiling Act was removed at National level in 1999 and in A.P. level 2007. According to Urban ceiling Act, diff towns were fixed land ceilings as follows. Class A - 500 SqKm (near to City)

Class B - 1000 Sq.Km Class C - 1500 Sq.Km Class D - 2000 Sq.Km AP Tennants and Ryothi Protection Act-1979 This act was received assent by Governor (State) on 6th March 1979 and by President of India on 19th March 1979. To protect Tenants and to provide the ownership rights to  Tenants to give powers to tenants to determine the amount of Tenancy  To increase the agricultural productivity by transferring the specific lands to tenants from the cultivation (actual tiller becomes the owner of the Soil)  In fact this act was introduced to provide financial support to the tillers and to increase the agricultural production Konenu Kangakau Committee-2004 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

This Committee was appointed on 4th Dec 2004. It submitted its on 28th Dec 2006. This committee submitted 104 suggestions; regarding 12 Depts and state Govt accepted 74 suggestions.

Imp Recommendations:  This committee recommended declaration of scheduled Area, if ST.population is more than 50% in the areas.  Oral evidence is imp than written evidence in case of ST’s  Appointment of young officers to ST- areas.  Top official regarding the land issues is the Joint collectors he has review the cases for every 15 days  The surplus land should be distributed within 3 months of the date of acquisition According to Ranga Rao Committee following is the Criteria for poor people. People have land less than 1 Acre wet land or 2 Acres dry land are called poor.  The Govt should provide permanent Status to Temporary Tenancing in Telangana.  This committee recommended the surplus lands near to urban area shouldn’t allocate for Agricultural activities.

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 This Committee also recommended cancellation of the min amount for registration to issue the pass-books  This committee also recommended clearing 50% to 75% of cases at village level only.  According to Barucha Committee, (Ranga Rao)12 years Tenancy period reduced to 6 years. This committee recommending 6 to 3 years  This committee also recommended continuation of the computerization of land records which started in 1988-89 NOTE: 1.Jyothi Ghosh Committee – 2004.This Committee was appointed on agricultural issues of Tenant farmers. 2. Rama Chenna Reddy Committee – 2004.This committee was appointed on Former suicides in A.P. 3. Koneru Ranga Rao committee -2004. This committee was appointed on distribution of Surplus lands

(ii) Consolidation of Land-Holdings: Small and scattered land-holding were consolidated into compact economic holdings. The small-sized fragmented and scattered with a person/family land at different places were identified and equivalent of consolidated land were given at one place. The programmed was initially started on voluntary basis but later on made compulsory. The important factors that cause sub-division and fragmentation of land-holdings are:

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(a) Pressure of population: The acute growth in the population in the rural causes increasing pressure on the land. Every individual desires a share in the land thus the land gets sub-divided.

(b) Law of inheritance: The Indian inheritance law especially Hindu and Muslim law of succession give equal right of share to all children in the inheritance which led to sub-division and fragmentation of land.

(c) Rural indebt ness: Farmers in rural India are largely dependent upon local money lenders who charges huge interest and very often the land is mortgaged to raise loan. In the event of non-payment of loans the part of land has to be sold off. This led to sub-division of land-holdings. Consequences of Sub-Division (a) Wastage of Capacity: The small and fragmented holdings sometimes make it impossible to use for cultivation and so the land capacity is wasted due to uneconomic size.

(b) Higher Cost: The cost of production per unit of land on small-size farm increases. Further, the old techniques are used on such farms that further aggravate the cost of production.

(c) Lack of Modernization or land Improvement Techniques: The mechanized method of cultivation like electric pumps thrashers tractors etc or modern irrigation system cannot be adopted due to limited scale.

(d) Loss of Acreage: The large quality of cultivable land is lost due to boundaries and fencing. The litigation due to disputes on these issues further results into wastage of land.

Critical Appraisal www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

The reorganization of land aims at bringing reduction in the inequalities of land-ownership in rural areas. The data on the land- holding however suggest that the position is far from satisfactory and the concentration of land-holding in the hands of few is a general phenomenon in villages. The factors behind slow progress in the reorganization process are as follows:

(i) Social Causes: Farmers are found to be attached emotionally to their land and so are unwilling to participate in the consolidation process.

(ii) Impractical: Land quality differs at different places and so it is difficult practically to allot equivalent land to farmers at one place for scattered land.

(iii) Lack of Updated Records and Incompetent Administrative Staff: The consolidation process requires the complete knowledge of land and its quality but due to lack of record it becomes difficult to implement it.

(iv) Corruption: The dishonest administrators helped the big land owners to make fake transfers and evade ceiling laws. Further, the waste, barren or low-quality land was declared as surplus land that could not be cultivated.

(v) Long Delays and Litigation: The time-gap between the announcement of the policy and enactment of laws also enable to make fictitious transfers and sales of land to evade ceiling laws. The legal cases were filed in the courts in this regard. Thus the big chunk of potential surplus land was lost as the legal battles dragged for years.

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(vi) Lack of Political Will: The ceiling laws lack proper political backing due to excessive big farmer’s pressure on the political parties.

Suggested Measures

1. Strengthening of Legal Framework: The loopholes in the existing laws should be plugged. There should not be any scope of conflicting interpretations. The provisions should be made for speedy settlements of disputes. The laws should provide for easy registration of all the transactions connected with land, including tenancy agreement.

2. Computerization of Land Records: Lack of proper land records is an important cause of slow progress of land reforms in India. The administrative set-up must ensure updated and timely compilation of land records. Computerization can help to improve efficiency and preservation of data on land. This information is useful to determine surpluses of land, distribution of the surplus of land, profile of land ownership, resolving of land disputes.

(Note: 1). CLR was 1st started in Ranga Reddy in T.G 2) CLR was not implemented in Nizambad, HYD because NZB land records are already modified under “Bhoo Bharti Scheme and hyd is a non agri district. 4. R.R. - Telangana 5. Singham - Jharkhand 6. Morana - U.P. 7. Mayur Bunj - Oddise 8. Sonipur - Assam www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

9. Gandhinagar - Gujarat 10. Wardha - M.H. 11. Dungapur - Rajasthan)

3. Greater Awareness and support: The beneficiaries of land reforms namely, small farmers, being illiterate and resource-poor lack the awareness of the schemes and procedures on land reforms. The awareness programme at the grass-root level has to be initiated. The financial support should be provided to landless cultivators so as to acquire ownership rights on land.

4. Motivated Administrative Personnel: The efficient and devoted personnel are the prerequisite for an effective implementation of legislations. The time-bound targets on computerization, distribution of land can be started to improve accountability of personnel.

5. People’s Participation: It is important that the people interested in land reforms are associated with their implementation. It helps to improves administration’s accountability. NGO’s may take up the grievance of the farmers and pursue the court cases on behalf of farmers.

6. Strong Political Will: The political leaders should commit to the speedy land reforms across all states. The mass awakening among cultivators for these reforms can be initiated by them.

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7. Prevent Re-emergence of Informal Tenancy: Quick surveys for recording of tenants should be conducted to prevent the coercive transfer of land by cultivators.

Conclusion

A degree of success has been achieved in certain regions and states, especially with regard to issues such as the abolition of intermediaries, protection to tenants, rationalization of tenure systems, and the imposition of ceilings on landholdings. However, a number of problems remain far from resolved. The studies indicate that inequalities have increased, rather than decreased. The number of landless laborers has risen, while the wealthiest 10 percent of the population monopolizes more land now than in 1951. Vested interests of the elite landowners and their powerful connection with the political-bureaucratic system have blocked meaningful land reforms and their implementation. Loopholes in land tenure legislation have facilitated the evasion of some of the provisions in land ceiling reforms by large landholders.

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Write a note on Mission Bhagiratha

The Mission Bhagiratha (earlier known as Telangana Drinking Water Supply Project) was launched with the objective to provide safe, adequate, sustainable and treated drinking water for the entire rural and urban areas of the State. The project is envisaged to bring down disease burden, a causative factor for consuming contaminated water and improve health standards by providing safe drinking water.

All existing water supply schemes and ongoing drinking water projects in rural and urban areas are integrated and upgraded with the Mission Bhagiratha, with the ultimate objective of providing drinking water of 100 Litres per Capita per Day (LPCD) in rural areas, 135 LPCD to all Municipalities and 150 LPCD to all Municipal Corporations. 10% of water in all the reservoirs is reserved for drinking water purpose and also committed to fi rst charge for drinking water. Necessary water drawl permissions are also accorded.

Salient features of the Mission Bhagiratha

• Telangana Drinking Water Supply Corporation is set up under the Chairmanship of Hon’ble Chief Minister for overseeing the implementation and maintenance of the Project. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

• The Mission Bhagiratha is divided into 26 main segments covering geographical area of 1.11 lakh Sq.km.

• The Project contemplates to draw about 42.67 TMC of water from rivers Krishna and Godavari.

• The Project is designed in coherence with the nature and topography of the Telangana State thereby 98% of transmission and distribution systems function by gravity.

• Total length of pipelines, in this project is 1.44 lakh kms which includes construction of new pipeline of one lakh kms.

• State Government has also brought in Right of User in Land (ROU) Act for giving rights to the RWS & S department, for laying the pipelines, without acquiring land.

