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A Composição E Distribuição Da Ictiofauna De Interesse Ornamental No Estado Do Pará

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A Composição E Distribuição Da Ictiofauna De Interesse Ornamental No Estado Do Pará Universidade Federal do Pará Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Amazônia Oriental Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal JAIME RIBEIRO CARVALHO JÚNIOR A Composição E Distribuição Da Ictiofauna De Interesse Ornamental No Estado Do Pará Belém 2008 JAIME RIBEIRO CARVALHO JÚNIOR A COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE INTERESSE ORNAMENTAL NO ESTADO DO PARÁ Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Animal. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência Animal. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural. Universidade Federal do Pará. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Amazônia Oriental. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aquática e Aqüicultura. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Luiza Nakayama Belém 2008 JAIME RIBEIRO CARVALHO JÚNIOR A COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE INTERESSE ORNAMENTAL NO ESTADO DO PARÁ Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Animal. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência Animal. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural. Universidade Federal do Pará, da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Amazônia Oriental. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aquática e Aqüicultura. Data da aprovação. Belém-PA : ____/____/___ Banca Examinadora: _______________________________ Profa. Dra. Luiza Nakayama Universidade Federal do Pará _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Julio César Pieczarka Universidade Federal do Pará _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Raimundo Aderson Lobão de Souza Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Dedico a minha família “CARDUME” (tanto de pernas como de nadadeiras) companheiros amazônicos que me ensinam a cada dia algo diferente, mesmo que seja algo insano...Isso tudo é para vocês. AGRADECIMENTOS Várias são as pessoas de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Sei que não terei laudas suficiente para expressar todos os agradecimentos, mas espero poder expressar um pouco a cada uma delas. Primeiramente agradeço a minha família. Minha esposa Nigiacy (Preta) que me compreende e muito me ajudou nas horas difíceis. Ao meu Cardume “filhos”, Jayme, Jamylle, Ana Paula, Natasha, Nathália, Danielle, Paola, João Batista e João Henrique que me alegraram e emocionaram quando em campo com aquela voz particularmente de cada um no telefone: “oi pai júnior” e todos os sobrinhos (fauna acompanhante). Eu amo muito vocês. A meus pais Jaime e Carmen, que me educaram e sempre fizeram o possível para que eu estudasse. Obrigado mesmo! A meus irmãos Carlos Mário e família e Fábio e família e a Janaina também, fundamentais pela sua simples existência. A vocês a minha eterna gratidão. Agradeço ainda a meu sogro Jayme Forbino, meu vô Carlos, minha Bibi (Maria Irecê), que acreditaram e já partiram, e sei que continuam colaborando. Aos verdadeiros “Bombeiros” minha sogra Nigima e sua irmã tia Lucinha todo apoio e orações dessa longa trajetória. Minhas cunhadas, cunhados e concunhados Nigiany, Danielle, Izabelle, Edmundo, Emanuel e os que partiram por todo o apoio dispensado no decorrer desta minha vida. Ao IctioBrother Andrew Camoes que incansavelmente tem incentivado em muitos anos meu aprendizado e que acredita na sustentabilidade de peixes ornamentais na Amazônia. Isso me deu muita força para realizar esta dissertação e obrigado por tudo. Agradeço ainda a banca de avaliação, que se mostraram pessoas incríveis, realmente merecedoras do posto que ocupam, afinal tiveram sempre o cuidado e a vontade de contribuir com este trabalho. Obrigado. A minha orientadora, a profª. Dra. Luiza Nakayama, pela troca de idéias para formação desta dissertação, paciência, tranqüilidade, ajuda em todos os momentos que precisei, mas acima de tudo por ser esta “mãezona”. Aos heróis da “Liga da justiça” Dr. Julio Pieczarka e Dr Arno Rolf obrigado mesmo. Vocês sabem do que se trata esta “Liga da Justiça”. Devo muito a vocês. Também aos meus incentivadores acadêmicos Dr. Otávio Ohashi, Dra Cleusa Nagamashi, Dr. Aderson Lobão, Dr. Horácio Higuchi, Dr. Edilson Matos, Dr. Manoel, MsC. Augusto Peralta. Obrigado por serem pessoas como são. Aos amigos do laboratório de Biologia de Organismos Aquáticos: Allan, Márcia, Vanessa, Suzana, Diego e Suzete pelo companheirismo e sugestões. Aos “ictioatletas” Fábio, Ellen, Eloise, Márcio e Adjalbas por todo apoio nas horas difíceis, principalmente a estas últimas, pois só vocês mesmo para me fazer rir em certos momentos. Ainda falando em apoio, obrigado aos coordenadores, professores e assistentes da Pós