Songpa District Health Profile Ⅰ. Introduction to Songpa District 1. History of Songpa District 2. Location and Climate 3. Population 4. Administrative Organization 5. Public Health Center
Ⅱ. General Health Level 1. Mortality 2. Disease Development 3. Obesity 4. Health Concern 5. Other Health Problems
Ⅲ. Health Awareness and Lifestyle 1. Smoking 2. Drinking 3. Diet 4. Weight Control 5. Exercise
Ⅳ. Use of Medical Service 1. Patients with Chronic Disease 2. Medical Check-Up 3. Cancer Test
Ⅴ. Physical and Social Environment 1. Physical Environment 2. Social and Economic Environment
Ⅵ. Public Health and Medical Service 1. Medical Service 2. Public Health Center Ⅰ Introduction to Songpa District
1. History of Songpa District
In old days, Songpa was the capital of Hanseong Baekje 2,000 years ago. In modern days, it proudly hosted the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Songpa is a good place to live where traditional and modern cultures harmoniously exist together.
It is believed that the name of Songpa dates back to even before the Goryeo Dynasty and it means a hill with pine trees (Song means a pine tree and Pa means a hill). Due to its location along the Han River, Songpa was the place where Neolithic men lived in prehistoric age. Later, as an ancient nation was built, Songpa was a place for living for the people of Gojoseon and it was the capital of Baekje for about 493 years from the founder, King Onjo to 21st King Gaero.
Jamsil is the name given by a command of King Sejong of the Chosun Dynasty. Mulberry trees were planted in current Jamsil area and called “Dongjamsil”. Songpa ferry in Seokchon Lake was an important place for traffic and commerce connected to Hanseong, Chungcheong-do and Gyeongsang- do for 1,000 years from Goryeo to Chosun; Songpa marketplace was one of the 15 major marketplaces in Chosun as a regular marketplace as opposed to 5-day marketplace.
With an introduction of local government system in January 1, 1988, Songpa District was separated from Gangdong District and formed into 18 administrative dongs (14 statutory dongs). Today, Songpa District has 27 administrative dongs and 14 statutory dongs. Exhibit 1-1. View of Songpa District
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2. Location and Climate
Situated in Seoul at longitude 127 degrees east and latitude 37 degrees north, Songpa District is adjacent to Gangdong District, Hanam City in the east, Seongnam City in the west, and Gwangjin District in the north. Surrounded by Han River, Seongnaecheon, Tancheon, Cheonma Mountain, and Namhan Mountain, Songpa has abundant green area and parks such as Seokchon lake located at the center.
Dobong District
Nowon District Gangbuk District Eunpyeong District Seongbuk District Jongno District Jungnang District Seodaemun District Dongdaemun District Gangseo District Jung District Gangdong District Mapo District Seongdong District Gwangjin District Yongsan District Yangcheon District Yeongdeungpo District Songpa District Dongjak District Guro District Gangnam District
Seocho District Gwanak District Geumcheon District
Exhibit 1-2. Location of Songpa District in Seoul
With four seasons, the weather is characterized by high temperature and humidity in summer and low temperature and dryness in winter. Annual average temperature of Songpa District is 12.1℃, lower than that of 13.06℃ nationwide. While average annual precipitation is 1,682mm, mostly concentrated in summer and autumn, the area is affected by Typhoon 2~3 times a year, triggered by the tropical low atmospheric pressure in the southwest part of the northern Pacific Ocean.
Songpa District Health profile 15 Ⅰ Introduction to Songpa District
3. Population
(1) Total Population
• The population of Songpa District stands at 629,686 persons as of March, 2008, with 310,338 males and 319,348 females, respectively. Songpa District has the highest population in 25 Districts in Seoul with population density of 18,580 persons per 1㎢. • Due to apartment reconstruction project of Jamsil area starting from 2003, the number of residents of Songpa has decreased for now. However, with the completion of a number of projects including Jamsil low density apartment reconstruction project by 2012, Songpa New Town project and Geoyeo-Macheon New Town project, going forward, the population is expected to grow up to approximately 1 million persons.
Exhibit 1-3. Population Trend by Year (Source : Songpa District Statistics, 2008)
• The largest population is occupied by a 25~29 age group for both gender with 29,918(9.64%) males, and 32,555(10.19%) females, followed by 35~39 age group with 28,373(9.14%) for male and 45~49 age group with 30,145(9.44%) for female. The population distribution by age group demonstrates the shape of a gourd bottle in which teenaged and middle and upper aged groups are dominant compared to those under age 10 and above 65 age.
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Exhibit 1-4. Population Distribution By Gender (Source : Songpa District Statistics, 2008)
• The population of 65 and above grew rapidly by 45% from 29,591 in 1999 to 42,766 in 2008.
Exhibit 1-5. Trend of Old Population (Source : Songpa District Statistics, 2008)
• In terms of the population distribution by dong, Ogeum-dong has the largest population with 39,611 persons (6.3%), followed by Garak2-dong with 36,524 persons (5.8%). Songpa2-dong has the highest population density with 44,005 perons/㎢ among other dongs in Songpa District.
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Exhibit 1-6. Population by Dong (Source : Songpa District Statistics, 2008)
(2) Population Trend
• The birthrate in Songpa District is reducing constantly since 2000 where 5,326 babies were born in 2006, while no significant change in mortality rate where 1,849 persons died in 2006.