• About 1175 habitations are covered by the project till December’ 2016.

• Bulk supply to all the habitations is targeted for completion by 2017.

Write a note on Mission Kakatiya.

Tanks have been the lifeline of Telangana owing to the state’s geographical terrain. There are about 46,531 tanks and water bodies spread across the State, including 5000 chain-link tanks. Though tanks are mainly used for irrigation purposes, they are also used for fi sh culture, as common grazing land, as a source of clay for pottery, etc. In short, tanks are the core of the rural ecosystem.

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The Mission Kakatiya programme envisages repairing and rejuvenating 9,300 minor irrigation tanks every year. About 8,165 tanks were taken up under Mission Kakatiya Phase-I and works have started on 8,059 tanks and are nearing completion. In the second phase, the government has given administrative sanction for 9,113 tanks. Work was started on 8806 tanks and 1,536 tanks were completed. The remaining works will be completed by June 2017. The Mission Kakatiya Phase-III works are scheduled to be launched from January 2017. It is proposed to take up all the feeder channels for repairs and rejuvenation in Phase-III along with construction of some water tanks.

An evaluation study was made to assess the impact of Mission Kakatiya on improving the ground water resources in the State. About 80 tanks in Over Exploited (OE) Basins of erstwhile district were selected for the Study. The department established 446 observation wells in 80 tanks’ ayacut influence zone tank areas. The study reveals that the impact of Mission Kakatiya is seen in the rise of ground water levels in the OE areas.

A comparison has been made of the rise in water levels for the two good rain fall (RF) years, i.e., 2013 and 2016. During 2013, cumulative rainfall of 1000 mm was received through which an average water column of 9.57 m was built up to October 2013 (i.e., during the period) in nine pilot basin areas. Whereas during 2016 with good rainfall and Mission Kakatiya activity, the average build-up of water column has been found to be 12.12 m up to October 2016 during the monsoon period). It indicates that an additional water column of 2.55 m is due to the impact of Mission Kakatiya.

On an average it is also observed that in Nalgonda and Rangareddy districts impact was not found, due to defi cit rainfall. The basin-wise impact is shown through water level zoning maps of May 2013 to October 2013 and May 2016 to October 2016. The areas with lowground-water levels in the range of 10–20 m range reached a range of 5–10 m range during October 2013 www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] whereas areas with the same range of water level (5–10 m) in May 2016 reached a water level range of 2–5 m in October 2016.

What is the ICT Policy Framework 2016? Explain it important features.

Although Telangana is emerging as an important global IT destination due to its geographical location, infrastructure facilities and available talent pool, there is a need to drive its IT industry to the cutting-edge areas by creating a conducive policy framework and to make IT a catalyst for improving living standards of people. In these directions, Government of Telangana identifi ed 10 focus areas related to IT investments and rolled out a policy framework towards this end. The policy aims at doubling the exports from the present Rs.75,070 crore to Rs.1,20,000 crore and to create 10 lakh additional jobs in the IT sector by 2020.

Objectives of the ICT Policy 2016

1. Providing congenial industry-friendly climate for IT companies to locate, grow and sustain their operations most competitively in a hassle-free environment in the state 2. Creating new skill-development initiatives and employment opportunities for the educated youth of all sections of society across all regions 3. Achieving higher levels of export turnover resulting in enhanced productivity and augmentation of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) 4. Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship within the state 5. Spreading IT to Tier 2 locations in the state and 6. Leveraging information technology as a tool for the socio-economic development of the region.

Incentives Offered to IT Industry www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

The following are a few incentives offered to the IT industry under the ICT Policy, 2016:

● Reimbursement of stamp duty, transfer duty and registration fee, patent fi ling costs/copyright/ trade mark, quality certification and exhibition stall rental cost etc.

● Allotment of government land

● Lease rental subsidy refund

● Subsidy in power supply

10 focus areas of the ICT Policy is presented below:

1. Expansion of IT / ITES Units It is aimed to make Hyderabad the national leader in terms of IT exports and employment. Even while encouraging all existing IT/ITES companies to expand, the policy offers various incentives for new companies to establish their units in the state, especially in Tier-2 cities like Warangal, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, etc. Incentives initiated include construction of IT parks, creation of world-class infrastructure, investment approvals as per the provisions of TS-iPASS, special incentives to set up units at Tier-2 cities, etc.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in IT are significant players in the IT services. There are about 500 IT companies in the SME category that collectively employ over 70 per cent of the total IT professionals.

Additional incentives are being offered to boost the SME sector in the state, such as: (i) construction of IT towers in Gachibowli/ Madhapur/ Nanakramguda exclusively for SMEs, which can be used as front offices for client interactions and brand building, and www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

(ii) creation of Specialised Financial Instruments to meet the credit needs of the SME sector in collaboration with national and international investment banks, financial institutions and private equity funds.

2. Electronics Manufacturing

The policy provides a roadmap for making Hyderabad a global hub for electronics manufacturing by providing a strategic impetus to the electronic hardware and design industry. The policy provides for infrastructure support, preparing a larger pool of skilled workforce, offering a supportive policy environment, and providing a competitive tax and fi scal regime. The state is setting up two EMCs (Electronic Manufacturing Clusters), spread over 600 acres and 310 acres at e-City and Maheshwaram Science Park, respectively. An LED park of 120 acres is being built exclusively for LED assembly and manufacturing. This park will be home to many of the LED manufacturers in Hyderabad.

3. Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship through T-Hub

T-Hub is India’s largest incubator for startups and a unique public- private partnership between the government of Telangana, IIIT- Hyderabad, ISB and NALSAR, and other private sector players. T-Hub is not just an incubator which supports startups through their journey, it is a startup which is creating a startup ecosystem in Hyderabad to make the city the startup capital of India.

After achieving a phenomenal success in the establishment of T-Hub Phase-I, Government of Telangana has embarked on a plan to develop T-Hub Phase-II in 3 acres of land with a total built-up space of 3,50,000 sqft, providing IT incubation space for 4,000 IT entrepreneurs /professionals. T-Hub Phase-II will be operational by 2018. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Key achievements of the T-Hub are listed below:

● 711 entrepreneurs are working in T-Hub under 200 startups.

● T- Hub has conducted 92 events/ workshops and reached 2995 entrepreneurs.

● T-Hub has inked partnerships with 15 venture capital funds, 7 angel networks, 25 seed funds, 30 incubators and accelerators

● T-Hub has forged multiple partnerships with key stakeholders in ten countries including USA, UK, Germany and Singapore.

● Startups have grabbed several millions in investment: Banyan Nation (USD 8 lakh), Flat pebble (Rs. 4 crore), V-deliver (Rs. 2.5 crore), etc.

● Major corporate companies like Microsoft, Google, Amazon, HP, Cisco, IBM, Yes Bank and others have been working with several startups by entering into MoUs/Partnerships with T-Hub.

4. Skilling through TASK

The Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK) has been established as a non-profit organisation to enhance the synergy between Government, academia and industry with an objective to enhance the employability quotient of the youth in the state and to provide quality human resources and services to the industry. As of date, about 61,769 students have been trained through TASK, and of whom 3,200 students were placed in employment. About 2,000 faculty were also skilled though TASK initiatives in the state. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Innovating Interventions in Skill Development by TASK

The Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK) has several innovative interventions for skill development. Some of them include:

(i) Professors of Practice: Professors of Practice help to impart training to undergraduate students that improves soft skills that would impact the students personal and organisational skills. Training students through the new skilling process designed by TASK is a critical component for the students’ success and therefore the role that POPs (Professors of Practice) play in this process is of utmost importance. A Professor of Practice is a distinguished professional from industry (e.g., IT / ITES, banking, financial, services, insurance, retail, healthcare, automobile, aviation, pharmaceuticals, government services) either practicing or retired.

(ii) Enhancing the Employability Quotient: Effective pedagogy incorporates an array of teaching strategies that promote the wellbeing of students, improves students’ confidence and thus enable the students to perform better in interviews. The amount of experience and their exposure to the corporate industry would help in enhancing the Employability Quotient of the student, which is the core value of TASK.

(iii) Finishing Schools: With a view to meet the shortage of skilled human resource requirements of corporates, TASK has taken up the initiative to conceive and roll out Finishing School Pilots for students who have completed their graduation and are currently unemployed, with an objective of enhancing their Employability Quotient. This programme is held for 10–12 weeks, wherein the skilling sessions on technical, organisational and personal skill modules are delivered through instructor-led training, e-learning and self-study labs. These sessions offer industry relevant learning content, which helps the students in enhancing the success rate for getting through a job interview and selection process. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

(iv) Technical Skilling: In collaborationwith technology organisations like Oracle, CDAC, SAP, Samsung, IBM, Infosys, CISCO, Salesforce, BIL, CallHealth, ERAU, Pratt & Whitney, etc., TASK is conducting training programmes to meet their manpower requirements.

(v) The Technology Entrepreneurship Programme (TEP) is a unique initiative of TASK for talented undergraduate students in their third year of graduation to educate and promote technology and entrepreneurship in engineering colleges. Most of the students are not in a position to get the technical help from their colleges and hence the TEP helps the students make their prototypes more marketable.