Ciência Animal. A Profa. Vera Fadul pelas correções e ajustes da dissertação. A Capes pela bolsa de pesquisa. A toda turma da pós-graduação e aqueles que estiveram comigo diretamente “Os Aquáticos” Mauro, Allan, Stélio, Igor, Walmir, Lilian, Suzete e Erika. Vocês são demais! Em se falando de “ictiomanos”, vai um abraço aos veios de guerra Leocyvan, Cid, Breno, Marquinho que se mostraram companheiros “CENJA” todos estes anos. Um abraço especial também aos pesquisadores amazônicos Jansen Zuanon, Robert, David, Oriana, Constantino, Victória Isaac, Barthem, Luciano Montag, Wolmar, Daniel, Patrícia, Mauricio, Helder, Camargo-Zorro, Tomasso, Marcelo Torres, Rodrigo, Rodolfo, Claudio, Elane, Suzana, Augusto, Roberto, Bianca, Rui, Ronald, Priscila, Roberta, Danilo, Patrícia, Marcelo, Douglas, Silvio, Jorge e tantos outros. Valeu Turma! Ao ictiobrother Dr. Fernando Marques pelo apoio nestes longos anos e que na passagem por Belém foi fundamental com as sugestões para essa dissertação. Vai também um grande abraço ao Ictiomano Móises Mourão Jr. e família (Catarina e Ana Paula) pela ajuda com as análises estatísticas e sem falar do “dingo” da Aninha e claro R.E.M do Móises. Vocês me acolheram em seus corações e isso foi fundamental para conclusão da dissertação. Devo muito a vocês! Quero deixar aqui meus agradecimentos a todas as instituições e pesquisadores de outras regiões que colaboraram no envio de material sem eles estaria perdido neste mundo ictiológico. Nesta última parte, quero expressar meu “muito obrigado” aos pescadores que me receberam e dispuseram de seu tempo e boa vontade para compartilhar as pescarias. Espero não ter cometido nenhuma injustiça, agradeço a todos que de alguma forma me ajudaram. Que Deus os abençoe! RESUMO A ictiofauna de interesse ornamental do estado do Pará foi estudada com enfoque na sua composição e distribuição nas regiões hidrográficas paraense. Revelou através do inventário de espécies divida em: Loricariidae (329), seguida pelas Characidae (139), Cichlidae (133), Callichthyidae (51), Lebiasinidae e Auchenipteridae (22), Pimelodidae (21), Potamotrygonidae e Doradidae (19), Anostomidae e Rivulidae (16) e Crenuchidae e Poeciliidae (10). Registraram-se ainda casos de família com menos de 10 spp, tendo sido registradas uma riqueza de 928 espécies, pertencentes a 271 gêneros e distribuídas em 47 famílias e 14 ordens. Das espécies registradas, 595 espécies apresentaram identificações taxonômicas e registros nos diferentes bancos de dados, enquanto 333 espécies foram identificadas com “status” taxonômico ainda indefinido. Mesmo com o registro de 270 gêneros distintos, ressalta-se a riqueza muito elevada concentrada em 12 gêneros com números acima de 15 espécies: Loricariidae com os gêneros Ancistrus (44, 4,74%), Hypancistrus (24, 2,59%) , Hypostomus (24, 2,59%) , Baryancistrus (23, 2,48%) , Pseudacanthicus (22, 2,37%) e Peckoltia (30, 3,23%); Callichthyidae com gênero Corydoras (44, 4,74%); Cichlidae com os gêneros Crenicichla (44, 4,74%) e Apistogramma (24, 2,59%); Characidae com os gêneros Moenkhausia (20, 2,16%) e Hyphessobrycon (18, 1,94%) e Potamotrygonidae com gênero Potamotrygon (16, 1,72%). Assim, definem-se como grupos de maior diversificação os pequenos e médios acaris, “corredoras”, acarás e jacundás, tetras e arraias. Mesmo espécies ameaçadas, sejam vulneráveis ou mesmo as criticamente em perigo, ainda são comercilizadas clandestinamente no estado. Discussões sobre listas de espécies encontradas e permitidas e uma comparação da ictiofauna das regiões hidrográficas do estado do Pará são apresentadas. Palavras-chave: Peixes ornamentais. Ictiofauna. Regiões hidrográficas. ABSTRACT The icthyfauna of ornamental interest of the Para State has been studied with focus on the composition and distribution on Para hidrographic regions. It revealed through the invetory of species divided in: Loricariidae (329), followed by the Characidae (139), Cichlidae (133), Callichthyidae (51), Lebiasinidae e Auchenipteridae (22), Pimelodidae (21), Potamotrygonidae and Doradidae (19), Anostomidae and Rivulidae (16) and Crenuchidae and Poeciliidae (10). There were also registered cases of families with less than 10 spp, having been registered a richness of 928 species, belonging to 271 genres and distributed in 47 families and 14 orders. From registered species, 595 species presented taxonomic identifications and registers in the different databases, while 333 species were identified with taxonomic “status” yet undefined. Even with the register of 270 distinct genres, stands out the very elevated richness in 12 genres with numbers above 15 species: Loricariidae with genres Ancistrus (44, 4,74%), Hypancistrus (24, 2,59%), Hypostomus (24, 2,59%), Baryancistrus (23, 2,48%), Pseudacanthicus (22, 2,37%) and Peckoltia (30, 3,23%); Callichtyidae with genres Corydoas (44, 4,74%); Cichlidae with genres Crenicichla (44, 4,74%)
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