Exhibit 1-7. Birth and Death by Year (Source : Songpa District statistics, 2007)
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• In 2006, a total of 4,213 couples married and 1,403 couples divorced. The number of marriages decreased from 2000 to 2004, and started to increase again from 2005. Although the number of divorces grew since 2000, it is falling from 2004.
Exhibit 1-8. Marriage and Divorce by Year (Source : Songpa District Statistics, 2007)
4. Administrative Organization
(1) Administrative Organization
• District Office: 6 bureaus, 1 audit officer, 28 divisions, 28 dongs, 1 public health center (3 divisions), 1 District assembly
Exhibit 1-9. Administrative Organization of Songpa District Office (Source : Internal data, 2008)
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• Personnel: 1,467 persons(1,014 in District office, 88 in public health centers, 337 Dong offices and 28 in District Assembly )
(2) Budget
326,802 Million Won(295,208million Won of ordinary budget and 31,594million Won of extraordinary budget)
(3) Symbol of Songpa
Symbol Oval shapes in different sizes form a pine tree; perspective ovals represent vitality, dynamic energy and prosperity of Songpa District. 5 ovals that form the pine tree represent 5 rings of Olympics to promote its pride of hosting Olympics. Blue and green suggest eco-friendly message that “Songpa District is clean and comfortable environment to live in”.
Sori Pine Tree Sori represents international, Songpa District is a town of green young and energetic Songpa pine trees and fresh, clean water District in Seoul in the 21st century. from the river.
Golden-bell Tree Pigeon A golden-bell tree represents Pigeons are friends of the Sonpa surrounded by wall of residents’ and a symbol of peace Namhansanseong. The golden-bell and harmony. trees have been believed to signal spring and good news.
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5. Public Health Center
(1) Organization
Exhibit 1-10. Organization Chart of Songpa District Public Health Center (Source : Songopa District Internal Data, 2008)
(2) Personnel
• Personnel: 88 employees (1 director, 17 administrative staffs, 11 health staffs, 7 doctors, 21 nurses, 4 pharmacists, 12 medical engineers, 15 medical technologists and 15 technicians).
(3) Budget
• The budget of Songpa District health center tripled from approximately 3.2 billion Won in 2000 to roughly 9.2 billion Won in 2006. Particularly, the budget for public health promotion has significantly increased since 2005 as a result of expanded national subsidy in order to support a public health project.
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(4) Major Projects
Major Projects Activities
► Exercise - Exercise promotion - Environment creation for exercise - Exercise program for residents ► Nutrition - For pregnancy and breast-feeding(Happy 12) - Must eat breakfast(Good Morning 1388) - Children obesity prevention (Eat fit, Play Outdoor) - Adult obesity prevention (keep a healthy level of weight) - Training for patient with chronic disease 1. Health Promotion Program - Nutrition for older people - Good meal menu exhibit ► Anti-smoking - Anti-smoking facility supervision and monitoring - Anti-smoking environment creation - Anti-smoking training program - Anti-smoking promotion and advertising - Anti-smoking clinic operations ► Enhanced drinking culture(Sobriety) - Controlled drinking training - Controlled drinking promotion
► Support for medical expenses to cure rare and incurable disease ► Support for expense for home nursing ► Support for cancer patients ► Support for sterility couples ► Providing helpers for new born baby and mother 2. Under privileged Support Program ► Support of medical expenses for premature baby and baby with congenital disease ► Support of medical expense for vertical infection of Hepatitis B ► Artificial teeth dental prosthesis for elderly ► Cavity care ► Support of medicine for old people aged 65 and above
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Major Projects Activities
► Infant and child registration
3. Infant and Child Health ► Infant and child health check up Care ► Infant and child growth and development screening test ► Congenital metabolic abnormalities checkup and sick child care
► Pregnancy care 4. Maternity Care Program ► Health care after delivery ► Maternity depression treatment
5. Chronic Disease Patient ► High blood pressure care Care ► Diabetes care
► Early screening of cancer 6. National Cancer Care ► Care of cancer patient at home
► Women health college 7. Adult Health Care ► Senior citizen academy ► Health “Jikimi” project
► Songpa mental health care center 8. Mental Health Care ► Alzheimer counseling center ► Sarangbang for happiness
► Oral health care for kids - Visit education for kids - Kids tooth brushing class ► Oral care week campaign 9. Oral Health Care - Healthy teeth kid contest - Painting contest and exhibition - Oral health care campaign ► “Keep your teeth healthy until 100 of age ” Education program
Songpa District Health profile 23 Ⅰ Introduction to Songpa District
Major Projects Activities
► Vaccination - Vaccination project - SMS messaging project ► Chronic infectious disease care - Tuberculosis 10. Infectious Disease Care - Venereal disease - AIDS prevention ► Acute infectious disease care - Disinfection and sterilization - Monitoring system in operation
► Supervise and medical institutions ► Supervise pharmacy ► Control drugs - Supervise and control drug dealing establishment 11. Medicine Management - Advertise drug misuse and abuse prevention - Educate juveniles about drug misuse and abuse ► Manage emergency medical treatment - Enhance emergency treatment service at medical institutions and pharmacies during holiday - Educate on rescue and first aid
► Internal medicine - Primary treatment focusing on chronic disease ► Oriental medicine 12. Medical Treatment and ► Dental care Exam for Songpa Residents ► Physical therapy ► Radiation therapy ► Clinical pathology
► Medical checkup for adult disease ► Cancer market test ► Premium health club membership 13. Health Promotion Center ► Medical checkup for elderly ► Medical checkup for riot police ► Medical checkup at critical life stage
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1. Mortality
(1) Total mortality
• Based on 2000 census population, the mortality rate of Songpa District, Seoul and nation are compared by gender and age standard. • Standardized mortality rate of Songpa District in 2004 is 340.3 per 100,000 persons, which is lower than that of Seoul(373.4 persons). The standardized total mortality rate between 1999~2004 reduced by 16.5%, 16.9% in Songpa District and Seoul, respectively.