(vi) MOUs Signed by TASK: TASK has signed Memorandums of Understanding with pharmaceutical, banking, fi nance, manufacturing and aerospace industries in order to create employment opportunities for the youth of Telangana.

• Oracle and TASK have signed a partnership agreement to offer the Oracle Academy curriculum to engineering colleges in the state

• The partnership between TASK and Internshala will provide access to internship and online training portal where students can fi nd an internship in their fi eld of interest.

• TASK has signed MoUs with Salesforce Academic Alliance Program and Salesforce Developer Relations to provide valuable salesforce skills for students and faculty members over the next two years

• Call Health and TASK have signed a partnership to provide livelihood opportunities for unemployed youth in Telangana. The plan is to train youth as paramedical and entry-level officers in the healthcare sector over the next few years.

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• Along with this, TASK has also signed MOUs with small and medium- size enterprises.

5. Procurement of IT Products and Services by the Government:

The state government is encouraging all government departments to use technology-driven solutions for improving governance, for improving the internal effi ciency, or to contribute to better delivery of citizen services. For this purpose, the IT department of the State Government is liaising with large IT companies, SMEs, start-ups and entrepreneurs. The Government of Telangana is implementing various e-governance projects like Mee-Seva, Simple File Tracking System, e-Governance Summit, e-Governance Awards, Mobile based Monitoring System, e- Offi ce, Online G.O., and maintenance of government website (www.telangana.gov.in) etc. Some of the important e-governance projects include: (i) State Service Delivery Gateway, (ii) (ii) e-District Mission Mode Project, (iii) (iii) Government Order Register (GOIR), (iv) (iv) KM-ATOM, a fi le tracking system for districts, (v) (v) e-Offi ce Project, (vi) (vi) Telangana Portal, (vii) (vii) e-Procurement, etc.

RTA M-Wallet App: First of its kind in India

As part of good governance initiatives, Government of Telangana rolled out a fi rst of its kind ‘RTA M-Wallet App’ which will help citizen reducing burden of carrying vehicle-related documents. Every driver/rider can store the official documents issued by the Transport department like driving license, registration certificate, insurance certificate, permit, and fitness etc., for a hassle-free, paper-free ride experience. The app derives the data from the centralised database of transport department and update the services on real time basis. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Salient Features of ‘RTA M-Wallet’ App: • It is a digital wallet for all vehicle related documents (driving licence, registration certifi cate, insurance certifi cate, permit, fi tness etc.). • RTA M-Wallet can be downloaded on Android and IOS platforms. • It allows auto-fetch the documents with just a single click, if associated with your mobile number. • Login from any mobile to access your documents. • A simple and effi cient single-screen display for all your vehicle related documents. • Citizen-friendly options to add multiple vehicles owned by same person and fetch documents. • The documents once downloaded will be saved permanently and are handy for further use.

6. New Initiatives:

High levels of creativity and innovation are the hallmark of the global IT landscape today. In order to make the state a frontrunner in embracing all these new and emerging technologies, the following areas have been identified as potential sectors and special focus is given to these areas.

(i) Photonics Valley Corporation

Photonics science includes the generation, emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing of light. The Government of Telangana has decided to lead the next computing revolution in terms of facilitating the exploration of ‘Photonics’ technology as the alternative computing paradigm. As the world is probing this new direction in view of the exigencies of the continuing transformation of existing chip technology, the Government of Telangana believes in the dominant opinion that photonics offers the way forward. In this pursuit, it launched the ‘Photonics Valley Corporation’ as a non-profi t company and extended www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] the mandate for facilitating the evolution of the technology through a comprehensive ecosystem. It is expected to boost the manufacture of electronics and semiconductors.

(ii) GAME City – Gaming, Animation, Media and Entertainment

The global gaming and animation market is expected to grow to USD 240 billion in the coming two to three years and a significant portion of this work is outsourced to India. The Government of Telangana has identified AVCG (Animation, VFX, Comics and Gaming) as one of the key growth drivers in terms of investments and employment. Hyderabad has a large presence of animation, VFX, comics and gaming companies. Over 75 companies, including VFX Studios, 2D, 3D animation and gaming companies are based in Hyderabad, employing over 30,000 professionals. In view of the large potential in this sector, the Government of Telangana, in association with STPI, has developed a state-of-the-art incubation facility “IMAGE” in the heart of the IT district. This incubation facility is specially designed to support startups and SMEs working in the gaming, animation, multimedia, and entertainment industry. The state unleashed efforts to create dedicated infrastructure for the sector in the form of the “GAME City”.

(iii) Smart Technologies

The Government of India has launched Smart Cities and AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) scheme covering 100 smart cities and 500 towns respectively. Although smart cities have various components like smart planning, smart governance, smart citizens, etc., smart technologies form its backbone. These technologies aid the city management in developing intelligent traffic systems, waste management, relief and rescue operations, energy conservation, and improving citizen involvement.

While many technologies are already in use of the world over, most of these technologies have the potential to be utilised in Indian cities www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] following suitable modifications. Further, there is always scope for developing tailor-made smart technologies for India.

(iv) Data Analytics

The Government of Telangana has taken initiatives to promote and invest in Data Analytics. Data Analytics or Big Data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. Apart from search, storage, transfer, visualisation and privacy of data, challenges also include capturing and processing of data using predictive analysis methods to extract value. To facilitate research and product development in this area, the Government of Telangana proposes to develop a Data Analytics cluster. Anchor companies, world- class universities, SMEs, and startups will be incentivised to participate in the cluster. Companies operating from Telangana will also be encouraged to take up Data Analytics assignments for various government departments. The Government has come out with a separate policy on Data Analytics.

(v) Data Centres

The government aims to transform the city of Hyderabad into a global data centre hub. Hyderabad offers a multitude of advantages which favour data centre development. Hyderabad already has a thriving data centre ecosystem, including one of India’s few Tier 4 data centres. A number of global players have data centres hosted here due to proximity to a 1 GBPS data line. On the geographic location front, Hyderabad is located in one of the least seismically active zones and is far away from the coast, thereby having low susceptibility to other natural hazards. Government has offered various incentives to data centres through a sectoral policy.

(vi) Open Data

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Various arms of the government are involved in collection, generation and updating of data on multiple issues using public funds. Such data should be readily available for citizens’ consumption. Although individual departments share data for use by civil society and the private sector, there is a need for an open data policy that enables proactive data sharing by every department. This will not only result in greater transparency, but also help the government in better decision-making. To achieve this objective, the Government of Telangana has brought out a sectoral policy on Open Data.

(vii) Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT) is a seamless connected network system of embedded objects / devices, with identifiers, in which communication without any human intervention is possible using standard and interoperable communication protocols. IoT can also be defined as interplay for the software, telecom and electronic hardware industry and promises to offer tremendous opportunities for many industries. The Government of Telangana is investing in IoT to develop connected, secure and smart systems for the state’s economic, societal, environmental and global needs.

(viii) Cyber Security

Cyberspace is vulnerable to wide variety of incidents, whether intentional or accidental, manmade or natural, and the data exchanged in the cyberspace can be exploited for nefarious purposes by both states and non state actors. With increasing amount of classified data that is used for various purposes, large corporations and companies face huge threats from activities such as hacking and phishing. In this direction, State Government has launched a comprehensive Cyber Security Policy.

(ix) Digital Telangana

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In line with the ‘Digital India’ of the Government of India and the Telangana Government has planned for a very Vambitious Digital Telangana programme, with two pivots, one each representing the supply and the demand side. On the supply side, the main aim is to ensure that digital facilities become available to each and every person in the state. This is being made possible through (i) optical fi ber connection to each household through using the water grid trenches, and (ii) providing 4G services in the entire state in collaboration with various telecom operators. Similarly, on the demand side, the intention is to make each and every person digitally literate, aware and empowered so that he/she can make best use of the digital facilities that are being made available right at his/her doorstep. The strategies for this include: (i) the Digital Literacy Programme aimed at making at least one member of every household digitally literate in the next five years and (ii) the School Computer Literacy Programme targeted to teach the basics of computers to every child from Class 6 onwards.

7. T-Fibre

Telangana Fibre Grid (T-Fibre) is a novel initiative, where the trenches dug for Mission Bhagiratha (Water Grid) to supply drinking water, would be utilised to lay fi bre-optic cables. T-Fibre digital infrastructure shall provide active and passive networks to all 83.58 lakh households in the entire state of Telangana.

(i) E-Governance & M-Governance

Mee-Seva is the electronic service delivery platform of the Government of Telangana that acts as an integrated and collaborative window for many government departments to serve the citizens with strict timelines of delivery of services. It involves the central pooling of all records, digitally signing, storing them in the database, rendering them using a web-service with effi cient and real-time MIS reports (soft and hard copies) to the departments. This has resulted in improved effi ciency in service delivery, higher citizen satisfaction, increased transparency and www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] accountability to the government. Telangana currently has 4,168 citizen service centres spread far and wide that are locally called Mee-Seva centres. These centres provide various G2C services and utility payment services through an online platform. Presently about 490 services covering 34 departments are being elivered through these centers to the citizens and about 90,000 to 1 lakh

8. Mee-Seva

The objective of Mee-seva is to provide smart, citizen-centric, ethical, effi cient and effective governance facilitated by technology. The initiative involves universal and non-discriminatory delivery of all government services to citizens and businessmen of all strata, and improved effi ciency, transparency and accountability for the government. The project brings in a digital PKI-enabled integrated architecture through multiple service delivery points by fusing the various pre-existing state initiatives with the mission-mode projects like State Data Centre (SDC), State Wide Area Network (SWAN) and Common Service Centres (CSCs) of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) of the Government of India.

