Eighteenth-Century Medical Scotland: a Select Bibliography

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eighteenth-Century Medical Scotland: a Select Bibliography Eighteenth-Century Medical Scotland: A Select Bibliography Manuscripts and dissertations A Narrative of Some Late Injurious Proceedings of the Managers of the Royal Infirmary Against the Students of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh (pamphlet) (Edinburgh, 1785), MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. Appeal for Funds Made in Behalf of Lord Provost, Magistrates and Council, for Funding of the Special Servants Ward at the Infirmary, Edinburgh, 31 January 1771 (pamphlet) National Library of Scotland. W. Cullen, Consultation Correspondence, XXI vols (Edinburgh, 1755–90), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. W. Cullen, Essay on the Preservation of Health, parts I-II, MSS, Thomson/Cullen Papers, Glasgow University Library. W. Cullen, An Essay on the Hypochondriac Disease in a Letter, MSS, Thomson/Cullen Papers, Glasgow University Library. W. Cullen, Clinical Lectures delivered for John Gregory, February–April 1772 (Edinburgh, 1772), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. W. Cullen, Clinical Lectures (Edinburgh, 1772–3), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. W. Cullen, Clinical Cases and Reports taken at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh from Dr Cullen by R.W. Hall (Edinburgh, 1773–4), MSS Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 351 Bibliography A. Duncan, Sr, Clinical Reports and Commentaries, February–April 1795, presented by A.B. Morison (Edinburgh, 1795), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Edinburgh Infirmary, General Register of Patients, MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. Edinburgh Infirmary, Treasurer’s Account Book, MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. Edinburgh, Infirmary, Minute Books, MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. M.D.L. Finlay, An Enquiry into the ‘Ague’ in Scotland, MD thesis, Edinburgh University, 1978. James Gregory, Clinical Notes and Lectures (Edinburgh, 1779–80), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. James Gregory, Cases of Patients Under the Care of James Gregory, MD (Edinburgh, 1781-82), MSS Collection, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. James Gregory, Clinical Cases of Dr Gregory in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, taken by N. Thomas (Edinburgh, 1785–6), MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. James Gregory, Clinical Lectures and Cases (Edinburgh, 1787), MSS Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. James Gregory, ‘Hysteria’, a Lecture Delivered to Medical Students in the Academic Year 1788–9, MSS Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. James Gregory, Clinical Reports, 1 November 1795–1 February 1796 (Edinburgh, 1795–6), MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. John Gregory, Clinical Cases of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, 1771–2), MSS Collection, Edinburgh University Library. 352.
Recommended publications
  • Palliative Care : the 400-Year Quest for a Good Death
    Palliative Care This page intentionally left blank Palliative Care The 400-Year Quest for a Good Death Harold Y. Vanderpool McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina ISBN 978-0-7864-9799-7 (softcover : acid free paper) ISBN 978-1-4766-1971-2 (ebook) ♾ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE British Library cataloguing data are available © 2015 Harold Y. Vanderpool. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. On the cover: clockwise from top left hospice nurse with patient (Stockbyte/Thinkstock); Doctor Onstine, medical doctor, making an examination, 1943 (Library of Congress); Doctor and nurse examining patient in hospital room (Digital Vision/Thinkstock); The doctor’s office on Transylvania Project, Louisiana, 1940 (Library of Congress); Intensive Care Unit (iStock/Thinkstock) Printed in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com For Jan This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Acknowledgments ix Preface 1 1: From Proclamation to Recognition: 1605–1772 5 2: Minute Details and Codified Conduct: 1789–1825 23 3: That Science Called Euthanasia: 1826–1854 39 4: Polarities Between Attention and Disregard: 1859–1894 58 5: Challenging the Overreach of Modern Medicine: 1895–1935 76 6: Never Say Die Versus Care for the Dying: 1935–1959 93 7: Times of Momentous Transition: 1960–1981 112 8: Progress, Threatening Seas, and Endurance: 1982–1999 140 9: Choices: 2000 to the Present 173 Epilogue 207 Chapter Notes 211 Bibliography 243 Index 265 vii This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments Research on the topics in this history began when I wrote the first of two master’s degree theses as a Kennedy fellow in medical ethics and the history of medicine at Har- vard University.