Exhibit 2-1. Standardized Total Mortality Rate of Songpa District, Seoul and Korea (Male and Female) (Source : National Stats Office, Annual Report on Cause of Death 2000, 2005)
• The standardized total mortality of male population in Songpa District in 2004 is 351.2 per 100,000 persons, which is lower than that of Seoul (397.1 persons). The standardized total mortality of male between 1999~2004 reduced by 21.7%, 18.9% in Songpa District and Seoul, respectively.
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Exhibit 2-2. Standardized Total Mortality Rate of Songpa District, Seoul and Korea (Male) (Source : Stats Office, Annual Report on Cause of Death 2000, 2005)
• The standardized total mortality of female population in Songpa District in 2004 is 327.2 per 100,000 persons, which is lower than that of Seoul (344.7 persons). The standardized total mortality of female between 1999~2004 rose by 23.7% in Songpa District while falling by 16.2% in Seoul.
Exhibit 2-3. Standardized Total Mortality Rate of Songpa District, Seoul and Korea (Female) (Source : Stats Office, Annual Report on Cause of Death 2000, 2005)
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• The standardized total mortality of male of Songpa District between 1999~2004 fell by 21.7% while that of female rose by 23.7%.
Exhibit 2-4. Standardized Total Mortality Rate of Songpa District (Source : National Stats Office, Annual Report on Cause of Death 2000, 2005)
(2) Cause of Death
• The 3 biggest reasons for death in Songpa District in 2004 are cancer, cerebrovascular disease and heart disease, representing more than 50% of the death (51.8%). In particular, cancer accounts for 29.5%, higher than that in Seoul. Although the 3 biggest reasons for death in Seoul is same as those of Songpa District, the proportion is slightly lower (50.8%) than those of Songpa District. The proportion of 3 biggest reasons for death in Songpa District in 2004 was higher than those in 1999(46.8%).
• The 10 biggest reasons of death of Songpa District in 2004 include suicide, transportation accident and accidental fall. Although a suicide in Songpa District ranked the same level as that of Seoul, the proportion was smaller than that of Seoul. A transportation accident in Songpa District ranked higher than that of Seoul, while the proportion was higher than that of Seoul. An accidental fall in Songpa District ranked higher than that of Seoul, while the proportion is the same as that of Seoul.
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Table 2-1. Number of the dead in Sonpa District, Seoul and Nation (Total, 2004) (Persons, %)
Songpa District Seoul Nationwide Death Proportion Death Proportion Death Proportion Cancer 546 29.5 10,588 28.0 64,731 26.3
Cerebrovascular 272 14.7 5,610 14.8 34,091 13.9 disease
Heart disease 140 7.6 3,042 8.0 17,915 7.3
Suicide 84 4.5 1,887 5.0 11,523 4.7
Diabetes 64 3.5 1,553 4.1 11,768 4.8
Liver disease 58 3.1 1,343 3.5 9,272 3.8
Transportation 54 2.9 852 2.2 8,333 3.4 accident
Chronic lower respiratory 34 1.8 907 2.4 8,378 3.4 diseases
Accidental fall 34 1.8 690 1.8 3,358 1.4
Pneumonia 29 1.6 693 1.8 3,512 1.4
High blood 24 1.3 691 1.8 5,036 2.0 pressure
Respiratory 19 1.0 460 1.2 2,780 1.1 tuberculosis
Total 1,849 100.0 37,871 100.0 245,771 100.0
Source: National Statistical Service. Annual Report on Cause of Death. 2005.
2. Disease Development
(1) Prevalence Rate
• Major chronic diseases perceived by the patient in Songpa District are occupied by high blood pressure with 44.8 per 1000 persons, followed by arthritis with 29.5 per 1000 persons. Both figures are slightly lower than that of Seoul (49.8 persons for high blood pressure and 31.4 persons for arthritis).
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Exhibit 2-5. Prevalence Rate of Disease Perceived by Patient (Persons/1,000 Persons) (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• According to health index survey for Seoul citizens, the prevalence rate of major chronic diseases including high pressure disease, diabetes, and arthritis are rising, but still remain lower than that of Seoul. However, the prevalence rate of hyperlipemia, asthma, and tuberculosis is higher than that of Seoul.