9. Promotions

The IT Policy Framework proposes to promote investment into the state by sustained promotions by: (i) international and domestic roadshows, (ii) participation in international and domestic trade shows and

(iii) hosting major international and domestic events in Hyderabad so that the advantages of the state are showcased more vividly and more contextually.

10. Enhanced Quality of Living

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While IT builds world-class infrastructure and creating an accommodating regulatory environment for companies investing in the state, the government also realizes that people and local talent are equally important for propelling the growth of the economy. Therefore, the state government is constantly working towards further improving the quality of life for its citizens.

Developing Tier-2, Tier-3 Cities and Rural Areas

With Hyderabad as a role model, other cities in the state of Telangana, i.e., Warangal, Karimnagar, Khammam and Nizamabad, are being developed as Tier-2 IT hubs. The Telangana Government is aggressively promoting the expansion of the IT industry to Tier-2 cities. Warangal, the second-largest city in Telangana after Hyderabad, is endowed with the right infrastructure, educational institutions, human resources and physical and fibre connectivity, among others. The government has already effected some key initiatives for the city of Warangal with the aim to make it another IT destination in Telangana. The Government of Telangana, as a matter of policy, is encouraging IT/ITES companies to consider Tier-2 locations for setting up and expanding their units. The government will further incentivise these companies by providing additional benefits. The following outcomes were achieved in the last year:

● IT Incubation Tower inaugurated in Warangal

● Cyient Technology Development Centre commenced operations in Warangal

● MoU with Eclat Health Solutions to set up KPO in Karimnagar

The state government is also promoting the concept of Rural Technology Centres through a special package of incentives for IT/BPO companies desiring to set up their operations in villages and Mandals. The objective of the government is to create balanced socio-economic www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] development and take the benefi ts of technology to the common man. However, since the penetration of information technology in rural areas is still in a nascent stage in the country, setting up and operating a business comes with its own risks. The Government of Telangana has come up with a comprehensive set of incentives that mitigate the risks associated with this business through the Policy on Rural echnology Centres 2016. The state government is offering various incentives for the promotion of rural technology centres.

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Explain the recent developments in tourism sector in Telangana.

Tourism Sector

Tourism has become an important sector for economic growth and employment generation. With increased income levels, peoples’ ability to enjoy various types of tourism is on rise. However, the growth of the toursim sector in the state is highly dependent on tourism amenities. Therefore, the government has a critical role to play in developing basic infrastructure. At present most of the tourists arrival in the state is confined to Hyderabad, the state capital, and some piligrim centres. In order to expose the unexplored eco-tourism spots, four tourism circuits are being developed in the state.

1. Eco-tourism Circuit in Nagarkarnool district:

Eco-tourism is environmentally responsible travel and visits to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature in a way that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations. The Eco-tourism Circuit proposed in Nagarkarnool district is on these lines.

1 Somasila Riverside Development: it is a Religious & Eco-tourism spot. Somasila reservoir has a nique ecosystem – freshwater from the rivers, many unique species of aquatic life, water birds and animals live in and alongside the backwaters. A highly revered Someshwara Swamy shrine is on the banks of this reservoir, attracting millions of tourists round the year. Among the wild green trees and shrubs, Kollapur samasthan is a large area spanning most of the Nallamala forest area on the banks of river Krishna. About 9 km from Kollapur village, there exists an ancient temple of Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy in Singotam

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2 AkkaMahadevi Caves: it is a Eco-tourism spot. Amazing caves that can be reached by boat, traversing through picturesque green hills covered by dense foliage, Crimson coloured craggy cliffs on the hills provide stark contrast to the green hills, making the ride more delightful.

3. Uma Maheshwaram Temple: it is a Religious/Eco-tourism spot. It dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple is located in the picturesque Nallamala forest range. Known as Poor Man’s Ooti, this stretch hardly has any sunlight, thus maintaining the temperature below normal year round.

4 Mannanur Eco-tourism: Mannanur is a dry deciduous mixed forest, part of the Amrabad Tiger Reserve, located along the river Krishna which cuts through a picturesque gorge of the Nallamala hills with deep valleys on sides. The sanctuary with a wide area of 2166 sq km is home to Spotted Deer, Wild Boar, Indian Giant Squirrel, Tree Shrew, Rayel, Mugger Crocodiles, Wild Dogs, Jackals, Wolves, Panthers and Tigers, etc.

5 Farahabad Eco-tourism: Farahabad, which literally means ‘Mount Pleasant’, is a holiday destination, encompassing cottages to attract tourists to the destination. A special attraction has been created by the forest department to view the beauty of the tiger reserve and the forest from a point on the ridge of a hill.

6 Mallela Theertham: It is a Waterfalls Eco-tourism. MallelaTheertham is a fantastic waterfall located in the midst of Nallamalla Forest, 8 km along a diversion from the Hyderabad–Srisailam interstate highway. This natural waterfall can be reached by a walk of 350 stairs.

7 Srisailam: It is a Religious Tourism spot. It Located on the ancient sacred hill of Srigiri, in the Nallamalai range of Andhra Pradesh (at the border of Telangana State), is the exotic temple of Srisailam. The temple complex, dating back to the 2nd century AD, is one of the twelve Jyotir

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Linga Shiva shrines as well as one of the eighteen most sacred goddess shrines, or Shakti Pithas.

2. Tribal & Eco-tourism Circuit in Adilabad, Nirmal and Kumarambheem-Asifabad Districts: The Tribal and eco-tourism circuit in Adilabad, Nirmal and Kumarambheem-Asifabad districts opens the rich and ancient tribal culture, heritage and environment of the district for tourism and uplifts the livelihood of the local tribes by providing both direct and indirect employment. The destinations identified for development as part of the proposed Tribal and Eco- tourism Circuit are:

1) Dichpally – Abutting the national highway

2) Shyamgadh Fort – Gateway to the circuit

3) Koratikal Waterfalls – Beautiful falls adjacent to the national highway

4) Kuntala Waterfalls– State’s highest waterfalls

5) Gayatri Waterfalls – Serene falls untouched by human intervention

6) Utnoor – Showcase of precious tribal culture

7) Sapthagundala – Soothing falls blended with robust tribal practices and rituals

8) Jodeghat– Rich tribal heritage amidst lush landscape

9) Dokra Metal Craft Cluster – Unique art forms

10) Mysterious Caves – A host of ethnic religious rituals and rites

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The proposed circuit is a splendid journey through serene forests and landscapes, heritage-rich tribal hamlets, magnificent forts and caves, unique craft communities and mesmerising waterfalls combined with stays in tribal hamlets, shopping for locally made crafts and tasting authentic food of the tribals. This proposed tribal and eco theme-based circuit would provide a complete tribal experience to both domestic (including low budget) tourists and foreign tourists.

3. Tribal Circuit in Jayashankar-Bhoopalpally district

The Tribal Circuit is being developed in connecting Mulugu– Laknavaram–Medaram–Tadvai–Damarvai– Mallur–Bogatha in Telangana State, known for eco-tourism, wildlife, pilgrimages and tribal culture in the region. The region is blessed with a soothing river, beautiful lakes, dense forests, a wildlife sanctuary, tribal culture, pilgrimage, heritage structures and architectural monuments, a fi ne blend of new and old.

The list of destinations under the tribal circuit in Jayashankar- Bhoopalpally:

1 Mulugu Tribal & Ecotourism: Gattamma temple, with local tribal goddess Gattamma as presiding deity, is a famous destination in the region. The rituals in the temple are unique and people from across the state and neighbouring states come here to offer prayers and take blessings of the goddess. It is a local custom that even the vehicles passing by stop outside the temple to offer prayers and take her blessings. All visitors to Sammakka and Sarralamma Jatara also visit this temple during Jatara period. The famous Ramappa Temple (being considered to be short listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site) is located 15 km from Mulugu and attracts thousands of tourists from across the globe.

2 Laknavaram Lake Front: it is a Tribal & Ecotourism spot. This beautiful lake is about 65 km from the Warangal district headquarters. A www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] sprawling lake surrounded by a chain of beautiful green hillocks, serene waters with seven lush green islands dotting the expansive waters and a hanging bridge, it attracts large number of tourists round the year. A 160 m long hanging bridge is the special attraction at the destination.

3 Medaram: it is a Tribal & Ecotourism spot. A popular religious congregation or Jatara called “Samakka Saralamma Jatara” takes place for three days biennially in this village. There are many myths about the miraculous powers of the goddesses Samakka and Saralamma who belong to tribes. As per the local belief, these tribal women vigorously fought with Kakatiya kings for the welfare of tribes and sacrificed their lives. In remembrance of their sacrifice, the tribes worship them till today. One of the unique features of the Jatara is, neither idol worship nor vedic and brahmanic influence. Two wooden poles and a container of vermilion (Kumkuma Barini) are worshipped as symbols of the goddesses.