    [Show full text]
  • PASSAGES of MEDICAL HISTORY. Edinburgh Medicine, 1750-1800.*
    PASSAGES OF MEDICAL HISTORY. Edinburgh Medicine, 1750-1800.* By JOHN D. COMRIE, M.A., B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P.Ed. In my ten-minute talk last May about the Edinburgh medical school I dealt with the founding of the Royal College of Physicians, the botanic garden, and the expansion of the Town's College into the University of Edinburgh through the establishment of a medical faculty in 1726. In the second half of the eighteenth century the medical school at Edinburgh became much more than a local institution, and not only attracted students from all over the British Isles, but was the chief centre to which men desiring to study medicine had recourse from the newly-founded British colonies through- out the world. Several of the teachers were men who attained great reputations. Dr Robert Whytt succeeded John Rutherford as professor both of the theory and practice of medicine in 1747, and was appointed largely because he was interested in medical research, a rare pursuit in those days. Stone in the bladder was a serious and frequent complaint which attracted great public interest and produced many reputed solvents for these calculi. Whytt had carried out an elaborate series of experiments in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh with lime water, which he found to have a considerable power in disintegrating calculi, and he had published A n Essay on the Virtues of Lime Water and Soap in the Cure of the Stone. The treatment upon which he finally settled was to administer daily by the mouth water. He an ounce of soap and three pints or more of lime also published An Essay on the Vital and Other Involuntary Motions of Animals which brought him into conflict with the great Albrecht von Haller and gained him prominent notice on the Continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation
    Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation by Brittany Pladek A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto © Copyright by Brittany Pladek (2013) Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation Brittany Pladek Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto 2013 Abstract This study uses the interdisciplinary lens of Romantic medical ethics to reconsider received ideas about the therapeutic power of Romantic poetry. Studies of literature and medicine in the long nineteenth century have generally considered disease the era’s main medical symbol; they have likewise considered holistic “healing” its major model for poetry’s therapeutic effect, following Geoffrey Hartman’s description of Wordsworth’s ability to “heal the wound of self.” Without denying the importance of these paradigms, my work explores alternate foci: pain instead of disease, and palliation instead of healing. In Britain, professional medical ethics were first codified during the Romantic period in response to a variety of medical and social advances. But because of Romantic medicine’s curative uncertainty and utilitarian intolerance for pain, its ethicists turned from cure to palliation to describe a doctor’s primary duty toward his patients. My study argues that this palliative ethic was taken up by Romantic literary writers to describe their own work. By engaging with contemporary medical ethics treatises such as John Gregory’s 1770 Lectures on the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician and Thomas Percival’s 1803 Medical Ethics, I explore four Romantic authors’ struggle to find an appropriate medical model for their work’s therapeutic benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medical Collections: the Leaves of Life
    University of Aberdeen Special Libraries and Archives The Medical Collections: The Leaves of Life Hortus Sanitatis, Man mixing drugs, (Mainz: Meydenbach, 1491). Inc 3 An Information Document University of Aberdeen Development Trust King’s College Aberdeen Scotland, UK AB24 3FX t. +44 (0) 1224 272097 f. +44 (0) 1224 272271 www.abdn.ac.uk/devtrust/ King’s College Foundation Book, (1514). MSK 1, p.48 King’s College, Aberdeen (established 1495), Robert Gray, Mediciner from 1522 to the 1550s. was the first English-speaking university to teach In his hand we also have notes of medical prepa- medicine. Thus, the University has been involved rations, such as parsley and camomile being in medical teaching and collecting medical books, used for the treatment of gallstones. papers, and material objects for over five hun- dred years. It has also long been associated with Other 15th century holdings include a 1462 copy major medical advances and discoveries. of Bernard de Gordon’s Lilium Medicinae1, medi- cal notes by an Aberdonian student at Paris2, From its beginning, the University taught Medi- and a 1469 partial manuscript of the great Ara- cine as well as Theology, Law and Arts. The bian physician and philosopher Avicenna’s King’s College Foundation Book provides for a Canon3, as copied by a Scottish scribe. Among Doctor in Medicine to have a house and garden the early donations to the library of King’s Col- and a salary of £12 and six shillings per annum. lege is a magnificent folio of Avicenna, printed at Significantly, he was to be clothed like the medi- Venice — that is, at the confluence of east and cal doctors of the University of Paris, then the west — in 1544.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHN GREGORY's WRITINGS on MEDICAL ETHICS and PHILOSOPHY of MEDICINE Philosophy and Medicine VOLUME 57