Exhibit 2-6. Prevalence Rate of Disease Among Seoul Citizens by Year (Persons/1,000 Persons) (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 29 Ⅱ General Health Level
Exhibit 2-7. Comparison of Chronic Disease Prevalence Rate between Seoul and Songpa District (Persons/1,000Persons) (Source : Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
(2) Cancer
• According to the “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of standardized cancer of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have lower prevalence rate than that of Seoul and its neighboring Districts while the females have higher than that of its neighboring Districts and same as that of Seoul.
Exhibit 2-8. Standardized Prevalence Rate of Cancer Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
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(3) Cerebrovascular Disease
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of standardized cerebrovascular disease of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have the lower rate than that of Seoul and Gangnam District and higher than that of Seocho District. On the other hand, the females have lower than that of Seocho District and higher than that of Gangnam District.
Exhibit 2-9. Standardized Prevalence Rate of Cerebrovascular Disease Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
(4) Ischemic Heart Disease
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of ischemic heart disease of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have higher than that of Seoul and Seocho District and lower than that of Gangnam District, while the females have lower than that of Seoul and its neighboring Districts.
Songpa District Health profile 31 Ⅱ General Health Level
Exhibit 2-10. Standardized Prevalence Rate of Ischemic Heart Disease Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
(5) High Blood Pressure
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of standardized high blood pressure of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have higher than that of Seoul and Seocho District, and same as that of Gangnam District. The females have the same level as its neighboring Districts and Seoul.
Exhibit 2-11. Standardized Prevalence Rate of High Blood Pressure Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
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• “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” conducted in 2006 shows that the prevalence rate of high blood pressure diagnosed by a doctor stands at 1.4% between 20 and 29 of age and 35.4% for 60 and above. This demonstrates that the prevalence rate of high blood pressure increases with age.
2-12. Prevalence Rate of High Blood Pressure Diagnosed by Doctor by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• The prevalence rate of high blood pressure diagnosed by a doctor is 13.7% among males, more than double compared to that of females with 6.3%.
Exhibit 2-13. Prevalence Rate of High Blood Pressure Diagnosed by Doctor by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 33 Ⅱ General Health Level
(6) Diabetes
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of standardized diabetes of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have higher than that of Seoul and Seocho District and same as that of Gangnam District. On the other hand, the females have lower than that of Seoul, same as that of Gangnam District and higher than that of Seocho District.
Exhibit 2-14. Standardized Prevalence Rate of Diabetes Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” conducted in 2006 shows that the prevalence rate of diabetes diagnosed by a doctor stands at 0.9% between 20 and 29 and 18.6% for 60 and above. This demonstrates that the prevalence rate of diabetes increases with age.
Exhibit 2-15 Prevalence Rate of Diabetes Diagnosed by Doctor by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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• The prevalence rate of diabetes diagnosed by a doctor is 7.7% among males and 2.4% among females. The prevalence rate of diabetes for males more than triples that of females.
Exhibit 2-16. Prevalence Rate of Diabetes Diagnosed by Doctor by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(7) Hyperlipemia
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, the prevalence rate of standardized hyperlipemia of Songpa District demonstrates that the males have higher than that of Seoul and Seocho District and lower than that of Gangnam District. Females have higher than that of its neighboring Districts and Seoul.
Exhibit 2-17. Standardized Prevalence Rate of Hyperlipemia Perceived by Patient (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 35 Ⅱ General Health Level
• “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” conducted in 2006 shows that the prevalence rate of hyperlipemia diagnosed by a doctor stands at 0.9% between 20 and 29, and 9.7% for 60 and above. The prevalence rate of hyperlipemia increases with age.
Exhibit 2-18. Prevalence Rate of Hyperlipemia Diagnosed by Doctor by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• The prevalence rate of hyperlipemia diagnosed by a doctor is 4.1% for males and 2.4% for females. The prevalence of hyperlipemia among males is higher than that of females.
Exhibit 2-19. Prevalence Rate of Hyperlipemia Diagnosed by Doctor by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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3. Obesity
• Obesity of male Songpa District residents (BMI 25 and above) is 17.9%, higher than that of its neighboring districts and Seoul. The female residents have lower obesity than that of Seoul and Gangnam District and higher than that of Seocho District.
Exhibit 2-20. Obesity Comparison (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• The obesity is 7.4% between 20-29 and 19.5% for 60 and above. Although older aged people are generally more obese than younger people, the obesity does not consistently increase with age.
Exhibit 2-21. Obesity by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 37 Ⅱ General Health Level
• By gender, the obesity of males is 21.0% while that of females is 6.5%.
Exhibit 2-22. Obesity by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
4. Health Concern
(1) Subjective Health Awareness
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, there are less male respondents residing in Songpa District who said “I am very healthy or fairly healthy compare to those in my age” than those of Seoul and Seocho District. For the same questionnaire, there are more female respondents in Songpa District than those of Seoul and Gangnam District, less than those of Seocho District.
Exhibit 2-23. Self-perceived Health Condition (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
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• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” conducted in 2006, the respondents who said they are very healthy or healthy occupy 71.6% between 20~29 and 51.3% for 60 and above, demonstrating the decreasing trend with age.
Exhibit 2-24. Self-perceived Health Condition by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• There are more males who responded they are very healthy or healthy than females (58.0% versus 52.4%).
Exhibit 2-25. Self-perceived Health Condition by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(2) How to Keep Healthy
• The most popular way to keep healthy is doing exercise (such as walking) with 36.4%, followed by having a good rest with 13.5%, a healthy diet and weight control with 11.2%.