4 Tadvai Tribal, Wildlife Sanctuary & Ecotourism: Tadvai, also known as Sammakka Saralamma Tadvai, is a tribal village. It is known for its wildlife sanctuary. In view of the wildlife significance of this region, the State Forest Department has developed a unique project called “Vanajeevan” (Tadvai Huts Complex), a forest resort tucked away deep in the reserve forest area, providing an excellent experience to nature- loving tourists.

5 Damarvai Tribal & Ecotourism: Megalithic burial structures are located at Damaravai village, which is about 15 km from Tadvai. These burials stand as testimony to the existence of pre-historic man here 10,000 years ago. These are unique structures – a single chamber of megalithic construction, consisting of two or more structures supporting a huge horizontal capstone.

6. Mallur Pilgrim Tourism & Ecotourism: Mallur is located at a distance of 5 km from Eturnagaram. “Chintamani Jalapatham”, a natural spring runs through the dense forest, is very important in this region. Local www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] tribals believe that the water of this spring, passing beneath the trees roots of the dense forest, possesses various medicinal qualities and is an excellent remedy for skin diseases. A few megalithic burial structures are found on the hilltop near Mallur and located in proximity to tribal habitat.

7. Bogatha Tribal & Ecotourism: Bogatha waterfalls are located in Bogatha village near Vazedu, hammam district. Surrounded by dense forest, hills, streams and tribal hamlets nearby, the spot has excellent connectivity to Warangal. These beautiful waterfalls, with water fl owing throughout the year, are located at a distance of 18 km from Mallur. It is known locally as the Niagara Falls of Telangana.

4. Hyderabad Heritage Circuit

The Hyderabad Heritage Circuit is being developed connecting four monuments, viz., QutbShahi Heritage Park, Paigah Tombs, Hayat Bakshi Begum Mosque, and Raymond’s Tomb. These sites highlight the fascinating and mixed cultural landscape of Hyderabad, and the building skills and craftsmanship encouraged by its rulers.

Qutb Shahi Heritage Park:

The Qutb Shahi Heritage Park, located close to famous Golkonda Fort in Hyderabad, is spread across 108 acres with 75 monuments. The park contains tombs and mosques constructed by various rulers of during 16th – 17th centuries making it a unique necropolis in India.

Conservation and Landscape Restoration of Qutb Shahi Heritage Park

Conservation works on structures at the Qutb Shahi Heritage Park hav been undertaken on all 75 structures. Conservation works will be coupled with landscape restoration of the garden setting of the tombs as www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] well as building of tourist infrastructure with grant received from the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and co-funded by the Tata Trust on ten of the larger structures. In three years nearly 20 monuments have been conserved, including the Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, Tomb of Sultan Jamshed Quli Qutb Shah, Tomb of Muhammed Qutb Quli Shah and the Badi Baoli. Conservation works are being implemented by master craftsmen – stone carvers, masons, plasterers, carpenters – under the supervision of a multi-disciplinary team of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. It is expected that the conservation and landscape works will require almost one million man-days of work by craftsmen. Traditional materials such as lime mortar, granite stone are being used for the conservation work and these are being prepared with traditional tools and building crafts. After the completion of the project, number of tourists will rise significantly from the present 100,000 tourists annually. Hyderabad will also be provided with a significant archaeological park of international significance. Already, moves are afoot to nominate the site for UNESCO World Heritage Status.

Paigah Tombs

• It is the resting place of the Paigahs, a noble family of the Nizam’s court

• Two-acre site with 200-year-old tombs made of lime mortar with beautiful incised plaster work and lattice screens

• Located 4km southeast of

Hayat Bakshi Begum Mosque:

• Magnificent mosque and sarai complex spread over 4 acres with an intricately carved step well adjacent to the site

• Located along the Vijayawada Highway, it served as a place for traders and travellers to stop and rest, during the QutbShahi reign. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Raymond’s Tomb

• Built by the Nizam, in the memory of Monsieur Raymond, a French general in the Nizam’s army, said to have setup the Nizams gun foundry.

• The tomb is set atop a hill on a 7-acre site, at a distance of 4 km from Paigah tombs. The site offers a panoramic view of the entire city.

Tourism has huge potential for employment generation and economic growth. Recognizing the importance of Tourism in Telangana, the Government has embarked on various initiatives to build tourism infrastructure in the State. The proposed four tourism circuits namely, eco-tourism circuit in , Tribal and eco-tourism circuit covering Adilabad, Nirmal and kumaram bheem-Asifabad districts, Medaram Tribal circuit in Jayashankar-Bhoopalpally district and Hyderabad heritage circuit, will showcase the tourist destinations in the State. These circuits will not only make Telangana an attractive destination for tourism but also offer value for money for the tourists.

Telangana, especially city of Hyderabad is becoming the epicenter for medical, education, and business tourism. Availability of advanced medical technology and reputed educational institutions are attracting tourists from all over the world. Hyderabad city remains as most cost- effective city for advanced medical treatment in the world. The world class infrastructure is attracting the business world to organize their events in the city due to existence of world class infrastructure.

Hyderabad has high potential for becoming world-class high education destination. There exist world class institutions and eco-system in the State. However, in order to realize these potentials, there is a need to give special focus. However, tapping potentials in high-end sectors need vailability of skilled labour. Independent surveys have been indicating that there is acute skill gap in these sectors. This challenge could be turned into opportunity by skilling our youth. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Explain the role of Transportation Sector in Telangana economy. In 2014-15, transportation Sector contributed 10.58 % of GSDP. It consists of (1). Railways (2) Airways (3) Roadways (4) Waterways

1. Railways: In 1879 Nizams guaranteed state Railways, Railway lane is 858 miles. Nizam Railways were naturalized in 1950 and merged in in 1951.  1st Railway line in the Sec-bad to Vadi  1st electrical railway line is Medira to Vijayawada  SCRZ was estd in Sec-bad 1966  MMTS : Multimode Transport S/m. started on 9th Aug 2003, 27 station, length ; 43 Kms No of passengers 1 day : 1 lakh, maintained by SCR Phase –II : Medchal to Bhuvangiri Metro Rail project: Started in 2013 by L & T and State Govt

Phase –I Length: 72.16 Kms ; Project cost 17,000 Cr; No of Stations -66 Track Guage : 1.435m (4ft 8 ½ inch) No of lines 3 Maintained by hyderabad metro rail ltd

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Phase –II Length – 85 Kms Total project will be completed by 2017

2. AIRWAYS: There are 2 Airports in T.S 1) Rajiv Gandhi International Air port (RGIA) 2) Warangal Airport (under process)

RGIV:  Construction started in 2005, Inaugurated on 14th march 2008 functioning started from 23rd march 2008  Project cost: 5,584 Cr  GHR group- 63%; T.S Group- 13%; AAI -13%; Malaysia Airport Holding- 11%  This is the 2nd PPP airport after Cochin Intenation Airport.  11.8 Km long road was constructed from Mehdipatnam to Rajendranagar this is called P.V. Narsimha Rao Express High way. 3. Road ways: There are 2 types of roads in state 1) Panchyat Raj roads www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

2) Road and building n/w roads (Rand B n/w roads)  On 1st Apr 2014 panchayat Raj roads are 64,046 km R&B roads of 3 types -26,837 km 1) National Highways 2,592 Km 2) State Highways 3,152 Km 3) Main District roads12,079 Km 4) Rural Roads 9,014 Km

1) NH7 (Varanasi – Kanyakumari) also known as NH.44 (new) Nirml (Adilabad) to Kurnool. Length: 519.64 Km 2) NH-9 (Pune to Machilipatnam) also knowns NH65 (new) NHRABAD  HYD Suryapet  Vijayawada  Machilipatnam. Length: 291.74 Km 3) NH-16 (NZ6 to Manchiryal), NH.63 (new) Jagadalpur to Manchiryal. Length: 235.15 Km 4) NH-167 (Karnataka via Jadcherla touches NH-7 ), Length 112 Kms 5) NH-202 HYD via Jangam  WGL Venkatapuram  Chattisgadh: Length: 306 Km 6) NH-221 A.P Via Penuballi  Kothagudem  Bhadrachalam  chutisgadh Length : 100 Km www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

7) NH-222 M.H Narsapur  Niml. NH-7 Length: 53.6 Km 8) NH-161 NH-65  R.R M.H, Length:140 Km 9) NH-365 length not available; NH65 NH 163 Length not available 10) NH-563 connects NH63  NH 164. Length: 36 Kms Note: largest NH is NH-5 or NH-16, largest in T.S. NH-7 or NH-44

TSRTC: Est. in 2014,  It consists of 3 zones, 10 regions, 94 depots.  No. of employees: 0.58 lakh,  No of buses 10,342  Avg. Vehicle productivity is 331 Km Telangana state has no waterways projects

Explain the TS- INDUSTRIAL POLICY-2014 and its achievements.