    JOHN GREGORY'S WRITINGS ON MEDICAL ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE Philosophy and Medicine VOLUME 57 Editors H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Bay- lor College of Medicine and Philosophy Department, Rice University, Hous­ ton, Texas S. F. Spicker, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston, Mass. CLASSICS OF MEDICAL ETHICS 1 Series Editors Laurence B. McCullough, Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Robert B. Baker, Department of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York and Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Bay­ lor College of Medicine and Philosophy Department, Rice University, Hous­ ton, Texas S. F. Spicker, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. JOHN GREGORY'S WRITINGS ON MEDICAL ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE LAURENCE B. MCCULLOUGH Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 0 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON A CLP Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-7923-5000-6 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • HYSTERIA at the EDINBURGH INFIRMARY: the CONSTRUCTION and TREATMENT of a DISEASE, 1770-1800 by GUENTER B
    Medical History, 1988, 32: 1-22. HYSTERIA AT THE EDINBURGH INFIRMARY: THE CONSTRUCTION AND TREATMENT OF A DISEASE, 1770-1800 by GUENTER B. RISSE* I In the introduction to his History of sexuality, Michel Foucault pointed to the eighteenth century as the period in which sexuality became a medical concern and women were, in his words, subjected to "hysterization".' By this term, Foucault probably meant that medicine began to pay greater attention to female bodily functions, trying to explain anew women's behaviour and physical complaints within the prevailing theoretical frameworks of the time. Thus, Foucault's seemingly novel "medicine of hysteria" replaced traditional and popular views based on humours, vapours, and the effects of a wandering womb. In his view, this was just one aspect of the medicalization imposed on eighteenth-century life with its inherent shifts in power relationships which constitutes one of the central motifs in his writings.2 The present investigation started out as an effort to organize a rich source ofprimary clinical material: lecture notes and patient case histories from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh during the late-eighteenth century.3 The analysis focused on hospitalized patients labelled as suffering from "hysteria", trying to document and perhaps clarify Foucault's ideas on the subject. Using such historical evidence, this study made some rather unexpected discoveries. It not only exposed the ambiguities inherent in the construction of disease entities, but also refuted Foucault's account of the sexualization ofworking-class women, at least for late-eighteenth-century Edinburgh. Before presenting the archival data, however, it will be useful briefly to consider the views regarding women's health and especially hysteria prevalent in the medical literature during the latter part of the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • N John Gregory.PMD
    HISTORY JOHN GREGORY AND THE BACKGROUND TO MEDICAL PHILOSOPHY* B. Ashworth, Retired Consultant Neurologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh The recent technical revolution has stimulated a revival medical problems. About ten years later, when he moved of interest in medical philosophy. John Gregory seems to London, he entered the society of Samuel Johnson to be a neglected figure in medical history despite his and others and met Mrs Elizabeth Montagu of the Blue extensive writings in the mid eighteenth century until Stocking Circle, with whom he corresponded for the rest recently, most of his work was out of print.1 of his life. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and one year later he was called to the Chair of Medicine Plato emphasised virtue, and said that good medicine is in Aberdeen to fill a vacancy created by the death of his that which attains good ends. This is now known as half-brother. However, he was not able to establish clinical teleological ethics. From ancient times there was teaching in King’s College. A few years later he moved emphasis on codes, oaths and other formulations. The to Edinburgh, where he was soon appointed Professor of Hippocratic oath2 defined morally acceptable conduct Medicine with duties in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. towards patients, considered duties to patients and His professorial colleague was William Cullen, and they referred to priestly vows and sacred art. Gregory’s came to an arrangement of giving a course of lectures on thinking was more than an appendage to this. He pointed the theory and practice of medicine in alternate years.5,6 out that the feeling and opinion of the patient had been ignored, and in his writing went on to discuss most other EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE aspects of ethics and clinical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • A Physiological Definition of Style: Science, Religion, and Women’S Writings in the Early American Republic