Songpa District Health profile 39 Ⅱ General Health Level
Exhibit 2-26. How to Keep Healthy (%) (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
5. Other Health Problems
(1) Depression
• According to depression test based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 16.4% of the respondents said they experience a mild symptom, 11.4% for a moderate symptom and 5.0% for a severe depression.
Exhibit 2-27. Depression by Degree and Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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Exhibit 2-28. Depression by Degree and Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(2) Menopause
• A study of menopause symptoms based on Menopause Specific Quality of Life(MENQOL) among 40~65 of age shows that the most frequent symptoms are observed in the order of physical, psychosocial, sexual and vasomotor area.
Exhibit 2-29. MENQOL Distribution among Menopaused Women Aged 40~65 (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(3) Enlarged Prostate
• According to a study of enlarged prostate symptoms based on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) for 40 and above aged males, mild symptoms are decreasing with age while moderate and severe symptoms are rather increasing with age.
Songpa District Health profile 41 Ⅱ General Health Level
Exhibit 2-30. International Enlarged Prostate Score Distribution among Men aged 40 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
42 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
1. Smoking
(1) Smoking Rate
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, smoking rate (those who smoke everyday or every now and then) is 21.5%. The male smoking rate of Songpa District is lower than that of Seoul and Gangnam District and higher than that of Seocho District. Female smoking rate is the same as that of Seoul, lower than that of Gangnam District and higher than that of Seocho District.
Exhibit 3-1. Smoking Rate Comparison (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” conducted in 2006 shows that 27.7% of the respondents aged 20 and above is smokers. More specifically, the smoking rate is 31.5% between 20~29 and 19.5% for 60 and above. The smoking rate is decreasing with age. • “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” in 2005 was conducted for 19 and above while “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006 was for 20 and above. The current smoking rate has risen to 27.7% in 2006 up from 21.5% in 2005. • The proportion of ex-smokers among those who have ever smoked is 30.5% and 21.7% for males and females, respectively.
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Exhibit 3-2. Smoking Rate by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• The current smoking rate is 56.6% and 3.3% for male and female, respectively.
Exhibit 3-3. Smoking Rate by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
(2) Anti-smoking
• According to study of stage of change for quitting smoking, 7.1% of the current smokers are prepared to stop smoking within 1 month, 13.5% is planning to quit smoking within 6 months and 79.1% is in pre-planning stage with an intention to quit someday, which suggests that anti-smoking effort is required for those who are in pre-planning stage.
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• Smokers aged 50-59 occupy the largest portion in the preparation and planning stage, followed by 20~29, 40-49, 60 and above and 30-39.
Exhibit 3-4. Anti-smoking Behavior Stage by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• The reasons for quitting or attempting to quit smoking differ among age group. The older they get, the more respondents pointed at self-awareness for a worsening health condition as a reason for anti-smoking. Those who quit or attempted to quit smoking because of the health concerns for the people around them are observed most in 30-39 of age, presumably those are among who raise children.
Exhibit 3-5. Reason for Need to Quit Smoking by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 45 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
2. Drinking
• Among 20 and above aged people who have a drinking experience , 35.4% said once or less than once a month, 42.5% is 2~4 times a month, 15.9% is 2~3 times a week, 3.8% is 4 times or more a week, and 2.5% is almost everyday. • The survey result shows that the frequency of drinking is increasing with age, which is quite opposite to smoking rate. By taking into account the relation between drinking frequency and work, it is necessary to select the right target site of a campaign against excessive drinking.
Exhibit 3-6. Frequency of Drinking by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• For male respondents, 6.7% drinks 4 times or more a week, and 4.6% drinks almost everyday, while the same is 0.7%, and 0.2%, respectively for female respondents.
Exhibit 3-7. Frequency of Drinking by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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• The excessive drinking population (the percentage of people who drink, once or more a week, 7 cups of Soju or 5 cans of beer for male and 5 cups of Soju and 3 cans of beers for female) is 7.9%, which is lower than Seoul and Gangnam District, and higher than that of Seocho District. The female excessive drinking population is higher than that of Seoul and Seocho District and lower than that of Gangnam District.
Exhibit 3-8. Excessive Drinking (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• Although high risk drinking is defined as drinking of 5 (or more) cups of Soju at least 3 times a week regardless of gender (National Health and Nutrition Research in 2001 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs), no clear agreement has been made. The study show that the high risk drinking accounts for 3.6% with an increasing trend with age.
Exhibit 3-9. High Risk Drinking by Age (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
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• The high risk drinking differs by gender with 7.5% and 0.4% for male and female, respectively.
Exhibit 3-10. High Risk Drinking by Gender (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• The screening of alcohol dependency using CAGE survey demonstrates that approximately 18% of the respondents require an additional diagnosis as they are suspected to have alcohol dependency. However, the proportion significantly differs by gender, with 30.6% and 7.1% for male and female, respectively.
Exhibit 3-11. Alcohol Dependency Suspect by Age (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
Exhibit 3-12. Alcohol Dependency Suspect by Gender (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006) 48 Chapter 3 Health Awareness and Lifestyle
3. Diet
(1) Regular Eating Habits
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 49.9% of the respondents eat 3 meals a day at regular intervals, 24.4% eat 3 meals a day but at random interval, 21.3% eat only 2 meals, and 4.4% eat meals irregularly in terms of frequency and time.