Industrialization will be the key strategy followed for economic growth and development for Telangana, the 29th state of the country. People of www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] the new state have very high expectations from the Telangana State Government for creating jobs for the youth, promote development of backward areas, maximize growth opportunities by optimum utilization of the available resources, harness the talents and skills of the people and usher prosperity in every household. Industrialization holds the potential for fulfilling all the dreams and aspirations of the people of Telangana.

The vision for industrialization of Telangana is “Research to Innovation; Innovation to Industry; Industry to Prosperity”. The industrial policy framework will be driven by the slogan – “In Telangana—Innovate, Incubate, Incorporate”.

The policy framework intends to provide a business regulatory environment where doing business would be as easy as shaking hands. Innovation and technology will drive the industries of the Telangana State.

The Government of Telangana State realizes that industrial development requires large-scale private sector participation, with the government playing the role of a facilitator and a catalyst.

The government is committed to provide a graft-free, hassle free environment in which the entrepreneurial spirit of local, domestic and international investors will thrive, and they’ll set up industrial units in the state of Telangana – their preferred investment destination.

The new Industrial Policy will be the instrument through which the vision of the Telangana State Government will be translated into action.

OBJECTIVES

The new Telangana State Industrial Policy will strive to provide a framework which will not only stabilize and make existing industries more competitive, but also attract and realize new international and national investments in the industrial sector. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

The focus will be on core manufacturing sectors, with the creation of employment for urban and rural youth and adding value to existing skills emphasised at all stages. It is expected that the most significant outcome of this approach will be the production of high quality goods at the most competitive price, which establishes “Made in Telangana- Made in India” as a brand with high global recognition.

The cornerstone of the policy would be zero graft and zero tolerance to corruption. The decision-making in all the Telangana State Departments will be transparent and the departmental heads will be held responsible for all acts of omission and commission by departmental staff.

An online and help-desk grievance redressal system will be put in place where the entrepreneur will be encouraged to report instances of corruption or any delays in performing timely tasks by the Telangana State Government departments. Timely and strict disciplinary action will be taken against those employees who violate the parameters of the Industrial Policy Framework.

MINIMUM INSPECTION AND MAXIMUM FACILITATION

The Industrial Policy Framework has the following mandate for departments that have any responsibility in the industrialization of the State – Minimum Inspection and Maximum Facilitation.

Minimum inspection

It would encompass a system of no random inspections without cause. Subject to statutory requirements, the departments will develop a system where each industrial unit is inspected only once in 3/4 years and the cycle of inspections is to be fixed in advance.

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Some random inspections will be planned to keep the industry on its toes, but these inspections will be with the specific written permission of the head of the department.

Maximum Facilitation

It would encompass an effective system beyond the conventional single window as the anchor. Self-certification will be encouraged and automatic renewals will be implemented. There will be web based E- helpline facilities as well as physical helpdesks in Hyderabad and the Districts.

Information availability and industry department transactions will be transparent and web-enabled. The Office of the Commissioner of Industries and the Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation will have a Citizens Charter covering all their activities.

EFFECTIVE INDUSTRIAL CLEARANCES MECHANISM

The Government of Telangana State is determined to create an ecosystem in which the ease of doing business in the state matches and even exceeds the best global standards.

Telangana State Government is aware that offering a hassle-free system is considered to be of the highest priority by the industrialists, and accordingly the government will implement a very effective industrial clearance system that will go beyond the traditional single window system. This system, called the Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self-certification System (TS-iPASS), will be strengthened by way of legislation.

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A Right to Single Window Clearance, on the lines of the Right to Information, will be bestowed for all applicants. Penal action will be imposed on the concerned officers who delay the applications. This will be at three levels—one for Mega Projects, one for other Large Industries, and one for SMEs.

The State Government will bring out a comprehensive legislation enshrining the above principles for according permissions and clearances for both Mega Projects as well as industrial applications in other categories.

CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECTS

The classification of projects into large, medium, small and micro sectors will be based on the Government of India MSME Ministry definitions as amended from time to time. The definition of a mega project is a Telangana State determined one. The Government of India has proposed to raise the investment limits under each category and the classification for now is as follows:

Mega Projects: Those having investment of above Rs.200 crores in plant and machinery or providing employment to more than 1000 persons

Other Large Projects: Those having investment between Rs.10 and Rs.200 crores in plant and machinery

Medium Industries: Those having investment between Rs.5 and Rs.10 crores in plant and machinery

Small Industries: Those having investment between Rs.25 lakhs to Rs.5 crores in plant and machinery

Micro Enterprises: Those having investment of less than Rs.25 lakhs in plant and machinery www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

SPECIAL FOCUS ON SMEs/MICRO INDUSTRIES

The SMEs and Micro-industries are expected to play a significant role in the new state of Telangana, both in terms of value addition and also in creating employment opportunities. The new Telangana State Industrial Policy will make special provisions for the SME and Micro sectors as follows:

 Adequate number of smaller plots in Industrial parks for SMEs; developed sheds for Micro-units Special fund for addressing Incipient Sickness

 Special fund for IP registrations assistance

 Special fund for anti-pirating assistance

 Special fund for technology transfer and modernization to MSME sector

 Reimbursement of land conversion charges for units in own land, subject toan upper limit

 Marketing assistance to participate in national and international trade shows and buyer-seller meets

 Consultant panel to respond to MSME entrepreneur needs

 Separate State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC) for industries, particularly SMEs

 Decentralized procedure for issue of licences and permissions to Micro enterprises at the level of Industrial Promotion Officers (IPOs) www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

ANCILLARY/VENDOR DEVELOPMENT

Within each of the core sectors, Telangana State Government is interested in the promotion of the ecosystem covering the entire value chain. An important component of the value chain are the primary suppliers who provide the raw material or the component parts to the anchor manufacturing industry, or provide basic inputs to the service industry.

The Telangana State Government will plan each Industrial park in such a way that along with anchor units, enough plots are available for setting up Suppliers/Vendors Park. Since the ancillary units are usually in the SME category, these plots will be smaller in size.

Mega projects will have to compulsorily set up a Suppliers/Vendors park to encourage growth of local ancillaries.

PREVENTING INCIPIENT\SICKNESS AMONG SMEs

The Telangana State Government intends to create a corpus fund jointly with the industries and their associations which will act as a safety net for SMEs that face any crisis and run the risk of imminent sickness. Telangana State Government will also work closely with the RBI constituted State Level Inter-Institutional Committee (SLIIC) to coordinate revival plans of sick and incipient SMEs.

SPECIAL ASSISTANCE TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Like SC/ST entrepreneurs, the number of existing women-owned industrial enterprises is very meager. The Telangana State Government will encourage women entrepreneurs in a big way. Each of the 30 districts of the state (excluding Hyderabad) will have one or more industrial parks exclusively for women. www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Organizations working for women entrepreneurs like COWE, ALEAP and FICCI-FLO will be invited to partner with the government to identify and train women entrepreneurs, get their project proposals developed, link them to financial institutions and handhold and monitor the progress of their projects. Among women, the government would facilitate more number of entrepreneurs to emerge from socially deprived categories like SCs, STs, BCs and Minorities.

SPECIAL SUPPORT FOR SC/ST ENTREPRENEURS It is an unfortunate reality that a very miniscule proportion of existing industrial units are owned by SC/ST entrepreneurs. There are a number of structural barriers which the SC/ST entrepreneurs find extremely difficult to overcome.

Since the foundation of the new state of Telangana is based on the premise of social justice, the new Telangana State Industrial Policy will take up a number of additional support measures meant to increase entrepreneurship among the SCs/STs.

This program will be implemented under the banner of TSPRIDE— Telangana State Program for Rapid Incubation of Dalit Entrepreneurs and some of these initiatives under T-PRIDE are as follows:

 A special direct funding program for financing SC/ST entrepreneurs will be worked out to utilize the money available under the respective Sub-Plans

 Payment of Margin Money on behalf of the SC/ST entrepreneurs by the government

 Preferential allotment of plots in Industrial Parks

 Supplier diversity opportunities in large industries www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 State departmental procurement policy in tune with GOI SME procurement policy (20%)

 Intensive Entrepreneur and Skill Development programmes

 Subsidy eligibility if funded by CRISIL Rated NBFCs

 No negative list

 Interest subsidy for service sector units (except transport sector)

 State supported CGTMSE-type scheme for SC/ST entrepreneurs

 Organizations like the Dalit India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DICCI) will be involved in planning, implementing and monitoring special programmes for the SCs/STs

 Representation in all district and state level committees

TRADITIONAL ARTS AND HANDICRAFTS

The State of Telangana has a number of internationally recognized forms of traditional arts and handicrafts. These are handicrafts like Nirmal Paintings, Dokra metal work, Bidri ware, Pembarthy Brass ware as well as textiles like Pochampally Ikat, Gadwal saris and Warangal carpets.

A number of artisans and craft-persons continue to live on the production of these arts and handicrafts, but there income levels are declining. To improve the productivity and incomes in this sector, the Government of Telangana intends to take a number of actions under the www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

T-HART-Telangana State Handicrafts and Artisans Revival with Technology program.

