Ziziphus Mauritiana : a Review on Pharmacological Potential of This Underutilized Plant
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA : A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THIS UNDERUTILIZED PLANT Sukirti Upadhyay1, Prashant Upadhyay1, A K Ghosh1, Vijender Singh2 ijcrr 1 College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad (U.P) Vol 04 issue 03 2 School of Pharmacy, KIET, Ghaziabad (U.P) Category: Review Received on:30/11/11 Revised on:12/12/11 E-mail of Corresponding Author: [email protected] Accepted on:19/12/11 ABSTRACT Ziziphus mauritiana is one of the underutilized herbs having potential to heal various ailments. It is reported in the ancient literature that whole plant as fruits, leaves , seed and root posses pharmacological activity . So this article is focused on potential and reported pharmacological activities of the whole plant. ___________________________________________________________________________ Keywords :- Ziziphus mauritiana , root ,seed, fruit tropical region from Africa to Afghanistan and China, and also through Malaysia , Australia INTRODUCTION and in some pacific regions. It can form dense Ziziphus mauritiana a tropical fruit tree stands and become invasive in some areas, species. It is a spiny, evergreen shrub or small including Fiji and Australia and has become a tree up to 15 m high, with trunk 40 cm or more serious environmental weed in Northern in diameter; spreading crown; stipular spines Australia. It is a fast growing tree with a and many drooping branches. The fruit is of medium life span that can quickly reach up to variable shape and size. It is oval, obovate, 10–40 ft (3 to 12 m) tall. oblong or round, and it can be 1-2.5 in (2.5- 6.25 cm) long, depending on the variety. The VERNACULAR NAMES: flesh is white and crisp. When slightly unripe, English: Chinee apple, Chinese date, cottony this fruit is a bit juicy and has a pleasant aroma. jujube, Indian cherry, Indian jujube, The fruit's skin is smooth, glossy, thin but Indian plum, jujube tight.It is the most commonly found in the Fijian: baer tropical and sub-tropical regions. Originally French: jujubier, massonnier native to India it is now widely naturalized in Hindi: baher, bahir Spanish: azufaifo africano 141 International Journal of Current Research and Review www.ijcrr.com Vol. 04 issue 03 February 2012 CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Ziziphus Species: Z. mauritiana Binomial name Ziziphus mauritianaLam. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: a salt solution. Ripe fruits are preserved by It is a rich source of cyclopeptide alkaloids sun-drying and a powder is prepared for out- lupane and triterpenes. of-season purposes. It contains 20 to 30% cyclopeptidmacrocycles of Ziziphus species sugar, up to 2.5% protein and 12.8% showed interesting biological properties, carbohydrates. Fruits are also eaten in other including sedative, analgesic, antibacterial , forms, such as dried, candied, pickled, as antifungal and, antiplasmodial activity etc .It juice, or as ber butter. In Ethiopia, the fruits have 14-membered ring cyclopeptides to be are used to stupefy fish.The leaves are readily the largest subgroup of alkaloid obtained, eaten by camels, cattle and goats and are whereas only one 13-membered macrocyclic considered nutritious.In India and Queensland, alkaloid isolated from this plant. These the flowers are rated as a minor source of included the 4(14)-membered ring class: nectar for honeybees. The honey is light and mauritineC, amphibine F and frangufoline the of fair flavor.1 5(14)-membered ring type: mauritines A and B. It also contain protein ,carotene and vitamin MEDICINAL PROPERTIES C. The fruit is eaten raw or pickled or used in Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, kapha, obesity, beverages. It is quite nutritious and rich in fever, burning sensations, cough, wound, skin vitamin C. It is second only to guava and disease, ulcers, stomatitis, diarrhea, sexual much higher than citrus or apples. In India, the weakness, and general debility. ripe fruits are mostly consumed raw, but are Useful part : Fruit, Seed, Leaves, Root, Bark. 2 sometimes stewed. Slightly unripe fruits are candied by a process of pricking, immersing in 142 International Journal of Current Research and Review www.ijcrr.com Vol. 04 issue 03 February 2012 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF in serum & liver of rats Aqueous extract of LITERATURE: Ziziphus maurtiana leaf can be used for the The alcohol and aqueous extract of prevention and treatment of fatty liver, Z.mauritiana leaves stimulates cell-mediated atherosclerosis and other diseases associated immune system by increasing neutrophil with high levels of cholesterol and function and phagocytic activity. 3 triglyceride. Pretreatment was found to confer Free radical scavenging activity & inhibitory more protection than co-treatment, hence response of Ziziphus maurtiana seed extract pretreatment should be preferred. 