    A PHYSIOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF STYLE: SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND WOMEN’S WRITINGS IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC BY HEATHER BLAIN VORHIES DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Peter Mortensen, Chair Professor Robert Markley Associate Professor Ned O’Gorman Associate Professor Ted Underwood Abstract The world of the early American Republic was surprisingly inter-connected: ideas, people, and text traveled in the name of Christianity. This curious combination of rhetoric and science in the service of God during the early American Republic is the heart of my dissertation project. My dissertation brings together early American evangelical Protestantism, Enlightenment rhetoric, and Benjamin Rush’s physiological psychology in an analysis of transatlantic religious writing, speaking, and reading practices in the Atlantic world. Using Methodist women's spiritual journals, copybooks, and correspondence as my primary sources, I argue that the mental experience of persuasion is in fact a bodily one. I thereby question current assumptions about Enlightenment rhetoric, namely that it fostered no real changes or improvements to rhetorical theory. I contend that Enlightenment rhetoric did indeed effect deep changes in rhetorical theory. Based on evidence of the early American Republic’s understanding of Enlightenment rhetorical and scientific theory, we can see 1) rhetoric as epistêmê, or a system of knowledge, rather than technê, skills or craft, 2) a deeply body-dependent concept of the mind that comes to light in evangelical Protestantism’s practice of enthusiasm, and therefore, 3) a canon of style that was essential (and continues to be essential) to cognition.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Medical Ethics, Benevolent Lies, and the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain
    HEALING POWERS; AN EXAMINATION OF MEDICAL ETHICS, BENEVOLENT LIES, AND THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN Rosa Dale-Moore University of Puget Sound Honors Thesis April 18, 2016 Dale-Moore 2 Healing Powers; An Examination of Medical Ethics, Benevolent Lies, and The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain Medical ethics is an applied philosophy. It rests upon the back of medical practice, and relies on the doctor-patient relationship for practical use. Therefore, an understanding of that complex relationship between physician and patient is crucial to a deep interpretation of any codified medical ethics. The doctor-patient relationship during the eighteenth-century in Britain was influenced by many factors, including deep power and education imbalances between doctors and patients, as well as the use of that power by physicians over their patients. This paper will discuss foundational thought for the practice of medical ethics in the context of Dr. Thomas Percival, a physician in late eighteenth century Britain, and his work in which he introduced a code of medical ethics in an attempt to correct the imbalance of values used by physicians in their medical practices and to codify medical ethics as a practice in the Manchester Infirmary. Dr. Percival’s writing illuminates many aspects of common medical practice in Manchester during this time, including the procedure of benevolent lies, a technique which involved the choice of a physician to not inform patients of their conditions because doing so would harm them emotionally more than it would help them intellectually. The use of such deceptions between late eighteenth-century doctors and patients was indicative of the power structures between physician and patient in late eighteenth-century Britain, and stemmed from the educational background of many Scottish physicians, from inequalities of wealth and status between physicians and patients, and the related knowledge and power discrepancies inevitable in the doctor-patient relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • A Question to Society: “Whether the Art of Medicine As It Has Been Usually Practiced Has Contributed to the Advancement of Mankind” Kayla Wiles | Furman University
    A Question to Society: “Whether the Art of Medicine as it Has Been Usually Practiced Has Contributed to the Advancement of Mankind” Kayla Wiles | Furman University Prior to the medical and public health revolutions of the nineteenth century, Scotland’s rudimentary health- care system consisted of little more than corrupted physicians, overcrowded hospitals, and ineffective treatments for a small percentage of the population. In his written abstract to the Aberdeen Philosophical Society, Dr. John Gregory attributes these problems to a flawed Scottish medical education. This abstract formed the basis of Gregory’s larger publications which introduced the concept of bioethics to Britain. My study analyzes how Gregory uses a rhetoric of sensibility to characterize the proponents and barriers to medical advancement. Analyzing Gregory’s abstract contributes to our understanding of how the Scottish Enlightenment provided venues for medical professionals to critique society and define rhetoric of the era. It is November 8, 1763. John Gregory rises this question to the Society on July 12, 1762, from his seat at the Red Lion1 and gazes but would not present his written response casually at a handful of colleagues, all of until almost a year and a half later (Ulman whom have put their drinks aside so as to 119, 193). give their undivided attention to the Whether anyone spoke after Gregory on speaker. Gregory then voices a question to November 8 is unclear in the Society’s min- be considered just for that meeting of utes, which only note that Gregory inserted Aberdeen’s Philosophical Society: “Whether his abstract in the “Question Book” on the art of medicine as it has been usually December 13, 1763 (Ulman, Table A-7).