MARKETING BRAND TELANGANA

Telangana is the 29th and newest State of the Union of India. There is a need to create awareness about the State of Telangana and its brand image. To this end, Telangana State will participate extensively in a large number of national and international trade fairs, conferences and exhibitions so that the strengths and opportunities of the State can be showcased. The industrial policy of Telangana State has also to be publicised widely.

In addition to promoting the brand image of the State, it is also essential to promote the SMEs of the state. The State will actively promote the participation of Telangana SMEs in trade fairs, expositions, buyer seller meets and other such events.

The State will also leverage all funds available from Government of India schemes under the MSME, Commerce, Textiles, and Pharmaceutical Departments and sector specific Export Promotion Councils to promote State SMEs. Adequate budget support will be provided for marketing the State and the industrial and craft products of the State.

INDUSTRIAL LAND BANK

It is estimated that about 20 lakh acres of land is available in the state that has been identified as unfit for cultivation in Telangana. Based on a www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] detailed survey of these land parcels and identification of those parcels that are fit for industrial use, an industrial land bank for the State of Telangana will be developed. Such lands would be transferred to the Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TSIIC).

Once the lands so identified are transferred to the TSIIC, the TSIIC will determine the suitability of each land parcel for setting up core sector specific Industrial Parks. The core sectors are those sectors listed earlier in the new Industrial Policy.

Exclusive industrial parks in safe zones will also be created for setting up of red category industries. Some of the industrial parks will also permit multi-sectoral activities and general manufacturing units.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

The development of industrial and related infrastructure will be the responsibility of the Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TSIIC). The financial base of the TSIIC will be strengthened and it will be made to function as an effective organization.

All lands in the State identified as fit for industrial use will be transferred to the TSIIC. This land asset base will be leveraged to raise finances from the market so that the TSIIC can become independent of Government over a period of time as far as budgetary support is concerned.

The TSIIC will develop all required infrastructure for the sector specific parks like approach roads, water supply, industrial power, and common effluent treatment facilities.

TSIIC will raise market loans with Government guarantee and also get initial minimal budgetary support for the creation of the infrastructure in these new industrial parks. It will be ensured that at the time of allotment www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] to industries, all infrastructure facilities are available in the industrial park, and the investor can begin the construction of his unit right from day 1.

CONNECTIVITY

Approach roads of suitable dimension, keeping in mind the nature of industrial activity likely to happen within the park, will be developed to provide connectivity to the nearest national/state highway, railway station and airport. Based on requirement, provision of a railway siding will also be considered.

INDUSTRIAL WATER

To support industrialization, the Government of Telangana will earmark 10% of water from all existing and new irrigation sources for industrial use. Water pipelines will be laid as apart of infrastructure creation for each industrial park by TSIIC. The TSIIC will coordinate with the appropriate department that is responsible for the creation of the Telangana Water Grid so that industrial water for local M MSMEs is made available through the Grid.

INDUSTRIAL POWER

The Government of Telangana State recognizes that quality power and uninterrupted power supply are keys to the growth of the industrial sector. The State has a clear short-, medium-, and long-term plans to first overcome the power shortage and eventually become a power surplus state.

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Accordingly, uninterrupted power supply will bear ranged in each industrial park. The government will also explore the possibility of creating a separate DISCOM exclusively for the industrial parks. Further, “open access” power restrictions will be removed as far as possible to enable all types of industries, including MSMEs to be able to access the power exchange.

The Telangana State Government will encourage usage of non- conventional energy for industrial purposes. Both the user industry and the non-conventional energy suppliers will be provided appropriate incentives to encourage investments in non-conventional energy projects, especially solar power. In large industrial parks, the Government will facilitate setting up of Private Merchant Power Plants. These 300-500 MW power plants will be of interest to Chinese- and Singapore-based investors dedicated to the group of industrial parks and the tariff could be negotiated between industry users and the producer.

The Telangana State TRANSCO will facilitate wheeling and transmission. To support industrialization, the Government of Telangana will earmark 10% of water from all existing and new irrigation sources for industrial use. Water pipelines will be laid as a part of infrastructure creation for each industrial park by TSIIC. The TSIIC will coordinate with the appropriate department that is responsible for the creation of the Telangana Water Grid so that industrial water for local MSMEs is made available through the Grid.

COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (CETP)

Every industrial park will be provided with a common effluent treatment plant, depending on the nature of effluents expected from the specified industrial activity. The Telangana State Government will also encourage development of CETP through a Joint Venture/PPP model, since it is possible to operate and maintain a CETP on commercial lines.

INTERNAL INFRASTRUCTURE www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

On similar lines, the entire internal infrastructure within an industrial park like internal roads, water distribution lines, drains, waste disposal facilities, etc., will be developed by the TSIIC before lands are allotted to the industrial units.

STATUTORY CLEARANCES FOR THEINDUSTRIAL PARKS

It will be the responsibility of TSIIC to obtain all basic statutory clearances for these Industrial Parks from the appropriate authorities like Land Conversion, Land Use, Layout Approval and Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India so that the industrial units need not obtain individual clearances.

LAND ALLOTMENT PROCESS

Details of all land parcels that form part of the industrial land bank of the State will be made available on the website of TSIIC and the Department of Industries and Commerce.

All required information like distance of the Industrial Park from the nearest highway/railway station/airport/town, size of individual plots, photographs of the lands, Google maps, etc. will be displayed. Three empowered bodies will manage the land allotment process in a transparent and objective manner.

The State Industrial Promotion Committee (SIPC) headed by the Chief Secretary and including Special Chief Secretaries/Principal Secretaries/Secretaries from related linear departments will finalise land allotment for Mega Projects.

A State Level Allotment Committee (SLAC) headed by Managing Director, TSIIC will clear allotments for other Large Projects.

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All cases of Micro and SME applicants will be handled by the District Industrial Promotion Committee (DIPC) headed by the respective District Collector. Joint Collector will be the Vice-Chairman of the DIPC. The process of application will be simplified and made web- enabled. All documents required for making application will be available on the website. An Online Application System will be followed, including the facility to upload all documents online. Facility will be available to the applicant to seek any clarification online. In addition, physical Help Desks will also be set up in the Head Offices and all the District Offices.

The above Committees will meet frequently, and strict timelines for allotment according to the Citizen’s Charter will be adhered to. A mechanism will be put in place to realistically assess the actual requirement of land by each applicant. Empanelled technical experts will scrutinise the Detailed Project Report, and based on standard norms for each line of activity, will recommend the actual extent that can be allotted to the applicant.

The recommendations of the technical experts will be used by the Committees for finalising land allotment to the applicant. While making the allotment, the applicant will be required to submit a detailed implementation plan with clear milestones and timelines.

The allottee will be held strictly accountable for the progress of his project as per the implementation plan. In case of any willful default, the allotment will be cancelled and the land resumed. Once the allotment is finalised by the relevant committee, the applicant will be required to enter into an ‘Agreement to Sale’ with the TSIIC.

This will allow him to raise financing by mortgaging the land for project development. However, the title over the land will be conferred through a ‘Sale Deed’ only when the project is completed and commercial production has started.

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During the construction and project development stage, the original promoter will not be permitted to dilute his equity beyond 51% in the project. ‘Agreement to Sale’ will be cancelled in case any willful default as mentioned above is observed.

Other than the outright sale method of land allotment, allotment of land on long-term lease to the SMEs will also be considered, particularly when no costs have been incurred by the TSIIC in land procurement.

COMMON FACILITY CENTRES AND UTILITY CENTERS LAND PRICING

Every Industrial Park will have some number of plots earmarked for Common Facilities like Electricity Sub-stations, Police Outposts, Fire Stations, e-seva Centers, Banks, Petrol Stations, canteens, local shopping, etc. These will be allotted to concerned government agencies or private parties in an objective and transparent manner by following defined criterion.

The Government will also encourage setting up of Utility Centers with the involvement of the Private Sector. These Utility Centers will provide dedicated power, water, steam, waste management facilities and other industrial inputs to designated specific or a group of industrial parks. There will be direct and independent contracts between the Utility Centre Company and the individual industries in the designated Industrial Parks.

LAND PRICING

A Price Fixation Committee (PFC) constituted within TSIIC will determine the prices of all the land parcels in different Industrial Parks www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] by following an objective criterion. The final price will be the aggregate of the prevailing land price in that area as ascertained from the Registration records, the cost incurred in land development and infrastructure creation, and a nominal administrative charge. T he land prices will also be displayed on the website, along with other information. The land price will have validity for a specified time period, and will get revised periodically. A separate pricing mechanism will be followed for the plots earmarked for Common Facilities. Land for location of industry will be available on outright purchase/sale or on a lease basis.

LAND ACQUISITION FOR INDUSTRIES

In case, none of the land parcels available in the industrial land bank of the government are found suitable by an applicant, and if he prefers a privately owned land, it is possible for the TSIIC to acquire it on his behalf by following the provisions of the prevailing Land Acquisition Act.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ON PRIVATE LANDS

Industry will be encouraged in private lands designated for industrial use in spatial planning of HMDA and other urban development authorities in Telangana. Private industrial park developers will be encouraged to pool their lands so that good quality infrastructure can be developed according to the TSIIC standards. In case an industry has to be set up in private lands other than that zoned as industrial, the Government of Telangana will do its best to change the land use pattern, if such conversion is not prohibited by the spatial planning of the area.