Exhibit 3-13. Regularity of Eating Habit (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• Regularity of eating habits differs by age. Those who eat 3 meals a day regularly account for 31.1% between 20~29 of age, 44.1% between 30-39, 53.6% between 40-49, 60.4% between 50-59, and 72.6% for 60 and above, demonstrating that the regular eating is growing with age. However, there appears no clear distinction of gender in eating regularity as 51.8% of male respondents and 48.3% female respondents said they eat 3 meals a day regularly.
Exhibit 3-14. Regularity of Eating Habit by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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Exhibit 3-15. Regularity of Eating Habit by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(2) Breakfast Skipping Rate
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, breakfast skipping rate (the proportion of days in which you have breakfast is 2 days or less for the past one week) is 49.5%, which is higher than its neighboring Districts and Seoul for both male and female.
Exhibit 3-16. Breakfast Skipping (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, the breakfast skipping rate of 20 and above is 24.6%, which is significantly deviated from the result of “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” in
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2005. The breakfast skipping rate by age group is 35.6% between 20-29, and 11.5% for 60 and above, showing that older people skip breakfast less. It is necessary to study more in-dept the reasons for skipping breakfast by relating to the age and work of the respondents. The breakfast skipping rate by gender is 21.0% and 27.7% for male versus female.
Exhibit 3-17. Breakfast Skipping by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
Exhibit 3-18. Breakfast Skipping by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 51 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
(3) Eating Out and Food Buying
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, the respondents of 20 and above who eat out 2~4 times a month occupy the largest portion, followed by once a month(25.5%), 1~3 times a week(16.0%), and rarely(11.0%).
Exhibit 3-19. Frequency of Eat-out (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 38.2% of the 20 and above respondents said they refer to nutrient facts when buying a processed food. Furthermore, there is a clear distinction in gender with 50.6%, and 23.6% for female and male, respectively.
Exhibit 3-20. Reading Nutritious Fact at Purchase of Processed Food (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
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Exhibit 3-21. Reading Nutritious Fact by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
(4) Diet Counseling and Education
• For the questionnaire “Do you have easy access to consultation or education on daily diets?”, only 13.7% of respondents said “yes”.
Exhibit 3-22. Access to Diet Counseling or Education (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents, 2006)
• For the questionnaire “Have you received consultation about daily diet while living in Songpa District?”, only 2.3% of the respondents said “yes”.
Exhibit 3-23. Experience with Diet Counseling or Education (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 53 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
4. Weight Control
(2) Weight Control
• The most popular way of weight control is exercise(52.8%), followed by a diet regimen or cut down of food intake(43.5%), supplementary diet product(2.1%). Although there appears no clear distinction of age, except for 30s, more respondents try to exercise to control weight, as they get older. Weight control method by gender is distinctive in which females control their diet far more than males.
Exhibit 3-24. Weight Control Method by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Exhibit 3-25. Weight Control Method by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
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5. Exercise
• 3.6% of Songpa District residents exercise (the percentage of people who have done exercise as much as sweat is produced and breathing is fast for at least 15 minutes, 3 times for the past one week). The study shows Songpa District residents exercise less than the counterparts of its neighboring Districts and Seoul.
Exhibit 3-26. Exercise Rate (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2006)
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, however, the figure has slightly risen. The research demonstrates that 19.7% of the respondents aged 20 and above exercise moderately for at least 20 minutes, 3 times a week (the physical activities including occupational activities that speeds up usual breath and pulsation such as tennis, volleyball, badminton, ping pong, swimming, yoga, aerobics, but excluding walking). But it is hard to judge which figure between 2005 and 2006 research is more reliable.
Songpa District Health profile 55 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
Exhibit 3-27. Exercise Rate by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Exhibit 3-28. Exercise Rate by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• The research shows that 5.3% of the respondents aged 20 and above exercise moderately for at least 30 minutes, 5 times a week (the physical activities including occupational activities that speeds up usual breath and pulsation such as tennis doubles, volleyball, badminton, ping pong, swimming, yoga, aerobics, but excluding walking). The data shows that people do less exercise as they get older and it falls to the lowest level of 3.5% between 30- 39.
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Exhibit 3-29. Moderate Exercise Practicing Rate by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• The research shows that males exercise more than females with 6.0% versus 4.7%.
Exhibit 3-30. Moderate Exercise Practicing Rate by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• The research demonstrates that 17.3% of the respondents aged 20 and above exercise intensively for at least 20 minutes, 3 times a week (the intense physical activities that significantly increase pulsation and heart beating including running, mountain climbing, soccer, basketball, tennis singles, squash). Although there appears no clear correlation between amount of exercise and age, it peaks between 50-59 of age(20.3%).
Songpa District Health profile 57 Ⅲ Health Awareness and Lifestyle
Exhibit 3-31. Intense Exercise Practicing Rate by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• The research shows that males exercise more than females with 21.2% versus 13.9%.