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of Scottish Common Sense Philosophy
    SCOTTISH COMMON SENSE PHILOSOPHY Sources and Origins Volume 5 Edited and Introduced by James Fieser University of Tennessee at Martin THOEMMES Scottish Common Sense Philosophy: Sources and Origins A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SCOTTISH Edited and Introduced by James Fieser University of Tennessee at Martin, USA COMMON SENSE PHILOSOPHY Volume 1 James Oswald, An Appeal to Common Sense in Behalf of Religion (1766–1772) Volume 2 James Beattie, An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth (1770) Volumes 3 and 4 Early Responses to Reid, Oswald, Beattie and Stewart Volume 5 A Bibliography of Scottish Common Sense Philosophy Edited with a Preface by James Fieser University of Tennessee at Martin THOEMMES PRESS First published by Thoemmes Press, 2000 Thoemmes Press 11 Great George Street Bristol BS1 5RR, England Thoemmes Press US Office CONTENTS 22883 Quicksilver Drive Sterling, Virginia 20166, USA Editor’s Preface vii http://www.thoemmes.com 1. John Abercrombie (1780–1844) 1 2. James Beattie (1735–1803) 10 Scottish Common Sense Philosophy: Sources and Origins 5 Volumes : ISBN 1 85506 825 7 3. Thomas Brown (1778–1820) 34 4. George Campbell (1719–1796) 41 © James Fieser, 2000 5. James Dunbar (1742–1798) 56 6. David Fordyce (1711–1751) 58 7. Alexander Gerard (1728–1795) 62 8. William Hamilton (1788–1856) 66 9. Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782) 78 10. James Oswald (1703–1793) 97 11. Thomas Reid (1710–1796) 102 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data 12. Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) 123 A CIP record of this title is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • John Gregory's Medical Ethics and the Reform of Medical Practice In
    J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2006; 36:86–92 PAPER © 2006 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh John Gregory’s medical ethics and the reform of medical practice in eighteenth-century Edinburgh LB McCullough Professor of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Centre for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA ABSTRACT John Gregory (1724–73) wrote the first modern, professional medical Correspondence to LB McCullough, ethics in the English language, appearing as Lectures on the Duties and Centre for Medical Ethics and Qualifications of a Physician in 1772. This paper examines Gregory’s medical ethics Health Policy, Baylor College of as a blend of modern methods of medical science and ethics with premodern Medicine, One Baylor Plaza ideas. The paper begins by situating Gregory’s medical ethics in the context of Houston, Texas TX 77030, USA both private medical practice and the care of patients at the Royal Infirmary of tel. +713 (0)798 3505 Edinburgh, focusing on the crisis of intellectual and moral trust that prompted Gregory to lecture and write on medical ethics. Drawing on the modern methods fax. +713 (0)798 5678 of Francis Bacon’s philosophy of medicine, and David Hume’s science of morals, Gregory bases his medical ethics on the complementary capacities of openness to e-mail [email protected] conviction and sympathy. His moral exemplars of the virtues of candour, steadiness, and tenderness were women of learning and virtue, reflecting the pre- modern idea of chivalry in the life of service to the sick. KEYWORDS Candour,John Gregory (1724–73), medical ethics, medical profession, sympathy.
    [Show full text]