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SKILL DEVELOPMENT

While encouraging industrial investments on one hand, the Telangana State Government realizes that an important responsibility laid on its shoulders is to make trained and skilled manpower available for the industry’s requirements.

The Telangana State Government will accordingly take up appropriate skill development programmes so that technically qualified youth can find employment in the industry. These skill development programs have to be industry sector specific and the training package has to be developed in consultation with the industry so that the trained candidates meet industry requirements.

The Telangana State Government will take support of accredited Private Sector skill providers in this endeavor. Mega industries will also be especially encouraged to start their own skill development centers within the same industrial park where their unit is located. The Industrial Area Societies will also be encouraged to participate in design and implementing skill development programs.

Skill development programmes would aim to train the youth in getting entry-level jobs, and also up gradation of skills of the existing employees. The skill development programmes targeted at industrial sector jobs will be supported by the government under the ambit of the Telangana State’s Skill Development Mission in general and the Telangana State Accelerated SSI Skills Training (T-ASSIST) program of the Industries and Commerce Department.

INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIPS

As part of the master plan for the sector specific industrial parks to be developed by TSIIC, provision for mini-industrial townships will be www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected] made. The townships will contain executive housing, workers housing, social infrastructure and other amenities.

This township development can be initiated by the TSIIC in partnership with established industry groups who have the competence in this field and also other reputed real estate companies. Further, in the vicinity of industrial parks, lands will be zoned as Residential, to enable the private sector to also develop housing for the industrial employees. Separate norms and incentives for the township development will be released as a part of State’s urban development policy.

INDUSTRIAL AREA LOCAL AUTHORITY

As a part of providing a hassle-free environment for the industrial units, the concept of Industrial Area Local Authority (IALA) will be strengthened. All new Industrial Parks that will be set up by the TSIIC will be covered under the IALA system.

All existing TSIIC Industrial Parks which do not have an IALA will adopt the IALA system. This will enable industries to get faster clearances required for starting of construction since the IALA will take advance clearances. The IALA will play an important role in monitoring the compliance of the Industry with self-certified local and national laws and Acts.

INDUSTRIAL INCENTIVES

The Telangana State Government is committed to encourage the process of industrialization by making various kinds of incentives available to the entrepreneurs. The Telangana State Government also assures an entrepreneur-friendly and graft-free regime of disbursing the incentives.

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The Telangana State Government guarantees that the incentives will be released on time, and direct to the bank account. There will be a transparent online application system, with minimum human interface. There will be enhanced incentive packages for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, physically handicapped, and women entrepreneurs.

Mega Projects with an investment of over Rs.200crores in plant and machinery or employment above 1000 persons will receive tailor-made incentives in addition to standard large category industry incentives.

The Telangana State Government will consider providing incentives to the entrepreneurs in the following areas under its T-IDEA (Telangana State Industrial Development and Entrepreneur Advancement) incentive scheme:

 Stamp duty reimbursement  Land cost rebate  Land conversion cost  Power cost reimbursement  Investment subsidy  VAT reimbursement  Interest subsidy  Seed capital for 1st generation entrepreneur  Training and skill development  cost reimbursement  Quality/patent support  Clean production measures  Reimbursement of infrastructure development costs

RATIONALIZATION OF TAXES

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A sound industrial policy has to ensure that the State taxation structure is conducive to industrial growth and State financial resource augmentation. Distortions in the tax structure leads to evasion of taxes and clandestine transport of industrial inputs and outputs to neighboring states, which may have advantageous tax rates. To address this problem, inter-state tax rationalization on industrial inputs and outputs with neighboring states like Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu will be brought out within a short span of time.

REVIEW OF ALL LAWS IMPACTING INDUSTRY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

It is common knowledge that a number of laws and rules that impact industry and industrialization are outdated. For example, the Indian Boilers Act is of 1923 and the Indian Boilers Rules is from the year 1950. The Indian Factories Act is from the year 1948. The Electrical Inspector implements the provisions of the Indian Electricity Rules 1956.

The Government of India has also announced its intention to review all legislation, and either remove from the books or completely revise these archaic laws. The Telangana State Government will also review the laws and rules on its books and either remove or completely revise these archaic laws that are within the competence of the Telangana State Government.

As per Section 94 (1) of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, the Central Government shall take appropriate fiscal measures, including offer of tax incentives to the successor States, to promote industrialisation and economic growth in both the States.  100% central excise benefit for 5 (or more) years www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

 100% income tax benefit for 5 years; 30% for the next 5 years  Other investment subsidy benefits

The government will pass on these benefits to the entrepreneurs once they get notified by the Government of India.

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION CIRCLE OF HYDERABAD

Hyderabad is home to a number of internationally- and nationally- reputed educational and research institutions. ICRISAT, CRIDA, CCMB, IICT, DRDL, NIPER, IIT, BITS, IIIT, ISB, UOH, OU, are some of them.

The Government intends to harness the talent available in these institutions to the fullest to benefit the industrial sector by bringing new ideas, new innovations, new technologies, new products and services, to make the industries in Telangana globally competitive.

The Government recognizes the present gaps in the innovation- entrepreneurship-investment ecosystem, which has prevented the full utilization of the research and development work taking place in these institutions.

The Government, therefore intends to create a platform to be named Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad or RICH in short, as a Section 25 Company that will link the research institutes, academia and industry along with venture capitalists, angel investors and Incubation Funds. Through this mechanism, innovation will be encouraged and commercialization of research will be promoted.

The Government of Telangana will invest substantially in RICH so that it can become a self-sustaining organization. RICH will focus on the core industrial sectors outlined earlier in this Policy. To supplement www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

RICH and encourage innovation and incubation, the Telangana State Government will create a Research to Market Fund (RMF) to fund entrepreneurial activity, and provide a matching contribution up to Rs.100 crores to the fund for amounts contributed by private venture capitalists and angel investors.

Linking up the technical educational institutions, technical education students and the industry will also be taken up by RICH. RICH will create a model of strong industry-institution linkage that will ensure practical training for all technical graduates in the industry, making them more employable (immediately out of college).

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

As part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), companies that have a turnover above a particular financial limit as prescribed by the Government of India, from time to time are expected to spend a portion of their profits on activities that benefit the community at large. Usually, these companies have their own CSR Plans and in many cases, the CSR Plans are formulated at their corporate headquarters that may not be located within the State of Telangana.

In addition, individual amounts being spent by individual corporate may not be substantial to make a significant impact on the local community. The Telangana State Government intends to coordinate with the industry groups to ensure that a systematic and comprehensive annual state-wide plan is created by all companies so that CSR in Telangana will have maximum impact.

SAFETY NET AND EXIT POLICY

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Other than Statutory Provident Fund type of instruments, there is no safety net for industrial workers. In the event of closure of an industry, many of the employees are likely to face a serious economic crisis.

The Government of Telangana will explore the possibility of creating a safety net scheme with contribution of the industry and the Government to create a safety net for industrial workers. Similarly, over the past few years, industry groups have been requesting Governments to craft an exit policy for the industry.

Once an industry is set up, there is no exit policy at present by which the interests of the investor, the employees and the financial institutions are protected. Though an industry exit policy is in the domain of the Central Government, the Government of Telangana will work closely with the GOI in the formulation of an exit policy.

Achievements

The TS-iPASS is being implemented through an end-to-end interactive online system. While the approval for mega projects i.e. (investment of more than Rs. 200 crore or an employment potential of more than 1000) is accorded within 15 days, the approval for all other projects will be granted within 30 days.

As on 24.01.2017, about 3327 units have been given approvals in the state with an investment of Rs. 51,358 crore, including the investment of TSGENCO, providing employment to 2.12 lakh persons. So far, 1,138 industries have actually commenced commercial production, 405 are in an advanced stage of completion and the rest are under various stages of construction.

Major sector-wise approvals given under TS-iPASS (1 January 2016 to 24 January 2017) www.OnlineIAS.com 9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com [email protected]

Major sector-wise analysis reveals that, highest number of approvals (361) were given in the food processing sector during this period, followed by engineering, agro-based, pharma and chemicals, granite and stone crushing, plastic and rubber etc., Though only five IT services units were approved so far, they have high employment generation potential.

District-wise distribution of industries approved under the TS-iPASS reveals that a majority of the proposed industries are grounded in and around Hyderabad. Medchal district has received the highest number of proposals (727) with an employment capacity of 25,585, followed by Rangareddy, Sangareddy, Karimnagar, Nalgonda, and Warangal (Urban)

CONCLUSION

The new Industrial Policy brought out by the Government of Telangana promises to revolutionise the way industrial sector has been viewed by successive governments in this country. A day is not far when the new Industrial Policy of Telangana will shine as an exemplar among the best in the world. “Innovate in Telangana, Invest in Telangana, Incorporate in Telangana” will become the motto of industrialization in the new State. It is strongly believed that with the new Industrial Policy in place, a growth rate of 4-5% greater than the national growth rate in the Manufacturing Sector can be achieved. The Telangana State Government welcomes industrialists, investors and entrepreneurs to this new State and promises to fulfil their expectations both in letter and in spirit as espoused in the new Industrial Policy.

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