Exhibit 3-32. Intense Exercise Practicing Rate by Gender (Source : Study to Promote Health of Songpa District Residents, 2006)
58 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
1. Patients with Chronic Disease
(1) High Blood Pressure
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 93 respondents said they have high blood pressure, among which 72% said they take medicine on a regular basis, 12.9% said they take medicine when necessary and 15.1% said they take no medicine.
Exhibit 4-1. Medication of High Blood Pressure Patients (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• Among those 93 respondents, all of them said they take blood pressure at least once a year and more than half of them (57.0%) said they do so 1~2 times a month.
(2) Diabetes
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 45 respondents said they have diabetes, among which 75.6% said they take medication or insulin regularly, 4.4% said they take the same as necessary and 20.0% said they take no medicine or insulin at all.
Songpa District Health profile 59 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
Exhibit 4-2. Medication for Diabetes Patients (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• When those 45 diabetes patients are asked if they have received any kind of education at a medical institution such as hospital, clinic, or health center, more than half (51.1 %) said “no”.
Exhibit 4-3. Experience with Diabetes Care of Diabetes Patients (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
2. Medical Check-Up
(1) General Check-Up
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, 59.4% of males and 51.2% of female respondents said that they had a physical exam or medical checkup (excluding a prenatal screening) for the past 2 years. The figure for males is higher than that of Seoul and Gangnam
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District, and lower than that of Seocho District. The figure for female is higher than that of Seoul and lower than that of Gangnam District and Seocho District.
Exhibit 4-4. Medical Check-up for the Past 2 Years (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2005)
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 51.7% of the respondents said they had a medical check for the past 2 years. This figure is growing with age.
Exhibit 4-5. Medical Check-up Rate for the Past 2 Years by Age (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 61 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
• 56.5% of male respondents and 47.6% of female respondents have a had a check up.
Exhibit 4-6. Medical Check-up Rate for the Past 2 Years by Gender (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
(2) Type of Medical Check-Up
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, among those who had a medical check-up for the past 2 years, the most popular method of the check-up was as part of the public health insurance program(38.2%), followed by check-up at workplace(30.5%), personal check-up(24.4%). But what is noteworthy is that the respondents could find it difficult to distinguish between the medical checkup provided by the public health insurance and workplace.
Exhibit 4-7. Medical Checkup by Age and Type (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
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• The types of the medical checkups used differ by gender. The male respondents most frequently use individually paid check up while females use the one provided by the public health insurance program.
Exhibit 4-8. Medical Checkup by Gender and Type (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
(3) Reasons for Not Having Check-Up
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, the respondents have no medical checkup for the past 2 years because they have confident about their physical conditions (50.1%), they have no time to do so(22.3%), they have a financial issue(9.7%), they have had a checkup before(8.1%), and others(9.6%). • The “Others” above include the reasons as follows: they have not received a notice (3.2%), they are afraid of the result (2.2%), they thought young people were not eligible for checkup(1.4%), they are not particularly sick(1.2%), they do not trust the result(1.0%), they hate to go to hospital(0.2%), they think no proper cure will be available even if they are diagnosed(0.2%), and they do not too concern about their health(0.2%).
Songpa District Health profile 63 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
Exhibit 4-9. Reason for Not Having Medical Checkup (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
3. Cancer Test
(1) Stomach Cancer Test
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, 19.8% of the respondents (21.3%, 18.5% for males and females, respectively) said they had a cancer screening test. The figure of Songpa District is higher than that of Seoul for both sexes and lower than that of its neighboring Districts.
Exhibit 4-10. Stomach Cancer Test (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2005)
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• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 32.8% (36.0% and 30.2% for males and females, respectively) of the respondents aged 20 and above said they had a stomach cancer test for the past 2 years, which is higher than result of the “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005. • According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 42.9% of the respondents aged 40 and above said they had a stomach cancer test for the past 2 years, indicating that the test is more prevalent with age.
Exhibit 4-11. Stomach Cancer Test by Age among 40 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
• The research shows that more males had a stomach cancer test than females(44.8% versus 41.0%).
Exhibit 4-12. Stomach Cancer Test by Gender among 40 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 65 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
(2) Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Test
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, 28.6% and 41.5% of the respondents said they had a breast caner and cervical cancer screening for the past 2 years. Songpa District residents had the higher test rate than Seoul but lower than its neighboring Districts for both cancers.
Exhibit 4-13. Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Test (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2005)
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 34.9% and 43.3% of the respondents aged 20 and above said they had a breast cancer and cervical cancer test for the past 2 years, which is higher than result of the “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005. • According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 45.3% of the respondents aged 40 and above said they had a breast cancer test for the past 2 years, but there appears no distinctive correlation between test rate and age.
Exhibit 4-14. Breast Cancer Test by Age among 40 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006) 66 Chapter 4 Use of Medical Service
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 26.9% of the respondents aged 20 and above said they had a cervical cancer test for the past 1 year. The data shows that the cervical cancer screening test are most prevalent between 40~49 of age.
Exhibit 4-15. Cervical Cancer Test by Age among 20 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
(3) Colon Cancer Test
• According to “3rd Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey” conducted in 2005, 12.0% of the respondents (16.5% and 8.2% for males and females, respectively) said they had a rectal cancer test for the past 2 years. The figure of Songpa District is higher than that of Seoul and Gangnam District and lower than that of Seocho District.
