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Community-Based Care for Older Persons Implications from China, Korea and Vietnam

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Community-Based Care for Older Persons Implications from China, Korea and Vietnam Community-based Care for Older Persons Implications from China, Korea and Vietnam The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Community-based Care for Older Persons Implications from China, South Korea, and Vietnam Community-based Care for Older Persons: Implications from China, Korea, and Vietnam Published in 2019 by The Sasakawa Peace Foundation The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Bldg. 1-15-16 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8524, Japan Phone: +81-3-5157-5430 Fax: +81-3-5157-5420 URL: https://www.spf.org/ All rights reserved Copyrights © The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Table of Contents Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................v Preface and Acknowledgements .............................................................................................vi Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Informal Care Program in Shanghai, China ........................................................7 1. Case 1: Si Tang Jian .............................................................................................................7 1.1. Background .................................................................................................................7 1.2. The Government-subsidized Si Tang Jian in Dongfeng-cun .......................................9 1.3. Privately-sector-assisted Si Tang Jian in Lvqiao-cun ...............................................12 1.4. Privately-operated Si Tang Jian in Xixiao-cun .........................................................15 1.5. Program Evaluation ...................................................................................................17 1.6. Challenges .................................................................................................................21 1.7. Lessons.......................................................................................................................22 2. Case 2: Senior Buddy Program ..........................................................................................24 2.1. Background ................................................................................................................24 2.2. Services provision ......................................................................................................26 2.3. Survey of the Program ..............................................................................................28 2.4. Program Evaluation .................................................................................................30 2.5. Challenges ..................................................................................................................31 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................32 References .................................................................................................................................33 Chapter 2 Elderly-elderly Care Program in South Korea ..................................................35 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................35 1. Policy Measures and Exercises ..........................................................................................36 1.1. Social Protection—Long-term Care Insurance and Dolbom (care) Services ............36 1.2. Older Persons’ Poverty and the Elderly Workforce Project .......................................39 1.3. Older Persons’ Employment and Social Participation and Community’s Involvement ........................................................................................40 1.4. The Elderly-elderly Care Program .............................................................................41 2. Case Study: “Elderly-elderly Care Program” of the Yangsan City Senior Welfare Center Programs in Gyeongsangnam Province .............................................................................43 2.1. Overviews of the Community ....................................................................................44 2.2. Organizing Body and Users .......................................................................................47 2.3. Services of the “Elderly-elderly Care Program” ........................................................48 iii 2.4. The Key to Successful Program Operation ................................................................51 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................53 References .................................................................................................................................54 Chapter 3 The Wolgye Social Welfare Center’s “Beautiful Neighbors” Program ...........57 1. Backgrounds: Korean Society and General Social Welfare Centers ..................................57 1.1. Super Rapid Ageing Population, Undeveloped Social Security System and Promising Community-based Welfare .......................................................................57 1.2. General Social Welfare Centers and Informal/Formal Welfare Service ....................58 2. “Beautiful Neighbors” Program .........................................................................................59 2.1. Overview of the Operation Area ................................................................................59 2.2. Mechanism of the “Beautiful Neighbors” Program ...................................................60 2.3. Development of the Program .....................................................................................63 3. The Significances of the “Beautiful Neighbors” Program and Suggestions .....................64 3.1. The Catalyst for the Program .....................................................................................64 3.2. Lessons Learned from the “Beautiful Neighbors” Program .......................................64 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................65 References .................................................................................................................................66 Chapter 4 Model of Care for Older Persons: the Case of Vietnam ....................................68 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................68 1. Background Information of the Country ............................................................................69 2. Two Models of Community-based Care for Older Persons in Vietnam .............................71 2.1. Case 1: Intergenerational Self-Help Club #2 .............................................................72 2.2. Case 2: Dieu Vien Pagoda’s Elderly Home ...............................................................77 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................82 References .................................................................................................................................83 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................86 iv Foreword Foreword How can we care for the unprecedented growing number of older persons in our society? Population ageing has become a pressing issue for both developed and developing coun- tries across the world. Asia is no exception. Asia is experiencing an unprecedented demographic transition in human history, and the transition is set to continue. The fast pace of ageing in Asia is a particularly great concern not only for caretakers and caregivers but also for policymakers and practitioners in East and Southeast Asia. This report attempts to look at how older persons live and how they are supported in rapidly ageing countries in Asia from the perspective of community-based activities and active ageing. Our preliminary research has revealed that there is no clear, established definition of formal vs. informal support in Asian countries. Based on this observation, this report has looked carefully at selected communities’ situations and practices in China, South Korea, and Vietnam, and has found that community-based activities play a critical role in supporting older persons in the community in collaboration with various stakeholders, such as governments, the public and private sectors, and community members. Moreover, the report highlights a new trend: it is becoming increasingly difficult to respond to older persons’ needs due to limited public finances for a social protection system and labor force shortages. And as a result, older persons themselves are playing ever more important roles in caring for other older persons. We believe that this report offers innovative suggestions that may allow not only Asia but also the rest of the world to develop measures to deal with population ageing and support older populations. Furthermore, we hope that this report will stimulate a dialogue on the further development of care for older persons in Asia and beyond and the instrumental role played by older persons themselves in securing the necessary care
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