MaterialsMaterials Recovery Recovery Facility Facility ToolMaterials KitTool Kit Recovery Facility Tool Kit ThroughThrough the 3R the initiative, 3R initiative, recyclingThrough recycling will the become will 3R become initiative, part ofpart recyclinglocal of localgovernments’ will governments’ become solid part solidwaste of localwaste governments’ solid waste management.management. To some To some extent, extent,management. it will it formalize will formalize To someparts parts ofextent, waste of itwaste processing,will formalizeprocessing, largely parts largely handled of waste handled by processing, by largely handled by informalinformal sector sector waste waste pickers pickers informaland recyclers.and sector recyclers. With waste Withthis pickers publication, this publication,and recyclers. the Asian the With Asian Development this Development publication, the Asian Development Bank Bankaims aimsto support to support the 3R the initiativeBank 3R initiative aims and to encouragesupportand encourage the developing 3R initiativedeveloping member and member encourage countries countries developing to initiate to initiate member countries to initiate investmentsinvestments in materials in materials recovery investmentsrecovery facilities, facilities, in which materials which are essentialrecovery are essential toolsfacilities, toolsfor waste which for waste recycling are essentialrecycling under tools under for waste recycling under the initiative.the initiative. This toolThis kittool will kitthe be will usefulinitiative. be useful in deciding This in decidingtool the kit willsize the beand size useful designand indesign ofdeciding such of suchfacilities the facilitiessize as and it asdesign it of such facilities as it also providesalso provides an indication an indication ofalso the of providescost the ofcost such an of indicationsuchinvestments. investments. of the cost of such investments. MATERIALSMATERIALSMATERIALS AboutAbout the Asian the Asian Development DevelopmentAbout Bank the Bank Asian Development Bank ADB’sADB’s vision vision is an isAsia an andAsia PacificandADB’s Pacific region vision region free is an offree Asia poverty. of and poverty. PacificIts mission Its region mission is tofree helpis ofto poverty.itshelp developing its developingIts mission is to help its developing membermember countries countries reduce reduce povertymember poverty and countries improveand improve thereduce quality the poverty quality of life andof of life theirimprove of theirpeople. the people. qualityDespite Despite of life of their people. Despite RECOVERYRECOVERYRECOVERY the region’sthe region’s many many successes, successes, itthe remains region’s it remains home many home to successes, two-thirds to two-thirds it of remains the of world’s the home world’s poor: to two-thirds poor: 1.7 billion 1.7 ofbillion the world’s poor: 1.7 billion peoplepeople who wholive on live less on than less than$2people a day,$2 whoa withday, live with828 on million828less thanmillion struggling $2 struggling a day, on with less on 828 than less million than$1.25 $1.25 strugglinga day. a day. on less than $1.25 a day. ADB isADB committed is committed to reducing to reducingADB poverty is povertycommitted through through inclusiveto reducing inclusive economic poverty economic growth, through growth, environmentally inclusive environmentally economic growth, environmentally FACILITYFACILITY FACILITY sustainablesustainable growth, growth, and regionaland sustainableregional integration. integration. growth, and regional integration. BasedBased in Manila, in Manila, ADB isADB owned is ownedBased by 67 in by members,Manila, 67 members, ADB including is includingowned 48 byfrom 48 67 fromthemembers, region. the region. including Its main Its main 48 from the region. Its main instrumentsinstruments for helping for helping its developing itsinstruments developing member for member helping countries countries its developing are policy are policy dialogue,member dialogue, countries loans, loans, equity are equity policy dialogue, loans, equity TOOLTOOL KIT KITTOOL KIT investments,investments, guarantees, guarantees, grants,investments, grants, and technicaland guarantees,technical assistance. assistance. grants, and technical assistance. AsianAsian Development Development Bank BankAsian Development Bank 6 ADB6 Avenue,ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong Mandaluyong6 City ADB City Avenue, Mandaluyong City ReduceReduce Reduce ReuseReuse Reuse RecycleRecycle Recycle 15501550 Metro Metro Manila, Manila, Philippines Philippines1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.orgwww.adb.org www.adb.org PrintedPrinted on recycled on recycled paper paper Printed on recycled paper PrintedPrinted in the inPhilippines the Philippines Printed in the Philippines MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY TOOL KIT © 2013 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2013. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-016-6 (Print), 978-92-9254-017-3 (PDF) Publication Stock No. TIM125260 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Materials recovery facility tool kit. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2013. 1. Recycling. 2. Solid waste management. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Source of all photos in this publication is ADB. 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444 Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org For orders, please contact: Fax +63 2 636 2648 [email protected] Printed on recycled paper Contents List of Tables and Figures iv Preface v Abbreviations vii Currency Equivalents vii Definition of Key Terms viii Introduction 1 Materials Recovery Facilities and Solid Waste Management Systems 2 Types of Materials Recovery Facilities 4 Materials Recovery Facility Siting Criteria 6 Parameters Considered in Planning, Design, and Operation of Materials Recovery Facilities 7 Design of a Materials Recovery Facility 13 Materials Recovery Facility Operations 16 Recommendations and Considerations for Feasible Facilities 18 Appendixes 1 Mass Balance for a Proposed Materials Recovery Facility 23 2 Computation Guide for a Materials Recovery Facility 24 3 Photos of Materials Recovery Facilities 25 4 Photos of Materials Recovery Facilities Equipment 26 References 27 iii Tables and Figures Tables 1 Types of Materials Recovery Facilities 4 2 Waste Generation Rates of Key Asian Cities 8 3 Basic Market Requirements for Recyclables 9 4 Prices of Recyclable Materials, 2010 10 5 Indicative Estimates of Investment and Operation and Maintenance Cost of Materials Recovery Facilities 12 6 List of Materials Recovery Facility Equipment 15 7 General Materials Recovery Facility Evaluation Guide 20 8 Sample Financial Analysis of a Materials Recovery Facility 21 Figures 1 Components of a Solid Waste Management System 3 2 Metro Manila Waste Composition, 2003 7 3 Diagram of a Manual Materials Recovery Facility 14 4 Diagram of an Automated Materials Recovery Facility 14 5 Materials Recovery Facility Flow Chart 17 6 Waste Diversion Estimate 19 7 Typical Mass Balance 19 iv Preface Managing Asia’s Solid Waste: Materials Recovery Facilities and the 3R Initiative of ADB apid development, rising personal consumption, and inefficient use of resources are producing unprecedented levels of waste in Asia, where cities will generate an estimated R 1.8 million tons of garbage per day by 2025. In 2007, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) had already warned that the increased waste in the region, from what was then 760,000 tons per day, would be beyond the capacity of governments to handle, requiring private involvement in waste management. According to ADB, both the quantity and nature of wastes have significantly changed due to new production and consumption patterns and that “rapidly expanding cities are being overwhelmed by the growing volume and toxicity of wastes disposed on land and into the air and waterways.”1 Further, the proper recovery, treatment, or disposal of waste “is increasingly beyond the financial resources or political will of many national and municipal governments.” Inefficient use of resources and the often hidden costs of waste management are already affecting the competitiveness of Asian companies. ADB’s innovative 3R initiative for solid waste management to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste was launched in 2005 in Tokyo, based on an agreement by the Group of 8 industrialized nations to promote more efficient production and consumption and environmental conservation. ADB will support the 3R initiative by assisting local governments in providing storage facilities and markets for compost and recyclable materials and encouraging community-based initiatives.