Exhibit 4-16. Colon Cancer Test (Source : Seoul Citizen Health Index Survey, 2005)
Songpa District Health profile 67 Ⅳ Use of Medical Service
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, 44.4% of the respondents aged 50 and above said they had a colon cancer test for the past 5~10 years. The test rate of 60 and above is higher than that of 50-59 of age.
Exhibit 4-17. Colon Cancer Test by Age among 50 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Exhibit 4-18. Colon Cancer Test by Gender among 50 and Older (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
(4) Reasons for Not Having Test
• According to “Health Research for Songpa District Residents” in 2006, the reasons for not having any of the 4 cancer screening tests above(stomach cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and colon cancer) are as follows: they are confident about their physical conditions(35.8%), they are still not old enough to need those tests(17.6%), they have no time(15.4%), they have a
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financial issue(11.0%), they have not received a notice(5.6%), they are afraid of the result(4.4%), they think the colon cancer test is such a hassle(2.5%), and others(5.5%). • The “others” include the following reasons: they had a test before(2.3%), they do not trust the result(1.5%), they think no proper cure will be available even if they are diagnosed (1.1%), they have not thought about getting a test before(1.1%), they have not reached an age eligible for the checkup provided by the public insurance program(0.7%), they are not particularly sick(0.5%), they want to but it is too complicated(0.4%), they hate to go to hospital(0.1%), they have not put into action(0.1%).
Exhibit 4-19. Reason for Not Having a Cancer Test (Source : Health Research for Songpa District Residents , 2006)
Songpa District Health profile 69 Ⅴ Physical and Social Environment
1. Physical Environment
(1) Development Plan
• Songpa District spans 33.89㎢, occupying 5.6% of the entire Seoul. The area of Songpa District further breaks down into residential area(21.14㎢, 63%), commercial area(1.84㎢, 5%) and green area (10.9㎢, 32%).
Exhibit 5-1. Development Plan (Source : Songpa District Annual Statistical Report, 2007)
(2) Housing
• 55% of Songpa District is built by a land readjustment project and housing supply rate is 93.6%, which further breaks down to apartments (81,576 units), followed by multiplex under multiple ownership (41,359 units) and multiplex under single ownership(7,080 units).
Exhibit5-2. Housing by House Type (Source : Songpa District Annual Statistical Report, 2007)
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(3) Natural and Ecological Environment
• Surrounded Han River, Seongnae-cheon(stream), Tan-cheon(stream), Cheonma Mountain, and Namhan Mountain, Songpa District has an abundant green land that serve as a recreational area for its residents. Songpa District has 40 parks and facilities including Seokchon Lake, Olympic Park, Ogeum Park, and Asia Park and 76 children parks.
(4) Transportation
• With Jamsil being an entry point, Songpa District is a transportation hub in southeast part of Seoul. Olympic Road and Nambu Ring Road stretch in the north and center, respectively. Songpa IC leads up to Seongnam and Pangyo and Seoul Outer Ring Road stretches to Munjeong and Macheon. • Subway line 2, 5 and 8 are connected to Songpa District area: Jamsil station, Shincheon station and Sports Complex station are on line 2. Olympic Park station, Bangi station, Ogeum station, Gaerong station, Geoyeo station, and Macheon station are on line 5. Mongchontoseong station, Jamsil station, Seokchon station, Songpa station, Garak Market station, Munjeong station and Jangji station are line 8. In order to reduce traffic, Seoul Metro Corporation has started in 2003 to extend its line 3 from Suseo station to Garak Market station (line 8) and Ogeum station (line 5). The construction includes a total extension of 3㎢ (2.4㎢ subway train railway, and construction of 3 new stations involving 0.6㎢) with a budget of 450 billion Won (40% from government and 60% from Seoul City) and a target completion by 2009.
(5) Pollution
SO2 Pollution Level Annual average SO2 level in Songpa District from 2001 to 2006 shows similar to that of Seoul and it has so far been controlled under the tolerable level of 0.01ppm set by Seoul.
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Exhibit5-3. Annual average SO2 level of Songpa District and Seoul (Source : Songpa District Environmental Whitepaper, 2007)
NO2 Level Annual average level of NO2 of Seoul is slightly going up, but still remains under the tolerable level of 0.04ppm(8 hours), while Songpa District shows higher NO2 level compared to that of Seoul, exceeding the tolerable level of Seoul between 2001 and 2006.
Exhibit5-4. Annual average NO2 level of Seoul and SOngpa District (Source : Songpa District Environmental Whitepaper, 2007)
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CO Level Annual average CO level in both Seoul and Songpa District is falling. Growing use of clean fuel in Seoul and its neighboring cities has contributed to the reduction of CO exhaust due to incomplete combustion.
Exhibit5-5. Annual average CO level of Seoul and Songpa District (Source : Songpa District Environmental Whitepaper, 2007)
O3 Level O3 level in Songpa District remains similar to that of Seoul, under the tolerable level of 0.060ppm(8 hours) set by Seoul.
Exhibit5-6. Annual average O3 level of Seoul and Songpa District (Source : Songpa District Environmental Whitepaper, 2007)
Songpa District Health profile 73 Ⅴ Physical and Social Environment
• The results of health index survey for Seoul citizens help understand the environmental concerns of Songpa District residents. • The satisfaction of the residents for noise level of their neighborhood is in the