9 exert on alcohol induced oxidative stress.4 The methanolic extract of Z.mauritianastem Anticancer potential of aq. ethanolic extract of bark was evaluated for its antiulcer activity Ziziphus maurtiana was found against cancer using two models. Models are ethanol induced cell liner by MTI assay. 5 gastric ulcers model and aspirin induced Ziziphus maurtiana root exert antidiarrhoeal gastric ulcer model in mice. It was found that activity of in rodents . The antidiarrhoeal the methanolic extract of stem bark have effect of the methanolic extract as evaluated significant antiulcer activity in dose dependent exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition manner where 3 different oral doses prepared of the spontaneous pendular movement of the (100 mg/kg of body weight, 250 mg/kg of isolated rabbit jejunum and inhibited body weight and 500 mg/kg of body weight). acetylcholine induced contraction of rat ileum. Evaluation was done on both models A dose dependent decrease of gastrointestinal comparing with reference standard ranitidine transit was observed with extracts (25 and 50 (80 mg/Kg/ p. o.). The above result shows that mg/kg) which also protected mice against Z.mauritianastem bark probably contains castor oil induced diarrhea and castor oil some active ingredients that could be induced fluid accumulation, respectively. The developed for above mentioned abnormal presence of some of the phytochemicals in the condition as have been claimed by traditional root extract may be responsible for the system of medicine. 10 observed effects, and also the basis for its use The antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extracts in traditional medicine as antidiarrhoeal drug. of leaves of two species of genus Ziziphus 6 were determined against Escherichia coli, Chronic alcohol ingestion is known to increase Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus the generation of reactive oxygen species pyogenes, Aspergillus niger and Candida (ROS), thereby leading to liver damage. Pre- albicans. S. pyogenes was the most susceptible treatment of rats with 200, 400 mg/kg body followed by E. coli while S. aureus was the weight of aqueous leaf extract of Z.mauritiana least susceptible. 11 resulted reduced the morphological changes Investigation of the MeOH extract that that are associated with chronic alcohol alkaloids isolated exhibited potent administration .Rat liver administered with antiplasmodial activity against the parasite only alcohol resulted in severe necrosis, Plasmodium falciparum with the inhibitory mononuclear cell aggregation and fatty concentration (IC50) ranging from 3.7 to degeneration in the central and mid zonal 10.3 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 also areas which was a characteristic of a damaged demonstrated antimycobacterial activity liver. 7 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the Ziziphus maurtiana aqueous ethanol seed MIC of 72.8 and 4.5 μM, respectively. 12 extract exert hypoglycemic activity in alloxan The aqueous, methanolic and saponin extracts induced diabetic mice. 8 of Zizyphus mauritiana bark were screened for The aqueous extract of Ziziphus maurtiana spermicidal activities against human leaf lowers cholesterol and triglycerides level spermatozoa.Saponin extract is found to be 143 International Journal of Current Research and Review www.ijcrr.com Vol. 04 issue 03 February 2012 more active to cause immobilization then Tradit Complement Altern Med 2007 ; aqueous and methanolic extract.13 5(1): 39–45 8. Bhatia A and Mishra T ,Hypoglycemic CONCLUSION activity of Ziziphus maurtiana aqueous Thus from traditional and reported activities of ethanol seed extract in alloxan induced Z.mauritiana it may be concluded that this herb diabetic mice.Pharmaceutical biology has great potential as antimicrobial , 2010; 48,604. hepatoprotective , anticancer , contraceptive and 9. Dahiru D, Obidoa O,Effect of aqueous antidiarrhoel agent other activities mentioned in extract of Ziziphus maurtiana leaf on the literature have to explore for further cholesterol and triglycerides level in development of potential medicinal agent. serum & liver of rats administered alcohol.2009, Pakistan j of nutrition , ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2009:1884-1888. I would like to acknowledge Prof R L Khosa 10. Panchal S, Panchal K, Vyas N, Modi K, conveyer of GBTU for encouragement in doing Patel V, Bharadia P, Pundarikakshudu K. research work. Antiulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Z.mauritiana stem Bark International REFERENCES Journal of Pharmacognosy and 1. www.ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com Phytochemical Research,2010 2(3): 6-11. 2. http://commons.wikimedia.org 11. M. E. Abalaka1, S. Y. Daniyan1 and A. 3. Wadekar R.Effect of Ziziphus maurtiana Mann2 M. E. Abalaka1, S. Y. Daniyan1 lea.f extract on phagocytosis by human